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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hiv) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
712 emner vises.
Wahome, Elizabeth; Otieno, Fredrick O.; Kimani, Joshua; Boyd, Anders; Okall, Duncan; Nzioka, Joseph; Gichuru, Evans; van der Elst, Elise; Mehta, Supriya D.; Bailey, Robert C.; Graham, Susan M.; Sanders, Eduard J.
AIDS, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Introduction: Little is known about the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic had on risk of HIV acquisition in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the impact of COVID-19-related clinic closures on HIV incidence in a cohort of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW) in Kenya. Methods: MSM and TW enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study were followed quarterly for HIV testing, behavior assessments, and risk. We estimated the HIV incidence rate (IR) and its 95% credible intervals (CrI) among participants who were HIV-negative before COVID-19-related clinic closure, comparing IR and risk factors associated with HIV acquisition before vs. after clinic reopening, using a Bayesian Poisson model with weakly-informative priors. Results: A total of 690 (87%) participants returned for follow-up after clinic reopening [total person-years (PY) 664.3 during clinic closure and 1013.3 after clinic reopening]. HIV IR declined from 2.05/100PY (95%CrI = 1.22–3.26, n = 14) during clinic closures to 0.96/100PY (95%CrI = 0.41–2.07, n = 10) after clinic reopening (IRR = 0.47, 95%CrI = 0.20–1.01). The proportion of participants reporting hazardous alcohol use and several sexual risk behaviors was higher during clinic closures than after clinic reopening. In multivariable analysis adjusting for study site and participant characteristics, HIV incidence was lower after clinic reopening (IRR 0.57, 95%CrI = 0.23–1.33). Independent risk factors for HIV acquisition included receptive anal intercourse (IRR 1.94, 95%CrI = 0.88–4.80) and perceived risk of HIV (IRR 3.03, 95%CRI = 1.40–6.24). Conclusions: HIV incidence during COVID-19-related clinic closures was moderately increased and reduced after COVID-19 restrictions were eased. Ensuring access to services for key populations is important during public health emergencies. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhang, Haeyoung; Hindman, Jason T.; Lin, Ludwig; Davis, Maggie; Shang, Justin; Xiao, Deqing; Avihingsanon, Anchalee; Arora, Priyanka; Palaparthy, Ramesh; Girish, Sandhya; Marathe, Dhananjay D.
AIDS, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy and confirm the dose of once-daily bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF; B/F/TAF) during pregnancy. Design: An Open-label, multicenter, single-arm, Phase 1b study (NCT03960645) was conducted in 33 virologically suppressed pregnant women with HIV-1. Methods: Participants received B/F/TAF (50/200/25 mg) from the second or third trimester through ∼16 weeks postpartum. Steady-state maternal plasma PK samples were collected at the second and third trimesters and 6 and 12 weeks postpartum for BIC, FTC and TAF. Neonates (n = 29) were followed from birth to 4–8 weeks with sparse washout PK sampling for BIC and TAF. The proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA 6.5-fold greater than the protein-adjusted 95% effective concentration. In neonates, the median BIC half-life was 43 hours. Virologic suppression was maintained in all adult participants throughout the study, with no virologic failure or treatment-emergent resistance to HIV-1, no discontinuations due to adverse events, and no perinatal transmission. Conclusions: Exposures to BIC, FTC, and TAF were lower during pregnancy than postpartum. However, mean BIC trough concentrations were maintained at levels indicative of efficacious exposure, and FTC/TAF data were concordant with published literature in this population. PK and safety data, combined with maintenance of robust virologic suppression, suggest that once-daily B/F/TAF without dose adjustment is appropriate during pregnancy. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTrunfio, Mattia; Sacchi, Alessandra; Vai, Daniela; Pittaluga, Fabrizia; Croce, Michele; Cavallo, Rossana; Imperiale, Daniele; Bonora, Stefano; Di Perri, Giovanni; Letendre, Scott Lee; Calcagno, Andrea
AIDS, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Objective: HIV and EBV co-infection has been linked to increased immune activation and larger HIV reservoir. We assessed whether anti-EBV humoral responses are associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation and with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). Design: Cross-sectional analysis in 123 EBV-seropositive PWH either on antiretroviral therapy (n = 70) or not. Methods: Serum and CSF anti-EBV Viral Capsid Antigen Immunoglobulin G (anti-EVI) and CSF EBV DNA were measured by commercial immunoassay and RT-PCR. Seventy-eight participants without neurological confounding factors underwent neurocognitive assessment (Global Deficit Score, GDS). CSF total tau and 181-phosphorylated-tau (ptau) were measured by immunoassays together with biomarkers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immune activation, astrocytosis, and intrathecal synthesis. Logistic and linear regressions and moderation analysis were used to investigate the relationships between CSF anti-EVI, GDS, and biomarkers. Results: Twenty-one (17.1%) and twenty-two participants (17.9%) had detectable CSF anti-EVI (10.5–416.0 U/mL) and CSF EBV DNA (25–971 cp/mL). After adjusting for BBB integrity, age, and clinical factors, the presence of CSF anti-EVI was only associated with serum levels of anti-EVI, and not with CSF EBV DNA. CSF anti-EVI and tau and ptau showed reciprocal interactions affecting their associations with GDS. After adjusting for demographics and clinical parameters, higher CSF anti-EVI levels were associated with worse GDS (aβ 0.45, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 14 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Paolo Di Giamberardino, Daniela Iacoviello, Muhammad Zubair
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDivyadarshini AngamuthuSandhya VivekanandanLuke Elizabeth Hanna1Department of Virology & Biotechnology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Jennifer Dien Bard
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Makhosazane Nomhle Ndimande-Khoza, Ariana W. K. Katz, Sinead Moretlwe-Delany, Danielle Travill, Elzette Rousseau, Victor Omollo, Jennifer Morton, Rachel Johnson, Linda-Gail Bekker, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Jared Baeten, Connie Celum, Ariane van der Straten, Sarah T. Roberts
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Makhosazane Nomhle Ndimande-Khoza, Ariana W. K. Katz, Sinead Moretlwe-Delany, Danielle Travill, Elzette Rousseau, Victor Omollo, Jennifer Morton, Rachel Johnson, Linda-Gail Bekker, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Jared Baeten, Connie Celum, Ariane van der Straten, Sarah T. Roberts Introduction Effective use of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been lower among African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) than among older women, young men who have sex with men, and serodiscordant heterosexual couples in the region. Efforts to build PrEP support have centered around peers and male partners, but the family may also play an important role. This qualitative study aimed to describe family influence on PrEP use among AGYW in in three African cities. Methods POWER (Prevention Options for Women Evaluation Research) was a PrEP demonstration project among 2550 AGYW (16–25 years old) in Johannesburg and Cape Town, South Africa and Kisumu, Kenya conducted from 2017 to 2020. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with 136 AGYW participants to explore their PrEP views and experiences, including awareness and interest in PrEP; barriers and facilitators to uptake and use; the influence of family, peers, intimate partners, and community; and the key types of support for their PrEP use. Transcripts were coded and analysed thematically. Results The decision to initiate PrEP was associated with fear and anxiety linked to anticipated stigma from family members, and with family’s lived HIV experience. Family disclosure, especially to mothers, was important to participants, as most lived with their families and considered it essential for them to obtain their mother’s approval to use PrEP. Most family members, particularly mothers, provided instrumental, emotional, informational and appraisal support to participants using PrEP, including reminders, encouragement, and problem-solving. Participants reported that family members with insufficient information about PrEP safety and efficacy and who voiced concerns were a substantial barrier to their use. However, they often became supportive after receiving more PrEP information. Conclusion Families, particularly mothers, can play an important role in supporting PrEP use. PrEP programmes should leverage family support to help with PrEP persistence by providing basic information to families about PrEP safety and efficacy. AGYW using PrEP should be encouraged to selectively disclose PrEP use to build support and counseled on how to disclose and address family concerns.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
In the US Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Review titled “Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force” published in the August 22, 2023, issue of JAMA, the authors discovered an issue with one of the studies used in the analysis. For the DISCOVER trial, the analysis inconsistently included data from both an interim analysis (for which 100% of patients had completed 48 weeks and 50% had completed 96 weeks) as well as the full 96-week results. The estimates/conclusions are very similar, and both results for HIV infection are within the prespecified noninferiority threshold and both favor TAF-FTC (although the difference is not statistically significant). For harms, the Evidence Review text reported the full 96-week results, but the tables reported the primary (interim) harms results. As reported in the Supplement, the resistance data also changed slightly—instead of including resistance results for 19 infections, the full 96-week analysis included resistance results for 20 infections. The Evidence Review has been updated to report the full 96-week results in the abstract, text, tables, and Supplement. The updated data do not affect the conclusions of either the Evidence Report or the accompanying Recommendation Statement. This article has been corrected online.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
In the US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement titled “Preexposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Acquisition of HIV: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement” published in the August 22, 2023, issue of JAMA, some data were incorrect, owing to incomplete reporting of results in the accompanying Evidence Review. In the Supporting Evidence section, Benefits of Preventive Medication subsection, in the paragraph beginning “One trial, DISCOVER (n = 5335)…,” the sample size reported for the DISCOVER trial as 5335 should have been 5387, and the relative risk data reported at the end of that paragraph as (RR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.19-1.14]) should have been (RR, 0.53 [95% CI, 0.23-1.26]). In the Harms of Preventive Medication subsection, in the paragraph beginning “An additional concern…,” the sample size reported for the DISCOVER trial as 5335 should have been 5387, and the number of patients who tested positive for HIV reported as 19 should have been 20. This article has been corrected online.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
This Viewpoint discusses the importance of the US Congress reauthorizing funding for the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, a program developed in 2003 that has played a critical role in fighting HIV/AIDS worldwide as well as other emerging infections and noncommunicable diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) have a disproportionately higher risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than other groups. Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective prevention tool and should be offered to those at higher risk. Identifying demand creation strategies (DCS) and retention strategies (RS) to improve PrEP persistence is essential to control the HIV epidemic. Aim We aimed to identify the (DCS and RS with higher proportions among MSM and TGW. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies were conducted, with studies retrieved from five databases until November, 2022 following the Cochrane and PRISMA guidelines. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022323220). The outcomes were DCS and RS for PrEP use among MSM and TGW. Strategies used for users enrolled in the PrEP-recruited (DCS) were classified as face-to-face (peer educator recruitment at social venues, nongovernmental organizations, and parties; direct referrals by health services; friends and/or sexual partners); online (chatbot or peer educator recruitment on social media [e.g., , Instagram or Facebook] or dating/hook-up apps [e.g., Grindr, Tinder, Badoo, and Scruff]); and mixed (face-to-face and online). RS was classified as provider counseling (face-to-face by a health professional; prevention of HIV risk counseling, distribution of condoms, lubricants, and testing for HIV or other sexually transmitted infections); online counseling (text messages, chatbots, telephone calls, social media, and peer educators); and mixed (all previous strategies). Subgroup analyses were conducted for each treatment strategy. Meta-analyses were performed using the R software version 4.2.1. Results A total of 1, 129 studies were retrieved from the five databases. After eligibility, 46 studies were included. For MSM, most DCS and RS were online at 91% (95% CI: 0.85–0.97; I2=53%), and 83% (95% CI: 0.80–0.85; I2=17%) respectively. For TGW, mixed DCS and RS were the most frequent at85% (95% CI: 0.60–1.00; I2=91%) and online counseling at 84% (95% CI: 0.64–0.95) compared to other strategies. Conclusion Critical issues play. Pivotal role in increasing PrEP awareness among MSM and TGW, minimizing access gaps, and ensuring retention of PrEP services. Offering oral PrEP using online DCS and RS can reach and retain high numbers of MSM and TGW, and reduce HIV incidence in these populations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Background A surge of more than 80 million Omicron variant infected cases was reported in China less than a month after the "zero COVID" strategy ended on December 7, 2022. In this circumstance, whether people living with HIV (PLWH) in China experience a similar risk is not clear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wuchang District of Wuhan between December 20, 2022, and January 18, 2023 through a self-administered online survey. PLWH and HIV-negative people aged ≥ 18 years old who volunteered for this survey were eligible. The prevalence of Omicron variant infection between PLWH and HIV-negative people was compared, and the factors associated with the Omicron variant infection among PLWH and HIV-negative people were further evaluated, respectively. Results In total, 890 PLWH and 1,364 HIV-negative adults from Wuchang District were enrolled. Among these participants, 690 PLWH (77.5%) and 1163 HIV-negative people (85.3%) reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gender, chronic disease conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status significantly differed between the two groups. After adjusting gender, age, comorbidities, and COVID-19 vaccination status, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH was significantly lower than among HIV-negative people (aOR 0.56, 95%CI 0.42–0.76). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PLWH with older age and detectable HIV-viral load (HIV-VL) had decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–0.99; aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.36–0.97). Compared with PLWH receiving one/two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, no significant differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed among PLWH receiving three doses of inactivated vaccines and four doses of vaccines (three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored vaccine). Among HIV-negative people, those receiving four doses of COVID-19 vaccines had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than those receiving one/two doses (aOR 0.14, 95%CI 0.08–0.25). Conclusions Our study proves that PLWH have a lower risk of Omicron variant infection than HIV-negative people. However, even PLWH with younger age and virological suppression should strengthen the prevention against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant AD5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine may provide better protection for HIV-negative people.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNature, 13.11.2023
Tilføjet 13.11.2023
Maryam Shahmanesh, Natsayi Chimbindi, Frances M. Cowan
Nature, 13.11.2023
Tilføjet 13.11.2023
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 13.11.2023
Tilføjet 13.11.2023
AbstractCD8 T cells recognize infected and cancerous cells via their T cell receptor (TCR), which binds peptide-MHC complexes on the target cell. The affinity of the interaction between the TCR and peptide-MHC contributes to the antigen sensitivity, or functional avidity, of the CD8 T cell. In response to peptide-MHC stimulation, the TCR-CD3 complex and CD8 co-receptor are downmodulated. We quantified CD3 and CD8 downmodulation following stimulation of human CD8 T cells with CMV, EBV, and HIV peptides spanning eight MHC restrictions, observing a strong correlation between the levels of CD3 and CD8 downmodulation and functional avidity, regardless of peptide viral origin. In TCR-transduced T cells targeting a tumor-associated antigen, changes in TCR-peptide affinity were sufficient to modify CD3 and CD8 downmodulation. Correlation analysis and generalized linear modelling indicated that CD3 downmodulation was the stronger correlate of avidity. CD3 downmodulation, simply measured using flow cytometry, can be used to identify high-avidity CD8 T cells in a clinical context.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGeorge M. Bwire; Belinda J. Njiro; Harieth P. Ndumwa; Castory G. Munishi; Bonaventura C. Mpondo; Mathew Mganga; Emmanuel Mang'ombe; Muhammad Bakari; Raphael Z. Sangeda; Christopher R. Sudfeld; Japthet Killewo;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Differentiated service delivery (DSD) models, such as adherence clubs (ACs), are client‐centred approaches where clinically stable people living with HIV (PLHIV) meet to receive various services, including psychosocial support, brief symptoms screening, and refills of antiretroviral medications, among others. We conducted a review to assess the impact of DSD models, including ACs, on sustaining retention in care (RC) and achieving viral suppression (VS) among PLHIV in sub‐Saharan Africa. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023418988). We searched the literature from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar from their inception through May 2023. Eligible randomised controlled trials of adherence clubs were reviewed to assess impact on retention and viral suppression. Random effect models were used to estimate the risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The literature search yielded a total of 1596 records of which 16 randomised clinical trials were determined to be eligible. The trials were conducted in diverse populations among adults and children with a total of 13,886 participants. The RR between any DSD models and standard of care (SoC) was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.08–1.11, : 0%, :
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShivani Malvankar; Anjali Singh; Y. S. Ravi Kumar; Swetangini Sahu; Megha Shah; Yamini Murghai; Mahendra Seervi; Rupesh K. Srivastava; Bhupendra Verma;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) emerged in December 2019, causing a range of respiratory infections from mild to severe. This resulted in the ongoing global COVID‐19 pandemic, which has had a significant impact on public health. The World Health Organization declared COVID‐19 as a global pandemic in March 2020. Viruses are intracellular pathogens that rely on the host\'s machinery to establish a successful infection. They exploit the gene expression machinery of host cells to facilitate their own replication. Gaining a better understanding of gene expression modulation in SARS‐CoV2 is crucial for designing and developing effective antiviral strategies. Efforts are currently underway to understand the molecular‐level interaction between the host and the pathogen. In this review, we describe how SARS‐CoV2 infection modulates gene expression by interfering with cellular processes, including transcription, post‐transcription, translation, post‐translation, epigenetic modifications as well as processing and degradation pathways. Additionally, we emphasise the therapeutic implications of these findings in the development of new therapies to treat SARS‐CoV2 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarta Calado; David Pires; Carolina Conceição; Quirina Santos‐Costa; Elsa Anes; José Miguel Azevedo‐Pereira;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy in controlling viral load and reducing the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, an estimated 1.5 million new infections occurred worldwide in 2021. These new infections are mainly the result of sexual intercourse and thus involve cells present on the genital mucosa, such as dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (Mø) and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Understanding the mechanisms by which HIV interacts with these cells and how HIV exploits these interactions to establish infection in a new human host is critical to the development of strategies to prevent and control HIV transmission. In this review, we explore how HIV has evolved to manipulate some of the physiological roles of these cells, thereby gaining access to strategic cellular niches that are critical for the spread and pathogenesis of HIV infection. The interaction of HIV with DCs, Mø and CD4+ T lymphocytes, and the role of the intercellular transfer of viral particles through the establishment of the infectious or virological synapses, but also through membrane protrusions such as filopodia and tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs), and cell fusion or cell engulfment processes are presented and discussed.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background Young students infected with HIV have become a significant public health issue in China, this study aimed to understand the factors influencing the choice of having multiple sexual partners among male college students who had casual heterosexual sex in Zhejiang Province and to scientifically justify developing HIV/AIDS intervention strategies among them. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used for the survey of students from 13 colleges or universities in Zhejiang Province between October and November 2018. The questionnaire collected information on general demographic characteristics, knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment, sexual attitudes and risk awareness, sexual behavioural characteristics, and acceptance of interventions. The univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted in this study. Results Study participants included 362 male college students who exhibited casual heterosexual sex and were aware of the number of sexual partners they had. Among them, 222 students engaged in casual heterosexual sex with multiple sexual partners (61.33%). The results of the multivariable analysis revealed several factors associated with male students’ choice to have multiple sexual partners: monthly living expenses greater than or equal to 1501 CNY (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.21–4.16), sexual behavior after consuming alcohol (adjusted OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.32–3.63), whose casual partner types were non-student (adjusted OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.45–4.22), and those who discussed using condoms during sexual intercourse (adjusted OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.28–0.89). Conclusion The choice to engage in casual heterosexual sex with multiple partners was found to be associated with several factors among male college students, including economic status, engaging in sexual behavior after consuming alcohol, the type of the casual partner, and using condoms. These findings highlight the significance of implementing targeted interventions and comprehensive sexual health education programs within college settings in order to encourage safer sexual practices among students.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background Ciswomen constitute a disproportionately low percentage of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (PrEP) users compared to men. Despite PrEP’s effectiveness, women are 5.25 times less likely to take PrEP than men. Identifying women who have increased reasons for HIV prevention and educating and offering PrEP to these women is crucial to reducing HIV transmission and overall health equity. However, the best method of identifying women at highest risk of acquiring HIV remains unknown. This study aimed to identify common HIV risk factors and data sources for identifying these common factors (e.g., electronic medical record data, open source neighborhood data), as well as potential intervention points and missed opportunities for PrEP linkage. Methods We conducted an evaluation of multiple data sources: semi-structured qualitative interviews, electronic medical record (EMR) chart abstraction, and open source data abstraction. We accessed EMRs for enrolled participants and all participants signed a standard release of medical information (ROI) form for all institutions at which they had received medical care for the five-year period preceding their HIV diagnosis. Data were abstracted using a standardized procedure. Both structured and unstructured fields (i.e., narrative text of free notes) within the EMR were examined and included for analysis. Finally, open data sources (e.g., STI cases, HIV prevalence) were examined by community area of Chicago. Open data sources were used to examine several factors contributing to the overall Economic Hardship Index (EHI) score. We used these calculated scores to assess the economic hardship within participants’ neighborhoods. Results A total of 18 cisgender women with HIV participated in our study. Participants were mostly Black/African American (55.6%) and young (median age of 34). Our analysis identified two main themes influencing HIV risk among participants: contextual factors and relationship factors. Further, potential pre-diagnosis intervention points and missed opportunities were identified during reproductive health/prenatal visits, behavioral/mental health visits, and routine STI testing. Our evaluation of multiple data sources included investigating the presence or absence of information in the EMR (STI history, HIV testing, substance use, etc.) as well as whether pertinent information could be gathered from open access sources. Conclusion Ciswomen recently diagnosed with HIV identified many shared experiences, including syndemic conditions like mental illness and substance abuse, sex with men who have sex with men, and frequent moving in areas with high HIV incidence prior to their diagnosis. It is imperative that providers ask patients about social history, information about partners, and other key variables, in addition to the standardized questions. Findings can be used to better recognize ciswomen most vulnerable to HIV and offer PrEP to them, reducing HIV transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background Parasitological investigation of bone marrow, splenic or lymph node aspirations is the gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, this invasive test requires skilled clinical and laboratory staff and adequate facilities, and sensitivity varies depending on the tissue used. The direct agglutination test (DAT) is a serological test that does not need specialised staff, with just minimal training required. While previous meta-analysis has shown DAT to have high sensitivity and specificity when using parasitology as the reference test for diagnosis, meta-analysis of DAT compared to other diagnostic techniques, such as PCR and ELISA, that are increasingly used in clinical and research settings, has not been done. Methods We conducted a systematic review to determine the diagnostic performance of DAT compared to all available tests for the laboratory diagnosis of human VL. We searched electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, WoS Science Citation Index, Wiley Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Africa-Wide Information, LILACS and WHO Global Index. Three independent reviewers screened reports and extracted data from eligible studies. A meta-analysis estimated the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of DAT. Results Of 987 titles screened, 358 were selected for full data extraction and 78 were included in the analysis, reporting on 32,822 participants from 19 countries. Studies included were conducted between 1987–2020. Meta-analysis of studies using serum and DAT compared to any other test showed pooled sensitivity of 95% (95%CrI 90–98%) and pooled specificity of 95% (95%CrI 88–98%). Results were similar for freeze-dried DAT and liquid DAT when analysed separately. Sensitivity was lower for HIV-positive patients (90%, CrI 59–98%) and specificity was lower for symptomatic patients (70%, CrI 43–89%). When comparing different geographical regions, the lowest median sensitivity (89%, CrI 67–97%) was in Western Asia (five studies). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates high estimated pooled sensitivity and specificity of DAT for diagnosis of VL, although sensitivity and specificity were lower for different patient groups and geographical locations. This review highlights the lack of standardisation of DAT methods and preparations, and the lack of data from some important geographical locations. Future well-reported studies could provide better evidence to inform test implementation for different patient populations and use cases. PROSPERO registration CRD42021240830
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRushil Harryparsad, Bahiah Meyer, Ongeziwe Taku, Myrna Serrano, Pai Lien Chen, Xiaoming Gao, Anna-Lise Williamson, Celia Mehou-Loko, Florence Lefebvre d’Hellencourt, Jennifer Smit, Jerome Strauss, Kavita Nanda, Khatija Ahmed, Mags Beksinska, Gregory Buck, Charles Morrison, Jennifer Deese, Lindi Masson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
by Rushil Harryparsad, Bahiah Meyer, Ongeziwe Taku, Myrna Serrano, Pai Lien Chen, Xiaoming Gao, Anna-Lise Williamson, Celia Mehou-Loko, Florence Lefebvre d’Hellencourt, Jennifer Smit, Jerome Strauss, Kavita Nanda, Khatija Ahmed, Mags Beksinska, Gregory Buck, Charles Morrison, Jennifer Deese, Lindi Masson Background South Africa is among the countries with the highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). In 2017, there were an estimated 6 million new CT, 4.5 million NG and 71 000 Treponema pallidum infections among South African men and women of reproductive age. Methods We evaluated STI prevalence and incidence and associated risk factors in 162 women aged 18–33 years old, residing in eThekwini and Tshwane, South Africa who were part of the Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) trial. Women were randomised to use depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 53), copper intrauterine device (n = 51), or levonorgestrel (n = 58) implant. Lateral vaginal wall swab samples were collected prior to contraceptive initiation and at months one and three following contraceptive initiation for STI testing. Results There were no significant differences in STI incidence and prevalence across contraceptive groups. At baseline, 40% had active STIs (CT, NG, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) or herpes simplex virus-2 shedding across all age groups– 18–21 years (46%), 22–25 years (42%) and 26–33 years (29%). The incidence of STIs during follow-up was exceptionally high (107.9/100 women-years [wy]), with younger women (18–21 years) more likely to acquire CT (75.9/100 wy) compared to 26–33 year olds (17.4/100 wy; p = 0.049). TV incidence was higher in the 26–33 year old group (82.7/100 wy) compared to the 18–21 year olds (8.4/100 wy; p = 0.01). Conclusions Although the study participants received extensive counselling on the importance of condom use, this study highlights the high prevalence and incidence of STIs in South African women, especially amongst young women, emphasising the need for better STI screening and management strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBustanul Arifin, M. Rifqi Rokhman, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Marianti Mangau, Saidah Rauf, Rasuane Noor, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Jurjen van der Schans, Maarten J. Postma
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
by Bustanul Arifin, M. Rifqi Rokhman, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Marianti Mangau, Saidah Rauf, Rasuane Noor, Retna Siwi Padmawati, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Jurjen van der Schans, Maarten J. Postma Indonesia’s total number of HIV/AIDS cases is still high. Inadequate knowledge about the risk of HIV infection will influence HIV prevention and therapy. This study aimed to map the level of HIV-related knowledge among Indonesians living on six major islands in Indonesia and investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and HIV/AIDS knowledge. This cross-sectional study used the Bahasa Indonesia version of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 items (HIV-KQ-18) Instrument. Data collection was done online through the Google form application. A total of 5,364 participants were recruited. The participants from Java had the highest degree of HIV/AIDS knowledge, which was 12.5% higher than participants from Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, and Maluku. Linear regression showed that region, educational level, monthly expenditure, occupation, background in health sciences, and workshop attendance were significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Participants typically understand that \'HIV/AIDS transmission\' only happens when sex partners are changed. Additionally, the government still needs improvement in HIV/AIDS education, particularly in the HIV incubation period, HIV transmission from pregnant women to the fetus, and condom use as one method of protection. There are disparities in HIV/AIDS knowledge levels among the major islands of Indonesia. Based on these findings, the government’s health promotion program to increase public awareness of HIV/AIDS must be implemented vigorously. Additionally, in line with our research findings, it is essential to broaden the scope of HIV/AIDS education and promotion materials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWafaa M. El-SadrMyron S. Cohen
Science, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Roshan Tamang, Vallanattu James Jins, Sailendra Dewan, Shivaji Chaudhry, Seema Rawat, Bhoj Kumar Acharya
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
by Roshan Tamang, Vallanattu James Jins, Sailendra Dewan, Shivaji Chaudhry, Seema Rawat, Bhoj Kumar Acharya Common species often play vital roles in ecosystem functions and processes. Globally, conservation strategies are mostly focused on threatened species and rarely explored the potential of using common species as indicators of critical ecosystems. The Himalayan mountains have unique riverine ecosystems harbouring high diversity of specialist river birds. Ecological niche modelling provides effective tools to predict suitable habitats of a species and identify habitats for conservation. We used two common water-dependent bird species, Blue Whistling Thrush and White-capped Water Redstart as indicators of riverine ecosystems within the Sikkim Himalayan region and predicted their suitable habitats using an ensemble modelling approach. We selected six predictor variables for the final model including three bioclimatic and three topographic variables. For both species, bioclimatic variables such as mean annual temperature and precipitation were the most important factors compared to topographic variables. At least 70 percent of the most suitable habitats are distributed below 2000 m elevation alongside major drainages. Also, most of their potential habitats are distributed outside the protected area networks in the region. This habitat suitability pattern may be applied to other sympatric species in the region. Since major water bodies in Sikkim are largely affected by developmental activities and climate change, these riverine birds might face threats of losing suitable habitats. We recommend a dynamic approach to evaluate the habitat quality of riverine birds, especially outside protected area networks in the region to plan conservation strategies. This approach will ensure habitat conservation of many water-dependent birds and other taxa associated with the riverine ecosystems of the Eastern Himalaya.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients. Case Presentation This report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS). Conclusion This is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients. Case Presentation This report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS). Conclusion This is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Globally, there were an estimated 7.1 million new syphilis infections in 2020, with more than 30% of these new infections reported in African countries such as Sierra Leone. Despite this, there is no HIV-specific syphilis screening program in Sierra Leone. Thus, data are needed to inform public health practice. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of syphilis seropositivity and factors associated with syphilis seropositivity among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 health facilities in Sierra Leone, among adults with HIV, aged 18 years or older, from September 2022 to January 2023. Parameters of interest were collected including age, sex, marriage, antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, HIV viral load, duration of ART treatment, and hospital level of care. The syphilis antibody was detected by a rapid test based on immunochromatography assay. Data were analyzed using R-software version 4.2.3 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were applied to assess the differences in syphilis seropositivity between groups as appropriate. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with syphilis seropositivity. The level of statistical significance was set at P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Globally, there were an estimated 7.1 million new syphilis infections in 2020, with more than 30% of these new infections reported in African countries such as Sierra Leone. Despite this, there is no HIV-specific syphilis screening program in Sierra Leone. Thus, data are needed to inform public health practice. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of syphilis seropositivity and factors associated with syphilis seropositivity among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 health facilities in Sierra Leone, among adults with HIV, aged 18 years or older, from September 2022 to January 2023. Parameters of interest were collected including age, sex, marriage, antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, HIV viral load, duration of ART treatment, and hospital level of care. The syphilis antibody was detected by a rapid test based on immunochromatography assay. Data were analyzed using R-software version 4.2.3 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were applied to assess the differences in syphilis seropositivity between groups as appropriate. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with syphilis seropositivity. The level of statistical significance was set at P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Neurological disorders are still prevalent in HIV-infected people. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological disorders and identify their risk factors in HIV-infected persons in Taiwan. Methods We identified 30,101 HIV-infected people between 2002 and 2016 from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, and analyzed the incidence of neurological disorders. We applied a retrospective, nested case–control study design. The individuals with (case group) and without (control group) a neurological disorder were then matched by age, sex and time. Factors associated with neurological disorders were analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model, and a nomogram was generated to estimate the risk of developing a neurological disorder. Results The incidence of neurological disorders was 13.67 per 1000 person-years. The incidence remained stable during the observation period despite the use of early treatment and more tolerable modern anti-retroviral therapy. The conditional logistic regression model identified nine clinical factors and comorbidities that were associated with neurological disorders, namely age, substance use, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric illness, HIV-associated opportunistic infections, frequency of emergency department visits, cART adherence, urbanization, and monthly income. These factors were used to establish the nomogram. Conclusion Neurological disorders are still prevalent in HIV-infected people in Taiwan. To efficiently identify those at risk, we established a nomogram with nine risk factors. This nomogram could prompt clinicians to initiate further evaluations and management of neurological disorders in this population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background Neurological disorders are still prevalent in HIV-infected people. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological disorders and identify their risk factors in HIV-infected persons in Taiwan. Methods We identified 30,101 HIV-infected people between 2002 and 2016 from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, and analyzed the incidence of neurological disorders. We applied a retrospective, nested case–control study design. The individuals with (case group) and without (control group) a neurological disorder were then matched by age, sex and time. Factors associated with neurological disorders were analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model, and a nomogram was generated to estimate the risk of developing a neurological disorder. Results The incidence of neurological disorders was 13.67 per 1000 person-years. The incidence remained stable during the observation period despite the use of early treatment and more tolerable modern anti-retroviral therapy. The conditional logistic regression model identified nine clinical factors and comorbidities that were associated with neurological disorders, namely age, substance use, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric illness, HIV-associated opportunistic infections, frequency of emergency department visits, cART adherence, urbanization, and monthly income. These factors were used to establish the nomogram. Conclusion Neurological disorders are still prevalent in HIV-infected people in Taiwan. To efficiently identify those at risk, we established a nomogram with nine risk factors. This nomogram could prompt clinicians to initiate further evaluations and management of neurological disorders in this population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuizheng ZhangPing WuJungang LiMei Lia Central Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, Chinab Department of Tuberculosis, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
Virulence, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Wirth, Marielle; Ruckes, Christian; Michel, Maurice; Schattenberg, Jörn M.
AIDS, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
Objective: Early detection of hepatic steatosis in people with HIV could prevent progression and inflammation. The aim was to develop and validate a multivariable risk prediction model for HS in German PWH. Design: In this cohort study, 282 PWH were prospectively enrolled, and hepatic steatosis was defined via controlled attenuation parameter (CAP; ≥ 275 dB/m) using vibration-controlled transient elastography. Methods: Three multivariable logistic regression models were conducted. Missing values were imputed with multiple imputation. Cut-offs were derived based on Youden-Indices. Performance was assessed via discriminatory and calibrative ability and accuracy via Brier Skill Score. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values were calculated. Internal validation was performed via bootstrapping. Results: The prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 35.3% (100/282). Univariate analyses revealed associations with age, waist circumference, BMI, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and gamma-gt. In multivariable analyses, male sex (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.42–3.00, p = .001) and BMI (OR 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18–1.36, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKoofhethile, Catherine K.; Gao, Ce; Chang, Charlotte; Lian, Xiaodong; Shapiro, Roger; Yu, Xu G.; Lichterfeld, Mathias; Kanki, Phyllis
AIDS, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
Background: Compared with HIV-1 infection, HIV-2 infection is associated with a slower progression to AIDS. Understanding the persistence of HIV-2 infection might inform the mechanisms responsible for differences in the pathogenicity of HIV-2 versus HIV-1. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the genetic composition of the proviral reservoir in archived blood samples collected from 13 untreated HIV-2-infected adults from Senegal. We used single-genome, near-full-length individual proviral sequencing (FLIP-Seq) to assess the relative frequency of intact and defective proviruses. Results: Ten out of 13 (77%) study subjects demonstrated virologic suppression (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChan, Phillip; Moreland, Sarah; Sacdalan, Carlo; Kroon, Eugene; Colby, Donn; Sriplienchan, Somchai; Pinyakorn, Suteeraporn; Phanuphak, Nittaya; Jagodzinski, Linda; Valcour, Victor; Vasan, Sandhya; Paul, Robert; Trautmann, Lydie; Spudich, Serena
AIDS, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
Objective: HIV-1 invades the brain within days post-transmission. This study quantitated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell count (WBC) and investigated whether it associated with plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA during untreated acute HIV infection (AHI). Design: Seventy participants underwent lumbar puncture during Fiebig stages I-V AHI. Method: WBC and HIV-1 RNA with a lower limit of quantification (LLQ) of 80 cps/mL were measured in CSF. Results: Sixty-nine (99%) participants were male, with a median age of 26. Their blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts were 335 (IQR 247,553) and 540 (IQR 357,802) cells/ul, respectively. Forty-five (64%) were in Fiebig stages III-V whereas 25 (36%) were in Feibig stages I-II. Thirty-six (59%) experienced acute retroviral syndrome. Median plasma and CSF HIV-1 RNA were 6.10 (IQR 5.15,6.78) and 3.15 (IQR 1.90,4.11) log10cps/mL, respectively. Sixteen (23%) CSF samples had HIV-1 RNA below LLQ. Median CSF WBC was 2.5 (IQR 1,8) cells/mm3. CSF pleocytosis (WBC>5) was observed in 33% and was only present in CSF samples with detectable HIV-1 RNA. The frequencies of CSF pleocytosis during Fiebig stages III-V and among CSF samples of higher viral load (>1000 cps/mL) were 42% and 45%, respectively. Pleocytosis independently associated with CSF HIV-1 RNA in multivariate analysis (adjusted coefficient: 0.79, 95%CI: [0.41,1.14], p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAhonkhai, Aima A.; Bian, Aihua; Robbins, Natalie N.; Maurer, Laurie A.; Clouse, Kate; Pierce, Leslie J.; Perkins, Jessica M.; Wernke, Steven A.; Shepherd, Bryan E.; Brantley, Meredith
AIDS, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
Objective: Our objective was to assess the prevalence and patterns of mobility among people living with HIV (PWH) in Tennessee, and its impact on HIV care outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study Methods: We combined residential address and HIV surveillance data from PWH in Tennessee from 2016 to 2018. Using Poisson regression, we estimated associations between in-state mobility (change in address or total miles moved) in one year and outcomes in the subsequent year; retention: having two CD4/HIV RNA values (labs) in a calendar year at least three months apart, loss to follow-up (LTFU): having labs at baseline but not the subsequent year, and viral suppression: HIV RNA
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmandine Pepiot, Virginie Supervie, Romulus Breban
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
by Amandine Pepiot, Virginie Supervie, Romulus Breban The World Health Organization recommends test-and-treat interventions to curb and even eliminate epidemics of HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis). Epidemic models show these goals are achievable, provided the participation of individuals in test-and-treat interventions is sufficiently high. We combine epidemic models and game theoretic models to describe individual’s decisions to get tested for infectious diseases within certain epidemiological contexts, and, implicitly, their voluntary participation to test-and-treat interventions. We develop three hybrid models, to discuss interventions against HIV, HCV, and sexually transmitted infections, and the potential behavioral response from the target population. Our findings are similar across diseases. Particularly, individuals use three distinct behavioral patterns relative to testing, based on their perceived costs for testing, besides the payoff for discovering their disease status. Firstly, if the cost of testing is too high, then individuals refrain from voluntary testing and get tested only if they are symptomatic. Secondly, if the cost is moderate, some individuals will test voluntarily, starting treatment if needed. Hence, the spread of the disease declines and the disease epidemiology is mitigated. Thirdly, the most beneficial testing behavior takes place as individuals perceive a per-test payoff that surpasses a certain threshold, every time they get tested. Consequently, individuals achieve high voluntary testing rates, which may result in the elimination of the epidemic, albeit on temporary basis. Trials and studies have attained different levels of participation and testing rates. To increase testing rates, they should provide each eligible individual with a payoff, above a given threshold, each time the individual tests voluntarily.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Nontuberculous mycobacteria disease is a common invasive infectious disease in patients with HIV. However, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile association with lymphadenectasis is unusual in AIDS patients. Case Presentation This report covers the case of a 25-year-old male AIDS patient infected with Mycobacterium thermoresistibile. The case was identified via pathogen-targeted next-generation sequencing (ptNGS). Conclusion This is the first report of disseminated M. thermoresistibile infection presented with lymphadenectasis in an AIDS patient. Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial treatment are crucial.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPeng Wang, Jin‐Biao Liu, Xu Wang, Feng‐Zheng Meng, Qian‐Hao Xiao, Lu Liu, Jian Zhu, Wen‐Hui Hu, Wen‐Zhe Ho
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo, María A. Jiménez‐Sousa, Amanda Fernández‐Rodíguez, María A. Muñoz‐Fernández, José L. Jiménez, Begoña B. Caraciolo, Sergio Reus Bañuls, Helem Vilchez, Beatriz Mothe, Isidoro Martínez, José M. Benito, Norma Rallón, Salvador Resino
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Diabate, S., Behanzin, L., Guedou, F., Olodo, M., Goma-Matsetse, A. E., Aza-Gnandji, M., Dossouvo, A., Akpaca, A., Chagas, E., Gangbo, F. A., Zannou, D. M., Alary, M.
BMJ Open, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with anal high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV). DesignA cross-sectional study conducted from 24 August 2020 to 24 November 2020. SettingPrimary care, Cotonou, Benin. Participants204 HIV-negative men who have sex with men initiating oral pre-exposure prophylaxis. Primary outcome measureAnal HR-HPV genotypes using GeneXpert HPV assay. Fourteen HR-HPV were evaluated: HPV-16 and HPV-18/45 in 2 distinct channels and the 11 other genotypes as a pooled result (31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68). The potential independent variables analysed included anal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections, and sociodemographic and sexual behaviour factors. To assess the determinants of HR-HPV, univariate and multivariate Poisson regression models were performed by using SAS V.9.4. ResultsMean age±SD was 25.9±4.8 years. 131/204 men claimed insertive sex procured more pleasure. Thirty-two participants, accounting for 15.7% of the study sample, had gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia. The prevalence of any HR-HPV genotype was 36.3% (95% CI 30.0% to 43.0%). In total, 7.8% of men had HPV-16 and 7.4% had HPV-18/45. The prevalence for the pooled genotypes (31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68) was 29.9%. Receptive anal sex during the last 6 months was strongly associated with prevalent HR-HPV infections. The adjusted proportion ratio (aPR) was 1.93 (95% CI 1.31 to 2.83). Gonorrhoea and chlamydia were also associated with the outcome of interest; p value for both infections was
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract Background Globally, there were an estimated 7.1 million new syphilis infections in 2020, with more than 30% of these new infections reported in African countries such as Sierra Leone. Despite this, there is no HIV-specific syphilis screening program in Sierra Leone. Thus, data are needed to inform public health practice. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of syphilis seropositivity and factors associated with syphilis seropositivity among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at 10 health facilities in Sierra Leone, among adults with HIV, aged 18 years or older, from September 2022 to January 2023. Parameters of interest were collected including age, sex, marriage, antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, HIV viral load, duration of ART treatment, and hospital level of care. The syphilis antibody was detected by a rapid test based on immunochromatography assay. Data were analyzed using R-software version 4.2.3 (R Core Team, Vienna, Austria). Pearson’s χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test and Kruskal–Wallis H test were applied to assess the differences in syphilis seropositivity between groups as appropriate. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with syphilis seropositivity. The level of statistical significance was set at P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdiatma Yudistira Manogar Siregar, Mery Nurma Juwita, Donny Hardiawan, Adhadian Akbar, Zulfa Haitan Rachman, Muhammad Dzaki Fahd Haekal, Yuvi Siti Marwah, Tarinanda Adzani Putri, Fani Fadillah Rakhmat, Mawar Nita Pohan, Miasari Handayani, Tri Indah Budiarty, Nurhalina Afriana, Bagus Rahmat Prabowo, Rudi Wisaksana
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 6.11.2023
Tilføjet 6.11.2023
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Abstract Background Neurological disorders are still prevalent in HIV-infected people. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological disorders and identify their risk factors in HIV-infected persons in Taiwan. Methods We identified 30,101 HIV-infected people between 2002 and 2016 from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan, and analyzed the incidence of neurological disorders. We applied a retrospective, nested case–control study design. The individuals with (case group) and without (control group) a neurological disorder were then matched by age, sex and time. Factors associated with neurological disorders were analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model, and a nomogram was generated to estimate the risk of developing a neurological disorder. Results The incidence of neurological disorders was 13.67 per 1000 person-years. The incidence remained stable during the observation period despite the use of early treatment and more tolerable modern anti-retroviral therapy. The conditional logistic regression model identified nine clinical factors and comorbidities that were associated with neurological disorders, namely age, substance use, traumatic brain injury, psychiatric illness, HIV-associated opportunistic infections, frequency of emergency department visits, cART adherence, urbanization, and monthly income. These factors were used to establish the nomogram. Conclusion Neurological disorders are still prevalent in HIV-infected people in Taiwan. To efficiently identify those at risk, we established a nomogram with nine risk factors. This nomogram could prompt clinicians to initiate further evaluations and management of neurological disorders in this population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuzie Thenin-Houssier, Shinichi Machida, Cyprien Jahan, Lucie Bonnet-Madin, Scarlette Abbou, Heng-Chang Chen, Robel Tesfaye, Olivier Cuvier, Monsef Benkirane
Science Advances, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Immunity, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 2 November 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Yulong Wei, Timothy C. Davenport, Jack A. Collora, Haocong Katherine Ma, Delia Pinto-Santini, Javier Lama, Ricardo Alfaro, Ann Duerr, Ya-Chi Ho
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChinbunchorn, Tanat; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Campbell, Juwan; Alm, Dana King; Krakower, Douglas; Marcus, Julia L.; Grasso, Chris; Keuroghlian, Alex S.
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Objectives: To assess HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) provision in U.S. health centers (HCs). Design: The U.S. Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative designated HCs as the main health care system through which PrEP scale-up occurs. HCs offer primary care to over 30 million disproportionately uninsured, racially or ethnically minoritized, and low-income patients. This study is the first to assess PrEP provision across HCs, including characteristics of clinics, patient populations, and policies associated with PrEP prescribing. Methods: The Health Resources and Services Administration\'s Uniform Data System contained aggregate data on PrEP prescriptions and patient sociodemographics at HCs from January 1 through December 31, 2021, in 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia, and 8 U.S. territories. We compared patient demographics and availability of Medicaid expansion and PrEP assistance programs at HCs that prescribed versus those that did not prescribe PrEP. Results: Across 1,375 HCs serving 30,193,278 patients, 79,163 patients were prescribed PrEP. HCs that prescribed any PrEP had higher proportions of sexual, gender, racial, and ethnic minority patient populations compared with HCs that prescribed no PrEP. Compared with HCs that prescribed no PrEP, a higher proportion of HCs that prescribed PrEP were located in designated high-priority jurisdictions of the EHE initiative or states with Medicaid expansion or public PrEP assistance programs. Conclusions: HCs are critical for scaling up PrEP in minoritized populations disproportionately affected by HIV, facilitated through federal and state-level policies. These findings highlight service gaps and inform future interventions to optimize PrEP implementation and support EHE initiative goals. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJarrín, Inma; Rava, Marta; Raposo, Jorge Del Romero; Rivero, Antonio; Del Romero Guerrero, Jorge; De Lagarde, María; Martínez Sanz, Javier; Navarro, Gemma; Dalmau, David; Blanco, José Ramón; Koerting, Ana; Gomez Castell, Javier; Del Amo, Julia
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Objective: To estimate life expectancy (LE) of people with HIV (PWH) and describe causes of death. Design: ART-naïve adults from the CoRIS cohort starting ART in 2004-2019. Methods: We calculated LE at age 40 for men and women according to their ART initiation period, and stratified by transmission category, CD4 count and AIDS diagnosis.We estimated LE in 10-year age bands using life tables constructed from mortality rates, estimated through Poisson models. Results: LE increased from 65.8 (95%CI: 65.0–66.6) in 2004–2008 to 72.9 (72.2–73.7) in 2014–2019 in men (general population comparators [GPC]:79.1 and 81.2 years, respectively) and from 65.8 (65.0–66.6) to 72.5 (71.8–73.3) in women (GPC: 84.9 and 86.4, respectively). Non-AIDS-related deaths accounted for 68% of deaths among men and 78% among women. LE was longer when starting ART with higher CD4 counts and without AIDS. For men acquiring HIV through sex with men, starting ART in 2014–2019 without AIDS, LE was 75.0 (74.2–75.7) with CD4
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMastrangelo, Andrea; Scotti, Giulia Maria; Manteiga, Jose Garcia; Gisslén, Magnus; Price, Richard W.; Bestetti, Arabella; Turrini, Filippo; Caccia, Roberta; Gorelik, Leonid; Morelli, Marco J.; Castagna, Antonella; Cinque, Paola
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Objectives: HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is the most severe clinical expression of HIV-mediated neuropathology, and the processes underlying its development remain poorly understood. We aimed to exploit high-dimensional metabolic profiling to gain insights into the pathological mechanisms associated to HAD. Design: In this cross-sectional study, we utilized metabolomics to profile matched CSF and plasma samples of HAD individuals (n=20) compared to neurologically asymptomatic people living with HIV (ASYM, n = 20) and healthy controls (NEG, n = 20). Methods: Identification of plasma and CSF metabolites was performed by liquid- or gas-chromatography following a validated experimental pipeline. The resulting metabolic profiles were analyzed by machine-learning algorithms, and altered pathways were identified by comparison with KEGG pathway database. Results: In CSF, HAD patients displayed an imbalance in glutamine/glutamate ratio, decreased levels of isocitrate and arginine, and increase oxidative stress when compared to either ASYM or NEG. These changes were confirmed in matched plasma samples, which in addition revealed an accumulation of eicosanoids and unsaturated fatty acids in HAD individuals. Pathway analysis in both biological fluids suggested that alterations in several metabolic processes, including protein biosynthesis, glutamate and arginine metabolism, and energy metabolism, in association to a perturbed eicosanoid metabolism in plasma, may represent the metabolic signature associated to HAD. Conclusions: These findings show that HAD may be associated with metabolic modifications in CSF and plasma. These preliminary data may be useful to identify novel metabolic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in HIV-associated neurological impairment. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEaler, Christin; Niemczak, Christopher E.; Nicol, Trent; Magohe, Albert; Bonacina, Silvia; Zhang, Ziyin; Rieke, Catherine; Leigh, Samantha; Kobrina, Anastasiya; Lichtenstein, Jonathan; Massawe, Enica R.; Kraus, Nina; Buckey, Jay C.
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Objective: Central nervous system (CNS) damage from HIV infection or treatment can lead to developmental delays and poor educational outcomes in children living with HIV (CLWH). Early markers of central nervous system dysfunction are needed to target interventions and prevent life-long disability. The Frequency Following Response (FFR) is an auditory electrophysiology test that can reflect the health of the central nervous system. In this study, we explore whether the FFR reveals auditory central nervous system dysfunction in CLWH. Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing cohort study. Data were from the child\'s first visit in the study. Setting: The infectious disease center in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Methods: We collected the FFR from 151 CLWH and 151 HIV-negative children. To evoke the FFR, three speech syllabi (/da/, /ba/, /ga/) were played monaurally to the child\'s right ear. Response measures included neural timing (peak latencies), strength of frequency encoding (fundamental frequency and first formant amplitude), encoding consistency (inter-response consistency), and encoding precision (stimulus-to-response correlation). Results: CLWH showed smaller first formant amplitudes (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed