Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/hiv#screening_foer_behandling_med_bmsl_(2023).pdf
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/hiv#antiretroviral_behandling_af_hiv-smittede_personer_(2024).pdf
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/hiv#tuberkuloseinfektion_hos_immunsupprimerede_(2023).pdf
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/hiv#hiv_behandling_af_gravide_2021.pdf
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/hiv#hiv_postexposure_profylakse_pep_2020.pdf
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/hiv#fertilitetsbehandling_ved_hiv_og_hepatitis_(2018).pdf
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Guidelines 1 Screening før behandling med biologiske og målrettede syntetiske lægemidler (2023)
Bilag til Retningslinjer for screening og profylakse før behandling med biologiske lægemidler (2023) 2 Retningslinjer for screening og profylakse før behandling med biologiske lægemidler (2023)
Omhandler biologiske og målrettede syntetiske lægemidler (BMSL) til patienter i forhold til risiko for tuberkulose (TB), Humant Papillom Virus (HPV), Hepatitis B og C (HBV og HCV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) og Humant Immundefekt Virus (HIV) og øvrige infektioner. Vejledningen er udarbejdet af repræsentanter fra Dansk Selskab for Gastroenterologi og Hepatologi (DSGH), Dansk Reumatologisk Selskab (DRS), Dansk Dermatologisk Selskab (DDS) og Dansk Selskab for Infektionsmedicin (DSI). 3 Antiretroviral behandling af HIV-smittede personer (2024)
Udarbejdet af DSI's arbejdsgruppe vedrørende antiretroviral terapi 4 Tuberkuloseinfektion hos immunsupprimerede (2023)
Denne vejledning omhandler vurdering og behandling af tuberkuloseinfektion hos voksne, som skal behandles med immunsupprimerende medicin i form af f.eks TNF-α hæmmere eller andre immunsupprimerende biologiske lægemidler, hvor der er øget risiko for tuberkulosereaktivering. Guideline dækker ikke børn, personer med medfødt immundefekt, HIV positive, patienter i dialyse, patienter med dysreguleret diabetes, silicose, erhvervede immundefekter eller patienter i konventionel kortvarig kemoterapi. Denne guideline omhandler ikke klassisk smitteopsporing blandt tuberkuloseeksponerede eller udredning på mistanke om aktiv tuberkulose. 5 Stikuheld og anden blodeksposition (2020)
Revideret september 2020. Arbejdsgruppen bestod af Suzanne Lunding (formand), Peer Brehm Christensen, Christian Erikstrup, Terese L. Katzenstein, Henrik Krarup, Alex Lund Laursen, Birgitte Mørn og Nina Weis 6 HIV-behandling af gravide (2021)
Arbejdsgruppen bestod af: Jan Gerstoft, Ann-Brit Eg Hansen, Gitte Kronborg, Jens D. Lundgren, Henrik I. Nielsen, Olav Ditlevsen Larsen, Niels Obel og Alex Laursen 7 Pre-exposure profylakse mod HIV (2021)
Fællesregional retningslinje for udlevering af forebyggende medicin mod HIV (PrEP), udgivet af Danske Regioner. 8 HIV post exposure profylakse (PEP) 2020
Version: 3. Endelig guideline: 01.09.2020. Guideline skal revideres senest: 01.09.2023 Arbejdsgruppens medlemmer: Peer Brehm Christensen, Christian Erikstrup, Jan Gerstoft, Terese Katzenstein, Alex Laursen, Suzanne Lunding, Birgitte Mørn og Nina Weis. Links 1 Medicinrådets behandlingsvejledning om HIV
2 Medicin.dk om behandling af HIV
3 EACS European Guidelines for treatment of HIV-positive adults
4 Region Hovedstadens vejledning om rådgivning ved positiv HIV-test
5 Region Hovedstadens vejledning om behandling af HIV hos voksne patienter herunder gravide og det nyfødte barn
6 Infektionsmedicinsk afdelings (Rigshospitalet) instruks om HIV
7 Infektionsmedicinsk afdelings (Hvidovre) instruks om HIV
Nye artikler 1 Difficult-to-treat HIV in Sweden: a cross-sectional study BMC Infectious Diseases, 18.03.2024 Tilføjet 18.03.2024 Abstract Background Our aim was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of difficult-to-treat HIV in the current Swedish HIV cohort and to compare treatment outcomes between people with difficult and non-difficult-to-treat HIV. Methods In this cross-sectional analysis of the Swedish HIV cohort, we identified all people with HIV currently in active care in 2023 from the national register InfCareHIV. We defined five categories of difficult-to-treat HIV: 1) advanced resistance, 2) four-drug regimen, 3) salvage therapy, 4) virologic failure within the past 12 months, and 5) ≥ 2 regimen switches following virologic failure since 2008. People classified as having difficult-to-treat HIV were compared with non-difficult for background characteristics as well as treatment outcomes (viral suppression and self-reported physical and psychological health). Results Nine percent of the Swedish HIV cohort in 2023 (n = 8531) met at least one criterion for difficult-to-treat HIV. Most of them had ≥ 2 regimen switches (6%), and the other categories of difficult-to-treat HIV were rare (1–2% of the entire cohort). Compared with non-difficult, people with difficult-to-treat HIV were older, had an earlier first year of positive HIV test and lower CD4 counts, and were more often female. The viral suppression rate among people with difficult-to-treat HIV was 84% compared with 95% for non-difficult (p = 0.001). People with difficult-to-treat HIV reported worse physical (but not psychological) health, and this remained statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, and transmission group. Conclusions Although 9% of the HIV cohort in Sweden in 2023 were classified as having difficult-to-treat HIV, a large proportion of these were virally suppressed, and challenges such as advanced resistance and need for salvage therapy are rare in the current Swedish cohort. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed2 Incidence and risk factors for HIV-tuberculosis coinfection in the Cologne–Bonn region: a retrospective cohort study Infection, 16.03.2024 Tilføjet 16.03.2024 Abstract Purpose The risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) is considerably increased in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH). However, incidence of HIV/TB coinfection is difficult to assess as surveillance data are lacking in many countries. Here, we aimed to perform a quantitative analysis of HIV/TB coinfections within the Cologne/Bonn HIV cohort and to determine risk factors for active TB. Methods We systematically evaluated data of patients with HIV/TB coinfection between 2006 and 2017. In this retrospective analysis, we compared HIV/TB-coinfected patients with a cohort of HIV-positive patients. The incidence density rate (IDR) was calculated for active TB cases at different time points. Results During 2006–2017, 60 out of 4673 PLWH were diagnosed with active TB. Overall IDR was 0.181 cases/100 patient-years and ranged from 0.266 in 2006–2009 to 0.133 in 2014–2017. Patients originating from Sub-Saharan Africa had a significantly (p Læs mere Tjek på PubMed3 HIV-1 Incidence, Adherence, and Drug Resistance in Individuals Taking Daily Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for HIV-1 Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Pooled Analysis From 72 Global Studies Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16.03.2024 Tilføjet 16.03.2024 Abstract Background Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (F/TDF) has high efficacy against HIV-1 acquisition. Seventy-two prospective studies of daily oral F/TDF PrEP were conducted to evaluate HIV-1 incidence, drug resistance, adherence, and bone and renal safety in diverse settings.Methods HIV-1 incidence was calculated from incident HIV-1 diagnoses after PrEP initiation and within 60 days of discontinuation. Tenofovir concentration in dried blood spots (DBS), drug resistance, and bone/renal safety indicators were evaluated in a subset of studies.Results Among 17,274 participants, there were 101 cases with new HIV-1 diagnosis (0.77 per 100 person-years; 95% CI 0.63–0.94). In 78 cases with resistance data, 18 (23%) had M184I or V, one (1.3%) had K65R, and three (3.8%) had both mutations. In 54 cases with tenofovir concentration data from DBS, 45 (83.3%), 2 (3.7%), 6 (11.1%), and 1 (1.9%) had average adherence of Læs mere Tjek på PubMed4 Integrated chronic care models for people with comorbid of HIV and non-communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review Rumbidzai Chireshe, Tawanda Manyangadze, Keshena Naidoo PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.03.2024 Tilføjet 15.03.2024 by Rumbidzai Chireshe, Tawanda Manyangadze, Keshena Naidoo Background Integrated health care is an approach characterized by a high degree of collaboration and communication among health professionals. Integration of HIV/NCD is recommended to enhance the quality of healthcare services being provided. Duplication of limited resources is minimized, and a holistic care approach is promoted by shifting from acute and reactive care to care that embraces patient-centredness that includes promotive health and disease surveillance. The high burden of HIV disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) combined with the increasing prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) necessitates a review of how health systems has been doing to deliver quality integrated care for people living with HIV (PLWH) and comorbid chronic NCDs. Methods A scoping review was conducted to identify and describe all publications on integrated chronic care management models at the primary care level in the SSA context, particularly those that addressed the care of PLHIV with co-morbid chronic NCDs. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, and duplicates were removed. Results A total of twenty-one articles were included in the final review. Integrated healthcare systems were reported in only eight SSA countries–(South Africa, Uganda, Kenya, the United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe and Swaziland). Integrated care systems adopted one of three health models. These included added-on NCD services to previously dedicated HIV care facilities, expansion of primary care facilities to include HIV care and establishment of integrated care services. Short-term benefits included staff capacitation, improved retention of patients and improved screening and detection of NCDs. However, the expansion of existing services resulted in an increased workload with no additional staff. A significant positive change noted by communities was that there was less or no stigmatisation of people living with HIV when attending dedicated HIV clinics. Conclusion Evidence of integrated healthcare services for PLWH and co-morbid of NCDs in SSA is scanty. Data on some short-term benefits of integrated care was available, but evidence was absent on the long-term outcomes. Randomized clinical trials with clearly defined comparator groups and standardized measures of HIV and NCD outcomes are needed to demonstrate non-inferiority of integrated against non-integrated care. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed5 Do HIV Care Outcomes Differ by Provider Type? Weiser, John; Tie, Yunfeng; Crim, Stacy M.; Riedel, David J.; Shouse, R. Luke; Dasgupta, Sharoda Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 15.03.2024 Tilføjet 15.03.2024 Background: We compared HIV care outcomes by HIV provider type to inform efforts to strengthen the HIV provider workforce. Setting: U.S. Methods: We analyzed data from CDC’s Medical Monitoring Project collected during 6/2019-5/2021 from 6,323 adults receiving HIV medical care. Provider types were infectious disease physicians only (ID physicians), non-ID physicians only (non-ID physicians), nurse practitioners only (NPs), physician assistants only (PAs), and ID physicians plus NPs and/or PAs (mixed providers). We measured patient characteristics, social determinants of health (SDOH), and clinical outcomes including retention in care; antiretroviral therapy prescription; antiretroviral therapy adherence; viral suppression; gonorrhea, chlamydia, and syphilis testing; satisfaction with HIV care; and HIV provider trust. Results: Compared with patients of ID physicians, higher percentages of patients of other provider types had characteristics and SDOH associated with poor health outcomes and received HIV care at Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded facilities. After accounting for these differences, most outcomes were not meaningfully different, however higher percentages of patients of non-ID physicians, NPs, and mixed providers were retained in care (6.5, 5.6, and 12.7 percentage points, respectively) and had STI testing in the past 12 months, if sexually active (6.9, 7.4, and 13.5 percentage points, respectively). Conclusion: Most HIV outcomes were equivalent across provider types. However, patients of non-ID physicians, NPs, and mixed providers were more likely to be retained in care and have recommended STI testing. Increasing delivery of comprehensive primary care by ID physicians and including primary care providers in ID practices could improve HIV primary care outcomes. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed6 Inflammatory markers in pregnancy are associated with postpartum weight in South African women living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy Madlala, Hlengiwe P.; Myer, Landon; Geffen, Hayli; Rusch, Jody; Shey, Muki S.; Meyer, Demi; Goedecke, Julia H.; Malaba, Thokozile R.; Gray, Clive M.; Newell, Marie-Louise; Jao, Jennifer Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 15.03.2024 Tilføjet 15.03.2024 Background: Postpartum weight (PPW) contributes to long-term obesity, a growing concern in persons with HIV (PWH). We investigated whether inflammatory markers in pregnancy may be involved in postpartum (PP) obesity in PWH. Setting: A total of 57 pregnant PWH enrolled at ≤14 weeks gestation (T1) in Gugulethu antenatal care clinic in Cape Town and followed through 48 weeks PP were included. Methods: Plasma soluble (s) CD14, sCD163, leptin, tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR-1), resistin, adiponectin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were assayed in duplicate using the Luminex platform. We considered each inflammatory marker at T1 (n=57) and T3 (29-36 weeks gestation, n=31) as a separate exposure of interest. Linear mixed effects models were fit to examine whether each exposure was associated with average PPW and PPW trajectories; linear regression was used for associations with PPW change between T1 and 48 weeks. Results: Median age was 32 years (IQR, 29-35), 98% were multigravida, and 49% had a BMI≥30 kg/m2. Higher T1 sCD14 levels were associated with higher average weight through 48 weeks PP (ß = 0.002, p=0.04), and T3 sCD14 with higher PPW gain (ß = 0.007, p=0.04). Leptin (ß = 0.414, p Læs mere Tjek på PubMed7 Clinical features and outcomes of mpox in people with and without HIV: a national comparative study Núñez, Isaac; Ceballos-Liceaga, Santa E.; Torre, Alethse de la; García-Rodríguez, Gabriel; López-Martínez, Irma; López-Gatell, Hugo; Mosqueda-Gómez, Juan L.; Valdés-Ferrer, Sergio Iván Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 15.03.2024 Tilføjet 15.03.2024 Background: People who live with HIV (PWLH) have been one of the most affected groups during the current mpox outbreak. They are hypothesized to have a more severe clinical course than people without HIV but comparative data is scarce. We aimed to compare clinical features and outcomes of mpox in people with and without HIV in Mexico. Setting: Country-wide study in Mexico. Methods: We performed an observational study using nation-wide epidemiological data. We included all people with confirmed mpox diagnosed between May and November 2022 in Mexico. Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics were compared between people with and without HIV. Multivariable logistic regression models were preformed to determine the association between HIV, clinical features, and outcomes and reported with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). ORs for rare outcomes were interpreted as risk ratios. Results: Among 3291 people with mpox, 59% were PWLH. PWLH had an increased risk of severe mpox (OR 2.6, 2.4-2.9) and death (OR 10.8, 9.7-11.9). They also had a higher risk of otalgia, proctitis, and urethritis. Eleven individuals died, of whom ten were PWLH. All deaths were directly attributed to mpox. Conclusion: People with HIV have a higher risk of severe mpox and death due to mpox. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed8 HIV protease resistance mutations in patients receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Libreville, Gabon BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.03.2024 Tilføjet 15.03.2024 Abstract Introduction In 2022, the WHO reported that 29.8 million people around the world were living with HIV (PLHIV) and receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), including 25 375 people in Gabon (54% of all those living with HIV in the country). The literature reports a frequency of therapeutic failure with first-line antiretrovirals (ARVs) of between 20% and 82%. Unfortunately, data relating to the failure of second-line ARVs are scarce in Gabon. This study aims to determine the profiles of HIV drug resistance mutations related to protease inhibitors in Gabon. Methodology Plasma from 84 PLHIV receiving ARVs was collected from 2019 to 2021, followed by RNA extraction, amplification, and sequencing of the protease gene. ARV resistance profiles were generated using the Stanford interpretation algorithm version 8.9-1 (https://hivdb.stanford.edu) and statistical analyses were performed using EpiInfo software version 7.2.1.0 (CDC, USA). Results Of 84 HIV plasma samples collected from 45 men and 39 women, 342 mutations were detected. Of these, 43.3% (148/342) were associated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), 30.4% (104/342) with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and 26.3% (90/342) with protease inhibitors (PIs). Most NRTI mutations were associated with thymidine analogues (TAMs) (50.7%; 75/148), including T215F/V (14.9%; 22/148), D67DN/E/G/N/T (10.1%; 15/148), M41L (9.5%; 14/148), and K70E/KN/S/R (9.5%; 14/148). Resistance mutations related to non-TAM NRTIs (33.1%; 49/148) were M184V (29.1%; 43/148), and L74I/V (8.1%; 12/148). NNRTI mutations were predominantly K103N/S (32.7%; 34/104), V108I (10.6%; 11/104), A98G (10.6%; 11/104), and P225H (9.6%; 10/104). Minor mutations associated with PIs (60.0%; 54/90) were predominantly K20I (15.6%; 14/90) and L10F/I/V (14.5%; 13/90). The major mutations associated with PIs (40.0%; 36/90) were M41L (12.2%; 11/90), I84V (6.7%; 06/90), and V82A (6.7%; 06/90). The four most prescribed therapeutic regimens were TDF + 3TC + LPV/r (20.3%; 17/84), ABC + DDI + LPV/r (17.9%; 15/84), TDF + FTC + LPV/r (11.9%; 10/84), and ABC + 3TC + LPV/r (11.9%; 10/84). Conclusion This study revealed that HIV drug resistance mutations are common in Gabon. The major mutations associated with PIs were M41L, I84V, and V82A. There is a need for access to new NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PIs for a better therapeutic management of PLHIV in Gabon. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed9 Efficacy and effect on lipid profiles of switching to ainuovirine-based regimen versus continuing efavirenz-based regimen in people with HIV-1: 24-week results from a real-world, retrospective, multi-center cohort study Chunmei WangXiaoli YuYingchun KeYanhua FuYanhe LuoYing LiYanmei BiXingqiong ChenLinghua LiXiuhong ZhaoZhong Chen1Department of Dermatology, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China2Department of Infection and Immunology with Chinese Integrative Medicine, Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China3Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China4Department of Infectious Disease, GuiYang Public Health Clinical Center, Guiyang, Guizhou, China5Department of Infection and Immunology, The First Hospital of Changsha City, Xiangya School of Medicine of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China6Department of Outpatient, Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, China, Miguel Angel Martinez Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.03.2024 Tilføjet 14.03.2024 10 Determinants of viral load suppression failure among HIV adults on ARV attending health care facilities: a retrospective study in Tanga region, Tanzania BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.03.2024 Tilføjet 14.03.2024 Abstract Background Availability and accessibility of Antiretroviral drugs (ARV’s) improve the lives of People living with HIV (PLHIV) by improving client’s immune system to overcome infections and prevent the development of AIDS and other HIV complications. Combination therapy, early initiation of ART, newer ART drugs, single dosage and drug affordability significantly contribute in the reduction of viral multiplication and suppression of HIV to undetectable plasma levels. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study design study was conducted from 1st October, 2018 to 30th June 2022 in all supported HIV care and treatment health facilities in Tanga region which were supported by Amref Health Africa, Tanzania. The participants were HIV adult patients aged 15 years and above on ART and attended the clinic at least once after ART initiation. Viral load suppression levels are defined with viral load 1,000cp/ml while 96% (57,213) were virally suppressed. Several factors were independently associated with virologic failure that included; age between 15 - Læs mere Tjek på PubMed11 Country uptake of WHO recommendations on differentiated HIV testing services approaches: a global policy review Kadye, T., Jamil, M. S., Johnson, C., Baggaley, R., Barr-DiChiara, M., Cambiano, V. BMJ Open, 14.03.2024 Tilføjet 14.03.2024 ObjectivesIn 2015 and 2016, WHO issued guidelines on HIV testing services (HTS) highlighting recommendations for a strategic mix of differentiated HTS approaches. The policy review examines the uptake of differentiated HTS approaches recommendations in national policies. MethodsData were extracted from national policies published between January 2015 and June 2019. The WHO-recommended HTS approaches included facility-based testing, community-based testing, HIV self-testing and provider-assisted referral (or assisted partner notification). Other supportive recommendations include pre-test information, post-test counselling, lay provider testing and rapid testing. Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine inclusion of recommendations in national policies. ResultsOf 194 countries worldwide, 65 published policies were identified; 24 WHO Africa region (AFR) countries (51%, 24/47), 21 WHO European region (EUR) (40%, 21/53), 6 WHO Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) (29%, 6/21), 5 Pan-American region (AMR) (14%, 5/35), 5 Western Pacific Region (WPR) (19%, 5/27) and 4 WHO South East Asia Region (SEAR) (36%, 4/11). Only five countries included all recommendations. 63 included a minimum of one. 85% (n=55) included facility-based testing for pregnant women, 75% (n=49) facility-based testing for key populations, 74% (n=48) community-based testing for key populations, 69% (n=45) rapid testing, 57% (n=37) post-test counselling, 45% (n=29) lay provider testing, 38% (n=25) HIV self-testing, 29% (n=19) pre-test information and 25% (n=16) provider-assisted referral. The proportion in each region that included at least one recommendation were: 100% AFR (24/47), 100% EMR (6/6), 100% AMR (5/5), 100% WPR (5/5), 100% SEAR (4/4) and 95% EUR (20/21). AFR followed by EMR included the highest number of reccomendations. ConclusionThere was substantial variability in the uptake of the WHO-differentiated HTS recommendations. Those in EMR included the most WHO-differentiated HTS recommendation followed by AFR. Countries within AMR included the least number of recommendations. Ongoing advocacy and efforts are needed to support the uptake of the WHO-differentiated HTS recommendations in country policies as well as their implementation. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed12 The trajectories of CD4 T lymphocytes over time in patients who have defaulted on treatment for tuberculosis in a cohort of people living with HIV, Recife/PE Rossana Cunha, Demócrito de B. M. Filho, Maria de Fátima P. M. Albuquerque, Heloísa R. Lacerda, George T. N. Diniz, Ulisses R. Montarroyos, Laura C. Rodrigues, Líbia Cristina R. Vilela Moura, Ricardo A. A. Ximenes PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 14.03.2024 Tilføjet 14.03.2024 by Rossana Cunha, Demócrito de B. M. Filho, Maria de Fátima P. M. Albuquerque, Heloísa R. Lacerda, George T. N. Diniz, Ulisses R. Montarroyos, Laura C. Rodrigues, Líbia Cristina R. Vilela Moura, Ricardo A. A. Ximenes Background The CD4 T lymphocyte count in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is a predictor for the progression of the disease (AIDS), survival and response to antiretroviral treatment (ART). A CD4 T lymphocyte count of less than 200 cells/mm3 is indicative of a greater risk for the onset of opportunistic diseases and death. Defaulting on treatment for tuberculosis (TB) may impact immune recovery in PLHIV who are taking ART. The aim of this study was to investigate an association of the CD4 lymphocyte with TB treatment Trajectory and with death. Methods A cohort of PLHIV over eighteen years of age and who were taking ART and who had defaulted on pulmonary TB treatment. Latent Class analysis was used to identify different trajectories of CD4 T lymphocyte counts over time. Results Latent class 1 (High CD4 trajectory) grouped individuals together who were characterized as maintaining a low probability (0 to 29%) of a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/mm3over time, while latent class 2 (Low CD4 trajectory) grouped individuals together with a high probability (93% to 60%), and latent class 3 (Fluctuating CD4 trajectory), grouped individuals with a fluctuating probability (66% to 0%). The chance of defaulting on treatment earlier (≤ 90 days) was four times higher in latent class 2 (Low CD4 trajectory). Although there was no statistical significance, there was a higher frequency of deaths in this same latent class. Conclusion Individuals with a high probability of a CD4 count ≤ 200 cells/ mm3 should be monitored in order to avoid treatment default and thereby prevent death. New studies should be conducted with a larger sample size and a longer follow-up time in PLHIV who initiated ART treatment early so as to support clinical decisions for a better understanding of immune behavior. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed13 Long or complicated mpox in patients with uncontrolled HIV infection Anaïs Corma‐Gómez, Alfonso Cabello, Eva Orviz, Miguel Morante‐Ruiz, Oskar Ayerdi, Aws Al‐Hayani, Ana Muñoz‐Gómez, Ignacio De Los Santos, Cristina Gómez‐Ayerbe, David Rodrigo, Sandra De la Rosa Riestra, Sergio Reus‐Bañuls, Ana Silva‐Klug, María José Galindo, Marta Santos, Miriam Serrano‐Fuentes, Naya Faro‐Míguez, Inés Pérez‐Camacho, Diana Corona‐Mata, Luis Morano, Miguel Ángel López‐Ruz, Marta Montero, Blanca Anaya‐Baz, Dolores Merino, Antonia Castillo‐Navarro, Juan A. Pineda, Juan Macías Journal of Medical Virology, 13.03.2024 Tilføjet 13.03.2024 14 Assessing the acceptability of, adherence to and preference for a dual prevention pill (DPP) for HIV and pregnancy prevention compared to oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and oral contraception taken separately: protocols for two randomised, controlled, cross-over studies in South Africa and Zimbabwe Friedland, B. A., Mgodi, N. M., Palanee-Phillips, T., Mathur, S., Plagianos, M. G., Bruce, I. V., Lansiaux, M., Murombedzi, C., Musara, P., Dandadzi, A., Reddy, K., Ndlovu, N., Zulu, S. K., Shale, L. R., Zieman, B., Haddad, L. B. BMJ Open, 13.03.2024 Tilføjet 13.03.2024 IntroductionOral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention method; however, uptake and persistence have been low among southern African women. A dual prevention pill (DPP) that combines PrEP with oral contraception (OC) may increase PrEP use and better meet women’s sexual and reproductive health needs. We will gauge the DPP’s acceptability in two cross-over clinical trials. Methods and analysisPC952 (Zimbabwe) and PC953 (South Africa) will compare acceptability, adherence and preference for an over-encapsulated DPP versus PrEP and OCs taken separately. HIV-negative, non-pregnant cisgender females in Johannesburg, South Africa (n=96, 16–40 years) and Harare, Zimbabwe (n=30, 16–24 years) will be randomised 1:1 to the order of regimens—DPP or two separate tablets—each used for three 28-day cycles, followed by a 6-month choice period in South Africa. Monthly clinic visits include HIV and pregnancy testing; safety assessments and risk reduction and adherence counselling. We will assess adherence (monthly) based on tenofovir diphosphate drug levels in dried blood spots and by self-report. We will evaluate acceptability (monthly) and preference (end of cross-over) via computer-assisted self-interviewing and in-depth interviews with a subset of participants. Data collection started in September 2022 and ended in January 2024. Ethics and disseminationPC952 was approved by the Ministry of Health and Child Care, Medical Research Council, Research Council and Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe; the Chitungwiza City Health Ethics Committee; and the Joint Research Ethics Committee for the University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals. PC953 was approved by the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority and the University of the Witwatersrand’s Human Research Ethics Committee. The Population Council IRB approved both studies. We will disseminate results in open-access journals, clinical trials registries, and at local and international meetings and conferences. Trial registration numbersNCT04778514, NCT04778527. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed15 Experience of social harms among female sex workers following HIV self-test distribution in Malawi: results of a cohort study BMC Infectious Diseases, 12.03.2024 Tilføjet 12.03.2024 Abstract Background In Malawi, female sex workers (FSW) have high HIV incidence and regular testing is suggested. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a safe and acceptable alternative to standard testing services. This study assessed; whether social harms were more likely to be reported after HIVST distribution to FSW by peer distributors than after facility-based HIV testing and whether FSW regretted HIVST use or experienced associated relationship problems. Methods Peer HIVST distributors, who were FSW, were recruited in Blantyre district, Malawi between February and July 2017. Among HIVST recipients a prospective cohort was recruited. Interviews were conducted at baseline and at end-line, 3 months later. Participants completed daily sexual activity diaries. End-line data were analysed using logistic regression to assess whether regret or relationship problems were associated with HIVST use. Sexual activity data were analysed using Generalised Estimating Equations to assess whether HIVST use was temporally associated with an increase in social harms. Results Of 265 FSW recruited and offered HIVST, 131 completed both interviews. Of these, 31/131(23.7%) reported initial regret after HIVST use, this reduced to 23/131(17.6%) at the 3-month follow-up. Relationship problems were reported by 12/131(9.2%). Regret about HIVST use was less commonly reported in those aged 26–35 years compared to those aged 16–25 years (OR immediate regret—0.40 95% CI 0.16–1.01) (OR current regret—0.22 95% CI 0.07 – 0.71) and was not associated with the HIVST result. There was limited evidence that reports of verbal abuse perpetrated by clients in the week following HIVST use were greater than when there was no testing in the preceding week. There was no evidence for increases in any other social harms. There was some evidence of coercion to test, most commonly initiated by the peer distributor. Conclusions Little evidence was found that the peer distribution model was associated with increased levels of social harms, however programmes aimed at reaching FSW need to carefully consider possible unintended consequences of their service delivery approaches, including the potential for peer distributors to coerce individuals to test or disclose their test results and alternative distribution models may need to be considered. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed16 Impact Of Low-Frequency HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations On Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.03.2024 Tilføjet 12.03.2024 Abstract Background The association between low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) and treatment failure (TF) is controversial. We explore this association using NGS methods that accurately sample low-frequency DRMs.Methods We enrolled women with HIV-1 in Malawi who were either ART naïve (A), had ART failure (B), or had discontinued ART (C). At entry, A and C began an NNRTI-based regimen and B started a PI-based regimen. We used Primer ID MiSeq to identify regimen-relevant DRMs in entry and TF plasma samples, and a Cox proportional hazards model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for entry DRMs. Low-frequency DRMs were defined as ≤ 20%.Results We sequenced 360 participants. Cohort B and C participants were more likely to have TF than Cohort A participants. The presence of K103N at entry significantly increased TF risk among A and C participants at both high and low frequency, with HR of 3.12 [1.58-6.18, 95% CI] and 2.38 [1.00-5.67, 95% CI] respectively. At TF, 45% of participants showed selection of DRMs while in the remaining participants there was an apparent lack of selective pressure from ART.Conclusions Using accurate NGS for DRM detection may benefit an additional 10% of the patients by identifying low-frequency K103N mutations. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed17 Experience of social harms among female sex workers following HIV self-test distribution in Malawi: results of a cohort study BMC Infectious Diseases, 12.03.2024 Tilføjet 12.03.2024 Abstract Background In Malawi, female sex workers (FSW) have high HIV incidence and regular testing is suggested. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a safe and acceptable alternative to standard testing services. This study assessed; whether social harms were more likely to be reported after HIVST distribution to FSW by peer distributors than after facility-based HIV testing and whether FSW regretted HIVST use or experienced associated relationship problems. Methods Peer HIVST distributors, who were FSW, were recruited in Blantyre district, Malawi between February and July 2017. Among HIVST recipients a prospective cohort was recruited. Interviews were conducted at baseline and at end-line, 3 months later. Participants completed daily sexual activity diaries. End-line data were analysed using logistic regression to assess whether regret or relationship problems were associated with HIVST use. Sexual activity data were analysed using Generalised Estimating Equations to assess whether HIVST use was temporally associated with an increase in social harms. Results Of 265 FSW recruited and offered HIVST, 131 completed both interviews. Of these, 31/131(23.7%) reported initial regret after HIVST use, this reduced to 23/131(17.6%) at the 3-month follow-up. Relationship problems were reported by 12/131(9.2%). Regret about HIVST use was less commonly reported in those aged 26–35 years compared to those aged 16–25 years (OR immediate regret—0.40 95% CI 0.16–1.01) (OR current regret—0.22 95% CI 0.07 – 0.71) and was not associated with the HIVST result. There was limited evidence that reports of verbal abuse perpetrated by clients in the week following HIVST use were greater than when there was no testing in the preceding week. There was no evidence for increases in any other social harms. There was some evidence of coercion to test, most commonly initiated by the peer distributor. Conclusions Little evidence was found that the peer distribution model was associated with increased levels of social harms, however programmes aimed at reaching FSW need to carefully consider possible unintended consequences of their service delivery approaches, including the potential for peer distributors to coerce individuals to test or disclose their test results and alternative distribution models may need to be considered. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed18 Nationwide Longitudinal Annual Survey of HIV/AIDS Referral Hospitals in Japan From 1999-2021: Trend in Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers Among HIV-1-Infected Individuals Tanaka, Takeshi; Oshima, Kazuhiro; Kawano, Kei; Tashiro, Masato; Kakiuchi, Satoshi; Tanaka, Akitaka; Fujita, Ayumi; Ashizawa, Nobuyuki; Tsukamoto, Misuzu; Yasuoka, Akira; Teruya, Katsuji; Izumikawa, Koichi Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.03.2024 Tilføjet 8.03.2024 Background: Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancers (NADCs) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have recently attracted attention because of the improved survival of this patient population. To obtain accurate data, a longitudinal study is warranted for the nationwide surveillance of the current status and national trend of NADCs in patients infected with HIV in Japan. Setting: An annual nationwide surveillance of NADCs in patients infected with HIV-1 in Japan from 1999 to 2021. Methods: An annual questionnaire was sent to 378 HIV/AIDS referral hospitals across Japan to collect data (clusters of differentiation 4-positive lymphocytes, time of onset, outcomes, and antiretroviral therapy status) of patients diagnosed with any of the NADCs between 1999and 2021. Results: The response and case-capture rates for the questionnaires in 2021 were 37.8% and 81.2%, respectively. The number of reported NADC cases subsequently increased since the beginning of this study. Evaluation of the case counts of NADCs demonstrated a high incidence of lung, colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers as the top four cancers. Pancreatic cancer (0.63), lung cancer (0.49), and leukemia (0.49) had the highest mortality rates among the NADCs. Trends of NADCs in terms of transmission routes were maintained over the years in men who have sex with men compared to heterosexual males and females. Conclusion: We demonstrated an increasing trend in the incidence of NADCs over a period of 23 years in Japan. The current data highlighted the importance of raising awareness regarding cancer management for patients infected with HIV in Japan. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed19 Advanced HIV Disease in East Africa and Nigeria, in The African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) Oboho, Ikwo K.; Esber, Allahna L.; Dear, Nicole; Paulin, Heather N.; Iroezindu, Michael; Bahemana, Emmanuel; Kibuuka, Hannah; Owuoth, John; Maswai, Jonah; Shah, Neha; Crowell, Trevor A.; Ake, Julie A.; Polyak, Christina S. on behalf ofthe AFRICOS Study Group Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.03.2024 Tilføjet 8.03.2024 Background: Earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) may decrease progression to advanced HIV disease (AHD) with CD4 Læs mere Tjek på PubMed20 Effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on ART initiation and access to HIV viral load monitoring in adults living with HIV in West Africa: a regression discontinuity analysis Ben Farhat, Jihane; TiendrebeogoMD, Thierry; Malateste, Karen; Poda, Armel; Minga, Albert; Messou, Eugène; Chenal, Henri; Ezechi, Oliver; Ofotokun, Igho; Ekouevi, Didier k; Bonnet, Fabrice; Barger, Diana; Jaquet, Antoine Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.03.2024 Tilføjet 8.03.2024 Objectives: Efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic have potentially compromised the availability and/or quality of HIV services. We aimed to assess the pandemic’s impact on ART initiation and HIV viral load (VL) monitoring in three West African countries. Methods: We used routinely collected data from five clinics contributing to the IeDEA collaboration in Burkina Faso, Côte d\'Ivoire and Nigeria. We included ART-naïve adults living with HIV (ALWH) initiating ART from 01/01/2018. We conducted regression discontinuity analysis to estimate changes in the number of ART initiations and VL measures per week, before and during the pandemic period in each country. Results: In clinics in Burkina Faso and Côte d’Ivoire, ART initiations per week remained constant throughout the studied periods (-0.24 points (p) of ART initiations/week 95%CI -5.5, 5.9, -0.9 p 95%CI -8.5,8.6, respectively), whereas in Nigeria’s clinic, they decreased significantly (-6.3 p, 95% CI -10.8, -1.7) after the beginning of the pandemic. The volume of VL tests performed decreased significantly in all three countries (-17.0 p 95%CI -25.3, -8.6 in Burkina Faso, -118.4 p 95%CI -171.1, -65.8 in Côte d’Ivoire and -169.1p 95%CI-282.6, -55.6 in Nigeria). Conclusions: Access to ART was maintained for newly diagnosed ALWH despite pandemic-related physical/social distancing measures. However, VL monitoring was severely disrupted and did not return to pre-pandemic levels approximately one year after the beginning of the pandemic. While HIV services in West Africa appear rather resilient, the impact of disruptions in VL monitoring on virological and clinical outcomes should continue to be monitored. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Læs mere Tjek på PubMed |
Referencer 1 HIV-Associated Cancers and Related Diseases. N Engl J Med 2018; 378(11):1029-1041
Yarchoan R, Uldrick TS
Clusters of cases of pneumocystis pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma in New York and California in men who had sex with men were early harbingers of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic. The syndrome was also soon noted to be associated with a high incidence of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. As the AIDS definition crystallized, Kaposi’s sarcoma, aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and invasive cervical cancer were considered to be AIDS-defining cancers when they developed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Additional cancers are now known to be associated with HIV (Table 1). The term HIV-associated cancer is used here to describe this larger group of cancers (both AIDS-defining and non–AIDS-defining cancers) that have an increased incidence among patients with HIV infection. In addition, incidental cancers also may develop in patients with HIV infection. PMID: 295392832 Benefits and Risks of Antiretroviral Therapy for Perinatal HIV Prevention. N Engl J Med 2016; 375(18):1726-1737
Fowler MG, Qin M, Fiscus SA, Currier JS, Flynn PM, Chipato T, McIntyre J, Gnanashanmugam D, Siberry GK, Coletti AS, Taha TE, Klingman KL, Martinson FE, Owor M, Violari A, Moodley D, Theron GB, Bhosale R, Bobat R, Chi BH, Strehlau R, Mlay P, Loftis AJ, Browning R, Fenton T, Purdue L, Basar M, Shapiro DE, Mofenson LM
Randomized-trial data on the risks and benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as compared with zidovudine and single-dose nevirapine to prevent transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in HIV-infected pregnant women with high CD4 counts are lacking. PMID: 278062433 Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Early Asymptomatic HIV Infection. N Engl J Med 2015; 373(9):795-807
Lundgren JD, Babiker AG, Gordin F, Emery S, Grund B, Sharma S, Avihingsanon A, Cooper DA, Fätkenheuer G, Llibre JM, Molina JM, Munderi P, Schechter M, Wood R, Klingman KL, Collins S, Lane HC, Phillips AN, Neaton JD
Data from randomized trials are lacking on the benefits and risks of initiating antiretroviral therapy in patients with asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who have a CD4+ count of more than 350 cells per cubic millimeter. PMID: 261928734 Inhibition of HIV-1 disease progression by contemporaneous HIV-2 infection. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(3):224-32
Esbjörnsson J, Månsson F, Kvist A, Isberg PE, Nowroozalizadeh S, Biague AJ, da Silva ZJ, Jansson M, Fenyö EM, Norrgren H, Medstrand P
Progressive immune dysfunction and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) develop in most persons with untreated infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) but in only approximately 20 to 30% of persons infected with HIV type 2 (HIV-2); among persons infected with both types, the natural history of disease progression is poorly understood. PMID: 228089575 Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(5):399-410
Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, Mugo NR, Campbell JD, Wangisi J, Tappero JW, Bukusi EA, Cohen CR, Katabira E, Ronald A, Tumwesigye E, Were E, Fife KH, Kiarie J, Farquhar C, John-Stewart G, Kakia A, Odoyo J, Mucunguzi A, Nakku-Joloba E, Twesigye R, Ngure K, Apaka C, Tamooh H, Gabona F, Mujugira A, Panteleeff D, Thomas KK, Kidoguchi L, Krows M, Revall J, Morrison S, Haugen H, Emmanuel-Ogier M, Ondrejcek L, Coombs RW, Frenkel L, Hendrix C, Bumpus NN, Bangsberg D, Haberer JE, Stevens WS, Lingappa JR, Celum C
Antiretroviral preexposure prophylaxis is a promising approach for preventing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in heterosexual populations. PMID: 227840376 Effect of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy for HIV on survival. N Engl J Med 2009; 360(18):1815-26
Kitahata MM, Gange SJ, Abraham AG, Merriman B, Saag MS, Justice AC, Hogg RS, Deeks SG, Eron JJ, Brooks JT, Rourke SB, Gill MJ, Bosch RJ, Martin JN, Klein MB, Jacobson LP, Rodriguez B, Sterling TR, Kirk GD, Napravnik S, Rachlis AR, Calzavara LM, Horberg MA, Silverberg MJ, Gebo KA, Goedert JJ, Benson CA, Collier AC, Van Rompaey SE, Crane HM, McKaig RG, Lau B, Freeman AM, Moore RD
The optimal time for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy for asymptomatic patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is uncertain. PMID: 193397147 An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic. Nature 1998; 391(6667):594-7
Zhu T, Korber BT, Nahmias AJ, Hooper E, Sharp PM, Ho DD
There is considerable genetic diversity among viruses of different subtypes (designated A to J) in the major group of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the form of HIV that is dominant in the global epidemic. If available, HIV-1 sequences pre-dating the recognition of AIDS could be crucial in defining the time of origin and the subsequent evolution of these viruses in humans. The oldest known case of HIV-1 infection was reported to be that of a sailor from Manchester who died of an AIDS-like illness in 1959; however, the authenticity of this case has not been confirmed. Genetic analysis of sequences from clinical materials obtained from 1971 to 1976 from members of a Norwegian family infected earlier than 1971 showed that they carried viruses of the HIV-1 outlier group, a variant form that is mainly restricted to West Africa. Here we report the amplification and characterization of viral sequences from a 1959 African plasma sample that was previously found to be HIV-1 seropositive. Multiple phylogenetic analyses not only authenticate this case as the oldest known HIV-1 infection, but also place its viral sequence near the ancestral node of subtypes B and D in the major group, indicating that these HIV-1 subtypes, and perhaps all major-group viruses, may have evolved from a single introduction into the African population not long before 1959. PMID: 94681388 Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 1983; 220(4599):868-71
Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, Dauguet C, Axler-Blin C, Vézinet-Brun F, Rouzioux C, Rozenbaum W, Montagnier L
A retrovirus belonging to the family of recently discovered human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLV), but clearly distinct from each previous isolate, has been isolated from a Caucasian patient with signs and symptoms that often precede the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This virus is a typical type-C RNA tumor virus, buds from the cell membrane, prefers magnesium for reverse transcriptase activity, and has an internal antigen (p25) similar to HTLV p24. Antibodies from serum of this patient react with proteins from viruses of the HTLV-I subgroup, but type-specific antisera to HTLV-I do not precipitate proteins of the new isolate. The virus from this patient has been transmitted into cord blood lymphocytes, and the virus produced by these cells is similar to the original isolate. From these studies it is concluded that this virus as well as the previous HTLV isolates belong to a general family of T-lymphotropic retroviruses that are horizontally transmitted in humans and may be involved in several pathological syndromes, including AIDS. PMID: 61891839 Update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1982; 31(37):507-8, 513-4 |
Fredericia
Torsdag d. 21. marts
Online
Onsdag d. 3. april
Nyborg Strand
Tirsdag d. 16. april
World Sepsis Congress Spotlight 2024
Online
Tirsdag d. 23. april
European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) 2024
Barcelona, Spanien
Lørdag d. 27. april
Retningslinjer for screening og profylakse før behandling med biologiske lægemidler (2023)
Tilføjet 9. januar 2024
Antiretroviral behandling af HIV-smittede personer (2024)
Tilføjet 9. januar 2024
Vejledning til udformning af guidelines for dansk selskab for infektionsmedicin (2024)
Tilføjet 5. januar 2024
COVID-19 retningslinjer (2023v27)
Tilføjet 13. december 2023
CVID udredning og opfølgning (2023)
Tilføjet 1. december 2023
We should not downplay the risks that doxycycline PEP will select for AMR
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Tilføjet 19. marts 2024
PLoS One Infectious Diseases
Tilføjet 19. marts 2024
Malaria Journal
Tilføjet 19. marts 2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Tilføjet 19. marts 2024
BMC Infectious Diseases
Tilføjet 18. marts 2024
Udvalgt og kommenteret af Professor Troels Lillebæk
Tilføjet 29. november 2023
Hydrocortisone in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia.
Udvalgt og kommenteret af Professor Lars Østergaard
Tilføjet 27. september 2023
Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers.
Udvalgt og kommenteret af Professor Niels Obel
Tilføjet 27. september 2023
Udvalgt og kommenteret af Professor Troels Lillebæk
Tilføjet 22. september 2023
New Approaches to Chronic Hepatitis B.
Udvalgt og kommenteret af Professor Nina Weis
Tilføjet 19. januar 2023
Akut bakteriel meningitis (2018)
Uploadet 12. maj 2021
COVID-19 retningslinjer (2023v27)
Uploadet 13. december 2023
Uploadet 13. maj 2021
Guidelines for diagnostik og behandling af spondylodiskitis (2018)
Uploadet 12. maj 2021
Influenza retningslinjer (2022)
Uploadet 22. november 2022
Nyhedsbrev
Skriv din email adresse og modtag nyheder om hjemmesiden.
© 2024 Dansk Selskab for Infektionsmedicin
CVR: 33634307
www.infmed.dk Version: 2.12.2 PHP version: 8.0.30 Design: Christian Philip Fischer Side indlæst på 7.106 s