47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
166 emner vises.
151
Opportunistic treatment of hepatitis C infection among hospitalized people who inject drugs (OPPORTUNI-C): A stepped wedge cluster randomized trial
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy of opportunistic treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among hospitalized people who inject drugs (PWID).MethodsWe performed a pragmatic, stepped wedge cluster randomized trial recruiting HCV RNA positive individuals admitted for inpatient care in departments of internal medicine, addiction medicine, and psychiatry at three hospitals in Oslo, Norway. Seven departments were sequentially randomized to change from control conditions (standard of care referral to outpatient care) to intervention conditions (immediate treatment initiation). The primary outcome was treatment completion, defined as dispensing the final package of the prescribed treatment within six months after enrolment.ResultsA total of 200 HCV RNA positive individuals were enrolled between 1 October 2019 and 31 December 2021 (mean age 47.4 years, 72.5% male, 60.5% injected past 3 months, 20.4% cirrhosis). Treatment completion was accomplished by 67 of 98 (68.4% [95% CI 58.2-77.4]) during intervention conditions and by 36 of 102 (35.3% [95% CI 26.1-45.4]) during control conditions (risk difference 33.1% [95% CI 20.0-46.2]; risk ratio 1.9 [95% CI 1.4-2.6]). The intervention was superior in terms of treatment completion (aOR 4.8 [95% CI 1.8-12.8]; p = 0.002) and time to treatment initiation (aHR 4.0 [95% CI 2.5-6.3]; p
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152
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with lower risk of hepatitis B virus infection: A multivariable Mendelian randomization study in East Asian population
Wei Li, Hua Zhang, Ao Ren, Wei Fan, Qiong Qin, Ling Zhao, Ruidong Ma, Qiufeng Peng, Shiqiao Luo
Journal of Medical Virology, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
153
[Editorial] Drug decriminalisation: grounding policy in evidence
The Lancet
Lancet, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
The Global Commission on Drug Policy\'s latest report, published ahead of World AIDS Day on Dec 1, describes decriminalisation of drug use as an essential precursor to ending HIV and viral hepatitis as public health threats. Since its formation in 2011 by political, economic, and cultural leaders, the Commission has advocated for decriminalisation as part of a rights-based approach to drug policy, rooted in scientific evidence and principles of public health, to minimise the harms arising from drug use.
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154
Don’t put off until tomorrow what you can do today: Hospital admissions as an opportunity to treat hepatitis C
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
155
Public healthcare system utilization for chronic hepatitis C infection in Vietnam
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Background Healthcare utilization is typically adversely affected when the treatment is expensive and requires multiple visits. We examined the determinants of healthcare-seeking for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which is asymptomatic, chronic, and requires costly treatment in an urban tertiary care referral hospital in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis of hospital data for patients attending the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between 2017 and 2020 specifically for HCV infection treatment. Poisson regression was used to determine the effect of personal factors (age, sex, comorbidities) and structural factors (health insurance, proximity to the facility, seasonality, year of visit) on the number of hospital visits. Results From 2017 to 2020 a total of 22,052 eligible patients sought treatment in the hospital. Among the patients, 50.4% were males and 58.7% were > 50 years of age. The mean number of visits per person was 2.17. In the multivariate analysis compared to 2017, the number of hospital visits increased by 4% in 2018 and then significantly decreased in 2019 and 2020. Visit numbers were significantly lower (6%) among South East region residents compared to those from Central Highlands and for those who lived further away from the hospital. The visit numbers were significantly higher among older age groups (5–11%), those with health insurance (6%), and those with comorbidities (5%) compared to others. Although the number of hospital visits by females was higher (7%) than males in 2017, it significantly decreased in subsequent years. Conclusions Our study indicated that there are both structural and individual factors affecting the number of visits for HCV treatment. To meet the global strategy for elimination of HCV, Vietnam Government needs to address the structural and personal barriers to healthcare seeking, with a special focus on women.
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156
Genetic diversity, haplotype analysis, and prevalence of Hepatitis B virus MHR mutations among isolates from Kenyan blood donors
Benard Kibet Langat, Kevin Omondi Ochwedo, Jamie Borlang, Carla Osiowy, Alex Mutai, Fredrick Okoth, Edward Muge, Anton Andonov, Elijah Songok Maritim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Benard Kibet Langat, Kevin Omondi Ochwedo, Jamie Borlang, Carla Osiowy, Alex Mutai, Fredrick Okoth, Edward Muge, Anton Andonov, Elijah Songok Maritim Background The rapid spread of HBV has resulted in the emergence of new variants. These viral genotypes and variants, in addition to carcinogenic risk, can be key predictors of therapy response and outcomes. As a result, a better knowledge of these emerging HBV traits will aid in the development of a treatment for HBV infection. However, many Sub-Saharan African nations, including Kenya, have insufficient molecular data on HBV strains circulating locally. This study conducted a population-genetics analysis to evaluate the genetic diversity of HBV among Kenyan blood donors. In addition, within the same cohort, the incidence and features of immune-associated escape mutations and stop-codons in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were determined. Methods In September 2015 to October 2016, 194 serum samples were obtained from HBsAg-positive blood donors residing in eleven different Kenyan counties: Kisumu, Machakos, Uasin Gishu, Nairobi, Nakuru, Embu, Garissa, Kisii, Mombasa, Nyeri, and Turkana. For the HBV surface (S) gene, HBV DNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. The sequences obtained were utilized to investigate the genetic and haplotype diversity within the S genes. Results Among the blood donors, 74.74% were male, and the overall mean age was 25.36 years. HBV genotype A1 (88.14%) was the most common, followed by genotype D (10.82%), genotype C (0.52%), and HBV genotype E (0.52%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed twelve major clades, with cluster III comprising solely of 68 blood donor isolates (68/194-35.05%). A high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.94) and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.02) were observed. Kisumu county had high number of haplotypes (22), but low haplotype (gene) diversity (Hd = 0.90). Generally, a total of 90 haplotypes with some consisting of more than one sequence were observed. The gene exhibited negative values for Tajima’s D (-2.04, p
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157
Histomolecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus induced liver cancer
Adane Adugna;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated liver cancer is the third most prevalent cancer‐related cause of death worldwide. Different studies have been done on the histomolecular analysis of HBV induced‐liver cancer including epigenetics which are dynamic molecular mechanisms to control gene expression without altering the host deoxyribonucleic acid, genomics characterise the integration of the viral genome with host genome, proteomics characterise how gene modifies and results overexpression of proteins, glycoproteomics discover different glyco‐biomarker candidates and show glycosylation in malignant hepatocytes, metabolomics characterise how HBV impairs a variety of metabolic functions during hepatocyte immortalisation, exosomes characterise immortalised liver cells in terms of their differentiation and proliferation, and autophagy plays a role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis linked to HBV infection.
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158
A monoclonal antibody activating AdipoR for type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Naomi Asahara, Miki Okada-Iwabu, Masato Iwabu, Kouichi Wada, Kozo Oka, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Takashi Kadowaki
Science Advances, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
159
Noninvasive diagnosis of significant liver inflammation in patients with chronic hepatitis B in the indeterminate phase
Jie ZhanJian WangZhiyi ZhangRuifei XueSuling JiangJiacheng LiuYilin LiuLi ZhuJuan XiaXiaomin YanWeimao DingChuanwu ZhuYuanwang QiuJie LiRui HuangChao Wua Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinab Department of General Practice, Jiangpu Street Community Health Service Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinac Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinad Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinae Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Chinag Department of Hepatology, Huai’an No. 4 People’s Hospital, Huai’an, Jiangsu, Chinah Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
Virulence, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
160
Impact of voluntary testing on infectious disease epidemiology: A game theoretic approach
Amandine Pepiot, Virginie Supervie, Romulus Breban
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.11.2023
Tilføjet 8.11.2023
by Amandine Pepiot, Virginie Supervie, Romulus Breban The World Health Organization recommends test-and-treat interventions to curb and even eliminate epidemics of HIV, viral hepatitis, and sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and trichomoniasis). Epidemic models show these goals are achievable, provided the participation of individuals in test-and-treat interventions is sufficiently high. We combine epidemic models and game theoretic models to describe individual’s decisions to get tested for infectious diseases within certain epidemiological contexts, and, implicitly, their voluntary participation to test-and-treat interventions. We develop three hybrid models, to discuss interventions against HIV, HCV, and sexually transmitted infections, and the potential behavioral response from the target population. Our findings are similar across diseases. Particularly, individuals use three distinct behavioral patterns relative to testing, based on their perceived costs for testing, besides the payoff for discovering their disease status. Firstly, if the cost of testing is too high, then individuals refrain from voluntary testing and get tested only if they are symptomatic. Secondly, if the cost is moderate, some individuals will test voluntarily, starting treatment if needed. Hence, the spread of the disease declines and the disease epidemiology is mitigated. Thirdly, the most beneficial testing behavior takes place as individuals perceive a per-test payoff that surpasses a certain threshold, every time they get tested. Consequently, individuals achieve high voluntary testing rates, which may result in the elimination of the epidemic, albeit on temporary basis. Trials and studies have attained different levels of participation and testing rates. To increase testing rates, they should provide each eligible individual with a payoff, above a given threshold, each time the individual tests voluntarily.
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161
Virus infection participates in the occurrence and development of human diseases through monoamine oxidase
Yujie Sun; Wen Liu; Bing Luo;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M‐30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
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162
Prospects for developing an Hepatitis C virus E1E2‐based nanoparticle vaccine
Eric A. Toth; Alexander K. Andrianov; Thomas R. Fuerst;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Globally, more than 58 million people are chronically infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) with 1.5 million new infections occurring each year. An effective vaccine for HCV is therefore a major unmet medical and public health need. Since HCV rapidly accumulates mutations, vaccines must elicit the production of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) in a reproducible fashion. Decades of research have generated a number of HCV vaccine candidates. Based on the available data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice, but robust induction of humoral and cellular responses leading to virus neutralisation has not yet been achieved. One issue that has arisen in developing an HCV vaccine (and many other vaccines as well) is the platform used for antigen delivery. The majority of viral vaccine trials have employed subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines often have limited immunogenicity, as seen for HCV, and thus multiple formats must be examined in order to elicit a robust anti‐HCV immune response. Nanoparticle vaccines are gaining prominence in the field due to their ability to facilitate a controlled multivalent presentation and trafficking to lymph nodes, where they can interact with both arms of the immune system. This review discusses the potential for development of a nanoparticle‐based HCV E1E2 vaccine, with an emphasis on the potential benefits of such an approach along with the major challenges facing the incorporation of E1E2 into nanoparticulate delivery systems and how those challenges can be addressed.
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163
Trends in disease burden of hepatitis B infection in Jiangsu Province, China, 1990–2021
Infectious Disease Modelling, 11.07.2023
Tilføjet 11.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Kang Fang, Yingying Shi, Zeyu zhao, Yunkang Zhao, Yichao Guo, Buasivamu Abudunaibi, Huimin Qu, Qiao Liu, Guodong Kang, Zhiguo Wang, Jianli Hu, Tianmu Chen
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164
Canonical fibroblast growth factors in viral infection
Giulia Lottini; Erika Plicanti; Michele Lai; Paola Quaranta; Mauro Pistello; Giulia Freer;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various tissues in the body. There are three function‐al groups of FGFs: canonical FGFs (cFGFs), intracellularly retained FGFs, and metabolic (also called endocrine) FGFs. cFGFs are secreted and act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to regulate differentiation during foetal development, as well as tissue repair in adults. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the role of cFGFs during viral infections, suggesting that FGF‐2 and other canonical FGFs may have an important virus‐specific role, also by the regulation of the immune response. Because dysregulation in the FGF pathways is pivotal in cancer development, FGFs are the target of many anticancer drugs. These drugs may be repurposed to treat viral infection, since dysregulation of FGF signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, such as hepatitis C. Overall, the role of cFGFs during viral infection is an underrepresented area of current research. This review focuses on overviewing the effects of canonical FGFs during infection by different viruses. Many studies highlight that the effects of FGFs during viral infection may be complex and context‐dependent. While there is evidence to suggest that FGFs may have a beneficial impact on the immune response and tissue repair during viral infection, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine in what cases FGFs could be targeted as a therapeutic approach for viral infection.
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165
Diagnostic performance of hepatitis C core antigen assay to identify active infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo; Ana Treviño‐Nakoura; José M. Bellón; Amanda Fernández‐Rodríguez; Pablo Ryan; Isidoro Martínez; María A. Jiménez‐Sousa; Salvador Resino;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) assay is an alternative for diagnosing HCV infection in a single step. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay\'s diagnostic performance (validity and utility) for diagnosing active hepatitis C. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until 10 January 2023. The protocol was registered at the prospective international register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022337191). Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay was the test for evaluation, and nucleic acid amplification tests with a cut‐off ≤50 IU/mL were the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA with the MIDAS module and random‐effects models. The bivariate analysis was conducted on 46 studies (18,116 samples). The pooled sensitivity was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94–0.97), specificity 0.99 (95% CI = 0.99–1.00), positive likelihood ratio 141.81 (95% CI = 72.39–277.79), and negative likelihood ratio 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03–0.06). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.34–1.00). For active hepatitis C prevalence values of 0.1%–15%, the probability that a positive test was a true positive was 12%–96%, respectively, indicating that a confirmatory test should be necessary, particularly with a prevalence ≤5%. However, the probability that a negative test was a false negative was close to zero, indicating the absence of HCV infection. The validity (accuracy) of the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay for screening active HCV infection in serum/plasma samples was excellent. Although the HCVcAg assay showed limited diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings (≤1%), it might help diagnose hepatitis C in high prevalence scenarios (≥5%).
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166
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate related signalling pathways manipulating virus replication
Lu Zhang; Juan Liu; Erya Xiao; Qingzhen Han; Lin Wang;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Viruses can create a unique cellular environment that facilitates replication and transmission. Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) produce sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid molecule that performs both physiological and pathological effects primarily by activating a subgroup of the endothelial differentiation gene family of G‐protein coupled cell surface receptors known as S1P receptors (S1PR1‐5). A growing body of evidence indicates that the SphK/S1P axis is crucial for regulating cellular activities in virus infections like respiratory viruses, enteroviruses, hepatitis viruses, herpes viruses, and arboviruses replicate. Depending on the type of virus, pro‐ or anti‐viral activities of the SphK/S1P axis sometimes rely on the host immune system and sometimes directly through intracellular signalling pathways or cell proliferation. Recent research has shown novel roles of S1P and SphK in viral replication. Sphingosine kinase isoforms (SphK1 and SphK2) levels can be manipulated by several viruses to promote the effects that are expected. Regulation of cellular signalling pathways plays a significant role in the mechanism. The purpose of this review is to provide insight of the characters played by the SphK/S1P axis throughout diverse viral infection processes. We then assess potential therapeutic methods that are based on S1P signalling and metabolism during viral infections.
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