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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid-19) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1076 emner vises.
Palstam, A., Seljelid, J., Persson, H. C., Sunnerhagen, K. S.
BMJ Open, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
ObjectiveTo investigate how changes in levels of physical activity (PA) in regard to acute disease severity relate to perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19 infection. DesignAn observational study with an 18-month follow-up survey based on registry data from a national cohort. Participants5464 responders to the 18-month follow-up survey of a Swedish national cohort of 11 955 individuals on sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic. OutcomesThe follow-up survey included questions on daily life activities, as well as present and retrospective level of PA. Changes in PA level from before COVID-19 to follow-up were assessed by the Saltin-Grimby PA Level Scale and analysed by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Comparisons of groups were analysed by the Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and 2. Multiple binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association of changes in PA with perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities. ResultsAmong the 5464 responders (45% of national cohort), the PA level decreased. Hospitalised individuals had a lower PA level both prior to COVID-19 (p=0.035) and at the 18-month follow-up (p=0.008) compared with non-hospitalised responders. However, the level of PA decreased in both groups. A decrease in PA level increased the odds (OR 5.58, 95% CI 4.90 to 6.34) of having difficulties performing daily life activities. ConclusionsPA levels were reduced 18 months after COVID-19 infection. A decrease in PA over that time was associated with perceived difficulties performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19. As PA is important in maintaining health and deconditioning takes time to reverse, this decline may have long-term implications for PA and health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to assess and compare procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis patients. Additionally, we evaluated the diagnostic efficiency of PCT and CRP in distinguishing between Gram-positive (GP) and Gram-negative (GN) bacterial infections. Moreover, we explored the associations of PCT with specific pathogens in this context. Methods The study included 121 consecutive sepsis patients who underwent blood culture testing during the COVID-19 epidemic. PCT and CRP were measured, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed for the detection of COVID-19 nucleic acid. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare PCT and CRP between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare PCT and CRP levels in the GN group versus the GP group for assessing the diagnostic efficiency. The kruskal-Wallis H test was applied to assess the impact of specific pathogen groups on PCT concentrations. Results A total of 121 sepsis patients were categorized into a COVID-19 group (n = 25) and a non-COVID-19 group (n = 96). No significant differences in age and gender were observed between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The comparison of biomarkers between these groups showed no statistically significant differences. The optimal cut-off values for PCT and CRP in differentiating between GP and GN infections were 1.03 ng/mL and 34.02 mg/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.689 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.591–0.786) for PCT and 0.611 (95% CI 0.505–0.717) for CRP. The diagnostic accuracy was 69.42% for PCT and 58.69% for CRP. The study found a significant difference in PCT levels among specific groups of pathogens (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background Uganda has a high incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis (TB). Analysis of spatial and temporal distribution of TB is an important tool for supporting spatial decision-making, planning, and policy formulations; however, this information is not readily available in Uganda. We determined the spatial distribution and temporal trends of tuberculosis notifications in Uganda, 2013–2022. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of routinely-generated program data reported through the National TB and Leprosy Programme (NTLP) surveillance system. We abstracted data on all TB cases diagnosed from 2013 to 2022 by district and region. We drew choropleth maps for Uganda showing the TB case notification rates (CNR) per 100,000 and calculated the CNR using the cases per district as the numerator and individual district populations as the denominators. Population estimates were obtained from the 2014 National Population and Housing Census, and a national growth rate of 3% was used to estimate the annual population increase. Results Over the entire study period, 568,957 cases of TB were reported in Uganda. There was a 6% annual increase in TB CNR reported from 2013 (134/100,000) to 2022 (213/100,000) (p-value for trend p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background Azvudine has clinical benefits and acceptable safety against COVID-19, including in patients with comorbidities, but there is a lack of available data for its use in older adult patients. This study explored the effectiveness and safety of azvudine in older adults with mild or moderate COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients aged ≥80 diagnosed with COVID-19 at the Central Hospital of Shaoyang between October and November 2022. According to the therapies they received, the eligible patients were divided into the azvudine, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and standard-of-care (SOC) groups. The outcomes were the proportion of patients progressing to severe COVID-19, time to nucleic acid negative conversion (NANC), and the 5-, 7-, 10-, and 14-day NANC rates from admission. Results The study included 55 patients treated with azvudine (n = 14), nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (n = 18), and SOC (n = 23). The median time from symptom onset to NANC of the azvudine, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, and SOC groups was 14 (range, 6–25), 15 (range, 11–24), and 19 (range, 18–23) days, respectively. The median time from treatment initiation to NANC of the azvudine and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir groups was 8 (range, 4–20) and 9 (range, 5–16) days, respectively. The median length of hospital stay in the three groups was 10.5 (range, 5–23), 13.5 (range, 10–21), and 17 (range, 10–23) days, respectively. No treatment-related adverse events or serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Azvudine showed satisfactory effectiveness and acceptable safety in older adults with mild or moderate COVID-19. Therefore, azvudine could be a treatment option for this special patient population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Purpose To explore the effect of azvudine as compared to paxlovid for oral treatment of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods We analyzed data from a cohort of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Shandong provincial hospital between February 15 and March 15, 2023. The primary outcome was time to sustained clinical recovery through Day 28 and secondary outcomes included the percentage of participants who died from any cause by Day 28, the average hospitilization time and expenses, the changes in liver and kidney function and adverse events. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model was used for statistical analysis. Results There was no significant difference between azvudine and paxlovid in terms of time to sustained clinical recovery (p = 0.429) and death rates (p = 0.687). As for hospitalization time and fee, no significant differences were observed between azvudine group and paxlovid group (Hospitalization time: p = 0.633; Hospitalization fee: p = 0.820). In addition, there were no significant differences in the effects of the two drugs on liver and kidney function (p > 0.05). Conclusion Among adults who were hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection, azvudine was noninferior to paxlovid in terms of time to sustained clinical recovery, death rates, hospitalization time and cost, with few safety concerns. Trial registration ChiCTR2300071309; Registered 11 May 2023. Level of evidence Level III; Retrospective cohort study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Within a multi-state clinical cohort, SARS-CoV-2 antiviral prescribing patterns were evaluated from April 2022-June 2023 among non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with risk factors for severe COVID-19. Among 3,247 adults, only 31.9% were prescribed an antiviral agent (87.6% nirmatrelvir/ritonavir, 11.9% molnupiravir, 0.5% remdesivir), highlighting the need to identify and address treatment barriers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
by Gabriela Czarnek, Małgorzata Kossowska We examine the relationships between the perception of the scientific consensus regarding vaccines, and vaccine attitudes and intentions (N total = 2,362) in the context of COVID-19 disease. Based on the correlational evidence found (Study 1), perceived scientific consensus and vaccine attitudes are closely related. This association was stronger among people who trust (vs. distrust) scientists; however, political ideology did not moderate these effects. The experimental evidence (Studies 2–3) indicates that consensus messaging influences the perception of consensus; nonetheless, the effects on vaccine attitudes or intentions were non-significant. Furthermore, message aiming at reducing psychological reactance was similarly ineffective in changing attitudes as traditional consensus message.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXuejiao Chen, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
by Xuejiao Chen, Wei-Jun Jean Yeung This study examines how household food insecurity shapes young children’s behavior problems in Singapore. The analysis is based on two waves of data collected before and during COVID-19 from a nationally representative sample of 2,601 children in the Singapore Longitudinal Early Development Study (SG-LEADS, Mage = 4.5 at wave 1, Mage = 6 at wave 2). Results based on propensity score matching, fixed effects analysis and lagged-variable models show a positive association between household food insecurity and children’s behavior problems both concurrently and over a two-year period. Two mediating pathways of this association are identified—children’s dietary intake and family stress. Children in food-insecure households tend to consume fewer vegetables and more sugar-sweetened beverages and carbohydrates, which is associated with elevated behavior problems. Parents in food-insecure households exhibit greater emotional distress, diminished parental warmth, and increased punitive parenting practices, also contributing to their children’s behavior problems. The family stress pathway has a stronger explanatory power than the nutrition pathway on children’s behavior problems. This study reveals that food insecurity is a risk factor for children’s behavior problems in early childhood which can lead to later developmental vulnerabilities for children in financially deprived families.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.01.2024
Tilføjet 4.01.2024
Abstract Background The World Health Organization announced the end of the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) global health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the reports from different countries indicate an elevation in the number of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and deaths through the last months. The subvariant XBB.1.5 (Kraken) was the cause of 49.1% of COVID-19 cases by the end of January 2023. Although, the subvariant EG.5 (Eris) has surpassed the XBB.1.5 recently. EG.5 is a close subvariant descending from XBB.1.9.2 subvariant of Omicron. EG.5.1 is a sublineage carrying two crucial spike mutations F456L and Q52H. Up to now, it is not well-established whether its infectivity, severity, and immune evasion have shown any change or not. Also, BA.2.86 another subvariant of Omicron descending from BA.2 bears over 30 mutations which could affect its infectivity and transmissibility. Methods Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google were searched with six keywords up to 20 November 2023 and highly reliable research and reports were selected to refer to in this article. Purpose This brief review aims to overview the most reliable data about EG.5 and BA.2.86 based on scientific evidence. Conclusion Based on the currently available data these two new subvariants have similar features with currently circulating variants of Omicron and are less immune evasive than ancestral SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
People living in nursing homes tended to need more help with activities of daily living, such as bathing and dressing, for months following infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared with their peers who were not infected, a retrospective cohort study found. Nursing home residents also experienced modest declines in cognition after COVID-19 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
US life expectancy has risen by 1.1 years, from 76.4 years in 2021 to 77.5 years in 2022, according to provisional data from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics. Yet the increase does not cancel out the 2.4-year decrease in life expectancy that occurred between 2019 and 2021, due in large part to excess deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Daniel A. Sweeney, Suzana M. Lobo, Pedro Póvoa, Andre C. Kalil
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Immunomodulatory therapy has been extensively studied in randomized clinical trials for the treatment of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with inconsistent findings. Guideline committees, reviewing the same clinical trial data, have generated different recommendations for immunomodulatory therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLesaine, E., Francis, F., Domecq, S., Miganeh-Hadi, S., Sevin, F., Sibon, I., Rouanet, F., Pradeau, C., Coste, P., Cetran, L., Vandentorren, S., Saillour, F., AVICOVID group, Faucheux, Leca Radu, Seignolles, Chazalon, Dan, Lucas, Peron, Wong-So, Martinez, Nocon, Hostyn, Papin, Bordier, Casenave, Maillard, Ondze, Argacha, Tidahy, Ferraton, Mostefai, Demasles, Hubrecht, Bakpa, Bartou, Bannier, Bernady, Ellie, Higue, Marnat, Berge, Goze-Dupuy, Lavocat, Senis, Delonglee, Darraillans, Mokni, Bataille, Lorendeau, Eclancher, Trogoff, Chartroule, Touchard, Leyral, Ngounou, Scouarnec, Orcival, Goulois, Heydel, Tahon, Py, Bidian, Fabre, Cherhabil, Baha, Fort, Maisonnave, Verhoeven, Claveries, Ansart, Lefevre, Liepa, Lacrouts, Coustere, Fournier, Jarnier, Delarche, Banos, Marque, Karsenty, Perron, Leymarie, Hassan, Casteigt, Larnaudie, Combes, Laplace
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate whether the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a deterioration in the quality of care for socially and/or clinically vulnerable stroke and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. DesignTwo cohorts of STEMI and stroke patients in the Aquitaine neurocardiovascular registry. SettingSix emergency medical services, 30 emergency units, 14 hospitalisation units and 11 catheterisation laboratories in the Aquitaine region in France. ParticipantsThis study involved 9218 patients (6436 stroke and 2782 STEMI patients) in the neurocardiovascular registry from January 2019 to August 2020. Primary outcome measuresCare management times in both cohorts: first medical contact-to-procedure time for the STEMI cohort and emergency unit admission-to-imaging time for the stroke cohort. Associations between social (deprivation index) and clinical (age >65 years, neurocardiovascular history) vulnerabilities and care management times were analysed using multivariate linear mixed models, with an interaction on the time period (pre-wave, per-wave and post-first COVID-19 wave). ResultsThe first medical contact procedure time was longer for elderly (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQian, C., Chen, Q., Lin, W., Li, Z., Zhu, J., Zhang, J., Luan, L., Zheng, B., Zhao, G., Tian, J., Zhang, T.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesTo depict the seasonality and age variations of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in the context of the COVID-19 impact. DesignRetrospective cohort study. ParticipantsThe observational cohort study was conducted at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2021 and involved 132 797 children born in 2017 or 2018. They were followed and identified CAP episodes by screening on the Health Information Systems of outpatients and inpatients in the same hospital. OutcomeThe CAP episodes were defined when the diagnoses coded as J09–J18 or J20–J22. The incidence of CAP was estimated stratified by age, sex, birth year, health status group, season and month, and the rate ratio was calculated and adjusted by a quasi-Poisson regression model. Stratified analysis of incidence of CAP by birth month was conducted to understand the age and seasonal variation. ResultsThe overall incidence of CAP among children aged ≤5 years was 130.08 per 1000 person years. Children aged ≤24 months have a higher CAP incidence than those aged >24 months (176.84 vs 72.04 per 1000 person years, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrennan, L., Stres, D. P., Egboko, F., Patel, P., Broad, E., Brewster, L., Lunn, J., Isba, R.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
ObjectivesHealth inequalities are systematic differences in health between people, which are avoidable and unfair. Globally, more political strategies are required to address health inequalities, which have increased since the global SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic, with a disproportionate impact on children. This scoping review aimed to identify and collate information on how hospitals around the world that deliver care to children have addressed health inequalities. DesignScoping review focused solely on grey literature. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesFollowing Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, a four-step approach to identifying literature was adopted. Data sourcesOverton, OpenGrey, OpenMD, Trip Database, DuckDuckGo, Google, targeted websites and children’s hospital websites were searched on March 2023 for items published since 2010. Data extraction and synthesisRetrieved items were screened against clear inclusion and exclusion criteria before data were extracted by two independent reviewers using a data extraction tool. Studies were tabulated by a hospital. A meta-analysis was not conducted due to the varied nature of studies and approaches. ResultsOur study identified 26 approaches to reduction of health inequalities, from 17 children’s hospitals. Approaches were categorised based on their size and scope. Seven approaches were defined as macro, including hospital-wide inequality strategies. Ten approaches were classed as meso, including the establishment of new departments and research centres. Micro approaches (n=9) included one-off projects or interventions offered to specific groups/services. Almost half of the reported approaches did not discuss the evaluation of impact. ConclusionsChildren’s hospitals provide a suitable location to conduct public health interventions. This scoping review provides examples of approaches on three scales delivered at hospitals across high-income countries. Hospitals with the most comprehensive and extensive range of approaches employ dedicated staff within the hospital and community. This review indicates the value of recruitment of both public health-trained staff and culturally similar staff to deliver community-based interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCankardas, S., Tagiyeva-Milne, N., Loiseau, M., Naughton, A., Grylli, C., Sammut - Scerri, C., Pivoriene, J., Schöggl, J., Pantazidou, A., Quantin, C., Mora-Theuer, E. A.
BMJ Open, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
IntroductionWhile the factors commonly associated with an increased risk of child maltreatment (CM) were found to be increased during COVID-19, reports of actual maltreatment showed varying trends. Similarly, evidence regarding the impact of COVID-19 on CM within the European Cooperation on Science and Technology and Network Collaborative (COST) Action countries remains inconsistent. This scoping review aims to explore the extent and nature of evidence pertaining to CM within the countries affiliated with the Child Abuse and Neglect in Europe Action Network (Euro-CAN), funded by the COST. Methods and analysisKey electronic databases were searched to identify eligible papers, reports and other material published between January 2020 and April 2023: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Scopus and Web of Science. To cover the breadth of evidence, a systematic and broad search strategy was applied using a combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary for four concepts: children, maltreatment, COVID-19 and Euro-CAN countries, without restrictions on study design or language. Grey literature was searched in OpenGrey and Google Scholar. Two reviewers will independently screen full-text publications for eligibility and undertake data extraction, using a customised grid. The screening criteria and data charting will be piloted by the research team. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews will be followed to present the results. Results will be summarised in a tabular form and narratively. Ethics and disseminationThis review will identify and summarise publicly available data, without requiring ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated to the Euro-CAN Network and reported to the COST Association. They will also be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This protocol is registered on Open Science Framework.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 64-68
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 170-178
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 1 Pages: 170-178
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis is a serious or life-threatening disease in immunosuppressed patients and pregnant women. This study examined the likely association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and COVID-19 patients with moderate illness. Methods Seventy blood samples were collected from patients at the Health Reference Laboratory of Tabriz, Northwest Iran from April 2021 to September 2021. In addition, 70 healthy subjects of the same age (37 ± 15 years) and sex distribution were ethnically matched. Sera samples were examined for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies using ELISA. Nested-PCR targets were amplified based on the B1 and GRA6 genes. GRA6 amplicons were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Results The seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis based on IgG titer was 35.7% in the COVID‑19 patients and 27.1% in the control group, representing not to be associated with the Toxoplasma seropositivity in COVID‑19 patients (P = 0.18) compared to healthy subjects. Anti-T. gondii IgM was not found in any of the patients and healthy individuals. According to PCR amplification of the B1 and GRA6 genes, the frequency of T. gondii in COVID-19 patients was 14.2% (10/70). However, no T. gondii infection was detected in the healthy group. The CD4+T cell count was relatively lower in toxoplasmosis-infected patients (430–450 cells/mm3) than in control group (500–1500 cells/mm3). High genetic diversity (Hd: 0.710) of the type I strain of T. gondii was characterized in the patients. Present results showed that consumption of raw vegetables and close contact with stray cats can increase the transmission of T. gondii to COVID-19 patients (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuzhou ChenYulia R. GelMadhav V. MaratheH. Vincent PooraDepartment of Computer and Information Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122bDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080cDivision of Mathematical Sciences, NSF, Alexandria, VA 22314dDepartment of Computer Science, University of VirginiaeBiocomplexity Institute and Initiative, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904fDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 1, January 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Changing patterns of respiratory infections have been seen again in 2024. Disease incidence shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic due to lockdowns and social distancing, which slowed down pathogen circulation and the development of immunity at a population level. Influenza and RSV have settled into a more traditional pattern this year, but tuberculosis and pneumonia incidence remains unusual.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHui Zhang, Chaolin Huang, Xiaoying Gu, Yeming Wang, Xia Li, Min Liu, Qiongya Wang, Jiuyang Xu, Yimin Wang, Huaping Dai, Dingyu Zhang, Bin Cao
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Most long COVID symptoms at 3 years were mild to moderate, with lung function recovering to levels of matched controls. Survivors with long COVID had a higher proportion of participants with re-infection and newly occurring or worse symptoms 3 months after omicron infection than those without long COVID. Re-infection had increased symptom occurrence but not increased reduced daily activity. Although the organ function of survivors of COVID-19 recovered over time, those with severe long COVID symptoms, abnormal organ function, or limited mobility require urgent attention in future clinical practice and research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLei Du, Wei Lu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Yu Lou, Chao Xiao, Yi Lian
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
by Yu Lou, Chao Xiao, Yi Lian This study investigates the dynamic and asymmetric propagation of return spillovers between sectoral commodities and industry stock markets in China. Using a daily dataset from February 2007 to July 2022, we employ a time-varying vector autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model to examine the asymmetric return spillovers and dynamic connectedness across sectors. The results reveal significant time-varying spillovers among these sectors, with the industry stocks acting as the primary transmitter of information to the commodity market. Materials, energy, and industrials stock sectors contribute significantly to these spillovers due to their close ties to commodity production and processing. The study also identifies significant asymmetric spillovers with bad returns dominating, influenced by major economic and political events such as the 2008 global financial crisis, the 2015 Chinese stock market crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Furthermore, our study highlights the unique dynamics within the Chinese market, where net information spillovers from the stock market to commodities drive the financialization process, which differs from the bidirectional commodity financialization observed in other markets. Finally, portfolio analysis reveals that the minimum connectedness portfolio outperforms other approaches and effectively reflects asymmetries. Understanding these dynamics and sectoral heterogeneities has important implications for risk management, policy development, and trading practices.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInada-Kim, M., Chmiel, F. P., Boniface, M., Burns, D., Pocock, H., Black, J., Deakin, C.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
ObjectivesTo evaluate oxygen saturation and vital signs measured in the community by emergency medical services (EMS) as clinical markers of COVID-19-positive patient deterioration. DesignA retrospective data analysis. SettingPatients were conveyed by EMS to two hospitals in Hampshire, UK, between 1 March 2020 and 31 July 2020. ParticipantsA total of 1080 patients aged ≥18 years with a COVID-19 diagnosis were conveyed by EMS to the hospital. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary study outcome was admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 30 days of conveyance, with a secondary outcome representing mortality within 30 days of conveyance. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate, in a retrospective fashion, the efficacy of different variables in predicting patient outcomes. ResultsVital signs measured by EMS staff at the first point of contact in the community correlated with patient 30-day ICU admission and mortality. Oxygen saturation was comparably predictive of 30-day ICU admission (area under ROC (AUROC) 0.753; 95% CI 0.668 to 0.826) to the National Early Warning Score 2 (AUROC 0.731; 95% CI 0.655 to 0.800), followed by temperature (AUROC 0.720; 95% CI 0.640 to 0.793) and respiration rate (AUROC 0.672; 95% CI 0.586 to 0.756). ConclusionsInitial oxygen saturation measurements (on air) for confirmed COVID-19 patients conveyed by EMS correlated with short-term patient outcomes, demonstrating an AUROC of 0.753 (95% CI 0.668 to 0.826) in predicting 30-day ICU admission. We found that the threshold of 93% oxygen saturation is prognostic of adverse events and of value for clinician decision-making with sensitivity (74.2% CI 0.642 to 0.840) and specificity (70.6% CI 0.678 to 0.734).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHayes, E., Yogeeswaran, K., Zubielevitch, E., Lee, C. H. J., Cording, J., Sibley, C. G.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
ObjectivesVaccinations are an important preventative measure in reducing the spread of infectious diseases worldwide. However, concerns of undervaccination during childhood have become increasingly common. The current study aims to investigate changes in attitudes towards childhood vaccinations prior to the COVID-19 pandemic using a national sample from New Zealand. DesignAge-based, period-based, and cohort-based changes were assessed using cohort-sequential latent growth modelling in 11 overlapping birth cohorts, which spanned the ages of 23–79 years. Setting and participantsData were taken from the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study where 58 654 adults completed at least one wave across a 7-year period (2013 and 2015–2019). ResultsThe period-based and cohort-based models fit the data equally well (2(282)=8547.93, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuarchaj, M., Tschida, S., Milian Chew, J. P., Aguilar, A., Flood, D., Fort, M. P., Morales, L. C., Mendoza Montano, C., Rodriguez Serrano, S. N., Rohloff, P.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has impacted globally the care of chronic diseases. However, direct evidence from certain vulnerable communities, such as Indigenous communities in Latin America, is missing. We use observational data from a health district that primarily serves people of Maya K’iche’ ethnicity to examine the care of type 2 diabetes in Guatemala during the pandemic. MethodsWe used a parallel convergent mixed methods design. Quantitative data (n=142 individuals with diabetes) included glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure, body mass index and questionnaires on diabetes knowledge, self-care and diabetes distress. Quantitative data was collected at two points, at baseline and after COVID restrictions were lifted. For quantitative outcomes, we constructed multilevel mixed effects models with multiple imputation for missing data. Qualitative data included interviews with providers, supervisors and individuals living with diabetes (n=20). We conducted thematic framework analysis using an inductive approach. ResultsQuantitative data was collected between June 2019 and February 2021, with a median of 487 days between data collection points. HbA1c worsened +0.54% (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.94) and knowledge about diabetes decreased –3.54 points (95% CI, –4.56 to –2.51). Qualitatively, the most important impact of the pandemic was interruption of the regular timing of home visits and peer group meetings which were the standard of care. ConclusionsThe deterioration of diabetes care was primarily attributed to the loss of regular contact with healthcare workers. The results emphasize the vulnerability of rural and Indigenous populations in Latin America to the suspension of chronic disease care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGmanyami, J. M., Jarynowski, A., Belik, V., Lambert, O., Amuasi, J., Quentin, W.
BMJ Open, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by a massive death toll. However, the overall effect of the pandemic, including potential unintended negative impacts of some control measures, on mortality remains poorly understood in low-income and lower middle-income countries (LLMICs). This review aims to summarise the available literature on excess mortality in LLMICs, focusing on the methods and data sources used in estimating excess mortality and the drivers of excess mortality. Methods and analysisWe will review the available literature and report results in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Searches will be conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Scopus. All published studies that report on the estimates of excess mortality in populations of LLMICs will be included. This will include those with a publication date from 2019 onwards and those with at least a 1-year non-COVID-19 period as the comparator in the estimation of excess mortality during the pandemic. There will be no language restrictions on the search. The meta-analysis will include studies with extractable data on excess mortality, methods, population size, and observed and expected deaths. We will use the Mantel-Haenszel method to estimate the pooled risk ratio with 95% CIs. Ethics and disseminationAs there is no primary data collection, there is no requirement for ethical review. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journal publication and conference presentations. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022378267.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The health crisis due to Covid-19 led to the search for therapeutics that could improve the evolution of the disease. Remdesivir, an antiviral that interferes with viral replication, was one of the first to be used for the treatment of this pathology. Objective To determine clinical course and mortality of patients with severe SARS-CoV‐2 pneumonia treated with remdesivir, in comparison of those who didn’t receive the medication. Patients and methods Retrospective cohort study, with medical records review of COVID-19 patients, between August 2020 and August 2021. The subjects were divided into two groups, those who received remdesivir before or after admission to intensive care and those who didn’t. The primary outcome variable was mortality in intensive care. Results Of 214 subjects included, 109 (50,9%) received remdesivir. The median of days for the drug administration was 8 (2-20), IQR: 3. The bivariate analysis prove that the use of remdesivir was related with lower risk of develop Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (p = 0,019; OR: 0,521) and lower requirement of mechanical ventilation (p = 0,006; OR:0,450). Additionally, patients treated with remdesivir develop less kidney injury (p = 0,009; OR: 0,441). There was a total of 82 deaths, 29 (26,6%) in the remdesivir group and 53 (50,5%) in the control group [p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background France implemented a combination of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to manage the COVID-19 pandemic between September 2020 and June 2021. These included a lockdown in the fall 2020 – the second since the start of the pandemic – to counteract the second wave, followed by a long period of nighttime curfew, and by a third lockdown in the spring 2021 against the Alpha wave. Interventions have so far been evaluated in isolation, neglecting the spatial connectivity between regions through mobility that may impact NPI effectiveness. Methods Focusing on September 2020–June 2021, we developed a regionally-based epidemic metapopulation model informed by observed mobility fluxes from daily mobile phone data and fitted the model to regional hospital admissions. The model integrated data on vaccination and variants spread. Scenarios were designed to assess the impact of the Alpha variant, characterized by increased transmissibility and risk of hospitalization, of the vaccination campaign and alternative policy decisions. Results The spatial model better captured the heterogeneity observed in the regional dynamics, compared to models neglecting inter-regional mobility. The third lockdown was similarly effective to the second lockdown after discounting for immunity, Alpha, and seasonality (51% vs 52% median regional reduction in the reproductive number R0, respectively). The 6pm nighttime curfew with bars and restaurants closed, implemented in January 2021, substantially reduced COVID-19 transmission. It initially led to 49% median regional reduction of R0, decreasing to 43% reduction by March 2021. In absence of vaccination, implemented interventions would have been insufficient against the Alpha wave. Counterfactual scenarios proposing a sequence of lockdowns in a stop-and-go fashion would have reduced hospitalizations and restriction days for low enough thresholds triggering and lifting restrictions. Conclusions Spatial connectivity induced by mobility impacted the effectiveness of interventions especially in regions with higher mobility rates. Early evening curfew with gastronomy sector closed allowed authorities to delay the third wave. Stop-and-go lockdowns could have substantially lowered both healthcare and societal burdens if implemented early enough, compared to the observed application of lockdown-curfew-lockdown, but likely at the expense of several labor sectors. These findings contribute to characterize the effectiveness of implemented strategies and improve pandemic preparedness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Antivirals have been given widely for patients with COVID-19 breakthrough in Asian countries, creating a “black market” for unapproved and unprescribed medications. More evidence is needed to clarify the benefits of antivirals in these settings. Methods We conducted a random-sampling retrospective cohort study at a general hospital in Vietnam. We recruited patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 breakthrough who were given either standard of care (SoC) alone or SoC + antiviral. Primary outcome was residual respiratory symptoms that lasted > 7 days. Secondary outcome was long COVID-19, diagnosed by specialized physicians. We used logistic regression to measure odds ratio (OR), in addition to a sensitivity and subgroup analyses to further explore the results. Results A total of 142 patients (mean age 36.2 ± 9.8) were followed. We recorded residual symptoms in 27.9% and 20.3% of the SoC and SoC + antiviral group, while the figures for long COVID-19 were 11.8% and 8.1%, respectively. Antiviral use was not significantly associated with lower the risks of residual symptoms (OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.22–1.20, p = 0.12) or long COVID-19 (OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.16–1.90, p = 0.35). The sensitivity and subgroup analyses did not show any significant differences between the study groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusion Antivirals were not associated with faster resolution of respiratory symptoms or lower risks of long COVID-19. Further studies should focus on different antivirals to confirm their effects on different sub-populations. Meanwhile, antivirals should only be used in very high-risk patients to avoid excessive costs and harms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background In the context of increasing population aging, ongoing drug-resistant pathogens and the COVID-19 epidemic, the changes in the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with pneumonia remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the trends in hospitalization, case fatality, comorbidities, and isolated pathogens of pneumonia-related adult inpatients in Guangzhou during the last decade. Methods We retrospectively enrolled hospitalized adults who had doctor-diagnosed pneumonia in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022. A natural language processing system was applied to automatically extract the clinical data from electronic health records. We evaluated the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations in total hospitalizations, pneumonia-related in-hospital case fatality, comorbidities, and species of isolated pathogens during the last decade. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess predictors for patients with prolonged length of stay (LOS). Results A total of 38,870 cases were finally included in this study, with 70% males, median age of 64 (53, 73) years and median LOS of 7.9 (5.1, 12.8) days. Although the number of pneumonia-related hospitalizations showed an upward trend, the proportion of pneumonia-related hospitalizations decreased from 199.6 per 1000 inpatients in 2013 to 123.4 per 1000 in 2021, and the case fatality decreased from 50.2 per 1000 in 2013 to 23.9 per 1000 in 2022 (all P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background A major epidemic of COVID-19 caused by the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) occurred in India from March to July 2021, resulting in 19 million documented cases. Given the limited healthcare and testing capacities, the actual number of infections is likely to have been greater than reported, and several modelling studies and excess mortality research indicate that this epidemic involved substantial morbidity and mortality. Methods To estimate the incidence during this epidemic, we used border entry screening data in Japan to estimate the daily incidence and cumulative incidence of COVID-19 infection in India. Analysing the results of mandatory testing among non-Japanese passengers entering Japan from India, we calculated the prevalence and then backcalculated the incidence in India from February 28 to July 3, 2021. Results The estimated number of infections ranged from 448 to 576 million people, indicating that 31.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 26.1, 37.7) – 40.9% (95% CI: 33.5, 48.4) of the population in India had experienced COVID-19 infection from February 28 to July 3, 2021. In addition to obtaining cumulative incidence that was consistent with published estimates, we showed that the actual incidence of COVID-19 infection during the 2021 epidemic in India was approximately 30 times greater than that based on documented cases, giving a crude infection fatality risk of 0.47%. Adjusting for test-negative certificate before departure, the quality control of which was partly questionable, the cumulative incidence can potentially be up to 2.3–2.6 times greater than abovementioned estimates. Conclusions Our estimate of approximately 32–41% cumulative infection risk from February 28 to July 3, 2021 is roughly consistent with other published estimates, and they can potentially be greater, given an exit screening before departure. The present study results suggest the potential utility of border entry screening data to backcalculate the incidence in countries with limited surveillance capacity owing to a major surge in infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is a primary prevention approach to preventing disease by disconnecting the transmission chain. The current study utilized a BASNEF model framework to identify factors influencing subsequent doses of COVID-19 vaccination among older adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the west of Iran in May 2022. The participants were selected via multi-stage sampling. Finally, 1120 participants contributed to the present study. The questionnaire consisted of three sections: a) Socio-demographic characteristics, b) cognitive impairments tests, and c) Questionnaire about the subsequent dose of COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on the BASNEF model. Data were analyzed using the software IBM AMOS-20 and SPSS-23 via one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-tests were used, too. The significance level of statistical tests was regarded as less than 0.05. Results The presented results of analyzing 50% of the variance of vaccination intention as the dependent variable (R square = 0.497) and 10% of the behavior variance as the dependent variable (R square = 0.104) can be explained based on the BASNEF model. The enabling factors (β = 0.636, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The first local outbreak of Delta Variant B.1.617.2 COVID-19 of China occurred in Guangzhou city, south China, in May 2021. This study analyzed the transmission chains and local cluster characteristics of this outbreak, intended to provide information support for the development and adjustment of local prevention and control strategies. Methods The transmission chains and local cluster characteristics of 161 local cases in the outbreak were described and analyzed. Incubation period, serial interval and generation time were calculated using the exact time of exposure and symptom onset date of the cases. The daily number of reported cases and the estimated generation time were used to estimate the effective reproduction number (Rt). Results We identified 7 superspreading events who had more than 5 next generation cases and their infected cases infected 70.81%(114/161) of all the cases transmission. Dining and family exposure were the main transmission routes in the outbreak, with 29.19% exposed through dining and 32.30% exposed through family places. Through further analysis of the outbreak, the estimated mean incubation period was 4.22 (95%CI: 3.66–4.94) days, the estimated mean generation time was 2.60 (95%CI: 1.96–3.11) days, and the estimated Rt was 3.29 (95%CI: 2.25–5.07). Conclusions Classification and dynamically adjusted prevention and control measures had been carried out according to analysis of transmission chains and epidemical risk levels, including promoting nucleic acid screening at different regions and different risk levels, dividing closed-off area, controlled area according to the risk of infection, raising the requirements of leaving Guangzhou. By the above control measures, Guangzhou effectively control the outbreak within 28 days without implementing a large-scale lockdown policy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a major global health burden due to their high morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study described the epidemiology of respiratory pathogens in adults over a 5-year period at an Australian tertiary healthcare network. Methods All multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction respiratory samples taken between the 1st of November 2014 and the 31st of October 2019 were included in this study. Overall prevalence and variations according to seasons, age groups and sex were analysed, as well as factors associated with prolonged hospital and intensive care length of stay. Results There were 12,453 pathogens detected amongst the 12,185 positive samples, with coinfection rates of 3.7%. Picornavirus (Rhinovirus), Influenza A and respiratory syncytial virus were the most commonly detected pathogens. Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the most commonly detected atypical bacteria. Significant differences in the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Human metapneumovirus infections were found between sexes. Longest median length of intensive care and hospital stay was for Legionella species. Seasonal variations were evident for certain pathogens. Conclusions The high rates of pathogen detection and hospitalisation in this real-world study highlights the significant burden of RTIs, and the urgent need for an improved understanding of the pathogenicity as well as preventative and treatment options of RTIs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Abstract Background The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. Co-infection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may lead to poor prognosis of patients during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, reports on patients co-infected with avian influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce. Case presentation A 52-year-old woman presented with a fever, which has persisted for the past eight days, along with worsening shortness of breath and decreased blood pressure. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an air bronchogram, lung consolidation, and bilateral pleural effusion. The subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed positivity for H5N1 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Conclusion The H5N1 influenza virus is a cause of severe pneumonia. The clinical presentation of the patient had a predomination of H5N1 influenza rather than COVID-19. A PCR analysis for the identification of the virus is necessary to reveal the pathogen causing the severe pneumonia. The patient exhibited an excellent prognosis upon the use of the appropriate antiviral medicine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamírez-Ortiz, Daisy; Jean-Gilles, Michele; Sheehan, Diana M.; Ladner, Robert; Li, Tan; Trepka, Mary Jo
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 2.01.2024
Tilføjet 2.01.2024
Background: Racial/ethnic minority groups with HIV in the United States are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 consequences and can significantly benefit from increased uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. This study identified factors associated with full COVID-19 vaccination among people with HIV. Setting: Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Methods: Data were collected from 299 RWP adult clients during January–March 2022 using a cross-sectional phone survey. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All analyses were weighted to be representative of the race/ethnicity and sex distribution of clients in the RWP. Results: Eighty-four percent of participants were fully vaccinated with a primary vaccine series; stratified by race/ethnicity, the percentages were 88.9% of Hispanic, 72.0% of Black/African American, and 67.5% of Haitian participants. Fully vaccinated participants were less likely to be Black/African American than Hispanic (aOR=0.18; 95% CI=0.05-0.67) and more likely to not endorse any misconceptions about COVID-19 vaccines (aOR=8.26; 95% CI=1.38-49.64), to report encouragement to get vaccinated from sources of information (aOR=20.82; 95% CI=5.84-74.14), and to perceive that more than 50% of their social network was vaccinated (aOR=3.35; 95% CI=1.04-10.71). Experiences of healthcare discrimination, structural barriers to access vaccines, and recommendations from HIV providers were not associated with full vaccination. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of delivering accurate and positive messages about vaccines and engaging social networks to promote COVID-19 vaccination among PWH. This information can be leveraged to promote uptake of subsequent boosters and other recommended vaccines. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJia-Wei XuBu-Sen WangPing GaoHai-Tao HuangFei-Yu WangWei QiuYuan-Yuan ZhangYu XuJin-Bo GouLin-Ling YuXuan LiuRui-Jie WangTao ZhuLi-Hua HouQing- Wanga Expanded Program on Immunization, Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of Chinab Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinad CanSino Biologics Inc., Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinae Expanded Program on Immunization, Yubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 31.12.2023
Tilføjet 31.12.2023
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavirOmicronSARS-CoV-2COVID-19chronic kidney diseasehemodialysispharmacokinetics
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaba, C., Atamo, A., Gebretsadik Weldehanna, D., Oli, A., Debela, S. A., Luke, A. O., Gebrehiwot, M.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
ObjectiveNon-compliance with COVID-19 infection prevention and control (IPC) is one of the global public health problems particularly among those frontline healthcare workers. However, there are no detailed investigations on COVID-19 IPC compliance among healthcare workers in conflict-affected settings. The objective of this research was to assess compliance with COVID-19 IPC measures and determine the factors associated with it among healthcare providers in Ethiopian governmental hospitals affected by conflict. DesignA cross-sectional study was carried out within institutional settings. Study setting and periodThe study was conducted in three public hospitals located in northeastern Ethiopia during the period of March to April 2022. ParticipantsSimple random sampling technique was used to select 325 healthcare workers after proportional allocation was made to each public hospital. Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with the lack of adherence to the COVID-19 IPC protocol. ResultsNearly half (150, 46.2%) of the healthcare workers had non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC protocol. Absence of hand washing soap (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.99; 95% CI 2.46 to 5.76), workload (AOR=2.25; 95% CI 1.33 to 3.84), disruption in the supply of piped water (AOR=1.82; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.99), did not undergo training in COVID-19 IPC (AOR=2.85; 95% CI 1.85 to 4.84), absence of COVID-19 IPC guidelines (AOR=2.14; 95% CI 1.11 to 4.13) and chewing khat (AOR=2.3; 95% CI 1.32 to 3.72) were determinant factors for non-compliance. ConclusionsThe magnitude of non-compliance with COVID-19 IPC was high. Hospital managers and federal ministry of health should provide regular training on COVID-19 IPC, continuous piped water and personal protective facilities for healthcare workers. Ultimately, improving the security situation in the area would help improve COVID-19 IPC compliance among healthcare workers in these and other similar conflict-affected settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRostomian, L., Chiloyan, A., Hentschel, E., Messerlian, C.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionArmed conflict worldwide and across history has harmed the health of populations directly and indirectly, including generations beyond those immediately exposed to violence. The 2020 war between Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh, inhabited by an ethnically Armenian population, provides an example of how conflict harmed health during COVID-19. We hypothesised that crises exposure would correspond to decreased healthcare utilisation rates and worse health outcomes for the maternal and infant population in Armenia, compounded during the pandemic. MethodsFollowing a mixed-methods approach, we used ecological data from 1980 to 2020 to evaluate health trends in conflict, measured as battle-related deaths (BRDs), COVID-19 cases, and maternal and infant health indicators during periods of conflict and peace in Armenia. We also interviewed 10 key informants about unmet needs, maternal health-seeking behaviours and priorities during the war, collecting recommendations to mitigate the effects of future crisis on maternal and infant health. We followed a deductive coding approach to analyse transcripts and harvest themes. ResultsBRDs totalled more in the 2020 war compared with the previous Nagorno-Karabakh conflicts. Periods of active conflict between 1988–2020 were associated with increased rates of sick newborn mortality, neonatal mortality and pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. Weekly average COVID-19 cases increased sevenfold during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. Key informants expressed concerns about the effects of stress and grief on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes and recommended investing in healthcare system reform. Participants also stressed the synergistic effects of the war and COVID-19, noting healthcare capacity concerns and the importance of a strong primary care system. ConclusionsMaternal and infant health measures showed adverse trends during the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, potentially amplified by the concurrent COVID-19 pandemic. To mitigate effects of future crises on population health in Armenia, informants recommended investments in healthcare system reform focused on primary care and health promotion.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSiy, W., Sicat, Z. M., Bautista, T. M., Formalejo, A., Gatdula, M. E., Ico, A. A., Julian, C. J., Pabion, M. C., Reyes, J. L., Santander, N. M.
BMJ Open, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
IntroductionThe abrupt transition of the mode of learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an increase in complaints of musculoskeletal (MSK) discomfort among students in Higher Education Institutions (HEI). Inadequate physical space and equipment are one major cause of these complaints. Among HEIs, physical therapy (PT) students have sufficient background in managing MSK discomforts. However, this does not prevent them from experiencing pain and discomfort during online classes. This analytical cross-sectional study aims to determine the correlation between ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among first-year to fourth-year PT students. Methods and analysisThe study will use two questionnaires, the Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire, and the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire, that determine the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort, respectively. This will be disseminated to 144 students through google forms. Results will then be analysed using Pearson Correlation Test. The study anticipates a correlation between the level of ergonomic knowledge and MSK discomfort among the participants. Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the University of Santo Tomas-College of Rehabilitation Sciences Ethics Review Committee. The participants will receive the results prior to publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Trial registration numberPhilippine Health Research Registry with registry ID PHRR230216-005443.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHongqin XuHongyan LiHailong YouPeng ZhangNan LiNan JiangYang CaoLing QinGuixiang QinHongbo QuHeyuan WangBo ZouXia HeDan LiHuazhong ZhaoGang HuangYang LiHefeng ZhangLiping ZhuHongmei QiaoHongjun LiShurong LiuLina GuGuidong YinYe HuSongbai XuWeiying GuoNanya WangChaoying LiuPujun GaoJie CaoYang ZhengKaiyu ZhangYang WangHui ChenJian ZhangDongmei MuJunqi Niua Department of Hepatology, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinab Nursing Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Infectious Diseases, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinae Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaf Department of Infectious Diseases, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinah Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinai Center of Tubercular Meningitis, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaj Department of Medical Affairs, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinak Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinal Department of Medical Affairs, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinam Nursing Department, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinan Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinao Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinap Center of Information and Statistics, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaq Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinar Department of pediatric respiratory medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinas The Fifth treatment area, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinat Department of Hepatology, Hepatobiliary Hospital of Jilin, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinau Department of cerebral surgery, Changchun Infectious Disease Hospital, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinav Department of Neurosurgery, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinaw Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinax Department of Neology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of Chinay Department of Clinical Epidemiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Jeong-Hwan HwangYeon Seok YouSang Woo YeomMin Gyu LeeJong-hwan LeeMin Gul KimJong Seung Kima Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Koreab Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Koreac Department of Medical Informatics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Koread Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Koreae Department of Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Paskorn SritipsukhoThana KhawcharoenpornBoonying SiribumrungwongPansachee DamronglerdNuntra SuwantaratAraya SatdhabudhaChanapai ChaiyakulsilPhakatip SinlapamongkolkulAuchara TangsathapornpongPornumpa BunjoungmaneeSira NanthapisalChamnan TanprasertkulNaiyana SritipsukhoChatchai MingmalairakAnucha ApisarnthanarakPichaya Tantiyavaronga Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandb Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandc Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailande Department of Internal Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandf Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandg Thammasat Postdoctoral Fellowship, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailandh Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Ruihua WangYing SunBo-Hua KuangXiao YanJinju LeiYu-Xin LinJinxiu TianYating LiXiaoduo XieTao ChenHui ZhangYi-Xin ZengJincun ZhaoLin Fenga Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease at People’s Hospital of Yangjiang, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinad Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinaf Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Feng FanXin ZhangZhiyu ZhangYuan DingLimei WangXin XuYaying PanFang-Yuan GongLin JiangLingyu KangZhuo HaHuijun LuJiawang HouZhihua KouGan ZhaoBin WangXiao-Ming Gaoa Advaccine Biopharmaceutics (Suzhou) Co. Ltd, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Biological Science and Basic Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Shenzhen Qinglan Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shenzhen, People’s Republic of Chinad Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023