47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hiv) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
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701
Leveraging social networks for identification of people living with HIV who are virally unsuppressed
Cummins, Breschine; Johnson, Kara; Schneider, John A.; Del Vecchio, Natascha; Moshiri, Niema; Wertheim, Joel O.; Goyal, Ravi; Skaathun, Britt
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Objectives: This study investigates primary peer-referral engagement (PRE) strategies to assess which strategy results in engaging higher numbers of people living with HIV (PLWH) who are virally unsuppressed. Design: We develop a modeling study that simulates an HIV epidemic (transmission, disease progression, and viral evolution) over 6 years using an agent-based model followed by simulating PRE strategies. We investigate two PRE strategies where referrals are based on social network strategies (SNS) or sexual partner contact tracing (SPCT). Methods: We parameterize, calibrate, and validate our study using data from Chicago on Black sexual minority men to assess these strategies for a population with high incidence and prevalence of HIV. For each strategy we calculate the number of PLWH recruited who are undiagnosed or out-of-care and the number of direct or indirect transmissions. Results: SNS and SPCT identified 256.5 (95% C.I.: [234,279]) and 15 (95% C.I.: [7,27]) PLWH, respectively. Of these, SNS identified 159 (95% C.I.: [142,177]) PLWH out-of-care and 32 (95% C.I.: [21, 43]]) PLWH undiagnosed compared to 9 (95% C.I.: [3,18]) and 2 (95% C.I.: [0,5]) for SPCT. SNS identified 15.5 (95% C.I.: [6,25]) and 7.5 (95% C.I.: [2, 11]]) indirect and direct transmission pairs, while SPCT identified 6 (95% C.I.: [0,8]) and 5 (95% C.I.: [0,8]), respectively. Conclusions: With no testing constraints, SNS is the more effective strategy to identify undiagnosed and out-of-care PLWH. Neither strategy is successful at identifying sufficient indirect or direct transmission pairs to investigate transmission networks. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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702
Post-treatment control after vertical HIV transmission: decoding innate immune differences may hold the key to potential cure
Filip, Iulia
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
703
Real-world use of antiretroviral therapy and risk of cancer among people living with HIV in Texas
Horner, Marie-Josephe; Shiels, Meredith S.; McNeel, Timothy S.; Monterosso, Analise; Miller, Paige; Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Engels, Eric A.
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) may reduce cancer risk among people living with HIV (PLWH), but cancer-specific associations are incompletely understood. Methods: We linked HIV and cancer registries in Texas to a national prescription claims database. cART use was quantified as the proportion of days covered (PDC). Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations of cancer risk with cART usage, adjusting for demographic characteristics, AIDS status, and time since HIV report. Results: We evaluated 63,694 PLWH followed for 276,804 person-years. The median cART PDC was 21.4% (interquartile range: 0.0%-59.8%). cART use was associated with reduced risk of Kaposi sarcoma (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.48, 95%CI 0.34–0.68 relative to unexposed status) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (0.41, 0.31–0.53), liver cancer (0.61, 0.39–0.96), anal cancer (0.65, 0.46–0.92), and a miscellaneous group of “other” cancers (0.80, 0.66–0.98). In contrast, cART-exposed status was not associated with risk for cervical, lung, colorectal, prostate or breast cancers. Conclusion: In a large HIV cohort incorporating data from prescription claims, cART was associated with greatly reduced risks of Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and to a lesser degree, reduced risks of liver and anal cancers. These associations likely reflect the beneficial effects of HIV suppression and improved immune control of oncogenic viruses. Efforts to increase cART use and adherence may further decrease cancer incidence among PLWH. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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704
Physical and mental health of long-term users of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Australia: The X-PLORE Cohort
Cornelisse, Vincent J.; Murphy, Dean; Lee, Sue J.; Stoove, Mark; Traeger, Michael W.; Wright, Edwina J.
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Introduction: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV. We aimed to assess mental and physical health among long-term PrEP users in Australia\'s X-PLORE cohort. Methods: In early 2021, 1,485 X-PLORE participants were emailed a survey covering demographics, sexual practices, ongoing PrEP use, physical and psychological diagnoses received since commencing PrEP, substance use, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current anxiety and depression were assessed using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Results: Of 476 participants (completion rate 32.1%), 99.8% were cis-gender men. Median PrEP use duration was 48 months (2,002 person-years), with 81.7% currently using PrEP. PrEP-related toxicity was uncommon: 2.9% reported bone fractures, 1.3% low bone density, and 4.0% reported kidney problems, largely not necessitating PrEP cessation. Most (92.0%) rated their health as “good” to “excellent”, and 22.6% reported improved health since starting PrEP, often due to improved mental health. Only 6.2% reported deterioration in health since starting PrEP, largely unrelated to PrEP. The most common diagnoses were hypertension (9.9%), depression (13.2%) and anxiety (14.9%); 17.0% had PHQ-9 scores indicating current moderate-to-severe depression, which was associated with unemployment (aOR 3.90), regular cannabis use (aOR 2.49), and having ceased PrEP (aOR 2.13). Conclusions: Among long-term PrEP users, of which over 80% were currently using PrEP, self-reported PrEP toxicity was uncommon. With almost one in five PrEP users categorised as having depression, and with higher risk among those having ceased PrEP, we recommend routine screening for depression and anxiety in PrEP users and corresponding follow-up of patients no longer attending for PrEP. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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705
Point-of-care ultrasound for tuberculosis and HIV – revisiting the FASH protocol and its differential diagnoses
Belard Sabine, Taccari Francesco, Kumwenda Tapiwa, Huson Mischa AM, Wallrauch Claudia, Heller Tom
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
The “Focused assessment with sonography for HIV-associated tuberculosis” (FASH) protocol has been applied and researched for over a decade in HIV-infected patients with suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Interpretation of target FASH features may be challenging as they can also indicate alternative opportunistic diseases.
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706
A systematic review on the molecular and clinical association between Human Papillomavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus co‐infection in Head, Neck and Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Shreya Chakraborty; Kanagavalli Ramasubbu; Manosi Banerjee; Menaka Priya Balaji; Yamini Vinayagam; Devi Rajeswari V;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Head and neck cancer, one of the most commonly prevalent malignancies globally is a complex category of tumours that comprises cancers of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. A specific subgroup of such cancers has been found with some unique chromosomal, therapeutic, and epidemiologic traits with the possibility of affecting via co‐infection. About 25% of all head and neck cancers in the population are human papillomavirus infection (HPV)‐associated, typically developing in the oropharynx, which comprises the tonsils. In the period of efficient combined antiviral treatment, HPV‐positive oral cancers are also becoming a significant contributor to illness and fatality for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)‐infected persons. Although the prevalence and historical background of oral HPV transmission are not thoroughly understood, it seems likely that oral HPV transmission is relatively frequent in HIV‐infected people when compared to the overall population. Therefore, there is a need to understand the mechanisms leading to this co‐infection, as there is very little research related to that. Hence, this study mainly focus on the therapeutical and biomedical analysis of HPV and HIV co‐infection in the above‐mentioned cancer, including oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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707
Heavy-chain CDR3-engineered B cells facilitate in vivo evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidates
Immunity, 2.08.2023
Tilføjet 2.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 1 August 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Wenhui He, Tianling Ou, Nickolas Skamangas, Charles C. Bailey, Naomi Bronkema, Yan Guo, Yiming Yin, Valerie Kobzarenko, Xia Zhang, Andi Pan, Xin Liu, Jinge Xu, Lizhou Zhang, Ava E. Allwardt, Debasis Mitra, Brian Quinlan, Rogier W. Sanders, Hyeryun Choe, Michael Farzan
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708
Humoral immune response to two doses of COVID‐19 mRNA‐based vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Negin Farhadian; Sara Sharifi; Mahdi Taghadosi; Maryam Farhadian; Siavash Vaziri;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
People living with HIV (PLWH) are susceptible to severe COVID‐19 infection and hence this fragile population has prioritised vaccination. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to assess the humoral immune response after receiving two doses schedule of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccinations in this high‐risk population. A systematic electronic search on the PubMed database and manual searches were performed for relevant articles until 30 Sep 2022. Two outcomes of interest were seroconversion rates and anti‐spike receptor binding domain (anti‐S‐RBD) antibody titres at the median time of 14–35 days following two‐dose vaccination among PLWH. Nineteen cohorts and one cross‐sectional study were eligible for inclusion in this study. The pooled estimate of seroconversion rate after receiving two doses of mRNA vaccination schedule were 98.4% and 75.2% among PLWH with CD4>500 cells/mm and CD4500 cells/mm had a 51% likelihood of having positive anti‐Spike‐RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) (OR: 0.509, 95% CI: 0.228, 1.133, = 0.098) post‐vaccination and this value was only 1.4% (OR: 0.014, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.078, = 0.000) for PLWH with CD4500 cells/mm and healthy controls ( = 0.06). The pooled median of anti‐S‐RBD IgG values were 1461.93 binding antibody units (BAU)/ml and 457.41 BAU/ml in PLWH with CD4>500 cells/mm and CD4
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709
Efficacy and safety of long‐acting cabotegravir versus oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐emtricitabine as HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Xiu Chen; Jun Li; Liqiu Kou; Xiaolu Xie; Deqing Wei; Yaling Li;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
WHO guidelines recommend daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) for pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) of HIV in people at high risk of HIV infection. However, due to social, psychological and other reasons, the compliance with daily oral TDF‐FTC in real life is low. Long‐acting cabotegravir is currently the only long‐acting drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for HIV PrEP. Due to the long dosing interval (8 weeks), long‐acting cabotegravir has low compliance requirements for people at high risk of HIV infection. We aimed to discuss the feasibility of long‐acting cabotegravir to replace TDF‐FTC as HIV PrEP based on efficacy and safety analyses. Randomized controlled trials were retrieved, and R software was used for meta‐analysis after data extraction. and discussion: Results of the meta‐analysis showed that compared with TDF‐FTC, long‐acting cabotegravir was associated with a lower risk of HIV infection (HR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08–0.59,
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710
Site-specific development and progressive maturation of human tissue-resident memory T cells over infancy and childhood
Immunity, 8.07.2023
Tilføjet 8.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 7 July 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Thomas J. Connors, Rei Matsumoto, Shivali Verma, Peter A. Szabo, Rebecca Guyer, Joshua Gray, Zicheng Wang, Puspa Thapa, Pranay Dogra, Maya M.L. Poon, Ksenia Rybkina, Marissa C. Bradley, Emma Idzikowski, James McNichols, Masaru Kubota, Kalpana Pethe, Yufeng Shen, Mark A. Atkinson, Maigan Brusko, Todd M. Brusko
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