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351
Comparison of dolutegravir- and efavirenz on depression, anxiety and sleep disorders in pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV; a DolPHIN2 substudy
van der Wekken-Pas, Lena; Nassiwa, Sylvia; Malaba, Thokozule; Lamorde, Mohammed; Myer, Landon; Waitt, Catriona; Reynolds, Helen; Khoo, Saye; He, Nengjie; van Leeuwen, Liesbeth; Burger, David; Wang, Duolao; Colbers, Angela
AIDS, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
Background: Both dolutegravir and efavirenz are known to be effective in pregnancy and post-partum to prevent vertical transmission of HIV and to maintain maternal health. Both drugs have also been associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms. To what extent these symptoms occur in pregnant and post-partum women, however, is not yet known. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the DolPHIN2 study, a multicenter randomized trial among women presenting late in pregnancy with untreated HIV- who received either a dolutegravir- or efavirenz- containing regimen. Longitudinal measures of depression, anxiety and sleep quality were analyzed during pregnancy and up to 48 weeks post-partum. Results: Among 268 women median (IQR) Edinburgh Post Natal depression score (EPDS) scores were 8 (3–11) and highest at enrolment. In the dolutegravir -and efavirenz arm, respectively, 23.7% and 25.6% had an EPDS score above 9, indicating possible or probable depression. Abnormal Hospital Anxiety Depression scores (HADS) (above 11) were seen at least once during follow up in 42 of patients (15.7%), although no differences were seen between treatment arms. No association was found between EPDS, suicidality and HADS scores and the assigned regimen (p = 0.93, 0.97 and 0.18 respectively). Median (IQR) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality index (PSQI) scores for dolutegravir- and efavirenz were 6 (5–7) and 5 (5–6.5) respectively, p = 0.70. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were observed between efavirenz- or dolutegravir containing regimens. Rates of depression were high, but decreased over the course of time and confirm the need for psychological support after initial HIV diagnosis in pregnancy. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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352
Associations between social determinants of health and co- and multi-morbidity in people of Black ethnicities with HIV
Dominguez-Dominguez, Lourdes; Campbell, Lucy; Barbini, Birgit; Fox, Julie; Nikiphorou, Elena; Goff, Louise; Lempp, Heidi; Tariq, Shema; Hamzah, Lisa; Post, Frank A.
AIDS, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
Objective: Social Determinants of Health (SDH) are important determinants of long-term conditions and multimorbidity in the general population. The intersecting relationship between SDH and multimorbidity in people with HIV remains poorly studied. Design: Cross-sectional study investigating the relationships between eight socio-economic parameters and prevalent comorbidities of clinical significance and multimorbidity in adults of African ancestry with HIV aged 18–65 years in South London, UK. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate associations between SDH and comorbidities and multimorbidity. Results: Between September 2020 and January 2022, 398 participants (median age 52 years, 55% female) were enrolled; 85% reported at least one SDH and 72% had at least one comorbidity. There were no associations between SDH and diabetes mellitus or kidney disease, few associations between SDH (job and food insecurity) and cardiovascular or lung disease, and multiple associations between SDH (financial, food, housing and job insecurity, low educational level, social isolation, and discrimination) and poor mental health or chronic pain. Associations between SDH and multimorbidity mirrored those for constituent comorbidities. Conclusions: We demonstrate strong associations between SDH and poor mental health, chronic pain and multimorbidity in people of black ethnicities living with HIV in the UK. These findings highlight the likely impact of enduring socio-economic hardship in these communities and underlines the importance of holistic health and social care for people with HIV to address these adverse psychosocial conditions. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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353
Racial inequities in HIV incidence among men who have sex with men prior to and amidst an Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative
Jamison, Kelly E.; Braunstein, Sarah L.; Pathela, Preeti
AIDS, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine trends in HIV incidence among MSM relative to the scale up of Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiatives, including biomedical prevention strategies, and to describe racial inequities over time. Design: A cross-sectional study, matching annual cohorts of New York City (NYC) Sexual Health Clinic (SHC) patients from 2010 to 2018 to the citywide HIV registry to identify seroconversions during 1 year of follow-up, through 2019. Methods: We examined HIV incidence for each annual cohort of MSM using diagnoses within 1 year after last negative HIV test. We calculated incidence rates and rate ratios (IRR) pooled across 3-year intervals (2010–2012, 2013–2015, 2016–2018) by race/ethnicity, age, neighborhood poverty level, recent STI diagnosis, and condom use during anal sex. Results: There were 36 156 study visits among MSM attending NYC SHCs, including 37% among white MSM and 63% among MSM of color. From 2010 to 2018, HIV incidence decreased overall from 2.82 to 0.82/100 person-years, and among all race/ethnicity, age, poverty, STI, and condom use subgroups. For 2010–2012 vs. 2016–2018, adjusted IRRs (95% CI) increased for black MSM [1.8 (1.3–2.6) vs. 6.0 (3.5–10.2)], Latino MSM [1.4 (1.0–2.0) vs. 0.4.0 (2.3–6.8)], and MSM of other races [1.0 (0.6–1.7) vs. 2.5 (1.3–4.9)] compared with white MSM. Black and Latino MSM seroconverted at significantly higher rates than white MSM in the same age groups and neighborhood poverty level. Conclusion: Despite decreases in HIV incidence among MSM, racial inequities were exacerbated over time. Addressing structural factors that impact racial inequities in risk of HIV should undergird EHE initiatives. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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354
Radiographic characteristics of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis in the STREAM stage 1 trial and their influence on time to culture conversion in the short regimen
BMC Infectious Diseases, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
Abstract Background Stage 1 of the STREAM trial demonstrated that the 9 month (Short) regimen developed in Bangladesh was non-inferior to the 20 month (Long) 2011 World Health Organization recommended regimen. We assess the association between HIV infection and radiographic manifestations of tuberculosis and factors associated with time to culture conversion in Stage 1 of the STREAM trial. Methods Reading of chest radiographs was undertaken independently by two clinicians, and films with discordant reading were read by a third reader. Recording of abnormal opacity of the lung parenchyma included location (right upper, right lower, left upper, and left lower) and extent of disease (minimal, moderately-advanced, and far advanced). Time to culture conversion was defined as the number of days from initiation of treatment to the first of two consecutive negative culture results, and compared using the log-rank test, stratified by country. Cox proportional hazards models, stratified by country and adjusted for HIV status, were used to identify factors associated with culture conversion. Results Of the 364 participants, all but one had an abnormal chest X-ray: 347 (95%) had opacities over upper lung fields, 318 (87%) had opacities over lower lung fields, 124 (34%) had far advanced pulmonary involvement, and 281 (77%) had cavitation. There was no significant association between HIV and locations of lung parenchymal opacities, extent of opacities, the presence of cavitation, and location of cavitation. Participants infected with HIV were significantly less likely to have the highest positivity grade (3+) of sputum culture (p = 0.035) as compared to participants not infected with HIV. Cavitation was significantly associated with high smear positivity grades (p
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355
Factors associated with an unsuppressed viral load among HIV-positive individuals attending STI services in South Africa, 2019
BMC Infectious Diseases, 31.01.2024
Tilføjet 31.01.2024
Abstract Background Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), particularly in the absence of viral suppression, increase the risk of HIV transmission to uninfected partners. We determined factors associated with having an unsuppressed VL among HIV-positive individuals attending STI services in South Africa (SA). Methods We analysed secondary cross-sectional data collected on HIV-positive individuals presenting with STI symptoms s at sentinel sites in Western Cape and Gauteng provinces between January–December 2019 in SA. We compared demographic characteristics of individuals on ART or not on ART, and a Poisson regression model to identify factors associated with having an unsuppressed VL (≥ 50 copies/ml) was used. Results Among 93 HIV-positive individuals attending STI services with VL data, the median age was 32 years (IQR 27–37). Thirty-two (34.41%) individuals were on ART compared to 61 (65.59%) not on ART. Most of those on ART (56.25%) had an unsuppressed VL, while 86.89% of those not on ART had an unsuppressed VL. ART use was associated with a 33% lower prevalence of having unsuppressed VL. In a model adjusting for age, age at first sex and oral sex, none of the factors were significant. Among those on ART, individuals
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356
Chronic HIV‐1 Tat action induces HLA‐DR downregulation in B cells: A mechanism for lymphoma immune escape in people living with HIV
Anna Shmakova, Coline Hugot, Yana Kozhevnikova, Anna Schwager (Karpukhina), Ivan Tsimailo, Laurence Gérard, David Boutboul, Eric Oksenhendler, Olga Szewczyk‐Roszczenko, Piotr Roszczenko, Kamila Buzun, Eugene V. Sheval, Diego Germini, Yegor Vassetzky
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
357
Factors associated with immunological non-response after ART initiation: a retrospective observational cohort study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
Abstract Background Among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the mortality of immunological non-responders (INRs) is higher than that of immunological responders (IRs). However, factors associated with immunological non-response following ART are not well documented. Methods We obtained data for HIV patients from the National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program database in China. Patients were grouped into IRs (CD4 cell count ≥ 350 cells/μl after 24 months’ treatment), immunological incomplete responders (ICRs) (200–350 cells/μl) and INRs (
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358
Testing, diagnosis, and treatment following the implementation of a program to provide dried blood spot testing for HIV and hepatitis C infections: the NSW DBS Pilot
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
Abstract Background Dried blood spot (DBS) testing provides an alternative to phlebotomy and addresses barriers to accessing healthcare experienced by some key populations. Large-scale evaluations of DBS testing programs are needed to understand their feasibility. This study evaluated the implementation of a state-wide DBS HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing pilot. Methods The New South Wales (NSW) DBS Pilot is an interventional cohort study of people testing for HIV antibody and/or HCV RNA from DBS samples in NSW, Australia. Participants at risk of HIV/HCV participated in testing via: 1) self-registration online with a DBS collection kit delivered and returned by conventional postal service; or 2) assisted DBS sample collection at 36 community health sites (including drug treatment and harm-minimisation services) and prisons. Participants received results by text (HIV antibody/ HCV RNA not detected) or a healthcare provider (HIV antibody/ HCV RNA detected). The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation. Results Reach: Between November 2016 and December 2020, 7,392 individuals were tested for HIV and/or HCV (21% self-registration, 34% assisted in community, and 45% assisted in prison). Effectiveness: Of 6,922 people tested for HIV (19% men who have sex with men, 13% living outside major cities, 21% born outside Australia), 51% (3,521/6,922) had no HIV test in the past two years, 0.1% (10/6,922) were newly diagnosed with HIV, and 80% (8/10) initiated HIV treatment within six months. Of 5,960 people tested for HCV (24% women, 35% Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, 55% recently injected drugs), 15% had detectable HCV RNA (878/5,960), and 45% (393/878) initiated treatment within six months. Adoption: By the end of 2020, DBS via assisted registration was available at 36 community sites and 21 prisons. Implementation: 90% of DBS cards arriving at the laboratory had the three full spots required for testing; the proportion was higher in assisted (94%) compared to online (76%) registration. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of DBS testing for HIV and HCV in key populations including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and demonstrated the utility of DBS in the prison setting.
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359
Correction: Acceptability of unsupervised peer-based distribution of HIV oral self-testing for the hard-to-reach in rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa: Results from a demonstration study
Marcel K. Kitenge, Chinmay Laxmeshwar, Elkin Bermudez Aza, Ellie Ford-Kamara, Gilles Van Cutsem, Ntombi Gcwensa, Esther C. Casas, Khanyo Hlophe, Petros Isaakidis, Liesbet Ohler
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
by Marcel K. Kitenge, Chinmay Laxmeshwar, Elkin Bermudez Aza, Ellie Ford-Kamara, Gilles Van Cutsem, Ntombi Gcwensa, Esther C. Casas, Khanyo Hlophe, Petros Isaakidis, Liesbet Ohler
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360
Incidence and prevalence of hypertension among HIV-TB co-infected participants accessing treatment: A five-year prospective cohort analysis
Halima Dawood, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Upasna Singh, Mikaila C. Moodley, Jenine Ramruthan, Kogieleum Naidoo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
by Halima Dawood, Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma, Upasna Singh, Mikaila C. Moodley, Jenine Ramruthan, Kogieleum Naidoo Introduction Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This study determined incidence and prevalence of hypertension among PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Method We prospectively followed-up 642 HIV and tuberculosis (TB) co-infected study participants from 2005–2013. We defined hypertension as two consecutive elevated systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure measurements above 139/89 mmHg or current use of antihypertensive therapy. Results Of 507 participants analyzed, 53% were women. Median [interquartile range (IQR)] age, body mass index (BMI), and CD4 count was 34 (28.0–40.0) years, 22.7 (20.5–25.4) kg/m2, and 145 (69.0–252.0) cells/mm3, respectively. Incidence [95% confidence interval (CI)] of both systolic and diastolic hypertension overall, in men, and in women over 40 years was 1.9 (1.4–2.6), 5.9 (3.6–9.6), and 5.0 (2.7–9.3) per 100 person-years (PY), respectively. Risk of developing hypertension was higher in men [(adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 12.04, 95% CI: 4.35–33.32)] and women over 40 years (aHR 8.19, 95% CI 2.96–22.64), and in men below 40 years (aHR 2.79, 95% CI 0.95–8.23). Conclusion Higher incidence rates of hypertension among older men and women accessing ART highlight opportunities to expand current integrated HIV-TB care models, to include cardiovascular disease risk screening and care to prevent premature death.
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361
Anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies predict outcome of cryptococcal meningitis in patients not infected with HIV: a cohort study
Ying-Kui Jiang, Ling-Hong Zhou, Jia-Hui Cheng, Jun-Hao Zhu, Yu Luo, Li Li, Min Zhu, Rong-Sheng Zhu, Wen-Jia Qiu, Hua-Zhen Zhao, Xuan Wang, Jun-Tian Huang, Oliver A. Cornely, Wen-Hong Zhang, Li-Ping Zhu
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.01.2024
Tilføjet 29.01.2024
To explore the seroprevalence of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and assess its predictive value for survival.
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362
Stability in care and risk of loss to follow‐up among clients receiving community health worker‐led differentiated HIV care: Results from a prospective cohort study in northern Tanzania
Ramadhani Abdul, Tobias F. Rinke de Wit, Giulia Martelli, Kathleen Costigan, Patrobas Katambi, Anton Pozniak, Werner Maokola, Sayoki Mfinanga, Sabine Hermans
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.01.2024
Tilføjet 28.01.2024
363
In Support of Breast/Chest Feeding by People with HIV in High-Income Settings
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Abstract Given that HIV can be transmitted through breastfeeding, historically, breastfeeding among women with HIV in the United States and other resource rich settings was actively discouraged. Formula feeding was mandated as the only feeding option primarily out of concern for breastmilk transmission of HIV, which occurred in 16-24%1-3 of cases pre-antiretroviral therapy (ART) use. In January 2023, the United States’ Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Perinatal Guidelines were updated to support shared decision making for infant feeding choices4. Updated data from clinical trials in low- and middle-income settings suggest that the actual rate of HIV transmission through breastmilk in the context of maternal ART or neonatal post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is 0.3-1%1-3. High income countries are reporting increasing numbers of people with HIV breastfeeding their infants without cases of HIV transmission to date5-10. Here we will present the reasons for fully embracing breast/chestfeeding as a viable and safe infant feeding option for HIV-exposed infants in high-income settings now, while acknowledging unanswered questions and the need to continually craft more nuanced clinical guidance.
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364
[Articles] Chemoprevention for malaria with monthly intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine in pregnant women living with HIV on daily co-trimoxazole in Kenya and Malawi: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Hellen C Barsosio, Mwayiwawo Madanitsa, Everlyne D Ondieki, James Dodd, Eric D Onyango, Kephas Otieno, Duolao Wang, Jenny Hill, Victor Mwapasa, Kamija S Phiri, Kenneth Maleta, Miriam Taegtmeyer, Simon Kariuki, Christentze Schmiegelow, Julie R Gutman, Feiko O ter Kuile
Lancet, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Addition of monthly intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine to the standard of care with daily unsupervised co-trimoxazole in areas of high antifolate resistance substantially improves malaria chemoprevention in pregnant women living with HIV on dolutegravir-based cART and should be considered for policy.
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365
The chemokine receptor CCR5: multi-faceted hook for HIV-1
Natacha Faivre, Christel Verollet and Fabrice Dumas
Retrovirology, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Chemokines are cytokines whose primary role is cellular activation and stimulation of leukocyte migration. They perform their various functions by interacting with G protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPC...
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366
The HIV-1 gag p6: a promising target for therapeutic intervention
Xiaowei Chen and Xiao Wang
Retrovirology, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
The p6 domain of the Gag precursors (Gag p6) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays multifunctional roles in the viral life cycle. It utilizes the endosomal sorting complex required for transport...
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367
Dexamethasone for Tuberculous Meningitis in HIV-Positive Adults
New England Journal of Medicine, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
368
Mitochondrial disturbance related to increased caspase-1 of CD4+T cells in HIV-1 infection
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Abstract Background In HIV-1 infection, more than 95% of CD4+T cells die of caspase-1 mediated pyroptosis. What governs the increased susceptibility of CD4+T cells to pyroptosis is poorly understood. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 31 untreated HIV-infected patients (UNT), 29 antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-infected patients (ART), and 21 healthy control donors (HD). Plasma levels of IL-18 and IL-1β, caspase-1 expression, mitochondrial mass (MM) and mitochondrial fusion/fisson genes of CD4+T subsets were measured. Results A significantly higher IL-18 level in plasma and MM level of CD4+T cells were found in HIV-infected patients (UNT and ART) compared to HD, and the MMhigh phenotype was manifested, related to increased caspase-1 expression. Moreover, the increased MM was more pronounced in the early differentiated and inactivated CD4+T cells. However, higher MM was not intrinsically linked to T cell differentiation disorder or excessive activation of the CD4+T cells. Mechanistically, the increased MM was significantly correlated with an elevated level of expression of the mitochondrial fusion gene mitofusin1. Conclusion An increase in MM was associated with heightened sensitivity of CD4+T cells to pyroptosis, even in early differentiated and inactivated CD4+T cells, in patients with HIV-1 infection, regardless of whether patients were on antiretroviral therapy or not. These new revelations have uncovered a previously unappreciated challenge to immune reconstitution with antiretroviral therapy.
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369
Secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Evaluation of anticancer efficacy through computational approach
H.G. Gowtham, Prasanna D. Revanasiddappa, Mahadevamurthy Murali, Sudarshana Brijesh Singh, M.R. Abhilash, Sushma Pradeep, Chandan Shivamallu, Raghu Ram Achar, Ekaterina Silina, Victor Stupin, Natalia Manturova, Ali A. Shati, Mohammad Y. Alfaifi, Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi, Shiva Prasad Kollur
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
by H.G. Gowtham, Prasanna D. Revanasiddappa, Mahadevamurthy Murali, Sudarshana Brijesh Singh, M.R. Abhilash, Sushma Pradeep, Chandan Shivamallu, Raghu Ram Achar, Ekaterina Silina, Victor Stupin, Natalia Manturova, Ali A. Shati, Mohammad Y. Alfaifi, Serag Eldin I. Elbehairi, Shiva Prasad Kollur The present study explores the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibition efficacy of secondary metabolites in Trichoderma spp. through molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM-PBSA approach. The result of molecular docking confirmed that out of 200 metabolites screened, three metabolites such as Harzianelactone A, Pretrichodermamide G and Aspochalasin M, potentially bound with the active binding site of EGFR tyrosine kinase domain(PDB ID: 1M17) with a threshold docking score of ≤– 9.0 kcal/mol when compared with the standard EGFR inhibitor (Erlotinib). The MD simulation was run to investigate the potential for stable complex formation in EGFR tyrosine kinase domain-unbound/lead metabolite (Aspochalasin M)-bound/standard inhibitor (Erlotinib)-bound complex. The MD simulation analysis at 100 ns revealed that Aspochalasin M formed the stable complex with EGFR. Besides, the in silico predication of pharmacokinetic properties further confirmed that Aspochalasin M qualified the drug-likeness rules with no harmful side effects (viz., hERG toxicity, hepatotoxicity and skin sensitization), non-mutagenicity and favourable logBB value. Moreover, the BOILED-Egg model predicted that Aspochalasin M showed a higher gastrointestinal absorption with improved bioavailability when administered orally and removed from the central nervous system (CNS). The results of the computational studies concluded that Aspochalasin M possessed significant efficacy in binding EGFR’s active sites compared to the known standard inhibitor (Erlotinib). Therefore, Aspochalasin M can be used as a possible anticancer drug candidate and further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation of Aspochalasin M of Trichoderma spp. are required to determine its anticancer potential.
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370
Prediction models for adverse drug reactions during tuberculosis treatment in Brazil
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) treatment-related adverse drug reactions (TB-ADR) can negatively affect adherence and treatment success rates.Methods We developed prediction models for TB-ADR, considering drug-susceptible pulmonary TB participants who initiated standard TB therapy. TB-ADR were determined by the physician attending the participant, assessing causality to TB drugs, the affected organ system, and grade. Potential baseline predictors of TB-ADR included concomitant medication (CM)-use, HIV-status, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), age, body mass index (BMI), sex, substance use, and TB drug metabolism variables (NAT2 acetylator profiles). The models were developed through bootstrapped backwards selection. Cox regression was used to evaluate TB-ADR risk.Results There were 156 TB-ADR among 102 (11%) of the 945 participants included. Most TB-ADR were hepatic (n = 82; 53%), of moderate severity (grade 2; n = 121; 78%) and occurred in NAT2 slow acetylators (n = 62; 61%). The main prediction model included CM-use, HbA1c, alcohol-use, HIV-seropositivity, BMI, and age, with robust performance (c-statistic = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.74-0.83) and fit (optimism corrected-slope and intercept of -0.09 and 0.94, respectively). An alternative model replacing BMI with NAT2 had similar performance. HIV-seropositivity (hazard ratio (HR) 2.68, 95%CI 1.75-4.09) and CM-use (HR 5.26, 95%CI 2.63-10.52) increased TB-ADR risk.Conclusions The models, with clinical variables and with NAT2, were highly predictive of TB-ADR.
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371
Different effects of the companion antiretroviral drugs on dolutegravir trough concentrations: a focus on novel dual regimens
Cattaneo, Dario; Pagano, Simone; Colombo, Martina Laura; Giacomelli, Andrea; Gori, Andrea; Gervasoni, Cristina
AIDS, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Background: Dolutegravir is widely used in different dual and triple antiretroviral regimens. Here, we sought to investigate the effect of the companion antiretroviral drug(s) on dolutegravir plasma trough concentrations in persons with HIV, with a focus on dual regimens. Methods: Dolutegravir concentrations collected from October 2015 to March 2023 (n = 900) were stratified according to the main antiretroviral classes (NRTIs, NNRTIs, PIs) and according to single drugs. Dolutegravir concentrations measured in persons with HIV concomitantly treated with lamivudine were considered as the reference group. Results: Dolutegravir trough concentrations were significantly higher in persons with HIV given PIs compared with the reference (1886 [1036–2940] versus 1575 [1026–2226] ng/mL; p = 0.004). The highest dolutegravir concentrations were measured in persons with HIV concomitantly treated with unboosted atazanavir (2908 [2130–4135] ng/mL). Conversely, co-administration of darunavir/ritonavir resulted in significantly lower dolutegravir exposure (909 [496–1397] ng/mL; p = 0.002 versus reference). Among NNRTIs, the higher dolutegravir concentrations were measured in presence of rilpivirine (2252 [1489–2686]; p
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372
HIV-1 gp120 amplifies astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) activity to compromise the integrity of the outer blood–retinal barrier
Jiang, Jing; Wang, Luoziyi; Li, Qingjian; Wang, Yucen; Wang, Zhiliang
AIDS, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Objective: This study aims to investigate the functions and mechanistic pathways of Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1) in the disruption of the blood–retinal barrier (BRB) caused by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. Design: We utilized ARPE-19 cells challenged with gp120 as our model system. Methods: Several analytical techniques were employed to decipher the intricate interactions at play. These included PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays for the molecular characterization, and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements to evaluate barrier integrity. Results: We observed that AEG-1 expression was elevated, whereas the expression levels of tight junction proteins Zo-1, Occludin, and Claudin5 were downregulated in gp120-challenged cells. TEER measurements corroborated these findings, indicating barrier dysfunction. Additional mechanistic studies revealed that the activation of NFκB and MMP2/9 pathways mediated the AEG-1-induced barrier destabilization. Through the use of lentiviral vectors, we engineered cell lines with modulated AEG-1 expression levels. Silencing AEG-1 alleviated gp120-induced downregulation of tight junction proteins and barrier impairment while concurrently inhibiting the NFκB and MMP2/9 pathways. Conversely, overexpression of AEG-1 exacerbated these pathological changes, further compromising the integrity of the BRB. Conclusion: Gp120 upregulates the expression of AEG-1 and activates the NFκB and MMP2/9 pathways. This in turn leads to the downregulation of tight junction proteins, resulting in the disruption of barrier function. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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373
Virological, weight, and drug resistance outcomes among patients initiating a dolutegravir-based first line ART regimen in Zimbabwe
Kouamou, Vinie; Washaya, Tendai; Mapangisana, Tichaona; Ndhlovu, Chiratidzo Ellen; Manasa, Justen
AIDS, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Objective: Dolutegravir (DTG)-based ART is being scaled up in Africa. However, clinical experience with DTG and patterns of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) are sparse in Zimbabwe. We assessed virological, weight, and HIVDR outcomes among individuals initiating on a DTG-based ART. Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study among HIV infected adult (≥18 years old) individuals attending care at Parirenyatwa hospital, Harare, Zimbabwe between October 2021 and April 2023. Methods: Viral load and weight were assessed at both baseline and follow-up (≥24weeks) visits. HIVDR genotyping was performed by Sanger sequencing among participants with virological failure (VL≥1000 copies/ml) at follow up visit. Factors associated with weight gain were determined using logistic regression analysis on STATA 17.0. Results: 172 participants were enrolled in the study. The median (IQR) age was 39(29–48) years whilst the median (IQR) CD4 cell count and log10 VL at enrolment was 175(58–328) cells/mm3 and 5.41(4.80–5.74) respectively. After a median (IQR) duration of 27 (25–30) weeks on DTG, of the 131 participants with follow-up VL data available, 129 (98%) had VL
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374
Comparison of HIV prevalence, incidence, and viral load suppression in Zambia population-based HIV impact assessments from 2016 and 2021
Mulenga, Lloyd B.; Hines, Jonas Z.; Stafford, Kristen A.; Dzekedzeke, Kumbutso; Sivile, Suilanji; Lindsay, Brianna; Chola, Mumbi; Ussery, Faith; Patel, Hetal K.; Abimiku, Alash’le; Birhanu, Sehin; Minchella, Peter; Stevens, Thomas Jr.; Hanunka, Brave; Chisenga, Tina; Shibemba, Aaron; Fwoloshi, Sombo; Siame, Mwiche; Mutukwa, John; Chirwa, Lameck; Siwingwa, Mpanji; Mulundu, Gina; Agbakwuru, Chinedu; Mapondera, Prichard; Detorio, Mervi; Agolory, Simon G.; Monze, Mwaka; Bronson, Megan; Charurat, Man E.; for the ZAMPHIA 2021 Study Group†
AIDS, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Background: The Zambian government has implemented a public health response to control the HIV epidemic in the country. Zambia conducted a population-based HIV impact assessment (ZAMPHIA) survey in 2021 to assess the status of the HIV epidemic to guide its public health programs. Methods: ZAMPHIA 2021 was a cross-sectional two-stage cluster sample household survey among persons aged ≥15 years conducted in Zambia across all 10 provinces. Consenting participants were administered a standardized questionnaire and whole blood was tested for HIV according to national guidelines. HIV-1 viral load (VL), recent HIV infection, and antiretroviral medications were tested for in HIV-seropositive samples. Viral load suppression (VLS) was defined as
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375
HIV-1 capsid shape, orientation, and entropic elasticity regulate translocation into the nuclear pore complex
Arpa HudaitGregory A. VothaDepartment of Chemistry, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
376
Prevention efficacy of the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 depends on HIV-1 envelope sequence features
Michal JuraskaHongjun BaiAllan C. deCampCraig A. MagaretLi LiKevin GillespieLindsay N. CarppElena E. GiorgiJames LudwigCindy MolitorAaron HudsonBrian D. WilliamsonNicole EspyBrian SimpkinsErika RudnickiDanica ShaoRaabya RossenkhanPaul T. EdlefsenDylan H. WestfallWenjie DengLennie ChenHong ZhaoTanmoy BhattacharyaAlec PankowBen MurrellAnna YsselDavid MattenTalita YorkNicolas BeaumeAsanda Gwashu-NyangiweNonkululeko NdabambiRuwayhida ThebusShelly T. KarunaLynn MorrisDavid C. MontefioriJohn A. HuralMyron S. CohenLawrence CoreyMorgane RollandPeter B. GilbertCarolyn WilliamsonJames I. MullinsaVaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109bU.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910cHenry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20817dBiostatistics Division, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101eScience and Technology Policy Fellowships, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC 20005fDepartment of Computer Science, Pitzer College, Claremont, CA 91711gDepartment of Microbiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195hTheoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544iDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 171 77, SwedenjInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, and Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town 7701, South AfricakHIV Virology Section, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2192, South AfricalAntibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2000, South AfricamCentre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South AfricanDepartment of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710oInstitute of Global Health and Infectious Diseases, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599pDepartment of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195qDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195rPublic Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109sDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195tDepartment of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195uDepartment of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
377
HIV-1-induced translocation of CPSF6 to biomolecular condensates
Katarzyna Bialas, Felipe Diaz-Griffero
Trends in Microbiology, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 6 (CPSF6, also known as CFIm68) is a 68 kDa component of the mammalian cleavage factor I (CFIm) complex that modulates mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA) and determines 3′ untranslated region (UTR) length, an important gene expression control mechanism. CPSF6 directly interacts with the HIV-1 core during infection, suggesting involvement in HIV-1 replication. Here, we review the contributions of CPSF6 to every stage of the HIV-1 replication cycle. Recently, several groups described the ability of HIV-1 infection to induce CPSF6 translocation to nuclear speckles, which are biomolecular condensates. We discuss the implications for CPSF6 localization in condensates and the potential role of condensate-localized CPSF6 in the ability of HIV-1 to control the protein expression pattern of the cell.
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378
Nutritional outcomes of therapeutic feeding program and its predictors among undernourished adult HIV positive patients at healthcare facilities of West Guji Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A retrospective cohort study
Eden Ashenafi, Getahun Beyene Guluma, Dirshaye Argaw, Habtamu Endashaw Hareru, Nagasa Eshete Soboksa
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
by Eden Ashenafi, Getahun Beyene Guluma, Dirshaye Argaw, Habtamu Endashaw Hareru, Nagasa Eshete Soboksa Background For those living with HIV/AIDS, malnutrition is a significant issue everywhere, but it is particularly prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa. A nutritional support program is becoming a more and more common strategy to prevent malnutrition in HIV-positive persons. Thus, this study aimed to assess nutritional treatment outcomes and their predictors among adult HIV-positive undernourished individuals in West Guji Zone healthcare facilities. Method A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 348 randomly selected adult HIV- positive patients in the West Guji Zone healthcare facilities between January 2018 and December 2022. Data were collected using the data extraction tool. Entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 26 for analysis. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to predict the time to recovery and to compare survival curves across categorical variables. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was fitted to identify an independent predictor of the recovery rate. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. Results In the final analysis 348 undernourished HIV-positive persons were included. Based on preset exit criteria, approximately 198, 56.9% of patients enrolled in the RUTF program were able to recovered, with an incidence of 9.83 (95% CI: 3.12, 13.44) per 100 person-month observations. Being divorced (AHR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.69) and being in the WHO advanced stage (AHR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.79) was a negative predictor. Being in the age range of 18–29 and 30–39 and having a working functional status (AHR = 2; 95% CI: 1.25, 3.23) were positive predictors. Conclusion Nutritional recovery in this study lower than WHO Sphere requirements. Age between 18 and 39 and working functional status were good indicators of nutritional recovery, whereas advanced WHO clinical stage and divorced marital status were negative predictors.
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379
Place branding: Religion in shaping the three-dimensional essence of a city brand through stakeholder engagement
Xiufang (Leah) Li, Abdullah Alahmari, Bruno Schivinski
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.01.2024
Tilføjet 24.01.2024
by Xiufang (Leah) Li, Abdullah Alahmari, Bruno Schivinski This study explores the role of religion in engaging stakeholders in branding a place on social media and unmasks what implications this has for (re)constructing the three-dimensional meanings of a place brand. Using the content analysis method to examine the case of Saudi Arabia, it probes how the key stakeholder groups of the government and the residents structure and interact with the narratives of the cities—Jeddah and Riyadh—on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. The results show the Islamic religion serves as a powerful tool for motivating the residents to engage in the government-led city branding initiatives at the individual level. However, the strategy of dwelling on religion to mobilize resident engagement at the individual level towards the social level with the aim of growing resources in support of social development should be reassessed within a dynamic social system. Theoretically, the proposed framework of religion city branding expands the scope of stakeholder engagement in place branding research through the integration with the driver of religion, especially unveiling how religious factors shape the personality traits of a place brand. It contributes to the practical sense that religious elements might be deployed by the key stakeholder groups of the government and residents in city branding initiatives, which potentially contributes to their relationship and the engagement of residents in co-creating a place brand with the government. This Saudi-focused study, therefore, possesses significance for place branding practices in Middle Eastern countries and beyond.
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380
Increasing age and duration of sex work among female sex workers in South Africa and implications for HIV incidence estimation: Bayesian evidence synthesis and simulation exercise
Infectious Disease Modelling, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 23 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Nanina Anderegg, Mariette Slabbert, Kholi Buthelezi, Leigh F. Johnson
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381
Incidence of tuberculosis in Europe 2001-2021 and relationship to gross domestic product (GDP) – the continued need for levelling-up between European nations
John E. Moore, Beverley C. Millar
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is 13th leading cause of death globally and the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease after COVID-19 (above HIV and AIDS).1 In 2021, it is estimated that 10.6 million people worldwide developed TB, including six million men, 3.4 million women and 1.2 million children, and in that year, approximately 1.6 million people died from TB, including 187 000 people with HIV.1
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382
Targeting the HIV-1 Env fusion protein
Andrea Du Toit
Nat Rev Microbiol, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
383
HIV drug resistance to integrase inhibitors in low- and middle-income countries
Joseph Fokam, Seth Inzaule, Vittorio Colizzi, Carlo-Federico Perno, Jean Kaseya, Nicaise Ndembi
Nature, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
384
Transmission of fluoroquinolones resistance among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: a retrospective population-based genomic epidemiology study
Minjuan LiYangyi ZhangZheyuan WuYuan JiangRuoyao SunJinghui YangJing LiHonghua LinRui ZhangQi JiangLili WangXiaocui WuFangyou YuJianhui YuanChongguang YangXin Shena School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, People’s Republic of Chinab Division of TB and HIV/AIDS Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinac Shanghai Institutes of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinag Nanshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
385
Risk factors for herpes zoster infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis unveiling common trends and heterogeneity patterns
Infection, 22.01.2024
Tilføjet 22.01.2024
Abstract Purpose The burden of herpes zoster (HZ) is substantial and numerous chronic underlying conditions are known as predisposing risk factors for HZ onset. Thus, a comprehensive study is needed to synthesize existing evidence. This study aims to comprehensively identify these risk factors. Methods A systematic literature search was done using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies published from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2023. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled Odds Ratios (OR). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. For sensitivity analyses basic outlier removal, leave-one-out validation and Graphic Display of Heterogeneity (GOSH) plots with different algorithms were employed to further analyze heterogeneity patterns. Finally, a multiple meta-regression was conducted. Results Of 6392 considered records, 80 were included in the meta-analysis. 21 different conditions were identified as potential risk factors for HZ: asthma, autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), depression, diabetes, digestive disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, hematological disorders, HIV, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mental health conditions, musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, psoriasis, renal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and transplantation. Transplantation was associated with the highest risk of HZ (OR = 4.51 (95% CI [1.9–10.7])). Other risk factors ranged from OR = 1.17–2.87, indicating an increased risk for all underlying conditions. Heterogeneity was substantial in all provided analyses. Sensitivity analyses showed comparable results regarding the pooled effects and heterogeneity. Conclusions This study showed an increased risk of HZ infections for all identified factors.
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386
Enhanced NF-κB activation via HIV-1 Tat-TRAF6 cross-talk
Yang Li, Xi Liu, Koh Fujinaga, John D. Gross, Alan D. Frankel
Science Advances, 20.01.2024
Tilføjet 20.01.2024
387
Overcoming barriers and stigma: new frontiers in solid organ transplantation for people with HIV
K. StormC. M. Durand1Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 20.01.2024
Tilføjet 20.01.2024
388
Safety and immunogenicity of homologous prime‐boost CoronaVac vaccine in people living with HIV in China: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Yuxiao Wang, Xinquan Lan, Ying Qiao, Yuqi Huo, Li Wang, Shijie Liang, Maohe Yu, Moxin Song, Ying Yan, Bin Su, Junjie Xu
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
389
Cannabis Use Associates With Reduced Proviral Burden and Inflammatory Cytokine in Tissues From Men With Clade C HIV-1 on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) tissue reservoirs remain the main obstacle against an HIV cure. Limited information exists regarding cannabis’s effects on HIV-1 infections in vivo, and the impact of cannabis use on HIV-1 parenchymal tissue reservoirs is unexplored.Methods To investigate whether cannabis use alters HIV-1 tissue reservoirs, we systematically collected 21 postmortem brain and peripheral tissues from 20 men with subtype C HIV-1 and with suppressed viral load enrolled in Zambia, 10 of whom tested positive for cannabis use. The tissue distribution and copies of subtype C HIV-1 LTR, gag, env DNA and RNA, and the relative mRNA levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β1 were quantified using PCR-based approaches. Utilizing generalized linear mixed models we compared persons with HIV-1 and suppressed viral load, with and without cannabis use.Results The odds of tissues harboring HIV-1 DNA and the viral DNA copies in those tissues were significantly lower in persons using cannabis. Moreover, the transcription levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in lymphoid tissues of persons using cannabis were also significantly lower.Conclusions Our findings suggested that cannabis use is associated with reduced sizes and inflammatory cytokine expression of subtype C HIV-1 reservoirs in men with suppressed viral load.
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390
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among transgender women living with and without HIV in the eastern and southern United States
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Abstract Background Data on the epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among transgender women (TGW) with and without HIV are limited.Methods We analyzed baseline data collected from a cohort of adult TGW across 6 eastern and southern US cities between March 2018-August 2020 (n = 1,018). Participants completed oral HIV screening, provided self-collected rectal and urogenital specimens for chlamydia and gonorrhea testing, and provided sera specimens for syphilis testing. We assessed associations with ≥1 prevalent bacterial STI using modified Poisson regression.Results Bacterial STI prevalence was high and differed by HIV status: 32% among TGW with HIV and 11% among those without HIV (demographic-adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.91 [95%CI = 1.39-2.62]). Among TGW without HIV, bacterial STI prevalence differed by geographic region, race and ethnicity, and gender identity, and was positively associated with reporting >1 sexual partner, hazardous alcohol use, homelessness, having safety concerns regarding transit to healthcare, and no prior receipt of gender-affirming health services. Among TGW with HIV, older age was inversely associated with bacterial STI.Conclusions TGW had a high prevalence of bacterial STIs. The prevalence and correlates of bacterial STI differed by HIV status, highlighting the unique needs and risks of TGW with and without HIV. Tailored interventions may reduce sexual health-related inequities.
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391
Impact of HLA class I functional divergence on HIV control
Mathias Viard, Colm O’hUigin, Yuko Yuki, Arman A. Bashirova, David R. Collins, Jonathan M. Urbach, Steven Wolinsky, Susan Buchbinder, Gregory D. Kirk, James J. Goedert, Nelson L. Michael, David W. Haas, Steven G. Deeks, Bruce D. Walker, Xu Yu, Mary Carrington
Science, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
392
Risk factors for herpes zoster infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis unveiling common trends and heterogeneity patterns
Infection, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Abstract Purpose The burden of herpes zoster (HZ) is substantial and numerous chronic underlying conditions are known as predisposing risk factors for HZ onset. Thus, a comprehensive study is needed to synthesize existing evidence. This study aims to comprehensively identify these risk factors. Methods A systematic literature search was done using MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies published from January 1, 2003 to January 1, 2023. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled Odds Ratios (OR). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic. For sensitivity analyses basic outlier removal, leave-one-out validation and Graphic Display of Heterogeneity (GOSH) plots with different algorithms were employed to further analyze heterogeneity patterns. Finally, a multiple meta-regression was conducted. Results Of 6392 considered records, 80 were included in the meta-analysis. 21 different conditions were identified as potential risk factors for HZ: asthma, autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, chronic heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), depression, diabetes, digestive disorders, endocrine and metabolic disorders, hematological disorders, HIV, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mental health conditions, musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, psoriasis, renal disorders, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and transplantation. Transplantation was associated with the highest risk of HZ (OR = 4.51 (95% CI [1.9–10.7])). Other risk factors ranged from OR = 1.17–2.87, indicating an increased risk for all underlying conditions. Heterogeneity was substantial in all provided analyses. Sensitivity analyses showed comparable results regarding the pooled effects and heterogeneity. Conclusions This study showed an increased risk of HZ infections for all identified factors.
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393
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in people living with HIV: a review
Emily G. McDonaldAvideh AfsharBander AssiriTom BoylesJimmy M. HsuNinh KhuongConnor ProstyMiranda SoZahra N. SohaniGuillaume Butler-LaporteTodd C. Lee1Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada2Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada3Canadian Medication Appropriateness and Deprescribing Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada4Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada5Right to Care, NPC, Centurion, South Africa6London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom7Sinai Health System-University Health Network Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada8Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada9Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
394
Role of thymosin α1 in restoring immune response in immunological nonresponders living with HIV
BMC Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Abstract Background Immunological nonresponders (INRs) living with HIV are at increased risk of co-infection and multiple tumors, with no effective strategy currently available to restore their T-cell immune response. This study aimed to explore the safety and efficacy of thymosin α1 in reconstituting the immune response in INRs. Methods INRs with CD4 + T cell counts between 100 and 350 cells/μL were enrolled and received two-staged 1.6 mg thymosin α1 subcutaneous injections for 24 weeks (daily in the first 2 weeks and biweekly in the subsequent 22 weeks) while continuing antiretroviral therapy. T cell counts and subsets, the expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on T cells, and signal joint T cell receptor excision circles (sjTREC) at week 24 were evaluated as endpoints. Results Twenty three INRs were screened for eligibility, and 20 received treatment. The majority were male (19/20), with a median age of 48.1 years (interquartile range: 40.5–57.0) and had received antiretroviral therapy for 5.0 (3.0, 7.3) years. Multiple comparisons indicated that CD4 + T cell count and sjTREC increased after initiation of treatment, although no significant differences were observed at week 24 compared to baseline. Greatly, levels of CD4 + T cell proportion (17.2% vs. 29.1%, P
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395
Rapid Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy with Coformulated Bictegravir, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Versus Efavirenz, Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in HIV-positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: Week 48 Results of the Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Abstract Background Most international treatment guidelines recommend rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection, but experiences with rapid ART initiation remain limited in China. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of efavirenz (400-mg) plus lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (EFV + 3TC + TDF) versus coformulated bictegravir, emtricitabine, tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) in rapid ART initiation among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM).Methods This multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial enrolled MSM aged ≥18 years to start ART within 14 days of confirmed HIV diagnosis. The participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive EFV(400-mg) + 3TC + TDF or BIC/FTC/TAF. The primary end point was viral suppression (
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396
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Control in People With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Abstract Background Management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and other modifiable factors may mitigate the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH).Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 8285 PWH and 170 517 PWoH from an integrated health system. Risk factor control was measured using a novel disease management index (DMI) accounting for amount/duration above treatment goals (0% to 100% [perfect control]), including 2 DMIs for hypertension (diastolic and systolic blood pressure), 3 for dyslipidemia (low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglycerides), and 1 for diabetes (HbA1c). CVD risk by HIV status was evaluated overall and in subgroups defined by DMIs, smoking, alcohol use, and overweight/obesity in adjusted Cox proportional hazards models.Results PWH and PWoH had similar DMIs (80%–100%) except for triglycerides (worse for PWH) and HbA1c (better for PWH). In adjusted models, PWH had an elevated risk of CVD compared with PWoH (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.31). This association was attenuated in subgroups with controlled dyslipidemia and diabetes but remained elevated for PWH with controlled hypertension or higher total cholesterol. The strongest HIV status association with CVD was seen in the subgroup with frequent unhealthy alcohol use (HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.04–4.34).Conclusions Control of dyslipidemia and diabetes, but not hypertension, attenuated the HIV status association with CVD. The strong association of HIV and CVD with frequent unhealthy alcohol use suggests enhanced screening and treatment of alcohol problems in PWH is warranted.
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397
Torque Teno Virus load is associated with CDC stage and CD4+ cell count in people living with HIV but unrelated to AIDS-defining events and Human Pegivirus load
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Abstract Background Torque Teno Virus (TTV) is a non-enveloped, circular single-strand DNA virus and part of the human virome. The replication of TTV was related to the immune status in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs after organ transplantation. We hypothesize that TTV load could be an additional marker for immune function in people living with HIV (PLWH).Methods In this analysis serum samples of PLWH from the RESINA multicenter cohort were reanalysed for TTV. Investigated clinical and epidemiological parameters included Pegivirus (HPgV) load, age, sex, HIV load, CD4+ cell count (CDC 1, 2, 3) and CDC clinical stages (1993 CDC classification system, A, B, C) before initiation of antiretroviral treatment. Regression analysis was used to detect possible associations among parameters.Results Our analysis confirmed TTV as a strong predictor of CD4+ cell count and CDC class 3. This relationship was used to propose a first classification of TTV load in regard to clinical stage. We found no association with clinical CDC stages A, B and C. HPgV load was inversely correlated with HIV load but not TTV load.Conclusions TTV load was associated with immunodeficiency in PLWH. Neither TTV- nor HIV load were predictive for the clinical categories of HIV infection.
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398
Deciphering factors linked with reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Abstract Background Factors influencing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 remain to be resolved. Using data of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) on 6,270 people with HIV (PWH) and serologic assessment for SARS-CoV-2 and circulating-human-coronavirus (HCoV) antibodies, we investigated the association of HIV-related and general parameters with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 PCR-tests, COVID-19 related hospitalizations, and deaths reported to the SHCS between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs were determined in pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic (2020) bio-banked plasma and compared to HIV-negative individuals. We applied logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, and Bayesian multivariate regression to identify determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and Ab responses to SARS-CoV-2 in PWH.Results No HIV-1-related factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. High pre-pandemic HCoV antibodies were associated with a lower risk of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and with higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses upon infection. We observed a robust protective effect of smoking on SARS-CoV-2-infection risk (aOR= 0.46 [0.38,0.56], p=2.6*10-14), which occurred even in previous smokers, and was highest for heavy smokers.Conclusions Our findings of two independent protective factors, smoking and HCoV antibodies, both affecting the respiratory environment, underscore the importance of the local immune milieu in regulating susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
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399
Transcriptionally-active “defective” HIV-1 proviruses and their association with immunological non-response to antiretroviral therapy
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Abstract A subset of antiretroviral therapy-treated persons with HIV, referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs), fails to normalize CD4+ T-cell numbers. In a case-control study involving 26 INRs (CD4
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400
Mediation analysis of CKD risk factors using kidney biomarkers in women living with HIV
Edrosolan, Kristienne A.; Shlipak, Michael G.; Scherzer, Rebecca; Estrella, Michelle M.; Gustafson, Deborah; Karim, Roksana; Fisher, Molly; Cohen, Mardge; Kassaye, Seble; Dumond, Julie; Abraham, Alison; Mcculloch, Charles E.; Ascher, Simon B.
AIDS, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Objective: Novel urinary biomarkers reflecting kidney tubule health are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in persons living with HIV. However, it is unknown whether these biomarkers provide mechanistic insight into the associations between clinical risk factors for CKD and subsequent CKD risk. Methods: Among 636 women living with HIV in the Women\'s Interagency HIV Study with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 ml/min/1.73 m2, we used a counterfactual approach to causal mediation analysis to evaluate the extent to which systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), hemoglobin a1c (Hba1c) and serum albumin associations with incident CKD were mediated by eight urine proteins. These biomarkers reflect proximal tubular reabsorptive dysfunction (α1-microglobulin [a1m], β2-microglobulin, trefoil factor 3); tubular injury (interleukin 18 [IL-18], kidney injury molecule 1 [KIM-1]); kidney repair (epidermal growth factor); tubular reserve (uromodulin); and glomerular injury (urinary albumin). Incident CKD was defined as eGFR
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