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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (vaccination) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
422 emner vises.
Infection, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract We present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVaughan, A., Duffell, E., Freidl, G. S., Lemos, D. S., Nardone, A., Valenciano, M., Subissi, L., Bergeri, I., K Broberg, E., Penttinen, P., Pebody, R., Keramarou, M.
BMJ Open, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
ObjectivesSystematic review of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies undertaken in the WHO European Region to measure pre-existing and cumulative seropositivity prior to the roll out of vaccination programmes. DesignA systematic review of the literature. Data sourcesWe searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and the preprint servers MedRxiv and BioRxiv in the WHO ‘COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease’ database using a predefined search strategy. Articles were supplemented with unpublished WHO-supported Unity-aligned seroprevalence studies and other studies reported directly to WHO Regional Office for Europe and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Eligibility criteriaStudies published before the widespread implementation of COVID-19 vaccination programmes in January 2021 among the general population and blood donors, at national and regional levels. Data extraction and synthesisAt least two independent researchers extracted the eligible studies; a third researcher resolved any disagreements. Study risk of bias was assessed using a quality scoring system based on sample size, sampling and testing methodologies. ResultsIn total, 111 studies from 26 countries published or conducted between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020 across the WHO European Region were included. A significant heterogeneity in implementation was noted across the studies, with a paucity of studies from the east of the Region. Sixty-four (58%) studies were assessed to be of medium to high risk of bias. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity prior to widespread community circulation was very low. National seroprevalence estimates after circulation started ranged from 0% to 51.3% (median 2.2% (IQR 0.7–5.2%); n=124), while subnational estimates ranged from 0% to 52% (median 5.8% (IQR 2.3%–12%); n=101), with the highest estimates in areas following widespread local transmission. ConclusionsThe low levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in most populations prior to the start of vaccine programmes underlines the critical importance of targeted vaccination of priority groups at risk of severe disease, while maintaining reduced levels of transmission to minimise population morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 due to their close contact with infected patients. However, the true burden of COVID-19 among HCWs in Yemen is unknown due to the inadequate availability of healthcare and the subclinical nature of the disease. This study aims to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in two Yemeni governorates and identify associated factors using a cross-sectional design. Method A total of 404 HCWs were surveyed from June 2022 to September 2022 in Lahj and AL-Dhalea hospitals. A self-administered questionnaire collected demographic data, COVID-19 infection history, and vaccination status. A total of 404 human sera were tested using a specific electrochemiluminescence immunoassay assay. Association analysis was conducted to identify associations between antibody prevalence and demographic and vaccine-related variables. Result The median age of the HCWs was 31 (Range 20–64) years, with 65.0% being male and 35.0% female. Of all HCWs, 94% were SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and 77.0% had no confirmed test of COVID-19-related symptoms. There was no significant association between seropositivity and demographic factors such as age, gender, occupation, or COVID-19 vaccination (P > 0.05). Conclusion The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was high among HCWs in Yemen, primarily due to natural infection rather than vaccination. Compliance with infection prevention and control measures did not significantly affect seropositivity. This study highlights the need for improved healthcare systems and resources to reduce the burden of COVID-19 and promote infection prevention and control (IPC) measures among HCWs in Yemen.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmnuay Kleebayoon; Viroj Wiwanitkit;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Infectious Disease Modelling, 6.09.2023
Tilføjet 6.09.2023
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Dashan Zheng, Lingzhi Shen, Wanqi Wen, Feng Ling, Ziping Liao, Jimin Sun, Hualiang Lin
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 13.08.2023
Tilføjet 13.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 12 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Siwaphorn Kanchanarat, Kadkanok Nudee, Settapat Chinviriyasit, Wirawan Chinviriyasit
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFahima Akter; Tahira Binte Hasan; Farhana Alam; Aurpy Das; Shanta Afrin; Sadia Maisha; Abdullah Al Masud; Saif‐Ur‐Rahman KM;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Monkeypox is an emerging threat to humans since a new outbreak in May 2022. It is hypothesised that increasing the immunologically naive population after the cessation of the smallpox vaccination campaign in the 1980s is one of the leading causes of it. A literature search was conducted using different electronic databases including MEDLINE (through PubMed), SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and EMBASE for relevant studies. After duplication removal, abstract and title screening, and full‐text screening were done, the data were extracted, tabulated, and analysed. The risk of bias was assessed following the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non‐randomised Studies. We found a total of 1068 relevant articles and finally, we included 6 articles including 2083 participants. The studies suggested that smallpox is 80.7% efficacious to prevent human monkeypox and the immunity provided by prior smallpox vaccination is long‐lasting. Moreover, the smallpox vaccination decreases the risk of human monkeypox by 5.2‐folds. Two cross‐sectional studies based on the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) including a total of around 1800 monkeypox cases found that unvaccinated participants had 2.73 and 9.64‐fold increased risk of monkeypox compared to the vaccinated participants. Other studies in USA and Spain also demonstrated that unvaccinated people were more prone to develop monkeypox than vaccinated people. Furthermore, monkeypox incidence has increased by 20 folds, 30 years after the cessation of the smallpox vaccination campaign in DRC. Evidence‐based preventive and therapeutic agents are still not available for human monkeypox. Further study should be done to explore the role of the smallpox vaccine in preventing human monkeypox.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrea Zovi; Francesco Ferrara; Roberto Langella; Fabiola Cavallaro; Antonio Vitiello;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
The genetic variability of each individual may lead to the identification of completely different genetic polymorphisms which are associated with a different sensitivity to infectious diseases in humans. Such genetic variability allows the immune system to respond differently to viral agents, therefore only a fraction of humans develop severe symptoms, as happened with SARS‐CoV‐2. Such knowledge is critical to enable the development of appropriate pharmacological solutions to prevent the consequences of insufficient immunity in dealing with serious viral diseases such as SARS‐CoV‐2. For instance, global epidemiological data show that male sex is a risk factor for the severe evolution of SARS‐CoV‐2 disease. Men, due to higher production of Testosterone (TLT), are more vulnerable than females. Women, due to greater expression of the TLR7 gene found on the X chromosome, a key innate immunity gene that encodes Toll‐like proteins, are able to synthesise more antiviral proteins and interferons in dendritic cells, resulting in a more robust immune system capable of preventing severe SARS‐CoV‐2 viral disease. This manuscript highlights how human genetic variability can lead to severe infectious symptoms in some individuals who must take appropriate prophylactic actions, such as vaccination, to prevent this.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNegin Farhadian; Sara Sharifi; Mahdi Taghadosi; Maryam Farhadian; Siavash Vaziri;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
People living with HIV (PLWH) are susceptible to severe COVID‐19 infection and hence this fragile population has prioritised vaccination. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the humoral immune response after receiving two doses schedule of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccinations in this high‐risk population. A systematic electronic search on the PubMed database and manual searches were performed for relevant articles until 30 Sep 2022. Two outcomes of interest were seroconversion rates and anti‐spike receptor binding domain (anti‐S‐RBD) antibody titres at the median time of 14–35 days following two‐dose vaccination among PLWH. Nineteen cohorts and one cross‐sectional study were eligible for inclusion in this study. The pooled estimate of seroconversion rate after receiving two doses of mRNA vaccination schedule were 98.4% and 75.2% among PLWH with CD4>500 cells/mm and CD4500 cells/mm had a 51% likelihood of having positive anti‐Spike‐RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) (OR: 0.509, 95% CI: 0.228, 1.133, = 0.098) post‐vaccination and this value was only 1.4% (OR: 0.014, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.078, = 0.000) for PLWH with CD4500 cells/mm and healthy controls ( = 0.06). The pooled median of anti‐S‐RBD IgG values were 1461.93 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml and 457.41 BAU/ml in PLWH with CD4>500 cells/mm and CD4
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 12.06.2023
Tilføjet 12.06.2023
Publication date: Available online 11 June 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Md. Mamun-Ur-Rashid Khan, Md. Rajib Arefin, Jun Tanimoto
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 31.05.2023
Tilføjet 31.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 31 May 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Zenebe Shiferaw Kifle, Legesse Lemecha Obsu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 29.05.2023
Tilføjet 29.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 28 May 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sittisede Polwiang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMasoud Rahmati; Dong Keon Yon; Seung Won Lee; Laurie Butler; Ai Koyanagi; Louis Jacob; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but no systematic synthesis of evidence on COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy against these outcomes has been undertaken. Thus, we aimed to assess the collective evidence on the effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to 1 November 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate pooled effects size and 95% confidence interval (CI). We evaluated 30 studies involving 862,272 individuals (308,428 vaccinated and 553,844 unvaccinated). Overall pooled analyses in pregnant women during pregnancy showed reduced risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by 60% (41%–73%), COVID‐19 hospitalisation during pregnancy by 53% (31%–69%), and COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) admission by 82% (12%–99%). Neonates of vaccinated women were 1.78 folds more likely to acquire SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first 2, 4 and 6 months of life during the Omicron period. The risk of stillbirth was reduced by 45% (17%–63%) in association with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy. A decrease of 15% (3%–25%), 33% (14%–48%), and 33% (17%–46%) in the odds of preterm births before 37, 32 and 28 weeks\' gestation were associated with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy, respectively. The risk of neonatal ICU admission was significantly lower by 20% following COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy (16%–24%). There was no evidence of a higher risk of adverse outcomes including miscarriage, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, cardiac problems, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, unassisted vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, gestational age at delivery, placental abruption, Apgar score at 5 min below 7, low birthweight (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaura Comber; Eamon O Murchu; Karen Jordan; Sarah Hawkshaw; Liam Marshall; Michelle O'Neill; Conor Teljeur; Máirín Ryan; AnnaSara Carnahan; Jaime Jesús Pérez Martín; Anna Hayman Robertson; Kari Johansen; Jorgen Jonge; Tyra Krause; Nathalie Nicolay; Hanna Nohynek; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Richard Pebody; Pasi Penttinen; Marta Soler‐Soneira; Ole Wichmann; Patricia Harrington;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
This review sought to assess the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of high‐dose inactivated influenza vaccines (HD‐IIV) for the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza in individuals aged 18 years or older. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were included. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 36 studies were included. HD‐IIV was shown to have higher relative vaccine efficacy in preventing influenza compared with standard‐dose influenza vaccines (SD‐IIV3) in older adults (Vaccine effectiveness (VE) = 24%, 95% CI 10–37, one RCT). One NRSI demonstrated significant effect for HD‐IIV3 against influenza B (VE = 89%, 95% CI 47–100), but not for influenza A(H3N2) (VE = 22%, 95% CI −82 to 66) when compared with no vaccination in older adults. HD‐IIV3 showed significant relative effect compared with SD‐IIV3 for influenza‐related hospitalisation (VE = 11.8%, 95% CI 6.4–17.0, two NRSIs), influenza‐ or pneumonia‐related hospitalisation (VE = 13.7%, 95% CI 9.5–17.7, three NRSIs), influenza‐related hospital encounters (VE = 13.1%, 95% CI 8.4–17.7, five NRSIs), and influenza‐related office visits (VE = 3.5%, 95% CI 1.5–5.5, two NRSIs). For safety, HD‐IIV were associated with significantly higher rates of local and systemic adverse events compared with SD‐IIV (combined local reactions, pain at injection site, swelling, induration, headache, chills and malaise). From limited data, compared with SD‐IIV, HD‐IIV were found to be more effective in the prevention of laboratory‐confirmed influenza, for a range of proxy outcome measures, and associated with more adverse events.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaseeba Javed; Musa Ali Rizvi; Zara Fahim; Muhammad Ehsan; Mubeena Javed; Muhammad Asad Raza;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
Although the Global Polio Eradication Initiative has been largely successful in elimination of polio from various parts of the world, sporadic local outbreaks in non‐endemic areas continue to pose a threat to global polio eradication efforts. In the two endemic countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan, a staggering 176 cases of wild poliovirus 1 (WPV1) were reported in 2019. In 2020 alone, 959 cases of Circulating Vaccine Derived Poliovirus 2 were reported globally from 27 countries. After staying polio‐free for years, cases of WPV were detected in Malawi and Mozambique in 2022. The roots of the reported strains matched with the WPV strain from Pakistan. The emergence of WPV cases in Malawi and Mozambique underscores the fact that WPV still has the chance to spread beyond the Afghanistan‐Pakistan region and sustained efforts are required for its complete eradication. In the case of smallpox, surveillance‐containment was the key to eradication as many countries had already eradicated smallpox and the bigger concern was to track and contain any new cases emerging. Smallpox eradication followed a comprehensive plan which included elements like quality control and standardisation of vaccination protocols. Governments all over the world should prioritise immunisation drives, surveillance, and awareness campaigns to achieve the dream of a polio‐free world.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOsama A. Badary;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
COVID‐19 was announced as a global pandemic in 2020. Several types of COVID‐19 vaccines are available such as mRNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, and protein subunit or inactivated virus vaccines. Vaccines are often administered in patients with chronic diseases who are likely to be treated with several drugs. A growing number of clinical observations indicated the possibility of interactions between COVID‐19 vaccines and drugs. A hyperinflammatory state may spark significant imbalances in drug metabolism that may result in the alteration of drug pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response. Furthermore, interactions may result in additive or antagonistic or synergistic vaccine immune response. Information about COVID‐19 vaccine–drug interactions is needed by physicians and pharmacists to make rational drug‐use decisions. In this review, several individual and categorical evidence‐based potential COVID‐19 vaccine–drug interactions of clinical importance are described. Vigilance is needed to detect previously unreported COVID‐19 drug interactions and to further assess known interactions. The clinical significance of which is not fully determined. Evidence suggests that adverse events to some drugs are rare after COVID‐19 vaccination and their possibility should not affect vaccination of patients at risk. Clinicians prescribing medications should be aware of the likely risk of interaction with COVID‐19 vaccines and may benefit from taking into account present recommendations of the best measures to avoid consequences of such interactions to preserve vaccine efficacy and patient safety.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEamon O Murchu; Laura Comber; Karen Jordan; Sarah Hawkshaw; Liam Marshall; Michelle O’Neill; Máirín Ryan; Conor Teljeur; Annasara Carnahan; Jaime Jesús Pérez; Anna Hayman Robertson; Kari Johansen; Jorgen de Jonge; Tyra Krause; Nathalie Nicolay; Hanna Nohynek; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Richard Pebody; Pasi Penttinen; Marta Soler‐Soneira; Ole Wichmann; Patricia Harrington;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza is through vaccination. In this systematic review, we investigated the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of MF59 adjuvanted trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines to prevent laboratory‐confirmed influenza. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were eligible for inclusion. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 48 studies on MF59 adjuvanted vaccines met our inclusion criteria. No efficacy trials were identified. In terms of vaccine effectiveness (VE), MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccines were effective in preventing laboratory‐confirmed influenza in older adults (aged ≥65 years) compared with no vaccination (VE = 45%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 23%–61%, 5 NRSIs across 3 influenza seasons). By subtype, significant effect was found for influenza A(H1N1) (VE = 61%, 95% CI 44%–73%) and B (VE = 29%, 95% CI 5%–46%), but not for A(H3N2). In terms of relative VE, there was no significant difference comparing MF59 adjuvanted trivalent vaccines with either non‐adjuvanted trivalent or quadrivalent vaccines. Compared with traditional trivalent influenza vaccines, MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccines were associated with a greater number of local adverse events (RR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.50–2.39) and systemic reactions (RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.38). In conclusion, MF59 adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccines were found to be more effective than ‘no vaccination’. Based on limited data, there was no significant difference comparing the effectiveness of MF59 adjuvanted vaccines with their non‐adjuvanted counterparts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEamon O Murchu; Laura Comber; Karen Jordan; Sarah Hawkshaw; Liam Marshall; Michelle O’Neill; Máirín Ryan; Conor Teljeur; Annasara Carnahan; Jaime Jesús Pérez; Anna Hayman Robertson; Kari Johansen; Jorgen de Jonge; Tyra Krause; Nathalie Nicolay; Hanna Nohynek; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Richard Pebody; Pasi Penttinen; Marta Soler‐Soneira; Ole Wichmann; Patricia Harrington;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza is through vaccination. In this systematic review, we investigated the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of recombinant haemagglutinin (HA) seasonal influenza vaccines to prevent laboratory‐confirmed influenza. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials and non‐randomised studies of interventions were eligible for inclusion. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 10 studies on recombinant HA influenza vaccine met our inclusion criteria. One study found that the quadrivalent recombinant HA influenza vaccine had higher relative vaccine efficacy (rVE) in preventing laboratory‐confirmed influenza during the 2014–15 season compared with traditional quadrivalent vaccination in adults aged ≥50 years (rVE = 30%, 95% CI 10%–47%, moderate‐certainty evidence). In a subgroup analysis, higher rVE was reported for influenza A (rVE = 36%, 95% CI 14% to 53%), but not for B (non‐significant). Another study reported higher efficacy for the trivalent recombinant HA vaccine compared with placebo (VE = 45%, 95% CI 19–63, 1 RCT, low‐certainty evidence) in adults aged 18–55 years. With the exception of a higher rate of chills (RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03–1.72), the safety profile of recombinant HA vaccines was comparable to that of traditional influenza vaccines. The evidence base for the efficacy and effectiveness of recombinant HA influenza vaccines is limited at present, although one study found that the quadrivalent recombinant HA influenza vaccine had higher rVE compared with traditional quadrivalent vaccination in adults aged ≥50 years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHan Li; Chelsea‐Jane Arcalas; Junmin Song; Masoud Rahmati; Seoyeon Park; Ai Koyanagi; Seung Won Lee; Dong Keon Yon; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the predominant variant behind the surges of COVID‐19 in the United States, Europe, and India in the second half of 2021. The information available regarding the defining mutations and their effects on the structure, transmission, and vaccine efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 is constantly evolving. With waning vaccine immunity and relaxation of social distancing policies across the globe driving the increased spread of the Delta variant, there is a great need for a resource aggregating the most recent information for clinicians and researchers concerning the Delta variant. Accordingly, this narrative review comprehensively reviews the genetics, structure, epidemiology, clinical course, and vaccine efficacy of the Delta variant. Comparison with the omicron variant is also discussed. The Delta variant is defined by 15 mutations in the Spike protein, most of which increase affinity for the ACE‐2 receptor or enhance immune escape. The Delta variant causes similar symptoms to prototypical COVID‐19, but it is more likely to be severe, with a greater inflammatory phenotype and viral load. The reproduction number is estimated to be approximately twice the prototypical strains present during the early pandemic, and numerous breakthrough infections have been reported. Despite studies demonstrating breakthrough infection and reduced antibody neutralisation, full vaccination effectively reduces the likelihood of severe illness and hospitalisation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaren Jordan; Eamon O. Murchu; Laura Comber; Sarah Hawkshaw; Liam Marshall; Michelle O’Neill; Conor Teljeur; Patricia Harrington; Annasara Carnahan; Jaime Jesús Pérez‐Martín; Anna Hayman Robertson; Kari Johansen; Jorgen de Jonge; Tyra Krause; Nathalie Nicolay; Hanna Nohynek; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Richard Pebody; Pasi Penttinen; Marta Soler‐Soneira; Ole Wichmann; Máirín Ryan;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The most effective means of preventing seasonal influenza is through strain‐specific vaccination. In this study, we investigated the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of cell‐based trivalent and quadrivalent influenza vaccines. A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases and grey literature sources up to 7 February 2020. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non‐randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Certainty of evidence for key outcomes was assessed using the GRADE methodology. The search returned 28,846 records, of which 868 full‐text articles were assessed for relevance. Of these, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. No relative efficacy data were identified for the direct comparison of cell‐based vaccines compared with traditional vaccines (egg‐based). Efficacy data were available comparing cell‐based trivalent influenza vaccines with placebo in adults (aged 18–49 years). Overall vaccine efficacy was 70% against any influenza subtype (95% CI 61%–77%, two RCTS), 82% against influenza A(H1N1) (95% CI 71%–89%, 2 RCTs), 72% against influenza A(H3N2) (95% CI 39%–87%, 2 RCTs) and 52% against influenza B (95% CI 30%–68%, 2 RCTs). Limited and heterogeneous data were presented for effectiveness when compared with no vaccination. One NRSI compared cell‐based trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination with traditional trivalent and quadrivalent vaccination, finding a small but significant difference in favour of cell‐based vaccines for influenza‐related hospitalisation, hospital encounters and physician office visits. The safety profile of cell‐based trivalent vaccines was comparable to traditional trivalent influenza vaccines. Compared with placebo, cell‐based trivalent influenza vaccines have demonstrated greater efficacy in adults aged 18–49 years. Overall cell‐based vaccines are well‐tolerated in adults, however, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these vaccines compared with traditional seasonal influenza vaccines is limited.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2023 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Céline Ducournau, Pauline Cantin, Vanessa Alerte, Benoît Quintard, Florine Popelin-Wedlarski, Rudy Wedlarski, Florence Ollivet-Courtois, Johanne Ferri-Pisani Maltot, Clément Herkt, François Fasquelle, Mylène Sannier, Mélanie Berthet, Vanessa Fretay, Dominique Aubert, Isabelle Villena, Didier Betbeder, Nathalie Moiré, Isabelle Dimier-Poisson
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSusan Ahern; Kieran A. Walsh; Simona Paone; John Browne; Marie Carrigan; Patricia Harrington; Aileen Murphy; Conor Teljeur; Máirín Ryan;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The safety of new vaccines under development as well as existing vaccines is a key priority for national and international public health agencies. A number of countries have implemented universal childhood varicella vaccination programmes over the past 30 years. However, strategies differ in terms of the number of doses, type of vaccine(s) recommended, age at vaccination and interval between doses for a two‐dose schedule. An overview of reviews was undertaken to assess the existing systematic review evidence of the safety of varicella vaccination strategies. The review was restricted to immunocompetent children aged 9 months to 6 years inclusive. A comprehensive search of databases, registries and grey literature was conducted up to 2 February 2022. Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included reviews. Overlap of included reviews was also assessed. A total of 17 reviews, incorporating both the monovalent varicella only and quadrivalent measles‐mumps‐rubella‐varicella (MMRV) vaccines were included in the overview; six assessed the safety of one‐dose strategies, four assessed the safety of two‐dose strategies and 14 reviews did not specify the dosing strategy. The evidence suggests that mild local and systemic reactions are relatively common with varicella vaccination. Febrile seizures are also possible adverse effects of both the monovalent and quadrivalent MMRV vaccine, but serious adverse reactions are rare. While most reviews contained methodological flaws, and analysis by vaccine type and dosing strategy was restricted due to lack of detail in reporting of the reviews, there was clear and consistent evidence from a substantial evidence base, comprising 34 randomised controlled trials and 62 other primary studies/reviews, that varicella vaccination is safe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed