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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
166 emner vises.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Abstract Introduction There are currently limited data regarding the clinical and economic significance of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and bone and joint infections in Australian people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Retrospective cohort study in adult PWID admitted to Monash Health, a large heath care network with six hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Inpatients were identified using administrative datasets and International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) coding for specific infection-related conditions. Cost analysis was based on mean ward, intensive care and hospital-in-the-home (HITH) lengths of stay. Spinal infections and endocarditis were excluded as part of previous studies. Results A total of 185 PWID (61 female, 124 male, median age 37) meeting the study criteria were admitted to Monash Health between January 2010 and January 2021. Admitting diagnoses included 78 skin abscesses, 80 cellulitis, 17 septic arthritis, 4 osteomyelitis, 3 thrombophlebitis and 1 each of necrotising fasciitis, vasculitis and myositis. Pain (87.5%) and swelling (75.1%) were the most common presenting complaints. Opioids (67.4%) and methamphetamine (37.5%) were the most common primary drugs injected. Almost half (46.5%) of patients had concurrent active hepatitis C (HCV) infection on admission. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were uncommon. The most significant causative organism was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (24.9%). In 40.0% (74/185) no organism was identified. Patients required a median acute hospital stay of 5 days (2–51 days). There were 15 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with median duration 2 days. PICC line insertion for antibiotics was required in 16.8% of patients, while 51.4% required surgical intervention. Median duration of both oral and IV antibiotic therapy was 11 days. Almost half (48.6%) of patients were enrolled in an opioid maintenance program on discharge. Average estimated expenditure was AUD $16, 528 per admission. Conclusion Skin and soft tissue and joint infections are a major cause of morbidity for PWID. Admission to hospital provides opportunistic involvement of addiction specialty services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global concern, with Indigenous Peoples bearing the highest burden. Previous studies exploring HCV prevalence within Indigenous populations have predominantly used a pan-Indigenous approach, consequently resulting in limited availability of Métis-specific HCV data. The Métis are one of the three recognized groups of Indigenous Peoples in Canada with a distinct history and language. The Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO) is the only recognized Métis government in Ontario. This study aims to examine the prevalence of self-reported HCV testing and positive results among citizens of the MNO, as well as to explore the association between sociodemographic variables and HCV testing and positive results. Methods A population-based online survey was implemented by the MNO using their citizenship registry between May 6 and June 13, 2022. The survey included questions about hepatitis C testing and results, socio-demographics, and other health related outcomes. Census sampling was used, and 3,206 MNO citizens responded to the hepatitis C-related questions. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to analyze the survey data. Results Among the respondents, 827 (25.8%, CI: 24.3–27.3) reported having undergone HCV testing and 58 indicated testing positive, resulting in a prevalence of 1.8% (CI: 1.3–2.3). Respondents with a strong sense of community belonging, higher education levels, and lower household income were more likely to report having undergone HCV testing. Among those who had undergone testing, older age groups, individuals with lower education levels, and retired individuals were more likely to test positive for HCV. Conclusion This study is the first Métis-led and Métis-specific study to report on HCV prevalence among Métis citizens. This research contributes to the knowledge base for Métis health and will support the MNO’s health promotion program and resources for HCV. Future research will examine the actual HCV incidence and prevalence among MNO citizens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among hemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to identify associated risk factors. Methodology A multicenter cross-sectional study involved patients who had been on HD for at least three months. The study was conducted at five HD centers in Damascus, Syria from August 2019 to September 2021. HBsAg, HCV-Ab and HIV (antibody/antigen) seropositivity were identified using the third generation ELISA technique. Patients’ information was extracted from their records and by face-to-face interview. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to identify risk factors associated with HBV or HCV seropositivity. The significance level was set at 5%. Results A total of 637 patients were included in the study with a mean age (SD) of 50.5 (15.6) years and 56.7% of them were men. The dialytic age ranged from one to thirty years with a mean (SD) of 6.10 (5.6) years. The prevalence of positive hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, co-infection of HBV and HCV, and anti-HIV (antibody/antigen) were 3.2%, 22.1%, 0.7%, and 0%, respectively. After controlling for co-variables, hepatitis B vaccine was the only predictor of seropositivity of HBV (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.057–0.393, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Abstract Introduction There are currently limited data regarding the clinical and economic significance of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and bone and joint infections in Australian people who inject drugs (PWID). Methods Retrospective cohort study in adult PWID admitted to Monash Health, a large heath care network with six hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Inpatients were identified using administrative datasets and International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) coding for specific infection-related conditions. Cost analysis was based on mean ward, intensive care and hospital-in-the-home (HITH) lengths of stay. Spinal infections and endocarditis were excluded as part of previous studies. Results A total of 185 PWID (61 female, 124 male, median age 37) meeting the study criteria were admitted to Monash Health between January 2010 and January 2021. Admitting diagnoses included 78 skin abscesses, 80 cellulitis, 17 septic arthritis, 4 osteomyelitis, 3 thrombophlebitis and 1 each of necrotising fasciitis, vasculitis and myositis. Pain (87.5%) and swelling (75.1%) were the most common presenting complaints. Opioids (67.4%) and methamphetamine (37.5%) were the most common primary drugs injected. Almost half (46.5%) of patients had concurrent active hepatitis C (HCV) infection on admission. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were uncommon. The most significant causative organism was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (24.9%). In 40.0% (74/185) no organism was identified. Patients required a median acute hospital stay of 5 days (2–51 days). There were 15 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with median duration 2 days. PICC line insertion for antibiotics was required in 16.8% of patients, while 51.4% required surgical intervention. Median duration of both oral and IV antibiotic therapy was 11 days. Almost half (48.6%) of patients were enrolled in an opioid maintenance program on discharge. Average estimated expenditure was AUD $16, 528 per admission. Conclusion Skin and soft tissue and joint infections are a major cause of morbidity for PWID. Admission to hospital provides opportunistic involvement of addiction specialty services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global concern, with Indigenous Peoples bearing the highest burden. Previous studies exploring HCV prevalence within Indigenous populations have predominantly used a pan-Indigenous approach, consequently resulting in limited availability of Métis-specific HCV data. The Métis are one of the three recognized groups of Indigenous Peoples in Canada with a distinct history and language. The Métis Nation of Ontario (MNO) is the only recognized Métis government in Ontario. This study aims to examine the prevalence of self-reported HCV testing and positive results among citizens of the MNO, as well as to explore the association between sociodemographic variables and HCV testing and positive results. Methods A population-based online survey was implemented by the MNO using their citizenship registry between May 6 and June 13, 2022. The survey included questions about hepatitis C testing and results, socio-demographics, and other health related outcomes. Census sampling was used, and 3,206 MNO citizens responded to the hepatitis C-related questions. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to analyze the survey data. Results Among the respondents, 827 (25.8%, CI: 24.3–27.3) reported having undergone HCV testing and 58 indicated testing positive, resulting in a prevalence of 1.8% (CI: 1.3–2.3). Respondents with a strong sense of community belonging, higher education levels, and lower household income were more likely to report having undergone HCV testing. Among those who had undergone testing, older age groups, individuals with lower education levels, and retired individuals were more likely to test positive for HCV. Conclusion This study is the first Métis-led and Métis-specific study to report on HCV prevalence among Métis citizens. This research contributes to the knowledge base for Métis health and will support the MNO’s health promotion program and resources for HCV. Future research will examine the actual HCV incidence and prevalence among MNO citizens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among hemodialysis (HD) patients as well as to identify associated risk factors. Methodology A multicenter cross-sectional study involved patients who had been on HD for at least three months. The study was conducted at five HD centers in Damascus, Syria from August 2019 to September 2021. HBsAg, HCV-Ab and HIV (antibody/antigen) seropositivity were identified using the third generation ELISA technique. Patients’ information was extracted from their records and by face-to-face interview. Multiple logistic regression models were applied to identify risk factors associated with HBV or HCV seropositivity. The significance level was set at 5%. Results A total of 637 patients were included in the study with a mean age (SD) of 50.5 (15.6) years and 56.7% of them were men. The dialytic age ranged from one to thirty years with a mean (SD) of 6.10 (5.6) years. The prevalence of positive hepatitis B surface antigen, anti-HCV, co-infection of HBV and HCV, and anti-HIV (antibody/antigen) were 3.2%, 22.1%, 0.7%, and 0%, respectively. After controlling for co-variables, hepatitis B vaccine was the only predictor of seropositivity of HBV (OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.057–0.393, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElena Cama, Loren Brener, Timothy Broady, Robyn Horwitz, Defeng Jin, Hoang Minh Khoi Vu, K. O. E. Wu, Carla Treloar
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.03.2024
Tilføjet 4.03.2024
by Elena Cama, Loren Brener, Timothy Broady, Robyn Horwitz, Defeng Jin, Hoang Minh Khoi Vu, K. O. E. Wu, Carla Treloar Research has shown that there are significant gaps in hepatitis B knowledge among migrant communities who are at risk of hepatitis B, such as Chinese and Vietnamese communities. Many students studying within Australia come from countries with high prevalence of hepatitis B. However, there is very little research examining hepatitis B knowledge, screening, or vaccination among university students in Australia or worldwide. The aim of this paper was to measure both levels of and demographic differences in hepatitis B screening and knowledge among Chinese and Vietnamese students in Australia. Online surveys were completed by 112 Chinese- and 95 Vietnamese-identifying students in Australia, measuring knowledge of hepatitis B, engagement in screening and vaccination, and demographic characteristics. Results show that although engagement in screening and vaccination for hepatitis B was high, there were significant gaps in knowledge around transmission of hepatitis B. There were also some key demographic differences in screening and knowledge. For instance, those born in Australia were more likely to have been screened compared to those born Mainland China, Hong Kong, or Vietnam. Chinese students born in Australia had lower levels of knowledge compared to those born in Mainland China or Hong Kong. Among both samples, knowing someone living with hepatitis B was associated with higher levels of knowledge. Findings underscore the need for education-based interventions to address the significant gaps that exist in knowledge around hepatitis B, with a specific need for culturally appropriate resources in a range of languages to cater to the diverse communities who may be at risk of hepatitis B.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and treatment status on COVID-19-related hospitalizations in Georgia.Methods We analyzed 2020-2021 Georgian health-registry data for COVID-19-positive individuals and categorized by HCV infection and treatment status. Logistic regression was used to assess the strengths of the associations.Results Treated HCV individuals had lower odds of COVID-19-related hospitalization compared to anti-HCV-negatives, while untreated HCV-viremic and anti-HCV-positive non-viremic individuals had higher odds.Conclusions HCV treatment prior to COVID-19 infection was associated with lower odds of COVID-19-related hospitalization, highlighting the benefits of HCV management in the context of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYoung, A. M., Havens, J. R., Cooper, H. L. F., Fallin-Bennett, A., Fanucchi, L., Freeman, P. R., Knudsen, H., Livingston, M. D., McCollister, K. E., Stone, J., Vickerman, P., Freeman, E., Jahangir, T., Larimore, E., White, C. R., Cheatom, C., Community Staff, K., Design Team, K.
BMJ Open, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
IntroductionMany rural communities bear a disproportionate share of drug-related harms. Innovative harm reduction service models, such as vending machines or kiosks, can expand access to services that reduce drug-related harms. However, few kiosks operate in the USA, and their implementation, impact and cost-effectiveness have not been adequately evaluated in rural settings. This paper describes the Kentucky Outreach Service Kiosk (KyOSK) Study protocol to test the effectiveness, implementation outcomes and cost-effectiveness of a community-tailored, harm reduction kiosk in reducing HIV, hepatitis C and overdose risk in rural Appalachia. Methods and analysisKyOSK is a community-level, controlled quasi-experimental, non-randomised trial. KyOSK involves two cohorts of people who use drugs, one in an intervention county (n=425) and one in a control county (n=325). People who are 18 years or older, are community-dwelling residents in the target counties and have used drugs to get high in the past 6 months are eligible. The trial compares the effectiveness of a fixed-site, staffed syringe service programme (standard of care) with the standard of care supplemented with a kiosk. The kiosk will contain various harm reduction supplies accessible to participants upon valid code entry, allowing dispensing data to be linked to participant survey data. The kiosk will include a call-back feature that allows participants to select needed services and receive linkage-to-care services from a peer recovery coach. The cohorts complete follow-up surveys every 6 months for 36 months (three preceding kiosk implementation and four post-implementation). The study will test the effectiveness of the kiosk on reducing risk behaviours associated with overdose, HIV and hepatitis C, as well as implementation outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Ethics and disseminationThe University of Kentucky Institutional Review Board approved the protocol. Results will be disseminated in academic conferences and peer-reviewed journals, online and print media, and community meetings. Trial registration numberNCT05657106.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFan GaoPei LiuYaqian HuoLianlian BianXing WuMingchen LiuQian WangQian HeFangyu DongZejun WangZhongping XieZhongyang ZhangMeirong GuYingzhi XuYajing LiRui ZhuTong ChengTao WangQunying MaoZhenglun Lianga School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinab Division of Hepatitis and Enterovirus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Research & Development, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Research & Development, Taibang Biologic Group, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of R&D, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., LTD, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Production Management, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of Chinah The Second Research Laboratory, National Vaccine and Serum Institute, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinai R&D Center, Minhai Biotechnology Co., LTD, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaj R&D Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., LTD, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinak State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Xu Chen, Shilei Dong, Yuanfang Shi, Zengguang Wu, Xue Wu, Xiaoyan Zeng, Xinggui Yang, Qi Zhao, Zhenghua Xiao, Qingxue Zhou
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Shoujie Huang, Xuefeng Zhang, Yingying Su, Chunlan Zhuang, Zimin Tang, Xingcheng Huang, Qi Chen, Kongxin Zhu, Xiaowen Hu, Dong Ying, Xiaohui Liu, Hanmin Jiang, Xia Zang, Zhongze Wang, Changlin Yang, Donglin Liu, Yijun Wang, Quan Tang, Wentong Shen, Huanhuan Cao, Huirong Pan, Shengxiang Ge, Yue Huang, Ting Wu, Zizheng Zheng, Fengcai Zhu, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia
Lancet, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Immunisation with this hepatitis E vaccine offers durable protection against hepatitis E for up to 10 years, with vaccine-induced antibodies against HEV persisting for at least 8·5 years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMatthew McTeer, Douglas Applegate, Peter Mesenbrink, Vlad Ratziu, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Andreas Geier, Manuel Romero Gomez, Jean-Francois Dufour, Mattias Ekstedt, Sven Francque, Hannele Yki-Jarvinen, Michael Allison, Luca Valenti, Luca Miele, Michael Pavlides, Jeremy Cobbold, Georgios Papatheodoridis, Adriaan G. Holleboom, Dina Tiniakos, Clifford Brass, Quentin M. Anstee, Paolo Missier, on behalf of the LITMUS Consortium investigators
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
by Matthew McTeer, Douglas Applegate, Peter Mesenbrink, Vlad Ratziu, Jörn M. Schattenberg, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Andreas Geier, Manuel Romero Gomez, Jean-Francois Dufour, Mattias Ekstedt, Sven Francque, Hannele Yki-Jarvinen, Michael Allison, Luca Valenti, Luca Miele, Michael Pavlides, Jeremy Cobbold, Georgios Papatheodoridis, Adriaan G. Holleboom, Dina Tiniakos, Clifford Brass, Quentin M. Anstee, Paolo Missier, on behalf of the LITMUS Consortium investigators Aims Metabolic dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) outcomes such as MASH (metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis), fibrosis and cirrhosis are ordinarily determined by resource-intensive and invasive biopsies. We aim to show that routine clinical tests offer sufficient information to predict these endpoints. Methods Using the LITMUS Metacohort derived from the European NAFLD Registry, the largest MASLD dataset in Europe, we create three combinations of features which vary in degree of procurement including a 19-variable feature set that are attained through a routine clinical appointment or blood test. This data was used to train predictive models using supervised machine learning (ML) algorithm XGBoost, alongside missing imputation technique MICE and class balancing algorithm SMOTE. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were added to determine relative importance for each clinical variable. Results Analysing nine biopsy-derived MASLD outcomes of cohort size ranging between 5385 and 6673 subjects, we were able to predict individuals at training set AUCs ranging from 0.719-0.994, including classifying individuals who are At-Risk MASH at an AUC = 0.899. Using two further feature combinations of 26-variables and 35-variables, which included composite scores known to be good indicators for MASLD endpoints and advanced specialist tests, we found predictive performance did not sufficiently improve. We are also able to present local and global explanations for each ML model, offering clinicians interpretability without the expense of worsening predictive performance. Conclusions This study developed a series of ML models of accuracy ranging from 71.9—99.4% using only easily extractable and readily available information in predicting MASLD outcomes which are usually determined through highly invasive means.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Abstract Chronic viral hepatitis is caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus or hepatitis D virus (HBV, HCV, and HDV). Despite different replication strategies, all these viruses rely on secretion through the host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway, providing potential host targets for antiviral therapy. Knockdown of transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) in virus cell culture models reduced secretion of infectious HCV virions, HDV virions and HBV subviral particles. Moreover, in a cohort of people with hepatitis B a TM6SF2 polymorphism (rs58542926 CT/TT, which causes protein misfolding and reduced TM6SF2 in the liver) correlated with lower concentrations of subviral particles in blood, complementing our previous work showing decreased HCV viral load in people with this polymorphism. In conclusion, the host protein TM6SF2 plays a key role in secretion of HBV, HCV and HDV, providing the potential for novel pan-viral agents to treat people with chronic viral hepatitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Self-reported adherence to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is often an overreport of objectively measured adherence. The association of such overreporting with sustained virologic response (SVR) is understudied. This study among PWID aimed to determine a threshold of overreporting adherence that optimally predicts lower SVR rates, and to explore correlates of the optimal overreporting threshold. Methods This study analyzed per-protocol data of participants with adherence data (N = 493) from the HERO (Hepatitis C Real Options) study. Self-reported and objective adherence to a 12-week DAA regimen were measured using visual analogue scales and electronic blister packs, respectively. The difference (Δ) between self-reported and objectively measured adherence was calculated. We used the Youden index based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify an optimal threshold of overreporting for predicting lower SVR rates. Factors associated with the optimal threshold of overreporting were identified by comparing baseline characteristics between participants at/above versus those below the threshold. Results The self-reported, objective, and Δ adherence averages were 95.1% (SD = 8.9), 75.9% (SD = 16.3), and 19.2% (SD = 15.2), respectively. The ≥ 25% overreporting threshold was determined to be optimal. The SVR rate was lower for ≥ 25% vs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Self-reported adherence to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is often an overreport of objectively measured adherence. The association of such overreporting with sustained virologic response (SVR) is understudied. This study among PWID aimed to determine a threshold of overreporting adherence that optimally predicts lower SVR rates, and to explore correlates of the optimal overreporting threshold. Methods This study analyzed per-protocol data of participants with adherence data (N = 493) from the HERO (Hepatitis C Real Options) study. Self-reported and objective adherence to a 12-week DAA regimen were measured using visual analogue scales and electronic blister packs, respectively. The difference (Δ) between self-reported and objectively measured adherence was calculated. We used the Youden index based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify an optimal threshold of overreporting for predicting lower SVR rates. Factors associated with the optimal threshold of overreporting were identified by comparing baseline characteristics between participants at/above versus those below the threshold. Results The self-reported, objective, and Δ adherence averages were 95.1% (SD = 8.9), 75.9% (SD = 16.3), and 19.2% (SD = 15.2), respectively. The ≥ 25% overreporting threshold was determined to be optimal. The SVR rate was lower for ≥ 25% vs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Self-reported adherence to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) among persons who inject drugs (PWID) is often an overreport of objectively measured adherence. The association of such overreporting with sustained virologic response (SVR) is understudied. This study among PWID aimed to determine a threshold of overreporting adherence that optimally predicts lower SVR rates, and to explore correlates of the optimal overreporting threshold. Methods This study analyzed per-protocol data of participants with adherence data (N = 493) from the HERO (Hepatitis C Real Options) study. Self-reported and objective adherence to a 12-week DAA regimen were measured using visual analogue scales and electronic blister packs, respectively. The difference (Δ) between self-reported and objectively measured adherence was calculated. We used the Youden index based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to identify an optimal threshold of overreporting for predicting lower SVR rates. Factors associated with the optimal threshold of overreporting were identified by comparing baseline characteristics between participants at/above versus those below the threshold. Results The self-reported, objective, and Δ adherence averages were 95.1% (SD = 8.9), 75.9% (SD = 16.3), and 19.2% (SD = 15.2), respectively. The ≥ 25% overreporting threshold was determined to be optimal. The SVR rate was lower for ≥ 25% vs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Introduction Rwanda’s Hepatitis C elimination campaign has relied on mass screening campaigns. An alternative “micro-elimination” strategy focused on specific populations, such as non-communicable disease (NCD) patients, could be a more efficient approach to identifying patients and linking them to care. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study used routine data collected during a targeted screening campaign among NCD patients in Kirehe, Kayonza, and Burera districts of Rwanda and patients receiving oncology services from the Butaro District Hospital. The campaign used rapid diagnostic tests to screen for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV). We reported prevalences and 95% confidence intervals for HBsAg and anti-HCV, assessed for associations between patients’ clinical programs and hepatitis B and C, and reported cascade of care for the two diseases. Results Out of 7,603 NCD patients, 3398 (45.9%) self-reported a prior hepatitis screening. Prevalence of HBsAg was 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7%-2.3%) and anti-HCV was 6.7% (95% CI: 6.2%-7.3%). The prevalence of HBsAg was significantly higher among patients
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
Abstract Background Occupational blood and body fluid exposure (OBEs) is a highly concerning global health problem in health facilities. Improper or inadequate post-exposure practices increase the risk of infection with bloodborne pathogens. Understanding risk factors for OBEs and evaluating the post-exposure practices will contribute to healthcare workers’ (HCWs) well-being. Methods This study retrospectively synthesized and reviewed the 10-year data (from 2010 to 2020) on OBEs in a tertiary teaching hospital. Results A total of 519 HCWs have reported OBEs, increasing yearly from 2010 to 2020. Of these, most were nurses (247 [47.2%]), female (390 [75.1%]), at 23–27 years old (207 [39.9%]). The hepatitis B was the primary bloodborne pathogen exposed to HCWs, with 285 (54.9%) cases, internal medicine was the main exposure site (161 [31.0%]), and sharp injury was the main exposure route (439 [84.6%]). Data analysis shows that there are significant differences between exposure route, exposed pathogens, and exposure site among the different occupational categories (X2 = 14.5, 43.7, 94.3, all P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPietro VajroClaudia MandatoBjörn Fischlera Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, Section of Pediatrics, Baronissi, Salerno, Italyb Department of Pediatrics, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Swedenc CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Virulence, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Jessie J. Goldsmith, Christy Vu, Ziheng Zhu, Jennifer MacLachlan, Tilda N. Thomson, Patricia Therese Campbell, Katherine B. Gibney
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGAS) is a rare and life-threatening infection. It occurs when group A Streptococcus bacteria (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) invade otherwise sterile sites of the body, such as the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.[1] Globally, it is estimated that 15–25% of iGAS cases are fatal.[1] Severe manifestations such as sepsis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and necrotising fasciitis have higher case fatality rates, even in well-resourced settings.[1, 2] iGAS is managed with antibiotics, and often requires surgery and supportive care for organ dysfunction.[2] However, patients frequently experience rapid clinical progression and urgent medical attention is critical.[2] It is imperative that the factors that increase the risk of iGAS are well understood to support early diagnosis and rapid institution of life-saving medical care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuanjie Liu, Elena S. Kim, Haitao Guo
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) has a high short-term mortality. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic and prognostic role of MER tyrosine kinase (MERTK) in HBV-ACLF patients.Methods Transcriptomics analysis evaluated MERTK expression and function during disease progression. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of MERTK for HBV-ACLF patients were verified by ELISA, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of liver tissues.Results MERTK mRNA was highly expressed in the HBV-ACLF compared to the liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal controls (NC) groups. Elevated MERTK mRNA predicted poor prognosis for HBV-ACLF at 28/90 days (AUROCs=0.814/0.731). Functional analysis showed MERTK was significantly associated with TLR and inflammatory signaling, and several key biological processes. External validation with 285 plasma subjects confirmed the high diagnostic accuracy of plasma MERTK for HBV-ACLF (AUROC=0.859) and potential prognostic value for 28/90-day mortality rates (AUROC=0.673 and 0.644, respectively). Risk stratification analysis indicated higher mortality risk for patients with plasma MERTK level above the cut-off value. Moreover, IHC staining showed increasing MERTK expression from NC, CHB and LC to HBV-ACLF patients.Conclusions MERTK shows promise as a candidate biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of HBV-ACLF.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major public health disease causing large outbreaks and sporadic cases of acute hepatitis. We investigated an outbreak of HEV infection that occurred in September 2018 in the health district (HD) of Bocaranga-Koui, located in the northwestern part of Central African Republic (CAR). Methods Blood samples were collected from 352 patients aged 0–85 years suspected to be infected with yellow fever (YF), according to the World Health Organization YF case definition. The notification forms from recorded cases were used. Water consumed in the HD were also collected. Human samples found negative for anti-YF IgM were then tested by ELISA for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies. Positive anti-HEV (IgM and/or IgG) samples and collected water were then subjected to molecular biology tests using a real time RT-PCR assay, followed by a nested RT-PCR assay for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Of the 352 icterus patients included, anti-HEV IgM was found in 142 people (40.3%) and anti-HEV IgG in 175 (49.7%). Although HEV infection was detected in all age groups, there was a significant difference between the 0–10 age groups and others age groups (P = 0.001). Elevated levels of serum aminotransferase were observed in anti-HEV IgM-positive subjects. Phylogenetic analysis showed HEV genotype 1e in infected patients as well as in the contaminated water. Conclusion This epidemic showed that CAR remains an HEV-endemic area. The genotype 1e strain was responsible for the HEV outbreak in Bocaranga-Koui HD. It is necessary to implement basic conditions of hygiene and sanitation to prevent further outbreaks of a HEV epidemics, to facilitate access to clean drinking water for the population, to launch intensive health education for basic hygiene measures, to sett up targeted hygiene promotion activities and, finally, to ensure that formal health care is available.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUte Jentsch, Marion Vermeulen, Karin van den Berg, Ronel Swanevelder, Darryl Creel, Genevieve Jacobs, Jennifer Jay Hemingway-Foday, Cynthia Nyoni, Edward L. Murphy, Brian Custer
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.02.2024
Tilføjet 17.02.2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a serious health problem globally with 3.5% (296 million) of the adult population estimated to have chronic infection. Of 1.5 million new infections in 2019, most have been acquired in Africa [1]. Furthermore, HBV continues to be endemic in Africa and the Western Pacific countries which carry the highest global burden with an HBsAg prevalence of 6% each [2-4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.02.2024
Tilføjet 17.02.2024
Abstract Background Within China, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains widely prevalent and one of the major public health problems. There have been only two previous estimates of its prevalence at the population level in China, with the latest survey conducted in 2006. A meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of HBV within China between 2013 and 2017 as 7%. This review provides an updated estimate of HBV prevalence in China from 2018 to 2022. Methods Systematic searches of literature from January 1, 2018 to December 25, 2022 were conducted in four international databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, and WanFang data). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled HBV prevalence with 95% confidence intervals in the overall population and subgroups. Publication bias, heterogeneity between studies, and study quality were assessed. Results Twenty-five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection in the Chinese general population from 2018 to 2022 was 3% (95%CI: 2–4%). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar between males and females (both 3%), while rural areas had a higher prevalence than urban areas (3% vs 2%). The highest prevalence of HBV was reported in the eastern provinces (4, 95%CI: 2–6%). The HBV prevalence of people aged ≥18 years old (6, 95%CI: 4–8%) was higher than people aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Within China, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains widely prevalent and one of the major public health problems. There have been only two previous estimates of its prevalence at the population level in China, with the latest survey conducted in 2006. A meta-analysis estimated the prevalence of HBV within China between 2013 and 2017 as 7%. This review provides an updated estimate of HBV prevalence in China from 2018 to 2022. Methods Systematic searches of literature from January 1, 2018 to December 25, 2022 were conducted in four international databases (Medline, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews) and three Chinese databases (CNKI, CBM, and WanFang data). Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled HBV prevalence with 95% confidence intervals in the overall population and subgroups. Publication bias, heterogeneity between studies, and study quality were assessed. Results Twenty-five articles were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection in the Chinese general population from 2018 to 2022 was 3% (95%CI: 2–4%). The prevalence of HBV infection was similar between males and females (both 3%), while rural areas had a higher prevalence than urban areas (3% vs 2%). The highest prevalence of HBV was reported in the eastern provinces (4, 95%CI: 2–6%). The HBV prevalence of people aged ≥18 years old (6, 95%CI: 4–8%) was higher than people aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQian M. CaoPakpoom BoonchuenTzu-Chun ChenShaohua LeiKunlaya SomboonwiwatPeter SarnowaDepartment of Microbiology & Immunology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bSchool of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, ThailandcDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, ThailanddCenter of Excellence for Leukemia Studies, Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105eCenter for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 14.02.2024
Tilføjet 14.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 7, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSebastián Blanco, Gonzalo M. Castro, Paola E. Sicilia, Luis H. Carrizo, Sandra V. Gallego
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.02.2024
Tilføjet 13.02.2024
Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji, Lange Tchamba Amorgathe Tankeu, Chavely Gwladys Monamele, Moise Henri Yifomnjou Moumbeket, Paul Alain Tagnouokam Ngoupo, Huguette Tchetgna Simo, Abanda Njei Ngu, Kazanji Mirdad, Richard Njouom
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.02.2024
Tilføjet 12.02.2024
by Abdou Fatawou Modiyinji, Lange Tchamba Amorgathe Tankeu, Chavely Gwladys Monamele, Moise Henri Yifomnjou Moumbeket, Paul Alain Tagnouokam Ngoupo, Huguette Tchetgna Simo, Abanda Njei Ngu, Kazanji Mirdad, Richard Njouom Background Febrile jaundice is a common indicator of certain infectious diseases, including hepatitis E. In Cameroon, the yellow fever virus is the only pathogen that is monitored in patients who present with this symptom. However, more than 90% of the samples received as part of this surveillance are negative for yellow fever. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype among yellow fever-negative patients in the Far North and West regions of Cameroon. Methods In a cross-sectional study, yellow fever surveillance-negative samples collected between January 2021 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibodies were tested using commercially available ELISA kits. Anti-HEV IgM and/or IgG positive samples were tested for HEV RNA by real-time RT-PCR, followed by nested RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results Overall, 121 of the 543 samples (22.3%, 95% CI: 19.0% - 26.0%) were positive for at least one anti-HEV marker. Amongst these, 8.1% (44/543) were positive for anti-HEV IgM, 5.9% (32/543) for anti-HEV IgG, and 8.3% (45/544) for both markers. A total of 15.2% (12/79) samples were positive for HEV RNA real-time RT-PCR and 8 samples were positive for HEV RNA by nested RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the retrieved sequences clustered within HEV genotypes/subtypes 1/1e, 3/3f and 4/4b. Conclusion Our results showed that HEV is one of the causes of acute febrile jaundice in patients enrolled in the yellow fever surveillance program in two regions of Cameroon. We described the circulation of three HEV genotypes, including two zoonotic genotypes. Further studies will be important to elucidate the transmission routes of these zoonotic HEV genotypes to humans in Cameroon.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract In Lusaka, Zambia, we introduced liver fine needle aspiration (FNA) into a research cohort of adults with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, with and without HIV coinfection, as well as with acute HBV infection. Over 117 enrollment and 47 longitudinal FNAs (at 1 year follow-up), we established participant acceptability and safety. We also demonstrated the quality of the material through single cell RNA sequencing of selected enrollment FNAs, which revealed a range of immune cells. This approach can drive new insights into HBV immunology, informing cure strategies, and can improve our understanding of HBV natural history in Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDemirchyan, A., Dudareva, S., Sahakyan, S., Aslanyan, L., Muradyan, D., Musheghyan, L., Mozalevskis, A., Sargsyants, N., Ghukasyan, G., Petrosyan, V.
BMJ Open, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
ObjectivesThis study sought to determine the prevalence and associated factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection ever in life and chronic HBV infection in Armenia. DesignA population-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study combined with a phone survey of tested individuals. SettingAll administrative units of Armenia including 10 provinces and capital city Yerevan. ParticipantsThe study frame was the general adult population of Armenia aged ≥18 years. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe participants were tested for anti-HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc) and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) using third-generation enzyme immunoassays. In case of HBsAg positivity, HBV DNA and hepatitis D virus (HDV) RNA PCR tests were performed. Risk factors of HBV infection ever in life (anti-HBc positivity) and chronic HBV infection (HBsAg positivity) were identified through fitting logistic regression models. ResultsThe seroprevalence study included 3838 individuals 18 years and older. Of them, 90.7% (3476 individuals) responded to the phone survey. The prevalence of anti-HBc positivity was 14.1% (95% CI 13.1% to 15.2%) and HBsAg positivity 0.8% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.1%). The viral load was over 10 000 IU/mL for 7.9% of HBsAg-positive individuals. None of the participants was positive for HDV. Risk factors for HBsAg positivity included less than secondary education (aOR=6.44; 95% CI 2.2 to 19.1), current smoking (aOR=2.56; 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6), and chronic liver disease (aOR=8.44; 95% CI 3.0 to 23.7). In addition to these, risk factors for anti-HBc positivity included age (aOR=1.04; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.05), imprisonment ever in life (aOR=2.53; 95% CI 1.41 to 4.56), and poor knowledge on infectious diseases (aOR=1.32; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.67), while living in Yerevan (vs provinces) was protective (aOR=0.74; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.93). ConclusionThis study provided robust estimates of HBV markers among general population of Armenia. Its findings delineated the need to revise HBV testing and treatment strategies considering higher risk population groups, and improve population knowledge on HBV prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTurk, Teja; Labarile, Marco; Braun, Dominique L.; Rauch, Andri; Stöckle, Marcel; Cavassini, Matthias; Hoffmann, Matthias; Calmy, Alexandra; Bernasconi, Enos; Notter, Julia; Pasin, Chloé; Günthard, Huldrych F.; Kouyos, Roger D.; the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Objective. We developed a robust characterization of immune recovery trajectories in people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment (ART) and relate our findings to epidemiological risk factors and bacterial pneumonia. Methods. Using data from the Swiss HIV Cohort Study and the Zurich Primary HIV Infection Cohort Study (n = 5907), we analyzed the long-term trajectories of CD4 cell and CD8 cell counts and their ratio in PWH on ART for at least eight years by fitting nonlinear mixed effects models. The determinants of long-term immune recovery were investigated using generalized additive models. In addition, prediction accuracy of the modeled trajectories and their impact on the fit of a model for bacterial pneumonia was assessed. Results. Overall, our population showed good immune recovery (median plateau [IQR]-CD4: 718 [555, 900] cells/µl, CD8: 709 [547, 893] cells/µl, CD4/CD8: 1.01 [0.76, 1.37]). The following factors were predictive of recovery: Age, sex, nadir/zenith value, pre-ART HIV-1 viral load, Hepatitis C, ethnicity, acquisition risk and timing of ART-initiation. The fitted models proved to be an accurate and efficient way of predicting future CD4+ and CD8+ cell recovery dynamics: Compared to carrying forward the last observation, mean squared errors of the fitted values were lower by 1.3% to 18.3% across outcomes. When modeling future episodes of bacterial pneumonia, using model-derived predictors improved most model fits. Conclusion. We described and validated a method to characterize individual immune recovery trajectories of PWH on suppressive ART. These trajectories accurately predict long-term immune recovery and the occurrence of bacterial pneumonia. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 199-201
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 399-403
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 404-411
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeiping Liu, Lin Li, Minggang Yin, Chengjian Cao, Yaohui Song, Xia Long
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Immunity, 4.02.2024
Tilføjet 4.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 February 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Thomas M. Savage, Katherine T. Fortson, Kenia de los Santos-Alexis, Angelica Oliveras-Alsina, Mathieu Rouanne, Sarah S. Rae, Jennifer R. Gamarra, Hani Shayya, Adam Kornberg, Renzo Cavero, Fangda Li, Arnold Han, Rebecca A. Haeusler, Julien Adam, Robert F. Schwabe, Nicholas Arpaia
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXingyu Lu, Wanying Li, Rui Deng, Bin Zhou, Rui Yu, Jinlin Hou, Sheng Shen, Jian Sun, Shi Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
Abstract Background Dried blood spot (DBS) testing provides an alternative to phlebotomy and addresses barriers to accessing healthcare experienced by some key populations. Large-scale evaluations of DBS testing programs are needed to understand their feasibility. This study evaluated the implementation of a state-wide DBS HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing pilot. Methods The New South Wales (NSW) DBS Pilot is an interventional cohort study of people testing for HIV antibody and/or HCV RNA from DBS samples in NSW, Australia. Participants at risk of HIV/HCV participated in testing via: 1) self-registration online with a DBS collection kit delivered and returned by conventional postal service; or 2) assisted DBS sample collection at 36 community health sites (including drug treatment and harm-minimisation services) and prisons. Participants received results by text (HIV antibody/ HCV RNA not detected) or a healthcare provider (HIV antibody/ HCV RNA detected). The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation. Results Reach: Between November 2016 and December 2020, 7,392 individuals were tested for HIV and/or HCV (21% self-registration, 34% assisted in community, and 45% assisted in prison). Effectiveness: Of 6,922 people tested for HIV (19% men who have sex with men, 13% living outside major cities, 21% born outside Australia), 51% (3,521/6,922) had no HIV test in the past two years, 0.1% (10/6,922) were newly diagnosed with HIV, and 80% (8/10) initiated HIV treatment within six months. Of 5,960 people tested for HCV (24% women, 35% Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, 55% recently injected drugs), 15% had detectable HCV RNA (878/5,960), and 45% (393/878) initiated treatment within six months. Adoption: By the end of 2020, DBS via assisted registration was available at 36 community sites and 21 prisons. Implementation: 90% of DBS cards arriving at the laboratory had the three full spots required for testing; the proportion was higher in assisted (94%) compared to online (76%) registration. Conclusions This study demonstrated the feasibility of DBS testing for HIV and HCV in key populations including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, and demonstrated the utility of DBS in the prison setting.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTomoyuki Sato, Katsutaka Oishi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.01.2024
Tilføjet 30.01.2024
by Tomoyuki Sato, Katsutaka Oishi Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) occurs worldwide and is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and an increased risk of cirrhosis. Although a major proportion of NASH patients exhibit obesity and insulin resistance, 20% lack a high body mass and are categorized as “non-obese NASH”. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), limiting daily food intake within certain hours, improves obesity, lipid metabolism, and liver inflammation. Here, we determined whether TRF affects NASH pathology induced by a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CDAHFD), which does not involve obesity. TRF ameliorated the increase in epididymal white adipose tissue and plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels after 8 weeks of a CDAHFD. Although gene expression of TNF alpha in the liver was suppressed by TRF, it did not exhibit a suppressive effect on hepatic lipid accumulation, gene expression of cytokines and macrophage markers (Mcp1, IL1b, F4/80), or fibrosis, as evaluated by Sirius red staining and western blot analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin. A CDAHFD-induced increase in gene expression related to fibrogenesis (Collagen 1a1 and TGFβ) was neither suppressed by TRF nor that of alpha-smooth muscle actin but was increased by TRF. Our results indicated that TRF has a limited suppressive effect on CDAHFD-induced NASH pathology.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 29.01.2024
Tilføjet 29.01.2024
Abstract Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA may become integrated into the human genome of infected human hepatocytes. Expression of integrations can produce the surface antigen (HBsAg) that is required for synthesis of hepatitis D virus (HDV) particles and the abundant subviral particles in the blood of HBV- and HDV-infected subjects. Knowledge about the extent and variation of HBV integrations and impact on chronic HDV is still limited.Methods We investigated 50 pieces of liver explant tissue from five patients with hepatitis D-induced cirrhosis, using a deep sequencing strategy targeting HBV RNA.Results We found that integrations were abundant and highly expressed, however with large variation in number of integration derived (HBV/human chimeric) reads, both between and within patients. The median number of unique integrations for each patient correlated with serum levels of both HBsAg. Still, most of the HBV reads represented a few predominant integrations.Conclusions The results suggest that HBV DNA integrates in a large proportion of hepatocytes, and that the HBsAg output from these integrations vary >100-fold depending on clone size and expression rate. A small part of the integrations seems to determine the serum levels of HBsAg and HDV RNA in HBV/HDV co-infected patients with liver cirrhosis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
Abstract Background Estimated hepatitis C prevalence within the Veterans Health Administration is higher than the general population and is a risk factor for advanced liver disease and subsequent complications. We describe the hepatitis C care continuum within the Veterans Health Administration January 1, 2014-December 31, 2022.Methods We included individuals in Veterans Health Administration care 2021-2022 who were eligible for direct-acting antiviral treatment January 1, 2014-December 31, 2022. We evaluated the proportion of Veterans who progressed through each step of the hepatitis C care continuum, and identified factors associated with initiating direct-acting antivirals, achieving sustained virologic response, and repeat hepatitis C viremia.Results We identified 133,732 Veterans with hepatitis C viremia. Hepatitis C treatment was initiated in 107,134 (80.1%), with sustained virologic response achieved in 98,136 (91.6%). In those who achieved sustained virologic response, 1,097 (1.1%) had repeat viremia and 579 (52.8%) were retreated for hepatitis C. Veterans of younger ages were less likely to initiate treatment and achieve sustained virologic response, and more likely to have repeat viremia. Stimulant use and unstable housing were negatively associated with each step of the hepatitis C care continuum.Conclusions The Veterans Health Administration has treated 80% of Veterans with hepatitis C in care 2021-2022 and achieved sustained virologic response in more than 90% of those treated. Repeat viremia is rare and is associated with younger age, unstable housing, opioid use, and stimulant use. Ongoing efforts are needed to reach younger Veterans, and Veterans with unstable housing or substance use disorders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 27.01.2024
Tilføjet 27.01.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.01.2024
Tilføjet 26.01.2024
Abstract Background Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the function of the immune system by controlling the production, differentiation, and activity of immune cells. Occult hepatitis C virus (OHCV) infection can lead to liver damage, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study investigates the immunopathogenic impact of the cytokines IL-17 and IL-22 in OHCV infection compared to chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection. Methods We studied three groups of patients: 35 with OHCV, 100 untreated patients with CHC, and 30 healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent physical examination and biochemical testing. We used the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method to measure serum IL-17 and IL-22 levels in all groups. Results Compared to the occult and control groups, the CHC group had significantly higher serum IL-17 levels (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVytenis Kalibatas, Lina Kalibatienė, Dulat Imashpayev
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
by Vytenis Kalibatas, Lina Kalibatienė, Dulat Imashpayev The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected blood donors worldwide. It is important for the blood service to return to its pre-pandemic level as soon as possible and to perform its functions fully. This study compared the donation and demographic profiles of blood and its component donors one year before and during three pandemic years in Lithuania. All blood and blood component donations (n = 413,358) and demographic characteristics of all donors from April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2023, were analyzed. All data were obtained from annual publications, and statistics were obtained from the Blood Donor Register. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Following a 9.41 percent decrease in the first year of the pandemic, the quantity of blood and blood component donations increased by 3.49 percent in the third year compared to the pre-pandemic year. Throughout the three years of the pandemic, a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of first-time blood and blood component donations was observed. Both the number and proportion of donations by donors under 25 years old decreased during the pandemic. The proportion of pre-donation deferrals for all attempts to donate significantly decreased during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant lower prevalence of all positive transfusion-transmitted infectious (TTI) markers among all donations compared to the pre-pandemic year for all three pandemic years. The odds for hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and all TTI markers during the second and third pandemic years were significantly lower than those in the pre-pandemic year. In conclusion, most dimensions of blood and its component donations and donor characteristics have returned to pre-pandemic levels or show positive trends. However, the major concern is the remaining decrease in donations from first-time and donors under 25 years old.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 25.01.2024
Tilføjet 25.01.2024
Abstract Case presentation A pregnant woman developed hepatitis due to a herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection with a severe systemic inflammatory response. Treatment with acyclovir and human immunoglobulin was given and both mother and baby survived. Purpose We provide the first description of the inflammatory response associated with herpetic hepatitis in pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdamu Ambachew Shibabaw, Masresha Derese Tegegne, Agmasie Damtew Walle, Sisay Maru Wubante, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Melaku Molla Sisay, Adane Nigusie Weldeab
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.01.2024
Tilføjet 23.01.2024
by Adamu Ambachew Shibabaw, Masresha Derese Tegegne, Agmasie Damtew Walle, Sisay Maru Wubante, Nebebe Demis Baykemagn, Melaku Molla Sisay, Adane Nigusie Weldeab Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a major public health issue worldwide. Health information-seeking behavior is critical to obtain information about health, diseases such as the Hepatitis B virus, health risks, and health promotion and it has become a major concern of health policymakers. However, there is little evidence of information-seeking behavior on the Hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia. So, this study aimed to assess Hepatitis B virus information-seeking behavior and its associated factors among pregnant women at teaching and Specialized Hospitals, in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women at teaching and specialized hospitals, in Northwest Ethiopia from May 01 to June 01, 2022. A total of 423 participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The data was collected through an interview-administered questionnaire by kobo-collect software. Then export into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics, bi-variable, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with Hepatitis B virus information-seeking behavior. Results The proportion of information-seeking behavior on the Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women was 40.5% (CI = 35.7, 45.6). Education(diploma and above) [AOR = 3.3, 95% CI (1.31, 8.16)], more than one ANC visit [AOR = 5.99, 95% CI (3.20, 12.31)], smart-phone ownership [AOR = 4.1, 95%CI (1.35, 12.31)], internet access [AOR = 5.1, 95%CI (1.35, 15.60)], perceived susceptibility [AOR = 2.7, 95%CI (1.38, 5.31)], perceived severity [AOR = 3.7, 95%CI (2.06, 6.55)], and self-efficacy [AOR = 1.9, 95%CI (1.03, 3.73)] were factors influencing information seeking on Hepatitis B virus. Conclusion The overall proportion of information-seeking behavior on HBV among pregnant women was low. To improve information-seeking behavior on HBV among pregnant women we should connect the women to the internet and technology. Creating women’s awareness about the Hepatitis B virus severity and their venerability and increasing their antenatal care (ANC) visits, self-efficacy, internet access, and women’s education can improve information seeking about the Hepatitis B virus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.01.2024
Tilføjet 20.01.2024
Abstract Background As many as 2.4 million Americans are affected by chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in the United States.In 2018, the estimated number of adults with a history of HCV infection in San Diego County was 55,354 (95% CI: 25,411–93,329). This corresponded to a seroprevalence of 2.1% (95% CI: 2.1–3.4%). One-third of infections were among PWID. Published research has demonstrated that direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have high efficacy and can now be used by primary care providers to treat HCV. In addition, limited evidence exists to support the effectiveness of simplified algorithms in clinical trial and real-world settings. Even with expanded access to HCV treatment in primary care settings, there are still groups, especially people who inject drugs (PWID) and people experiencing homelessness, who experience treatment disparities due to access and treatment barriers. The current study extends the simplified algorithm with a streetside ‘one-stop-shop’ approach with integrated care (including the offer of buprenorphine prescriptions and abscess care) using a mobile clinic situated adjacent to a syringe service program serving many homeless populations. Rates of HCV treatment initiation and retention will be compared between patients offered HCV care in a mobile clinic adjacent to a syringe services program (SSP) and homeless encampment versus those who are linked to a community clinic’s current practice of usual care, which includes comprehensive patient navigation. Methods A quasi-experimental, prospective, interventional, comparative effectiveness trial with allocation of approximately 200 patients who inject drugs and have chronic HCV to the "simplified care" pathway (intervention group) or the "usual care" pathway (control group). Block randomization will be performed with a 1:1 randomization. Discussion Previous research has demonstrated acceptable outcomes for patients treated using simplified algorithms for DAAs and point-of-care testing in mobile medical clinics; however, there are opportunities to explore how these new, innovative systems of care impact treatment initiation rates or other HCV care cascade outcomes among PWID. Trial registration We have registered our study with ClinicalTrials.gov, a resource of the United States National Library of Medicine. This database contains research studies from United States and other countries around the world. Our study has not been previously published. The ClinicalTrials.gov registration identifier is NCT04741750.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKyungmin Park, Jongwoo Kim, Juyoung Noh, Kijin Kim, Eunyoung Yang, Seong‐Gyu Kim, Hee‐Kyung Cho, Kwan Soo Byun, Ji Hoon Kim, Young‐Sun Lee, Jung Ok Shim, Minsoo Shin, Won‐Keun Kim, Jin‐Won Song
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024