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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (vaccination) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
420 emner vises.
Espoir Bwenge Malembaka, Patrick Musole Bugeme, Chloe Hutchins, Hanmeng Xu, Juan Dent Hulse, Maya N Demby, Karin Gallandat, Jaime Mufitini Saidi, Baron Bashige Rumedeka, Moïse Itongwa, Esperance Tshiwedi-Tsilabia, Faida Kitoga, Tavia Bodisa-Matamu, Hugo Kavunga-Membo, Justin Bengehya, Jean-Claude Kulondwa, Amanda K Debes, Nagède Taty, Elizabeth C Lee, Octavie Lunguya, Justin Lessler, Daniel T Leung, Oliver Cumming, Placide Welo Okitayemba, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Jackie Knee, Andrew S Azman
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
A single dose of Euvichol-Plus provided substantial protection against medically attended cholera for at least 36 months after vaccination in this cholera-endemic setting. Although the evidence provides support for similar levels of protection in young children and others in the short term, protection among children younger than 5 years might wane significantly during the third year after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartina Pálková, Ondřej Uhlík, Tomáš Apeltauer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
by Martina Pálková, Ondřej Uhlík, Tomáš Apeltauer Machine learning methods and agent-based models enable the optimization of the operation of high-capacity facilities. In this paper, we propose a method for automatically extracting and cleaning pedestrian traffic detector data for subsequent calibration of the ingress pedestrian model. The data was obtained from the waiting room traffic of a vaccination center. Walking speed distribution, the number of stops, the distribution of waiting times, and the locations of waiting points were extracted. Of the 9 machine learning algorithms, the random forest model achieved the highest accuracy in classifying valid data and noise. The proposed microscopic calibration allows for more accurate capacity assessment testing, procedural changes testing, and geometric modifications testing in parts of the facility adjacent to the calibrated parts. The results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on a violent-flows dataset. The proposed method has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of input model predictions and optimize the operation of high-capacity facilities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 17 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Ilham Saiful Fauzi, Nuning Nuraini, Ade Maya Sari, Imaniah Bazlina Wardani, Delsi Taurustiati, Purnama Magdalena Simanullang, Bony Wiem Lestari
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Abstract Background Whether human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers can develop sufficient humoral immunity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is unknown. Methods To investigate humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers, a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was conducted at five institutions in southwestern Japan, an endemic area for HTLV-1. HTLV-1 carriers and HTLV-1-negative controls were enrolled for this study from January to December 2022. During this period, the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was actively administered. HTLV-1 carriers were enrolled during outpatient visits, while HTLV-1-negative controls included health care workers and patients treated by participating institutions for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. The main outcome was the effect of HTLV-1 infection on the plasma anti-COVID-19 spike IgG (IgG-S) titers after the third dose, assessed by multivariate linear regression with other clinical factors. Results We analyzed 181 cases (90 HTLV-1 carriers, 91 HTLV-1-negative controls) after receiving the third dose. HTLV-1 carriers were older (median age 67.0 vs. 45.0 years, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDuncan, Maggie C.; Omondi, F. Harrison; Kinloch, Natalie N.; Lapointe, Hope R.; Speckmaier, Sarah; Moran-Garcia, Nadia; Lawson, Tanya; DeMarco, Mari L.; Simons, Janet; Holmes, Daniel T.; Lowe, Christopher F.; Bacani, Nic; Sereda, Paul; Barrios, Rolando; Harris, Marianne; Romney, Marc G.; Montaner, Julio S.G.; Brumme, Chanson J.; Brockman, Mark A.; Brumme, Zabrina L.
AIDS, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Objective: The immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign. Design: Longitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis. Methods: 62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations. Vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibodies in serum were measured using the Roche Elecsys Anti-S assay. HIV reservoirs were quantified using the Intact Proviral DNA Assay; pVL were measured using the cobas 6800 (LLOQ:20 copies/mL). The province-wide analysis included all 290,401 pVL performed in British Columbia, Canada between 2012-2022. Results: Pre-vaccination, the median intact reservoir size was 77 (IQR:20–204) HIV copies/million CD4+ T-cells, compared to 74 (IQR:27–212) and 65 (IQR:22–174) post-first and -second dose, respectively (all comparisons p>0.07). Pre-vaccination, 82% of participants had pVL 0.4). There was no evidence that the magnitude of the vaccine-elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike immune response influenced pVL nor changes in reservoir size (p > 0.6). We found no evidence linking the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign to population-level increases in detectable pVL frequency among all PWH in the province, nor among those who maintained pVL suppression on ART. Conclusion: We found no evidence that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induced changes in HIV reservoir size nor plasma viremia. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNan HuoShipo WuYudong WangBusen WangZhe ZhangJinlong ZhangXiaohong SongLihua HouWei ChenBeijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Dominique Guillaume, Dur-e-Nayab Waheed, Meike Schleiff, Kirthini Kasi Muralidharan, Alex Vorsters, Rupali J. Limaye
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
by Dominique Guillaume, Dur-e-Nayab Waheed, Meike Schleiff, Kirthini Kasi Muralidharan, Alex Vorsters, Rupali J. Limaye Achieving WHO cervical cancer elimination goals will necessitate efforts to increase HPV vaccine access and coverage in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Although LMICs account for the majority of cervical cancer cases globally, scale-up of HPV vaccine programs and progress toward coverage targets in LMICs has been largely insufficient. Understanding the barriers and facilitators that stakeholders face in the introduction and scale-up of HPV vaccination programs will be pivotal in ensuring that LMICs are equipped to optimize the implementation of HPV vaccination programs. This qualitative study interviewed 13 global stakeholders categorized as either academic partners or global immunization partners to ascertain perspectives regarding factors affecting the introduction and scale-up of HPV vaccination programs in LMICs. Global stakeholders were selected as their perspectives have not been as readily highlighted within the literature despite their key role in HPV vaccination programming. The results of this investigation identified upstream (e.g., financial considerations, vaccine prioritization, global supply, capacity and delivery, and vaccine accessibility, equity, and ethics) and downstream (e.g., vaccine acceptability and hesitancy, communications, advocacy, and social mobilization) determinants that impact program introduction and scale-up and confirmed that strong political commitment and governance are significant in garnering support for HPV vaccines. As LMICs introduce HPV vaccines into their national immunization programs and develop plans for scaling up vaccination efforts, strategic approaches to communications and advocacy will also be needed to successfully meet coverage targets.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
This Medical News story discusses the latest data on measles cases, deaths, and vaccination coverage worldwide.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLi Guo, Qiao Zhang, Xiaoying Gu, Lili Ren, Tingxuan Huang, Yanan Li, Hui Zhang, Ying Liu, Jingchuan Zhong, Xinming Wang, Lan Chen, Yin Zhang, Danyang Li, Meiyu Fang, Liuhui Xu, Haibo Li, Zai Wang, Hui Li, Tao Bai, Wen Liu, Yanchun Peng, Tao Dong, Bin Cao, Jianwei Wang
The Lancet Microbe, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
This study improves the understanding of the duration of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity without boosting, which has implications for the design of vaccination regimens and programmes. Our data suggest that memory T-cell responses primed by initial viral infection remain highly cross-reactive after 2 years. With the increasing emergence of variants, effective vaccines should be introduced to boost neutralising antibody and overall T-cell responses to newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTinsae Alemayehu, Benson Oguttu, Charles E. Rupprecht, Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
Human rabies (Sanskrit \'rabhas\', to do violence; Latin \'rabere\', to rage) is an ancient scourge which claims the lives of tens of thousands of people per year worldwide. Numbers of clinical cases and deaths are grossly under-reported due to diagnostic limitations in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) which are endemic for rabies [1,2]. Rabies remains a significant yet neglected public health problem, particularly in LMICs with children under 15 years of age representing 40% of annual fatalities [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background The Omicron wave of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains the dominant strain worldwide. The studies of nutritional status in geriatric people with COVID-19 Omicron variant are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of poor nutritional status among Omicron infected older patients, and to explore the correlation between the nutritional status and the severity of Omicron infection in older patients. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. According to the clinical symptoms, patients were divided into two groups: mild and moderate to severe. Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-SF) was conducted when patients were admitted and poor nutritional status was defined as MNA-SF score of 0–11. The inflammatory markers including neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were calculated and compared between two groups. Results Total of 324 patients were enrolled, with median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 73 (17) years. Overall, 241 cases were mild, 83 cases were moderate to severe at the time of diagnosis and that 54.3% of patients had poor nutritional status. Patients with poor nutritional status were found to be older (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHayes, R., Dakin, F., Smuk, M., Paparini, S., Apea, V., Dewsnap, C., Waters, L., Anderson, J., Orkin, C. M.
BMJ Open, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
ObjectiveTo understand the experiences and perceptions of sexual health professionals responding to the May 2022 mpox outbreak in the UK. DesignCross-sectional, anonymous, online survey collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Convenience sample recruited via an international network of sexual health and HIV clinicians responding to mpox and promoted through clinical associations and social media. Survey domains included: clinical workload; preparedness, support, and training; safety at work; vaccination; and well-being. Qualitative descriptive analysis of open-text responses was conducted to support interpretation of the quantitative data. ParticipantsParticipants who were employed as sexual health professionals in the UK and had direct clinical experience of mpox were included in the analysis. The survey was completed between 11 August and 31 October 2022 by 139 respondents, the majority of whom were doctors (72.7%), cis-female (70.5%) and White (78.4%). Results70.3% reported that they were required to respond to mpox in addition to their existing clinical responsibilities, with 46.8% working longer hours as a result. In the open-text data, respondents highlighted that workload pressures were exacerbated by a lack of additional funding for mpox, pre-existing pressures on sexual health services, and unrealistic expectations around capacity. 67.6% of respondents reported experiencing negative emotional impact due to their mpox work, with stress (59.0%), fatigue (43.2%) and anxiety (36.0%) being the most common symptoms. 35.8% stated that they were less likely to remain in their profession because of their experiences during the mpox outbreak. In the open-text data, these feelings were ascribed to post-COVID exhaustion, understaffing and frustration among some participants at the handling of the mpox response. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that sexual health services require increased funding and resources, along with evidence-based well-being interventions, to support sexual health professionals’ outbreak preparedness and recovery.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Abstract Background Pneumococcal disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of morbidity and mortality across all ages, particularly in younger children and older adults. Here, we describe pneumococcal disease hospitalizations at Ministry of Health (MoH) facilities in Malaysia between 2013 and 2015. Methods This was a retrospective databases analysis. Tabular data from the Malaysian Health Data Warehouse (MyHDW) were used to identify microbiologically confirmed, pneumococcal disease hospitalizations and deaths during hospitalization, using hospital-assigned ICD-10 codes (i.e., classified as meningitis, pneumonia, or non-meningitis non-pneumonia). Case counts, mortality counts, and case fatality rates were reported by patient age group and by Malaysian geographic region. Results A total of 683 pneumococcal disease hospitalizations were identified from the analysis: 53 pneumococcal meningitis hospitalizations (5 deaths and 48 discharges), 413 pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalizations (24 deaths and 389 discharges), and 205 non-meningitis non-pneumonia pneumococcal disease hospitalizations (58 deaths and 147 discharges). Most hospitalizations occurred in children aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndersen, K. M., McGrath, L. J., Reimbaeva, M., Mendes, D., Nguyen, J. L., Rai, K. K., Tritton, T., Tsang, C., Malhotra, D., Yang, J.
BMJ Open, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
ObjectiveTo create case definitions for confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses, COVID-19 vaccination status and three separate definitions of high risk of severe COVID-19, as well as to assess whether the implementation of these definitions in a cohort reflected the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 epidemiology in England. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingElectronic healthcare records from primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD) linked to secondary care data (Hospital Episode Statistics) data covering 24% of the population in England. Participants2 271 072 persons aged 1 year and older diagnosed with COVID-19 in CPRD Aurum between 1 August 2020 and 31 January 2022. Main outcome measuresAge, sex and regional distribution of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 vaccine doses received prior to diagnosis were assessed separately for the cohorts of cases identified in primary care and those hospitalised for COVID-19 (primary diagnosis code of ICD-10 U07.1 ‘COVID-19’). Smoking status, body mass index and Charlson Comorbidity Index were compared for the two cohorts, as well as for three separate definitions of high risk of severe disease used in the UK (National Health Service Highest Risk, PANORAMIC trial eligibility, UK Health Security Agency Clinical Risk prioritisation for vaccination). ResultsCompared with national estimates, CPRD case estimates under-represented older adults in both the primary care (age 65–84: 6% in CPRD vs 9% nationally) and hospitalised (31% vs 40%) cohorts, and over-represented people living in regions with the highest median wealth areas of England (20% primary care and 20% hospital admitted cases in South East vs 15% nationally). The majority of non-hospitalised cases and all hospitalised cases had not completed primary series vaccination. In primary care, persons meeting high-risk definitions were older, more often smokers, overweight or obese, and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score. ConclusionsCPRD primary care data are a robust real-world data source and can be used for some COVID-19 research questions, however, limitations of the data availability should be carefully considered. Included in this publication are supplemental files for a total of over 28 000 codes to define each of three definitions of high risk of severe disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLise Alves
Lancet, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Millions will be eligible as Brazil becomes the first country to include Qdenga in its public health system. Lise Alves reports from São Paulo.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 10.01.2024
Tilføjet 10.01.2024
Publication date: 9 January 2024 Source: Immunity, Volume 57, Issue 1 Author(s): Simone J.C.F.M. Moorlag, Lukas Folkman, Rob ter Horst, Thomas Krausgruber, Daniele Barreca, Linda C. Schuster, Victoria Fife, Vasiliki Matzaraki, Wenchao Li, Stephan Reichl, Vera P. Mourits, Valerie A.C.M. Koeken, L. Charlotte J. de Bree, Helga Dijkstra, Heidi Lemmers, Bram van Cranenbroek, Esther van Rijssen, Hans J.P.M. Koenen, Irma Joosten, Cheng-Jian Xu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMajid Eterafi, Nasrin Fouladi, Majid Golizadeh, Hamidreza Shaker, Somaieh Matin, Elham Safarzadeh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Majid Eterafi, Nasrin Fouladi, Majid Golizadeh, Hamidreza Shaker, Somaieh Matin, Elham Safarzadeh While the vaccination was introduced as a promising tool to control the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns about vaccine-related side effects had grown. Due to the widespread administration of the COVID-19 vaccine worldwide for the first time, it was necessary to evaluate the safety and potential side effects in recipients. This study aims to assess, the incidence of adverse effects following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccination and identify their related factors. In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 453 volunteers participated, including 235 men and 218 women. The reported adverse reactions from recipients of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccine were collected by using a questionnaire. The findings showed that the incidence of adverse reactions, such as neurological, systematic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and local symptoms were significantly higher after the first dose compared to the second dose. Systematic symptoms were the most prevalent reported side effects after the first and second dose injection. The demographical study of participants showed that individuals aged 18–34 and females were more prone to present adverse events following vaccination. However, no significant relationship was found between the occurrence of side effects and the recipients’ body mass index. Despite the life-saving role of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, it may have some adverse reactions in recipients. The severity and frequency of side effects were different. So, they were dependent on several factors, including gender and age. Altogether, post-vaccination adverse reactions were mild and tolerable.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaith A. I. K. Al-Kaif, Hussain Al-Ameri, Wael Rasheed Obaead Alfatlawi, Ammar Eesa Mahdi, Younis A. K. Al-Khafaji, Mohammad Abd-Kadhum Al-Saadi, Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, Raheem T. Al-Mammori, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Laith A. I. K. Al-Kaif, Hussain Al-Ameri, Wael Rasheed Obaead Alfatlawi, Ammar Eesa Mahdi, Younis A. K. Al-Khafaji, Mohammad Abd-Kadhum Al-Saadi, Alaa H. Al-Charrakh, Raheem T. Al-Mammori, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif Background Evaluating immune responses following COVID-19 vaccination is paramount to understanding vaccine effectiveness and optimizing public health interventions. This study seeks to elucidate individuals’ immune status after administering a second dose of diverse COVID-19 vaccines. By analyzing immune responses through serological markers, we aim to contribute valuable insights into the uniformity of vaccine performance. Methods A total of 80 participants were enrolled in this study, with demographic and COVID-19 infection-related data collected for categorization. Serum samples were acquired within a specified timeframe, and SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG rapid tests were conducted. Moreover, CTLA-4 levels were measured through ELISA assays, allowing us to assess the immune responses comprehensively. The participants were divided into eight groups based on various factors, facilitating a multifaceted analysis. Results The outcomes of our investigation demonstrated consistent immune responses across the diverse types of COVID-19 vaccines administered in Iraq. Statistical analysis revealed no significant distinctions among the vaccine categories. In contrast, significant differences were observed in CTLA-4 among the control group (non-infected/non-vaccinated, infected/non-vaccinated) and infected/Pfizer, non-infected/Pfizer, and infected/Sinopharm, non-infected/sinopharm (P = 0.001, < 0.001, 0.023, respectively). This suggests that these vaccines exhibit comparable effectiveness in eliciting an immune response among the study participants. Conclusions In conclusion, our study’s results underscore the lack of discriminatory variations between different COVID-19 vaccine types utilized in Iraq. The uniform immune responses observed signify the equitable efficacy and performance of these vaccines. Despite minor quantitative discrepancies, these variations do not hold statistical significance, reaffirming the notion that the various vaccines serve a similar purpose in conferring protection against COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Abstract Background Avian influenza viruses pose significant risk to human health. Vaccines targeting the hemagglutinin of these viruses are poorly immunogenic without the use of adjuvants.Methods Twenty healthy men and women (18-49 years of age) were randomized to receive two doses of inactivated influenza A/H5N1 vaccine alone (IIV) or with AS03 adjuvant (IIV-AS03) one month apart. Urine and serum samples were collected on day 0 and on days 1, 3, and 7 following first vaccination and subjected to metabolomics analyses to identify metabolites, metabolic pathways, and metabolite clusters associated with immunization.Results Seventy-three differentially abundant (DA) serum and 88 urine metabolites were identified for any post-vaccination day comparison. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of tryptophan, tyrosine and nicotinate metabolism in urine and serum among IIV-AS03 recipients. Increased urine abundance of 4-vinylphenol sulfate on Day 1 was associated with serologic response based on hemagglutination inhibition responses. In addition, 9 DA urine metabolites were identified in participants with malaise compared to those without.Conclusions Our findings suggest that tryptophan, tyrosine, and nicotinate metabolism are upregulated among IIV-AS03 recipients compared with IIV alone. Metabolites within these pathways may serve as measures of immunogenicity and may provide mechanistic insights for adjuvanted vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGagandeep Kang
Lancet, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
Vaccine equity has been at the forefront of print, television, and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science, technology, and manufacturing brought the world multiple successful vaccines on a range of platforms and in quantities that were inconceivable at the start of the pandemic. Despite the triumph of scientists, the vaccine industry, and governments, vaccine nationalism trumped the efforts of WHO, which established a prioritisation framework for vaccination of clinically vulnerable populations, and the COVAX facility, which was intended to ensure that vaccines could be financed and distributed equitably around the world.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLiqiong Jian, Xinyu Bai, Shaojuan Ma
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 5.01.2024
Tilføjet 5.01.2024
by Liqiong Jian, Xinyu Bai, Shaojuan Ma This paper mainly studies the dynamical behavior of the infectious disease model affected by white noise and Lévy noise. First, a stochastic model of infectious disease with secondary vaccination affected by noises is established. Besides, the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution for the stochastic model are proved based on stochastic differential equations and Lyapunov function, then the asymptotic behavior of the disease-free equilibrium point is studied. Moreover, the sufficient conditions for the extinction of the disease are obtained and the analysis showed that different noise intensity could affect the extinction of infectious disease on different degree. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation and some suggestions have been put forward on how to prevent the spread of diseases are presented.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
by Gabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska We examine the relationships between the perception of the scientific consensus regarding vaccines, and vaccine attitudes and intentions (N total = 2,362) in the context of COVID-19 disease. Based on the correlational evidence found (Study 1), perceived scientific consensus and vaccine attitudes are closely related. This association was stronger among people who trust (vs. distrust) scientists; however, political ideology did not moderate these effects. The experimental evidence (Studies 2–3) indicates that consensus messaging influences the perception of consensus; nonetheless, the effects on vaccine attitudes or intentions were non-significant. Furthermore, message aiming at reducing psychological reactance was similarly ineffective in changing attitudes as traditional consensus message.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStuart, B., Venekamp, R., Hounkpatin, H., Wilding, S., Moore, M., Little, P., Gulliford, M. C.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesInfections in primary care are often treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This study evaluates whether NSAID prescribing is associated with adverse outcomes for respiratory (RTIs) or urinary track (UTI) infections. ObjectivesTo determine whether there is an association between NSAID prescribing and the rate of adverse outcomes for infections for individual consulting in primary care. DesignCohort study of electronic health records. Setting87 general practices in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD. Participants142 925 patients consulting with RTI or UTI. Primary and secondary outcome measuresRepeat consultations, hospitalisation or death within 30 days of the initial consultation for RTI or UTI. Poisson models estimated the associations between NSAID exposure and outcome. Rate ratios were adjusted for gender, age, ethnicity, deprivation, antibiotic use, seasonal influenza vaccination status, comorbidities and general practice. Since prescribing variations by practice are not explained by case mix—hence, less impacted by confounding by indication—both individual-level and practice-level analyses are included. ResultsThere was an increase in hospital admission/death for acute NSAID prescriptions (RR 2.73, 95% CI 2.10 to 3.56) and repeated NSAID prescriptions (6.47, 4.46–9.39) in RTI patients, and for acute NSAID prescriptions for UTI (RR 3.03; 1.92 to 4.76). Practice-level analysis, controlling for practice population characteristics, found that for each percentage point increase in NSAID prescription, the percentages of hospital admission/death within 30 days increased by 0.32 percentage points (95% CI 0.16 to 0.47). ConclusionsIn this non-randomised study, prescription of NSAIDs at consultations for RTI or UTIs in primary care is infrequent but may be associated with increased risk of hospital admission. This supports other observational and limited trial data that NSAID prescribing might be associated with worse outcomes following acute infection and should be prescribed with caution.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHayes, E., Yogeeswaran, K., Zubielevitch, E., Lee, C. H. J., Cording, J., Sibley, C. G.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
ObjectivesVaccinations are an important preventative measure in reducing the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. However, concerns of undervaccination during childhood have become increasingly common. The current study aims to investigate changes in attitudes towards childhood vaccinations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using a national sample from New Zealand. DesignAge-based, period-based, and cohort-based changes were assessed using cohort-sequential latent growth modelling in 11 overlapping birth cohorts, which spanned the ages of 23–79 years. Setting and participantsData were taken from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study where 58 654 adults completed at least one wave across a 7-year period (2013 and 2015–2019). ResultsThe period-based and cohort-based models fit the data equally well (2(282)=8547.93, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background France implemented a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to manage the COVID-19 pandemic between September 2020 and June 2021. These included a lockdown in the fall 2020 – the second since the start of the pandemic – to counteract the second wave, followed by a long period of nighttime curfew, and by a third lockdown in the spring 2021 against the Alpha wave. Interventions have so far been evaluated in isolation, neglecting the spatial connectivity between regions through mobility that may impact NPI effectiveness. Methods Focusing on September 2020–June 2021, we developed a regionally-based epidemic metapopulation model informed by observed mobility fluxes from daily mobile phone data and fitted the model to regional hospital admissions. The model integrated data on vaccination and variants spread. Scenarios were designed to assess the impact of the Alpha variant, characterized by increased transmissibility and risk of hospitalization, of the vaccination campaign and alternative policy decisions. Results The spatial model better captured the heterogeneity observed in the regional dynamics, compared to models neglecting inter-regional mobility. The third lockdown was similarly effective to the second lockdown after discounting for immunity, Alpha, and seasonality (51% vs 52% median regional reduction in the reproductive number R0, respectively). The 6pm nighttime curfew with bars and restaurants closed, implemented in January 2021, substantially reduced COVID-19 transmission. It initially led to 49% median regional reduction of R0, decreasing to 43% reduction by March 2021. In absence of vaccination, implemented interventions would have been insufficient against the Alpha wave. Counterfactual scenarios proposing a sequence of lockdowns in a stop-and-go fashion would have reduced hospitalizations and restriction days for low enough thresholds triggering and lifting restrictions. Conclusions Spatial connectivity induced by mobility impacted the effectiveness of interventions especially in regions with higher mobility rates. Early evening curfew with gastronomy sector closed allowed authorities to delay the third wave. Stop-and-go lockdowns could have substantially lowered both healthcare and societal burdens if implemented early enough, compared to the observed application of lockdown-curfew-lockdown, but likely at the expense of several labor sectors. These findings contribute to characterize the effectiveness of implemented strategies and improve pandemic preparedness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is a primary prevention approach to preventing disease by disconnecting the transmission chain. The current study utilized a BASNEF model framework to identify factors influencing subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccination among older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the west of Iran in May 2022. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling. Finally, 1120 participants contributed to the present study. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: a) Socio-demographic characteristics, b) cognitive impairments tests, and c) Questionnaire about the subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on the BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using the software IBM AMOS-20 and SPSS-23 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-tests were used, too. The significance level of statistical tests was regarded as less than 0.05. Results The presented results of analyzing 50% of the variance of vaccination intention as the dependent variable (R square = 0.497) and 10% of the behavior variance as the dependent variable (R square = 0.104) can be explained based on the BASNEF model. The enabling factors (β = 0.636, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract In Southeast Asia malaria elimination is targeted by 2030. Cambodia aims to achieve this by 2025, driven in large part by the urgent need to control the spread of artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria infections. Rapid elimination depends on sustaining early access to diagnosis and effective treatment. In much of Cambodia, rapid elimination will rely on a village malaria worker (VMW) network. Yet as malaria declines and is no longer a common cause of febrile illness, VMWs may become less popular with febrile patients, as VMWs do not diagnose or treat other conditions at present. There is a risk that VMWs become inactive and malaria rebounds before the complete interruption of transmission is achieved. During 2021–23 a large-scale operational research study was conducted in western Cambodia to explore how a VMW network could be sustained by including health activities that cover non-malarial illnesses to encourage febrile patients to continue to attend. 105 VMWs received new rapid diagnostic tests (including dengue antigen–antibody and combined malaria/C-reactive protein tests), were trained in electronic data collection, and attended health education packages on hygiene and sanitation, disease surveillance and first aid, management of mild illness, and vaccination and antenatal care. In August 2023 the National Malaria Control Programme of Cambodia convened a stakeholder meeting in Battambang, Cambodia. Findings from the study were reviewed in the context of current malaria elimination strategies. The discussions informed policy options to sustain the relevance of the VMW network in Cambodia, and the potential for its integration with other health worker networks. This expansion could ensure VMWs remain active and relevant until malaria elimination is accomplished.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAntonio E. Pontiroli, Francesco Scovenna, Valentina Carlini, Elena Tagliabue, Jimmy Martin‐Delgado, Lucia La Sala, Elisabetta Tanzi, Ivan Zanoni
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Ramírez-Ortiz, Daisy; Jean-Gilles, Michele; Sheehan, Diana M.; Ladner, Robert; Li, Tan; Trepka, Mary Jo
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Background: Racial/ethnic minority groups with HIV in the United States are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences and can significantly benefit from increased uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This study identified factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV. Setting: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Methods: Data were collected from 299 RWP adult clients during January–March 2022 using a cross-sectional phone survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were weighted to be representative of the race/ethnicity and sex distribution of clients in the RWP. Results: Eighty-four percent of participants were fully vaccinated with a primary vaccine series; stratified by race/ethnicity, the percentages were 88.9% of Hispanic, 72.0% of Black/African American, and 67.5% of Haitian participants. Fully vaccinated participants were less likely to be Black/African American than Hispanic (aOR=0.18; 95% CI=0.05-0.67) and more likely to not endorse any misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines (aOR=8.26; 95% CI=1.38-49.64), to report encouragement to get vaccinated from sources of information (aOR=20.82; 95% CI=5.84-74.14), and to perceive that more than 50% of their social network was vaccinated (aOR=3.35; 95% CI=1.04-10.71). Experiences of healthcare discrimination, structural barriers to access vaccines, and recommendations from HIV providers were not associated with full vaccination. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of delivering accurate and positive messages about vaccines and engaging social networks to promote COVID-19 vaccination among PWH. This information can be leveraged to promote uptake of subsequent boosters and other recommended vaccines. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQianhui WuHongyu WangJianpeng CaiJingwen AiYang LiHaocheng ZhangSen WangFeng SunYanpeng WuJiaxin ZhouYan WangHongjie YuWenhong Zhanga School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Infectious Disease of Huashan Hospital, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinac Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/MOH) and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinad State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae National Clinical Research Centre for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Aapo KnuutilaTine DalbyNiina AhvenainenAlex-Mikael BarkoffCharlotte Sværke JørgensenKurt FuurstedJussi MertsolaQiushui Hea Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finlandb Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmarkc Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finlandd InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Lorenzo PiermatteoStefano D’AnnaAda BertoliMaria BellocchiLuca CariotiLavinia FabeniMohammad AlkhatibSimone La FraziaMiriam LichtnerClaudio MastroianniGiuseppe De SanctisMassimo MarignaniCaterina PasquazziNerio IapadreGiustino ParrutiGiuseppina CappielloJacopo VecchietVincenzo MalagninoSandro GrelliFrancesca Ceccherini-SilberteinMassimo AndreoniLoredana SarmatiValentina SvicherRomina Salpinia Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italyb Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italyc National Institute for Infectious Disease, IRCCS L. Spallanzani, Virology and Biosafety Laboratories Unit, Rome, Italyd Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italye “Umberto I” University Hospital, Rome, Italyf Department of Gastroenterology, “S. Andrea Hospital”, Rome, Italyg “San Salvatore Hospital”, L’Aquila, Italyh Infectious Diseases Unit, Pescara General Hospital, Pescara, Italyi Microbiology and Virology Unit, “S. Pertini” Hospital, Rome, Italyj Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italyk Infectious Diseases Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italyl Virology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Pingchao LiQian WangYizi HeChenchen YangZhengyuan ZhangZijian LiuBo LiuLi YinYilan CuiPeiyu HuYichu LiuPingqian ZhengWei WangLinbing QuCaijun SunSuhua GuanLiqiang FengLing Chena State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Laboratory of Computational Biomedicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangzhou Laboratory & Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Guangzhou nBiomed Ltd., Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Liguo ZhuNaiying MaoChanghua YiAidibai SimayiJialu FengYi FengMin HeSongning DingYin WangYan WangMingwei WeiJie HongChuchu LiHua TianLu ZhouJiefu PengShihan ZhangCi SongHui JinFengcai ZhuWenbo XuJun ZhaoChangjun Baoa NHC Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Chinab National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Chinac Nanjing Infectious Diseases Clinical Medical Center (The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine), Nanjing, P.R Chinad Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Chinae School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinag Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yangzhou, Pople's Republic of Chinah The Third People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Miao WangBing ZhouQing FanXinrong ZhouXuejiao LiaoJingyan LinZhenghua MaJingke DongHaiyan WangXiangyang GeBin JuZheng Zhanga Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinab Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinac Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Yi-Jyun ChenI-Feng LinJen-Hsiang ChuangHung-Ling HuangTa-Chien Chana Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwanb Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwanc Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwand Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwane Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwanf Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwang Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Guohua ZhongChunlan ZhuangXiaowen HuQi ChenZhaofeng BiXinhua JiaSiying PengYufei LiYue HuangQiufen ZhangYing HongYoulin QiaoYingying SuHuirong PanTing WuLihui WeiShoujie HuangJun ZhangNingshao Xiaa State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinab Xiang’an Biomedicine Laboratory, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinac Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company, Xiamen, People’s Republic of Chinad The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of Chinae National Cancer Center, National Center for Cancer Clinical Research, the Cancer Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinag The Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.12.2023
Tilføjet 29.12.2023
Abstract Background Low-frequency intrahost single-nucleotide variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been recognized as predictive indicators of selection. However, the impact of vaccination on the intrahost evolution of SARS-CoV-2 remains uncertain at present.Methods We investigated the genetic variation of SARS-CoV-2 in individuals who were unvaccinated, partially vaccinated, or fully vaccinated during Shanghai\'s Omicron BA.2.2 wave. We substantiated the connection between particular amino acid substitutions and immune-mediated selection through a pseudovirus neutralization assay or by cross-verification with the human leukocyte antigen–associated T-cell epitopes.Results In contrast to those with immunologic naivety or partial vaccination, participants who were fully vaccinated had intrahost variant spectra characterized by reduced diversity. Nevertheless, the distribution of mutations in the fully vaccinated group was enriched in the spike protein. The distribution of intrahost single-nucleotide variants in individuals who were immunocompetent did not demonstrate notable signs of positive selection, in contrast to the observed adaptation in 2 participants who were immunocompromised who had an extended period of viral shedding.Conclusions In SARS-CoV-2 infections, vaccine-induced immunity was associated with decreased diversity of within-host variant spectra, with milder inflammatory pathophysiology. The enrichment of mutations in the spike protein gene indicates selection pressure exerted by vaccination on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarta Sisteré‐Oró, Juan Du, Diana D. J. Wortmann, Marina D. Filippi, Esperanza Cañas‐Ruano, Itziar Arrieta‐Aldea, Agustín Marcos‐Blanco, Xavier Castells, Santiago Grau, Natalia García‐Giralt, Daniel Perez‐Zsolt, Rytis Boreika, Nuria Izquierdo‐Useros, Robert Güerri‐Fernandez, Andreas Meyerhans
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hubert Amu, Robert Kokou Dowou, Promise Bansah, Ijeoma Omosede Oaikhena, Luchuo Engelbert Bain
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.12.2023
Tilføjet 28.12.2023
by Richard Gyan Aboagye, Hubert Amu, Robert Kokou Dowou, Promise Bansah, Ijeoma Omosede Oaikhena, Luchuo Engelbert Bain Background Tetanus toxoid vaccination is one of the most effective and protective measures against tetanus deaths among mothers and their newborns. We examined the prevalence and correlates of tetanus toxoid uptake among women in sub-Saharan African (SSA). Materials and methods We analysed pooled data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 32 countries in SSA conducted from 2010 to 2020. We included 223,594 women with a history of childbirth before the survey. Percentages were used to present the prevalence of tetanus toxoid vaccine uptake among the women. We examined the correlates of tetanus toxoid uptake using a multilevel binary logistic regression. Results The overall prevalence of tetanus toxoid uptake was 51.5%, which ranged from 27.5% in Zambia to 79.2% in Liberia. Women age, education level, current working status, parity, antenatal care visits, mass media exposure, wealth index, and place of residence were the factors associated with the uptake of tetanus toxoid among the women. Conclusion Uptake of tetanus toxoid vaccination among the women in SSA was low. Maternal age, education, current working status, parity, antenatal care visits, exposure to mass media, and wealth status influence tetanus toxoid uptake among women. Our findings suggest that health sector stakeholders in SSA must implement interventions that encourage pregnant women to have at least four antenatal care visits. Also, health policymakers in SSA could ensure that the tetanus toxoid vaccine is free or covered under national health insurance to make it easier for women from poorer households to have access to it when necessary.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKerr, S., Millington, T., Rudan, I., McCowan, C., Tibble, H., Jeffrey, K., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Simpson, C. R., Robertson, C., Hippisley-Cox, J., Sheikh, A.
BMJ Open, 27.12.2023
Tilføjet 27.12.2023
ObjectiveThe QCovid 2 and 3 algorithms are risk prediction tools developed during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic that can be used to predict the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality, taking vaccination status into account. In this study, we assess their performance in Scotland. MethodsWe used the Early Pandemic Evaluation and Enhanced Surveillance of COVID-19 national data platform consisting of individual-level data for the population of Scotland (5.4 million residents). Primary care data were linked to reverse-transcription PCR virology testing, hospitalisation and mortality data. We assessed the discrimination and calibration of the QCovid 2 and 3 algorithms in predicting COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths between 8 December 2020 and 15 June 2021. ResultsOur validation dataset comprised 465 058 individuals, aged 19–100. We found the following performance metrics (95% CIs) for QCovid 2 and 3: Harrell’s C 0.84 (0.82 to 0.86) for hospitalisation, and 0.92 (0.90 to 0.94) for death, observed-expected ratio of 0.24 for hospitalisation and 0.26 for death (ie, both the number of hospitalisations and the number of deaths were overestimated), and a Brier score of 0.0009 (0.00084 to 0.00096) for hospitalisation and 0.00036 (0.00032 to 0.0004) for death. ConclusionsWe found good discrimination of the QCovid 2 and 3 algorithms in Scotland, although performance was worse in higher age groups. Both the number of hospitalisations and the number of deaths were overestimated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 23.12.2023
Tilføjet 23.12.2023
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein stabilized in the prefusion conformation (RSVPreF3) was under investigation as a maternal vaccine.Methods This phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-dose, multicenter study enrolled healthy, non-pregnant women, randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to five parallel groups studying RSVPreF3 (60 or 120 µg) co-administered with diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (dTpa) or placebo, and dTpa co-administered with placebo. Safety and humoral immune responses were assessed. An extension phase also assessed a RSVPreF3 120 μg vaccination 12–18 months post-first vaccination.Results The safety profile of RSVPreF3 was unaffected by dose or dTpa co-administration. Solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AEs) were evenly distributed across study groups. Injection-site pain was higher following the second vaccination vs the first vaccination. Medically attended AEs were rare (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 23.12.2023
Tilføjet 23.12.2023
Abstract Background Hybrid immunity (infection plus vaccination) may increase maternally-derived SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses and durability vs. infection alone.Methods Prospective cohort of pregnant participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (anti-nucleocapsid IgG+, RT-PCR + or antigen+) and their infants had blood collected in pregnancy, delivery/birth, and postpartum tested for anti-spike (anti-S) IgG and neutralizing antibodies (neutAb).Results Among 107 participants at enrollment, 40% were unvaccinated and 60% were vaccinated (received ≥1 dose); 102 had previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy (median 19 weeks gestation); 5 were diagnosed just prior to prior to pregnancy (median 8 weeks). At delivery, fewer unvaccinated participants (87% anti-S IgG+, 86% neutAb) and their infants (86% anti-S IgG+, 75% neutAb) had anti-S IgG + or neutAb compared to vaccinated participants and their infants (100%, p ≤ 0.01 for all). By 3-6 months postpartum, 50% of infants of unvaccinated participants were anti-S IgG + and 14% had neutAb, vs. 100% among infants of vaccinated participants (all p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSpire, A., Sireyjol, A., Bajos, N., for the EpiCoV study group, for the EpiCov study group, Bajos, Warszawski, Baghein, Counil, Jusot, Lydie, Martin, Meyer, Raynaud, Rouquette, Pailhe, Pousson, Rahib, Sillard, Spire
BMJ Open, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
ObjectiveIn many countries, before COVID-19 vaccines became available, reluctance to get vaccinated was particularly prevalent among women, the most disadvantaged social groups and ethnoracial minorities, known to be at higher risk for the virus. Using a longitudinal perspective, we analyse the social determinants that are associated with the transition from attitudes towards vaccination to actual vaccination practices. DesignRepresentative population-based prospective cohort. SettingsFrom November 2020 to July 2021. ParticipantsAdults included in the Epidemiology and Living Conditions (EpiCoV) cohort (n=86 701). Main outcome measuresAttitudes towards vaccination in November 2020 before COVID-19 vaccines were available in France (in January 2021) and vaccination practices in July 2021. ResultsAmong those who were initially reluctant in November 2020, the youngest, the poorest 10% (OR=0.68, 0.59–0.77), non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.59–0.88) and descendants of non-European immigrants (OR=0.72, 0.61–0.86) were less likely to be vaccinated in July 2021, irrespective of trust in government and scientists. The same social factors were associated with non-vaccination among those who initially were undecided or who favoured vaccination. ConclusionDespite the fact that COVID-19 vaccines were relatively available and free of charge in France in July 2021, social inequalities in vaccination against the virus remained the same than those observed in vaccination reluctance in November 2020, before vaccines were available. While adjusting for trust, migration background, younger age and lower income were associated with lower vaccination uptake irrespective of initial intention. By neglecting to genuinely target specific groups that were initially reluctant to be vaccinated, vaccination policies contributed to strengthening pre-existing social inequalities around COVID-19 burden.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbubakar, A. T., Suleiman, K., Ahmad, S. I., Yahaya, S. S., Bello, U. I., Suleiman, B. A., Haladu, S. A., Al-Mustapha, A. I., Abubakar, M. I.
BMJ Open, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
ObjectivesHealthcare workers were prioritised to receive the COVID-19 vaccine in Nigeria. Administration of COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria was challenging because of a lack of trust in vaccine safety and vaccine effectiveness among healthcare workers, who are expected to provide reliable information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases in the communities. Hence, their acceptance and attitudes towards COVID-19 preventive practices could influence the acceptance of the vaccine by the local population. This cross-sectional study assessed the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in Katsina State. We predicted the variables that increased the vaccine acceptance using logistic regression analysis. SettingThis hospital-based study was conducted at primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare facilities in Nigeria. ParticipantsA total of 793 healthcare workers were included in this study. Of these, 65.4% (n=519) were male. Outcome measuresTo assess acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine measures, and factors increasing acceptance among healthcare workers. ResultsOf the healthcare workers, 80% (638) were tested for the SARS-CoV-2, of whom 10.8% (n=65) tested positive. Approximately 97% (n=765) of them believed that the COVID-19 vaccine was safe, and 90% (n=714) received the first dose of the vaccine. Healthcare workers between 30 and 39 years were more likely to accept the vaccine (aOR: 7.06; 95% CI 2.36 to 21.07; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGaumer, G., Crown, W. H., Kates, J., Luan, Y., Hariharan, D., Jordan, M., Hurley, C. L., Nandakumar, A.
BMJ Open, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
ObjectivesThis study examined whether the US President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) funding had effects beyond HIV, specifically on several measures of maternal and child health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). The results of previous research on the question of PEPFAR health spillovers have been inconsistent. This study, using a large, multicountry panel data set of 157 LMICs including 90 recipient countries, adds to the literature. DesignSeven indicators including child and maternal mortality, several child vaccination rates and anaemia among childbearing-age women are important population health indicators. Panel data and difference-in-differences estimators (DID) were used to estimate the impact of the PEPFAR programme from inception in 2004 to 2018 using a comparison group of 67 LMICs. Several different models of baseline (2004) covariates were used to help balance the comparison and treatment groups. Staggered DID was used to estimate impacts since all countries did not start receiving aid at PEPFAR’s inception. SettingAll 157 LMICs from 1990 to 2018. Participants90 LMICs receiving PEPFAR aid and cohorts of those countries, including those required to submit annual country operational plans (COP), other recipient countries (non-COP), and three groupings of countries based on cumulative amount of per capita aid received (high, medium, low). InterventionsPEPFAR aid to combat the HIV epidemic. Primary outcome measuresMaternal mortality and child mortality rates, vaccination rates to protect children for diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus, measles, HepB3, and tetanus, and prevalence of anaemia in women of childbearing age. ResultsAcross PEPFAR recipient countries, large, favourable PEPFAR health effects were found for rates of childhood immunisation, child mortality and maternal mortality. These beneficial health effects were large and significant in all segments of PEPFAR recipient countries studied. We also found significant and favourable programme effects on the prevalence of anaemia in women of childbearing age in PEPFAR recipient countries receiving the most intensive financial support from the PEPFAR programme. Other recipient countries did not demonstrate significant effects on anaemia. ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that important health indicators, beyond HIV, have been consistently and favourably influenced by PEPFAR presence. Child and maternal mortality have been substantially reduced, and childhood immunisation rates increased. We also found no evidence of ‘crowding out’ or negative spillovers in these resource-poor countries. These findings add to the body of evidence that PEPFAR has had favourable health effects beyond HIV. The implications of these findings are that foreign aid for health in one area may have favourable health effects in other areas in recipient countries. More research is needed on the influence of the mechanisms at work that create these spillover health effects of PEPFAR.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTran, L., Dang, T., Nguyen, M., Kaufman, J., Overmars, I., Shrestha, S., Abdi, I., Nguyen, T., Marahajan, M., Chu, T., Danchin, M., Fox, G., Nguyen, T. A.
BMJ Open, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
BackgroundUnderstanding of the behavioural and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination is key to addressing vaccine hesitancy and accessibility issues. Vietnam’s national COVID-19 vaccination programme resulted in high uptake of primary doses among adults, but lower booster doses for adults and primary doses for 5–11 years. This scoping review assessed BeSD influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Vietnam to design interventions on reaching the national vaccination targets. MethodWe conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, MedRxiv, LitCOVID, COVID-19 LOVE platform, WHO’s COVID-19 research database and seven dominant Vietnamese language medical journals published in English or Vietnamese between 28 December 2019 and 28 November 2022. Data were narratively synthesised and summarised according to the four components of the WHO BeSD framework. The drivers were then mapped along the timeline of COVID-19 vaccine deployment and the evolution of the pandemic in Vietnam. ResultsWe identified 680 records, of which 39 met the inclusion criteria comprising 224 204 participants. Adults’ intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines for themselves (23 studies) ranged from 58.0% to 98.1%. Parental intention to vaccinate their under 11-year-old children (six studies) ranged from 32.8% to 79.6%. Key drivers of vaccination uptake were perceived susceptibility and severity of disease, perceived vaccine benefits and safety, healthcare worker recommendation, and positive societal perception. Commonly reported COVID-19 vaccines’ information sources (six studies) were social and mainstream media (82%–67%), television (72.7%–51.6%) and healthcare workers (47.5%–17.5%). Key drivers of COVID-19 uptake remained consistent for both adults and children despite changes in community transmission and vaccine deployment. ConclusionKey enablers of vaccine uptake for adults and children included perceived disease severity, perceived vaccine benefits and safety and healthcare worker recommendations. Future studies should assess vaccine communication targeted to these drivers, national policies and political determinants to optimise vaccine uptake.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan Pablo Gutierrez, Gustavo Olaiz, Arturo Juárez-Flores, Víctor H. Borja-Aburto, Iván J. Ascencio-Montiel, Stefano M. Bertozzi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.12.2023
Tilføjet 22.12.2023
by Juan Pablo Gutierrez, Gustavo Olaiz, Arturo Juárez-Flores, Víctor H. Borja-Aburto, Iván J. Ascencio-Montiel, Stefano M. Bertozzi Background The COVID-19 pandemic has progressed rapidly, with the emergence of new virus variants that pose challenges in treating infected individuals. In Mexico, four epidemic waves have been recorded with varying disease severity. To understand the heterogeneity in clinical presentation over time and the sensitivity and specificity of signs and symptoms in identifying COVID-19 cases, an analysis of the changes in the clinical presentation of the disease was conducted. Aim To analyze the changes in the clinical presentation of COVID-19 among 3.38 million individuals tested for SARS-CoV-2 at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) from March 2020 to October 2021 and evaluate the predictivity of signs and symptoms in identifying COVID-19 cases. Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical presentation patterns of COVID-19 among individuals treated at IMSS was performed, contrasting the signs and symptoms among SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals with those who tested negative for the virus but had respiratory infection symptoms. The sensitivity and specificity of each sign and symptom in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection were estimated. Results The set of signs and symptoms reported for COVID-19-suspected patients treated at IMSS were not highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The signs and symptoms exhibited variability based on age and epidemic wave. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.62 when grouping the five main symptoms (headache, dyspnea, fever, arthralgia, and cough). Most of the individual symptoms had ROC values close to 0.5 (16 out of 22 between 0.48 and 0.52), indicating non-specificity. Conclusions The results highlight the difficulty in making a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 due to the lack of specificity of signs and symptoms. The variability of clinical presentation over time and among age groups highlights the need for further research to differentiate whether the changes are due to changes in the virus, who is becoming infected, or the population, particularly with respect to prior infection and vaccination status.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbraham, S. A. A., Amoah, J. O., Agyare, D. F., Sekimpi, D. K., Bosomtwe-Duker, D., Druye, A. A., Osei Berchie, G., Obiri-Yeboah, D.
BMJ Open, 21.12.2023
Tilføjet 21.12.2023
ObjectiveThe study sought to explore the perspectives of vaccinators on the health system factors that impacted the COVID-19 vaccination campaign. DesignThe study employed an exploratory-descriptive qualitative design. Key-informants’ interviews were conducted using semi-structured guide to gather the data. Thematic analysis following the steps of Braun and Clark was conducted using ATLAS.ti software. SettingThe study setting was the Cape Coast Metropolis where the Central Regional Health Directorate is located. The Directorate initiates and implements policy decisions across the region. It is also the only metropolis in the region that recorded about 5970 of the total COVID-19 cases recorded in Ghana. ParticipantsEleven vaccinators who had been trained for the COVID-19 vaccination and had participated in the campaign for at least 6 months were purposively sampled through the Regional Public Health Unit. ResultsFour themes were derived from the data after analysis; ‘vaccine-related issues’; ‘staffing issues’; ‘organising and planning the campaign’ and ‘surveillance and response systems’. Subthemes were generated under each major theme. Our results revealed the health service promoted the COVID-19 vaccination campaign through public education and ensured access to COVID-19 vaccines through the use of community outreaches. Also, the health service ensured adequate logistics supply for carrying out the campaign as well as ensured vaccinators were adequately equipped for adverse incidence reporting and management. Dissatisfaction among COVID-19 vaccinators attributed to low remuneration and delays in receiving allowances as well as shortfalls in efforts at securing transportation and a conducive venue for the vaccination exercise also emerged. Other challenges in the vaccination campaign were attributed to poor data entry platforms and limited access to internet facilities. ConclusionThis study highlights the health system’s strategies and challenges during the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, emphasising the need for critical interventions to prevent low vaccination rates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRahman, M. O., Kamigaki, T., Thandar, M. M., Haruyama, R., Yan, F., Shibamura-Fujiogi, M., Khin Maung Soe, J., Islam, M. R., Yoneoka, D., Miyahara, R., Ota, E., Suzuki, M.
BMJ Open, 21.12.2023
Tilføjet 21.12.2023
ObjectivesThe rapid spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has raised concerns regarding waning vaccine-induced immunity and durability. We evaluated protection of the third-dose and fourth-dose mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant and its sublineages. DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. Data sourcesElectronic databases and other resources (PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL PLUS, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, MedRxiv and bioRxiv) were searched until December 2022. Study eligibility criteriaWe included studies that assessed the effectiveness of mRNA vaccine booster doses against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes caused by the subvariant. Data extraction and synthesisEstimates of vaccine effectiveness (VE) at different time points after the third-dose and fourth-dose vaccination were extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare VE of the third dose versus the primary series, no vaccination and the fourth dose at different time points. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by Grading of Recommendations, Assessments, Development and Evaluation approach. ResultsThis review included 50 studies. The third-dose VE, compared with the primary series, against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 48.86% (95% CI 44.90% to 52.82%, low certainty) at ≥14 days, and gradually decreased to 38.01% (95% CI 13.90% to 62.13%, very low certainty) at ≥90 days after the third-dose vaccination. The fourth-dose VE peaked at 14–30 days (56.70% (95% CI 50.36% to 63.04%), moderate certainty), then quickly declined at 61–90 days (22% (95% CI 6.40% to 37.60%), low certainty). Compared with no vaccination, the third-dose VE was 75.84% (95% CI 40.56% to 111.12%, low certainty) against BA.1 infection, and 70.41% (95% CI 49.94% to 90.88%, low certainty) against BA.2 infection at ≥7 days after the third-dose vaccination. The third-dose VE against hospitalisation remained stable over time and maintained 79.30% (95% CI 58.65% to 99.94%, moderate certainty) at 91–120 days. The fourth-dose VE up to 60 days was 67.54% (95% CI 59.76% to 75.33%, moderate certainty) for hospitalisation and 77.88% (95% CI 72.55% to 83.21%, moderate certainty) for death. ConclusionThe boosters provided substantial protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes for at least 6 months, although the duration of protection remains uncertain, suggesting the need for a booster dose within 6 months of the third-dose or fourth-dose vaccination. However, the certainty of evidence in our VE estimates varied from very low to moderate, indicating significant heterogeneity among studies that should be considered when interpreting the findings for public health policies. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023376698.
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