Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Ingen søgeord valgt.
43 emner vises.
M. Gabriela Cabanilla, Michael L. Bernauer, Liana M. Atallah, Matthew J. Briski, Jason Koury, Cecilia M. Thompson, Chelsea N. Rodriguez, Bernadette Jakeman, Thomas F. Byrd
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.05.2024
Tilføjet 21.05.2024
by M. Gabriela Cabanilla, Michael L. Bernauer, Liana M. Atallah, Matthew J. Briski, Jason Koury, Cecilia M. Thompson, Chelsea N. Rodriguez, Bernadette Jakeman, Thomas F. Byrd Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with high mortality rates. Despite antibiotic therapy, persistent bacteremia is challenging to treat. Combination therapy with ceftaroline has emerged as a potential treatment option; however, the optimal duration and clinical implications after bacteremia clearance are unknown. Methods This retrospective cohort study examined patients with high-grade or persistent MRSA bacteremia who were treated with ceftaroline combination therapy at the University of New Mexico Hospital between January 2014 and June 2021. Patients were categorized into short- (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVictoria López-Codony, Álvaro de Andrés-Pablo, Angelica Ferrando-Díez, Maria Eulàlia Fernández-Montolí, Marta López-Querol, Sara Tous, Carlos Ortega-Expósito, Juan Carlos Torrejón-Becerra, Yolanda Pérez, Anna Ferrer-Artola, Josep Maria Sole-Sedeno, Clara Grau, Blas Rupérez, Maria Saumoy, Mónica Sánchez, Paula Peremiquel-Trillas, Laia Bruni, Laia Alemany, Francesc Xavier Bosch, Miquel Angel Pavón
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.05.2024
Tilføjet 21.05.2024
by Victoria López-Codony, Álvaro de Andrés-Pablo, Angelica Ferrando-Díez, Maria Eulàlia Fernández-Montolí, Marta López-Querol, Sara Tous, Carlos Ortega-Expósito, Juan Carlos Torrejón-Becerra, Yolanda Pérez, Anna Ferrer-Artola, Josep Maria Sole-Sedeno, Clara Grau, Blas Rupérez, Maria Saumoy, Mónica Sánchez, Paula Peremiquel-Trillas, Laia Bruni, Laia Alemany, Francesc Xavier Bosch, Miquel Angel Pavón Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prophylactic vaccination has proven effective in preventing new infections, but it does not treat existing HPV infections or associated diseases. Hence, there is still an important reservoir of HPV in adults, as vaccination programs are mainly focused on young women. The primary objective of this non-randomized, open-label trial is to evaluate if a 3-dose regimen of Gardasil-9 in HPV16/18-positive women could reduce the infective capacity of their body fluids. We aim to assess if vaccine-induced antibodies could neutralize virions present in the mucosa, thus preventing the release of infective particles and HPV transmission to sexual partners. As our main endpoint, the E1^E4-HaCaT model will be used to assess the infectivity rate of cervical, anal and oral samples, obtained from women before and after vaccination. HPV DNA positivity, virion production, seroconversion, and the presence of antibodies in the exudates, will be evaluated to attribute infectivity reduction to vaccination. Our study will recruit two different cohorts (RIFT-HPV1 and RIFT-HPV2) of non-vaccinated adult women. RIFT-HPV1 will include subjects with an HPV16/18 positive cervical test and no apparent cervical lesions or cervical lesions eligible for conservative treatment. RIFT-HPV2 will include subjects with an HPV16/18 positive anal test and no apparent anal lesions or anal lesions eligible for conservative treatment, as well as women with an HPV16/18 positive cervical test and HPV-associated vulvar lesions. Subjects complying with inclusion criteria for both cohorts will be recruited to the main cohort, RIFT-HPV1. Three doses of Gardasil-9 will be administered intramuscularly at visit 1 (0 months), visit 2 (2 months) and visit 3 (6 months). Even though prophylactic HPV vaccines would not eliminate a pre-existing infection, our results will determine if HPV vaccination could be considered as a new complementary strategy to prevent HPV-associated diseases by reducing viral spread.Trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05334706.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Abstract Background Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a public health issue mostly seen in tropical countries. Until now, there is no effective malaria vaccine against antigens specific to the blood-stage of P. falciparum infection. Because the pathogenesis of malarial disease results from blood-stage infection, it is essential to identify the most promising blood-stage vaccine candidate antigens under natural exposure to malaria infection. Methods A cohort of 400 pregnant women and their infants was implemented in South Benin. An active and passive protocol of malaria surveillance was established during pregnancy and infancy to precisely ascertain malaria infections during the follow-up. Twenty-eight antibody (Ab) responses specific to seven malaria candidate vaccine antigens were repeatedly quantified during pregnancy (3 time points) and infancy (6 time points) in order to study the Ab kinetics and their protective role. Abs were quantified by ELISA and logistic, linear and cox-proportional hazard model were performed to analyse the associations between Ab responses and protection against malaria in mothers and infants, taking into account socio-economic factors and for infants an environmental risk of exposure. Results The levels of IgM against MSP1, MSP2 and MSP3 showed an early protective response against the onset of symptomatic malaria infections starting from the 18th month of life, whereas no association was found for IgG responses during infancy. In women, some IgG responses tend to be associated with a protection against malaria risk along pregnancy and at delivery, among them IgG3 against GLURP-R0 and IgG2 against MSP1. Conclusion The main finding suggests that IgM should be considered in vaccine designs during infanthood. Investigation of the functional role played by IgM in malaria protection needs further attention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYaqi LuWangxian TangHeng ZhangJing LiuShan Zhong1Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China2Institute of Liver Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China3Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China4Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, China, De'Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Infection, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Despite the importance of abscess lesions in clinical decisions regarding anaerobic bacteremia (AB), their impact on clinical characteristics remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the clinical factors associated with AB that were unaccompanied by detectable abscess lesions during the initial phase of infection. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective observational study involving patients with culture-proven AB at six tertiary hospitals in Japan between January 2012 and March 2022. Data on clinical characteristics, laboratory and radiological findings were collected, and their associations with the absence of detectable abscess lesions were analyzed. Results In total, 393 participants were included. Abscess lesions were absent in 42.7% of the entire cohort and detectable in the remaining patients. No differences were identified in the malignancy, severity, or 30-day mortality between patients with and without detectable abscess lesions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and the modified Charlson comorbidity score revealed that the immunosuppressive status (febrile neutropenia or corticosteroid use), C-reactive protein (CRP) level ≤9.8 mg/dL at onset, and the presence of gram-positive anaerobic rods (GPARs) were independently associated with AB unaccompanied by detectable abscess lesions [odds ratios (ORs) 3.24, 3.00, and 2.81, respectively; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPunyawee DulyayankulJordan E. SealeyWinnie W. Y. LeeNaphat SatapoominCarlos RedingKate J. HeesomPhilip B. WilliamsMatthew B. Avison1School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom2Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok, Thailand3University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, Bristol, United Kingdom4University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom, Pranita D. Tamma
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Navarat PanjasawatwongAnchalee AvihingsanonCaroline MenétreyIsabela RibeiroNicolas SalvadoriAlistair SwansonJean-Yves GillonSoek-Siam TanSombat ThanprasertsukSatawat ThongsawatTim R. Cressey1Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand2The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand3Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland4AMS-PHPT Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand5Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selayang, Malaysia6Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand7Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Shan Gao, Zan Zeng, Qing Xin, Mingwei Yang, Xiangning Feng, Xinrui Liu, Wei Kan, Fangyuan Chen, Yiyu Chen, Zeliang Chen
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Mpox is caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus and Poxviridae family, which was originally isolated from monkeys and named accordingly[1]. However, the reservoir and accidental hosts of this virus have yet to be fully defined, partly due to the lack of active and long-term monitoring in the field[2]. Nonetheless, many animals have been identified in nature as playing a role in maintaining the toxicity and infectivity of MPXV. Transmission of Mpox can occur through direct contact with infected animals and humans, or contact with contaminated materials[3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHiam Chemaitelly, Naveed Akhtar, Salman Al Jerdi, Saadat Kamran, Sujatha Joseph, Deborah Morgan, Ryan Uy, Fatma B. Abid, Abdullatif Al-Khal, Roberto Bertollini, Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra, Adeel A. Butt, Laith J. Abu-Raddad
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
The most recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study has ranked stroke as the second leading cause of death and the third contributor to disability globally [1]. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced an additional complexity by adding a potential risk factor for stroke [2] and accelerating the onset of death among individuals susceptible to all-cause mortality, including stroke [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohannes MA Kusters, Ilja Obels, Fiona RM van der Klis, Audrey J King, Titia Heijman, Janneke CM Heijne, Birgit HB van Benthem, Maarten F Schim van der Loeff, PASSYON study group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI); up to 90% of people will be infected with HPV during their lifetime [1]. A small proportion of infections persists and may eventually result in anogenital warts or cancer [2]. These HPV-driven cancers include cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancer. Over 200 HPV genotypes have been identified, which can be grouped into cutaneous and mucosal types. Mucosal types are grouped into high-risk HPV (hrHPV) and low-risk HPV (lrHPV) based on their carcinogenic potential [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Abstract Background The attractive targeted sugar bait (ATSB) is a novel malaria vector control tool designed to attract and kill mosquitoes using a sugar-based bait, laced with oral toxicant. Western Province, Zambia, was one of three countries selected for a series of phase III cluster randomized controlled trials of the Westham ATSB Sarabi version 1.2. The trial sites in Kenya, Mali, and Zambia were selected to represent a range of different ecologies and malaria transmission settings across sub-Saharan Africa. This case study describes the key characteristics of the ATSB Zambia trial site to allow for interpretation of the results relative to the Kenya and Mali sites. Methods This study site characterization incorporates data from the trial baseline epidemiological and mosquito sugar feeding surveys conducted in 2021, as well as relevant literature on the study area. Results: Characterization of the trial site The trial site in Zambia was comprised of 70 trial-designed clusters in Kaoma, Nkeyema, and Luampa districts. Population settlements in the trial site were dispersed across a large geographic area with sparsely populated villages. The overall population density in the 70 study clusters was 65.7 people per square kilometre with a total site population of 122,023 people living in a geographic area that covered 1858 square kilometres. However, the study clusters were distributed over a total area of approximately 11,728 square kilometres. The region was tropical with intense and seasonal malaria transmission. An abundance of trees and other plants in the trial site were potential sources of sugar meals for malaria vectors. Fourteen Anopheles species were endemic in the site and Anopheles funestus was the dominant vector, likely accounting for around 95% of all Plasmodium falciparum malaria infections. Despite high coverage of indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets, the baseline malaria prevalence during the peak malaria transmission season was 50% among people ages six months and older. Conclusion Malaria transmission remains high in Western Province, Zambia, despite coverage with vector control tools. New strategies are needed to address the drivers of malaria transmission in this region and other malaria-endemic areas in sub-Saharan Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management. Methods Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences between C-CAP and NC-CAP patients and associations with patient demography, recruitment period, comorbidity, and treatment. Results Among 1368 patients (C-CAP: n = 344; NC-CAP: n = 1024), C-CAP showed elevated adjusted probabilities for in-hospital death (aOR 4.48 [95% CI 2.38–8.53]) and ICU treatment (aOR 8.08 [95% CI 5.31–12.52]) compared to NC-CAP. C-CAP patients were at increased risk of LOHS over seven days (aOR 1.88 [95% CI 1.47–2.42]). Although ICU patients had similar in-hospital mortality risk, C-CAP was associated with length of ICU stay over seven days (aOR 3.59 [95% CI 1.65–8.38]). Recruitment period influenced outcomes in C-CAP but not in NC-CAP. During follow-up, C-CAP was linked to a reduced risk of re-hospitalization and mortality post-discharge (aOR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27–0.70]). Conclusion Distinct clinical trajectories of C-CAP and NC-CAP underscore the need for adapted management to avoid acute and long-term morbidity and mortality amid the evolving landscape of CAP pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Infection, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Fracture-related infections (FRI) pose a difficult management problem, as they require numerous surgical interventions and extended antibiotic treatments, especially when a multidrug-resistant organism is involved, with a paucity of available literature that provides guidance. Results A 42 year-old male presents an open diaphyseal tibia and fibula fracture, complicated by soft tissue necrosis and infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-Ab). Initially treated with a damage control external fixator, the patient underwent multiple surgical procedures, including radical debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, external fixator revisions and reconstructive surgery using a latissimus dorsi free flap. The emergence of colistin resistance in the Acinetobacter baumannii strain led to the compassionate use of cefiderocol, finally achieving clinical cure. Conclusions This case report is one of the firsts that highlights the potential efficacy of cefiderocol in treating challenging bone and joint infections sustained by XDR-Ab. The successful outcome also emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in achieving favorable results in complex FRI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Abstract Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common health problems worldwide and mainly affect women. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of UTIs in pregnant women and determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted at an academic medical center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from January to June 2022. The study included all urine cultures performed for adult women during the study period. We excluded urine culture performed for women on antibiotics prescribed for any infection, children, and men. Using the SPSS (version 27) package, descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data, and p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Recently, the Biden-Harris administration proposed a 5-year program to eliminate HCV infection as a public health problem in the United States.[1] This HCV Elimination Program, housed within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and led by former US National Institutes of Health Director Francis Collins, aims to expand screening, treatment, prevention, and surveillance of HCV infection in the United States. It is rare to consider the elimination of any infectious disease, but the availability of highly effective HCV antivirals and the development of point-of-care HCV RNA tests make the national program’s aims feasible.[2]
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Abstract Background Primary antifungal prophylaxis with mold-active azoles is used to prevent invasive fungal infections in patients with high-risk hematological disorders; however, breakthrough infections occur, and the reasons for treatment failure are still not fully understood. To help inform clinical decisions, we sought to define microbiological, clinical, and pharmacological characteristics of proven and probable breakthrough invasive fungal infections (bIFIs) in patients with high-risk hematological disorders receiving voriconazole or posaconazole prophylaxis.Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search strategy was last conducted on 19 April 2023.Results We assessed 5293 studies for eligibility, and 300 were selected for data extraction. These studies described 1076 cases of bIFIs occurring under voriconazole (42.5%) or posaconazole (57.5%). The most commonly found pathogens were Aspergillus (40%), Mucorales (20%), Candida (18%), and Fusarium (9%) species. Mucorales were more frequent among voriconazole-emerging cases, whereas Aspergillus and Fusarium were more prevalent among posaconazole-emerging cases. Definitive, putative, or probable antifungal resistance was found in 31% of cases. Therapeutic drug monitoring showed subtherapeutic azole concentration in 32 of 90 (36%) cases. Infection-related mortality was reported in 117 cases and reached 35%.Conclusions In our systemic review, the most common bIFIs were aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, and fusariosis. Antifungal resistance explains only a minority of cases. Subtherapeutic prophylaxis was frequent but rarely reported. Prospective studies are needed to better understand these infections and to establish optimal management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management. Methods Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences between C-CAP and NC-CAP patients and associations with patient demography, recruitment period, comorbidity, and treatment. Results Among 1368 patients (C-CAP: n = 344; NC-CAP: n = 1024), C-CAP showed elevated adjusted probabilities for in-hospital death (aOR 4.48 [95% CI 2.38–8.53]) and ICU treatment (aOR 8.08 [95% CI 5.31–12.52]) compared to NC-CAP. C-CAP patients were at increased risk of LOHS over seven days (aOR 1.88 [95% CI 1.47–2.42]). Although ICU patients had similar in-hospital mortality risk, C-CAP was associated with length of ICU stay over seven days (aOR 3.59 [95% CI 1.65–8.38]). Recruitment period influenced outcomes in C-CAP but not in NC-CAP. During follow-up, C-CAP was linked to a reduced risk of re-hospitalization and mortality post-discharge (aOR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27–0.70]). Conclusion Distinct clinical trajectories of C-CAP and NC-CAP underscore the need for adapted management to avoid acute and long-term morbidity and mortality amid the evolving landscape of CAP pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSubhajit Chatterjee, Gabriel J. Starrett
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Seoyeon Kyung, Yejun Son, Minji Kim, Jiseung Kang, Lee Smith, Hayeon Lee, Dong Keon Yon
Journal of Medical Virology, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Abstract Background The study aims were to evaluate the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from specimens of intra-abdominal infections (IAI), urinary tract infections (UTI), respiratory tract infections (RTI), and blood stream infections (BSI) in emergency departments (EDs) in China. Methods From 2016 to 2019, 656 isolates were collected from 18 hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted according to CLSI M100 (2021) guidelines. In addition, organ-specific weighted incidence antibiograms (OSWIAs) were constructed. Results Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most common pathogens isolated from BSI, IAI and UTI, accounting for 80% of the Gram-negative clinical isolates, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was mainly isolated from RTI. E. coli showed
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Abstract Background Dengue Viral Infection (DVI) has become endemic in Pakistan since the first major outbreak in Karachi in 1996. Despite aggressive measures taken by relevant authorities, Pakistan has been dealing with a worsening dengue crisis for the past two decades. DHF is severe form of dengue infection which is linked with significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of severe dengue infections can reduce the morbidity and mortality. In this context we planned current study in which we find out the different factors related with DHF as well as clinical laboratory features of DHF and compare them to DF so that patients can be best evaluated for DHF and managed accordingly at admission. Methods Retrospective study conducted over a period of 6 years (2013–2018) in two tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan. Data were collected by using a pre-structured data collection form. Data were statistically analyzed to determine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of DVI and risk factors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Results A total 512 dengue cases (34.05 ± 15.08 years; Male 69.53%) were reviewed. Most common clinical manifestations of DVI were fever (99.60%), headache (89.1%), chills (86.5%), rigors (86.5%), myalgia (72.3%). Less common clinical manifestations were vomiting (52.5%), arthralgia (50.2%) and skin rashes (47.5%). Furthermore, nasal bleeding (44.1%), gum bleeding (32.6%), pleural effusion (13.9%) and hematuria (13.1%) were more profound clinical presentations among DHF patients. Mortality rate was 1.5% in this study. Logistic regression analysis indicated that delayed hospitalization (OR: 2.30) and diabetes mellitus (OR:2.71), shortness of breath (OR:2.21), association with risk groups i.e., living near stagnant water, travelling to endemic areas, living in endemic regions (OR:1.95), and presence of warning signs (OR:2.18) were identified as risk factors of DHF. Statistically we found that there is strong association of diabetes mellitus (DM) with DHF while the patient suffering from DM individually had higher odds (2.71) of developing DHF than patients without disease. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that the clinical and laboratory profiles of DF and DHF are significantly distinct. Significant predictors of DHF were advanced age, diabetes mellitus, ascites, pleural effusion, thick gallbladder and delayed hospitalization. The identification of these factors at early stage provides opportunities for the clinicians to identify high risk patients and to reduce dengue-related morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Abstract The study of how micro-organisms detect and respond to different stresses has a long history of producing fundamental biological insights while being simultaneously of significance in many applied microbiological fields including infection, food and drink manufacture, and industrial and environmental biotechnology. This is well illustrated by the large body of work on acid stress. Numerous different methods have been used to understand the impacts of low pH on growth and survival of micro-organisms, ranging from studies of single cells to large and heterogeneous populations, from the molecular or biophysical to the computational, and from well-understood model organisms to poorly defined and complex microbial consortia. Much is to be gained from an increased general awareness of these methods, and so the present review looks at examples of the different methods that have been used to study acid resistance, acid tolerance, and acid stress responses, and the insights they can lead to, as well as some of the problems involved in using them. We hope this will be of interest both within and well beyond the acid stress research community.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDhrumi Shah, Sriram Varahan
Trends in Microbiology, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive opportunistic pathogen that is primarily associated with various infections, including bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, surgical site infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). E. faecalis exists as a commensal organism in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of animals, including insects, birds, reptiles, and mammals. Under specific conditions, including antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and severe inflammatory diseases in the GI tract, E.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAzadeh Nasuhidehnavi, George S. Yap
Trends in Parasitology, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Polymeric guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) physically dismember the vacuole membrane formed by Toxoplasma gondii while nitric oxide (NO) poisons and inhibits parasite replication within interferon (IFN)-γ activated macrophages. Zhao et al. report a novel mechanism for synergy between these classical microbicidal and microbistatic effectors in cell-autonomous immunity to the intracellular parasites.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMuge Cevik, Lindsay C Thompson, Caryn Upton, Valéria Cavalcanti Rolla, Mookho Malahleha, Blandina Mmbaga, Nosipho Ngubane, Zamzurina Abu Bakar, Mohammed Rassool, Ebrahim Variava, Rodney Dawson, Suzanne Staples, Umesh Lalloo, Cheryl Louw, Francesca Conradie, Marika Eristavi, Anastasia Samoilova, Sergey N Skornyakov, Niyanda Elias Ntinginya, Frederick Haraka, George Praygod, Harriett Mayanja-Kizza, Janice Caoili, Vincent Balanag, Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo, Timothy McHugh, Robert Hunt, Priya Solanki, Anna Bateson, Angela M Crook, Stella Fabiane, Juliano Timm, Eugene Sun, Melvin Spigelman, Derek J Sloan, Stephen H Gillespie, SimpliciTB Consortium
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
For DS-TB, BPaMZ successfully met the primary efficacy endpoint of sputum culture conversion. The regimen did not meet the key secondary efficacy endpoint due to adverse events resulting in treatment withdrawal. Our study demonstrated the potential for treatment-shortening efficacy of the BPaMZ regimen for DS-TB and DR-TB, providing clinical validation of a murine model widely used to identify such regimens. It also highlights that novel, treatment-shortening TB treatment regimens require an acceptable toxicity and tolerability profile with minimal monitoring in low-resource and high-burden settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Oskar Werb, Kai Matuschewski, Natalie Weber, Annika Hillers, Jerry Garteh, Amadu Jusu, Brima S. Turay, Nadia Wauquier, Ananias A. Escalante, M. Andreína Pacheco, Juliane Schaer
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSeyed Hossein Karimi, Khaled Abdelaziz, Heidi Spahany, Jake Astill, David Trott, Blake Wang, Alice Wang, John Parkinson, Shayan Sharif
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
by Seyed Hossein Karimi, Khaled Abdelaziz, Heidi Spahany, Jake Astill, David Trott, Blake Wang, Alice Wang, John Parkinson, Shayan Sharif
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Yu Liang, Anzhou Ma
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
by Yu Liang, Anzhou Ma Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a prominent perfluorinated compound commonly found in the environment, known to pose various risks to human health. However, the removal of PFOS presents significant challenges, primarily due to the limited discovery of bacteria capable of effectively degrading PFOS. Moreover, single degradation bacteria often encounter obstacles in individual cultivation and the breakdown of complex pollutants. In contrast, microbial consortia have shown promise in pollutant degradation. This study employed a continuous enrichment method, combined with multiple co-metabolic substrates, to investigate a microbial consortium with the potential for PFOS degradation. By employing this methodology, we effectively identified a microbial consortium that demonstrated the capacity to reduce PFOS when exposed to an optimal concentration of methanol. The consortium predominantly comprised of Hyphomicrobium species (46.7%) along with unclassified microorganisms (53.0%). Over a duration of 20 days, the PFOS concentration exhibited a notable decrease of 56.7% in comparison to the initial level, while considering the exclusion of adsorption effects. Furthermore, by comparing the predicted metabolic pathways of the microbial consortium with the genome of a known chloromethane-degrading bacterium, Hyphomicrobium sp. MC1, using the KEGG database, we observed distinct variations in the metabolic pathways, suggesting the potential role of the unclassified microorganisms. These findings underscore the potential effectiveness of a \'top-down\' functional microbial screening approach in the degradation of stubborn pollutants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGennaro Esposito, Yamanappa Hunashal, Mathias Percipalle, Federico Fogolari, Tomas Venit, Ainars Leonchiks, Kristin C. Gunsalus, Fabio Piano, Piergiorgio Percipalle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
by Gennaro Esposito, Yamanappa Hunashal, Mathias Percipalle, Federico Fogolari, Tomas Venit, Ainars Leonchiks, Kristin C. Gunsalus, Fabio Piano, Piergiorgio Percipalle The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein Nsp9 and the nanobody 2NSP90 was investigated by NMR spectroscopy using the paramagnetic perturbation methodology PENELOP (Paramagnetic Equilibrium vs Nonequilibrium magnetization Enhancement or LOss Perturbation). The Nsp9 monomer is an essential component of the replication and transcription complex (RTC) that reproduces the viral gRNA for subsequent propagation. Therefore preventing Nsp9 recruitment in RTC would represent an efficient antiviral strategy that could be applied to different coronaviruses, given the Nsp9 relative invariance. The NMR results were consistent with a previous characterization suggesting a 4:4 Nsp9-to-nanobody stoichiometry with the occurrence of two epitope pairs on each of the Nsp9 units that establish the inter-dimer contacts of Nsp9 tetramer. The oligomerization state of Nsp9 was also analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations and both dimers and tetramers resulted plausible. A different distribution of the mapped epitopes on the tetramer surface with respect to the former 4:4 complex could also be possible, as well as different stoichiometries of the Nsp9-nanobody assemblies such as the 2:2 stoichiometry suggested by the recent crystal structure of the Nsp9 complex with 2NSP23 (PDB ID: 8dqu), a nanobody exhibiting essentially the same affinity as 2NSP90. The experimental NMR evidence, however, ruled out the occurrence in liquid state of the relevant Nsp9 conformational change observed in the same crystal structure.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSalman Khan, Arghya Das, Deepali Vashisth, Anwita Mishra, Ashima Jain Vidyarthi, Raghav Gupta, Nazneen Nahar Begam, Babita Kataria, Sushma Bhatnagar
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
by Salman Khan, Arghya Das, Deepali Vashisth, Anwita Mishra, Ashima Jain Vidyarthi, Raghav Gupta, Nazneen Nahar Begam, Babita Kataria, Sushma Bhatnagar NDM-producing carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections became a challenge for clinicians. Combination therapy of aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam is a prudent choice for these infections. However, there is still no recommendation of a practically feasible method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy. We proposed a simple method for testing aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy and compared it with reference broth micro-dilution and other methods. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales clinical isolates were screened for the presence of the NDM gene by the Carba R test. NDM harbouring isolates were tested for aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam synergy by broth microdilution (reference method), E strip-disc diffusion, double disc diffusion, and disc replacement methods. In the newly proposed method, the MHA medium was supplemented with ceftazidime-avibactam (corresponding to an aztreonam concentration of 4μg/ml). The MHA medium was then inoculated with the standard inoculum (0.5 McFarland) of the test organism. An AZT disc (30 μg) was placed on the supplemented MHA medium, and the medium was incubated overnight at 37°C. Aztreonam zone diameter on the supplemented MHA medium (in the presence of ceftazidime-avibactam) was compared with that from a standard disc diffusion plate (without ceftazidime-avibactam), performed in parallel. Interpretation of synergy was based on the restoration of aztreonam zone diameter (in the presence of ceftazidime-avibactam) crossing the CLSI susceptibility breakpoint, i.e., ≥ 21 mm. Of 37 carbapenem-resistant NDM-producing isolates, 35 (94.6%) were resistant to aztreonam and tested synergy positive by the proposed method. Its sensitivity and specificity were 97.14% and 100%, respectively. Cohen’s kappa value showed substantial agreement of the reference method with the proposed method (κ = 0.78) but no other methods. The proposed method is simple, easily interpretable, and showed excellent sensitivity, specificity, and agreement with the reference method. Therefore, the new method is feasible and reliable for testing aztreonam synergy with avibactam in NDM-producing Enterobacterales.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Bradford BeckenKhalid M. DousaJohn L. JohnsonSteven M. HollandRobert A. Bonomo1Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA2Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA3Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA4Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA5Department of Internal Medicine, CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA, Cesar A. Arias
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
L. M. MinukS. K. BrodeM. MehrabiM. K. SharmaM. StobartH. SoualhineT. K. Marras1Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3Division of Respiratory Medicine, West Park Healthcare Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada4Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada5National Reference Centre for Mycobacteriology, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada6Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada7McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Maternal priming with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been associated with reduced mortality in male offspring. We investigated this association in a cohort of healthy BCG-vaccinated neonates.Methods Observational study within a randomized controlled trial comparing different BCG strains conducted in Guinea-Bissau from 2017-2020. As part of trial inclusion procedures, on the day of discharge from the maternity ward, maternal BCG scar status was evaluated by visual inspection, followed by offspring BCG and polio vaccination. Through mortality data collected at telephone interviews at six weeks and six months of age, we assessed all-cause mortality risk in Cox Proportional Hazards models adjusted for maternal schooling and BCG strain, providing adjusted Mortality Rate Ratios (aMRRs).Results 64% (11,070/17,275) of mothers had a BCG scar, which for females and overall was not associated with neither admission risk, admission severity nor all-cause mortality. By six months of age, the mortality rate (MR) was 4.1 (200 deaths/4,919 person-years) for the maternal BCG scar cohort and 5.2 (139 deaths/2,661 person-years) for no maternal scar, aMRR=0.86 (0.69-1.06). In males, six-month MRs were 4.3 (109/2,531) for maternal BCG scar vs 6.3 (87/1,376) for no scar, the maternal scar/no scar aMRR being 0.74 (0.56-0.99). In females, six-month MRs were 3.8 (91/2,388) vs 4.0 (52(1,286), the aMRR being 1.04 (0.74-1.47), p for interaction with sex=0.16.Conclusion While we cannot rule out an association in females, being born to a mother with a BCG scar reduced the risk of death during early infancy for BCG-vaccinated males, reproducing findings from previous studies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Quantifying the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor settings is crucial for developing effective non-vaccine prevention strategies and policies. However, summary evidence on the transmission risks in settings other than households, schools, elderly care and healthcare facilities is limited. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the secondary attack rates (SARs) of SARS-CoV-2 and the factors modifying transmission risk in community indoor settings.Methods We searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 Research Database, MedrXiv, and BiorXiv from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2023. We included articles with original data for estimating SARS-CoV-2 SARs. We estimated the overall and setting-specific SARs using the inverse variance method for random-effects meta-analyses.Results We included 34 studies with data on 577 index cases, 898 secondary cases, and 9173 contacts. The pooled SAR for community indoor settings was 20.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0–32.5%). The setting-specific SARs were highest for singing events (SAR 44.9%, 95% CI 14.5–79.7%), indoor meetings and entertainment venues (31.9%, 10.4–65.3%), and fitness centers (28.9%, 9.9–60.1%). We found no difference in SARs by index case, viral, and setting-specific characteristics.Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was highest in indoor settings where singing and exercising occurred. Effective mitigation measures such as assessing and improving ventilation should be considered to reduce the risk of transmission in high-risk settings. Future studies should systematically assess and report the host, viral, and setting-specific characteristics that may modify the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in indoor environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Drug-resistant shigellosis is increasing, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM). During July–October 2022, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Shigella sonnei cluster of 9 patients was identified in Chicago, of whom 8 were MSM and 6 were festival attendees. The cluster also included 4 domestic travelers to Chicago. Sexual health care for MSM should include shigellosis diagnosis and prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMills, N., Farrar, N., Warnes, B., Ashton, K. E., Harris, R., Rogers, C. A., Lim, E., Elliott, D.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
ObjectivesRecruiting to randomised trials is often challenging particularly when the intervention arms are markedly different. The Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery 2 randomised controlled trial (RCT) compared standard chemotherapy with or without (extended) pleurectomy decortication surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Anticipating recruitment difficulties, a QuinteT Recruitment Intervention was embedded in the main trial phase to unearth and address barriers. The trial achieved recruitment to target with a 4-month COVID-19 pandemic-related extension. This paper presents the key recruitment challenges, and the strategies delivered to optimise recruitment and informed consent. DesignA multifaceted, flexible, mixed-method approach to investigate recruitment obstacles drawing on data from staff/patient interviews, audio recorded study recruitment consultations and screening logs. Key findings were translated into strategies targeting identified issues. Data collection, analysis, feedback and strategy implementation continued cyclically throughout the recruitment period. SettingSecondary thoracic cancer care. ResultsRespiratory physicians, oncologists, surgeons and nursing specialists supported the trial, but recruitment challenges were evident. The study had to fit within a framework of a thoracic cancer service considered overstretched where patients encountered multiple healthcare professionals and treatment views, all of which challenged recruitment. Clinician treatment biases, shaped in part by the wider clinical and research context alongside experience, adversely impacted several aspects of the recruitment process by restricting referrals for study consideration, impacting eligibility decisions, affecting the neutrality in which the study and treatment was presented and shaping patient treatment expectations and preferences. Individual and group recruiter feedback and training raised awareness of key equipoise issues, offered support and shared good practice to safeguard informed consent and optimise recruitment. ConclusionsWith bespoke support to overcome identified issues, recruitment to a challenging RCT of surgery versus no surgery in a thoracic cancer setting with a complex recruitment pathway and multiple health professional involvement is possible. Trial registration numberISRCTN ISRCTN44351742, Clinical Trials.gov NCT02040272.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRake, E. A., Meinders, M. J., Brand, G., Dreesens, D., Kremer, J. A. M., Elwyn, G., Aarts, J. W. M.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
ObjectivesPatients’ preferences, values and contexts are important elements of the shared decision-making (SDM) process. We captured those elements into the concept of ‘personal perspective elicitation’ (PPE), which reflects the need to elicit patients’ preferences, values and contexts in patient–clinician conversations. We defined PPE as: ‘the disclosure (either elicited by the clinician or spontaneously expressed by the patient) of information related to the patient’s personal preferences, values and/or contexts potentially relevant to decision-making’. Our goal was to operationalise the concept of PPE through the evaluation of preferences, values and contexts and explore how PPE occurs in clinical encounters. DesignCross-sectional study: observational coding based on a novel coding scheme of audio-recorded outpatient clinical encounters where encounter patient decision aids were applied. SettingWe audio-recorded patient–clinician interactions at three Dutch outpatient clinics. PPE was analysed using a novel observational coding scheme, distinguishing preferences, contexts and four Armstrong taxonomy value types (global, decisional, external and situational). We measured SDM using the Observer OPTION5. ParticipantsTwenty patients who suffered from psoriasis or ovarian cysts; four clinicians. ResultsWe included 20 audio-recordings. The mean Observer OPTION5 score was 57.5 (SD:10.1). The audio-recordings gave a rich illustration of preferences, values and contexts that were discussed in the patient–clinician interactions. Examples of identified global values: appearance, beliefs, personality traits. Decisional values were related to the process of decision-making. External values related to asking advice from for example, the clinician or significant others. An identified situational value: a new job ahead. Contexts related to how the illness impacted the life (eg, sexuality, family, sports, work life) of patients. ConclusionsThe operationalisation of PPE, an important aspect of SDM, explores which preferences, values and contexts were discussed during patient–clinician interactions where an ePDA was used. The coding scheme appeared feasible to apply but needs further refinement.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSunkersing, D., Ramasawmy, M., Alwan, N. A., Clutterbuck, D., Mu, Y., Horstmanshof, K., Banerjee, A., Heightman, M.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
ObjectiveTo investigate current care for people with Long COVID in England. DesignIn-depth, semistructured interviews with people living with Long COVID and Long COVID healthcare professionals; data analysed using thematic analysis. SettingNational Health Service England post-COVID-19 services in six clinics from November 2022 to July 2023. Participants15 healthcare professionals and 21 people living with Long COVID currently attending or discharged (18 female; 3 male). ResultsHealth professionals and people with lived experience highlighted the multifaceted nature of Long COVID, including its varied symptoms, its impact on people’s lives and the complexity involved in managing this condition. These impacts encompass physical, social, mental and environmental dimensions. People with Long COVID reported barriers in accessing primary care, as well as negative general practitioner consultations where they felt unheard or invalidated, though some positive interactions were also noted. Peer support or support systems proved highly valuable and beneficial for individuals, aiding their recovery and well-being. Post-COVID-19 services were viewed as spaces where overlooked voices found validation, offering more than medical expertise. Despite initial challenges, healthcare providers’ increasing expertise in diagnosing and treating Long COVID has helped refine care approaches for this condition. ConclusionLong COVID care in England is not uniform across all locations. Effective communication, specialised expertise and comprehensive support systems are crucial. A patient-centred approach considering the unique complexities of Long COVID, including physical, mental health, social and environmental aspects is needed. Sustained access to post-COVID-19 services is imperative, with success dependent on offering continuous rehabilitation beyond rapid recovery, acknowledging the condition’s enduring impacts and complexities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrith, M., Boyd, J., Savira, F., Senyel, D., Norman, R., Jones, J., Robinson, S.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
IntroductionTelehealth service provision and uptake has rapidly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing healthcare to be delivered safely and reducing non-essential face-to-face (F2F) contact. In Australia, the expansion of subsidisation of telehealth during COVID has led to its permanent installation within Australian primary care in 2022. However, little is known about consumer preferences and experiences with these services, particularly in relation to allied health practice (AHP). Previous studies on telehealth services have focused on general practice rather than allied health (AH) and broader primary care. Given that AH professionals make up a large proportion of the Australian healthcare workforce, the purpose of this study is to explore consumer preferences and experiences with telehealth AHP healthcare. Methods and analysisThis study uses a mixed methods research design that incorporates three independent but interrelated phases. Phase 2 of the study will use a focus group methodology to discuss consumer attitudes and experiences via a semistructured interview format. Phase 3 involves a discrete choice experiment (DCE) involving a large online survey conducted across the general population. The DCE will be informed by the qualitative findings from phases 1 and 2. The experiment aims to elicit consumer preferences in relation to AH services delivered through telehealth or F2F consultations, based on several hypothetical scenarios and preferences over several different dimensions. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from La Trobe University (approval number HEC23404). Findings will be disseminated as reports, presentations and peer-reviewed journal articles.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed