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The research team evaluated data from 8646 adults who had COVID-19 at different times during the pandemic and from 1118 persons who had not had COVID. WebMD Health News…

NEARS collects data on environmental characteristics of U.S. retail food establishments with foodborne illness outbreaks.

Factsheet on the COVID-19 pathogen, surveillance, clinical features, epidemiology, transmission, case management, and public health control measures.

Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures aim at mitigating the spread of pathogens in healthcare settings, decreasing the risk of outbreaks, and further reducing the burden on personnel and resources.

Public health authorities can take several measures to mitigate the negative effects of COVID-19 at individual and community or population level.

Most SARS-CoV-2 infections do not require hospitalisation or medical treatment and can be managed at home or in outpatient settings.

A person can become infected through the inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected individual or through direct contact with infected droplets through the eyes, mouth, or nose.

Symptoms may vary, both in frequency and severity, depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant causing the disease episode.

COVID-19 disease is caused by a virus of the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2, in the order of nidovirales.

COVID-19 -- ChinaIn 2020, Catalonia saw 340 608 COVID-19 cases, among which there were 47 174 COVID-19-related hospitalizations (14%), 4,699 ICU admissions (1.4%), and 10 001 COVID-19-related deaths (3.0%). The median hospital stay was 7 days.Overall, higher annual average exposure to particle matter and nitrogen dioxide was associated with a greater risk (hazard) of COVID-19-related events. An increase in exposure to particle matter of 3.2 µg/m3 was associated with a 25% increase in hospital admissions…

Yellow Fever -- Cote d\'IvoireA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive case of yellow fever was reported in Côte d\'Ivoire on 8 May [2023] following confirmation at the Institut Pasteur in Dakar. The patient is a 35 year old man from Cocody-Bengerville in Abidjan. His yellow fever vaccination status is unknown. The date of onset of illness is 4 Apr 2023, and the sample was collected on 6 Apr 2023.Yellow fever is an acute viral hemorrhagic fever. Symptoms of yellow fever (fever, chills, headache, backache, and muscle…

Public health authorities can take several measures to mitigate the negative effects of COVID-19 at individual and community or population level.

Most SARS-CoV-2 infections do not require hospitalisation or medical treatment and can be managed at home or in outpatient settings.

Optimal specimens for the detection of current infection with SARS-CoV-2 are collected from the upper respiratory tract.

A person can become infected through the inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected individual or through direct contact with infected droplets through the eyes, mouth, or nose.

Symptoms may vary, both in frequency and severity, depending on the SARS-CoV-2 variant causing the disease episode.

COVID-19 disease is caused by a virus of the coronavirus family, SARS-CoV-2, in the order of nidovirales.

Well-designed, representative sentinel surveillance systems in primary and secondary care remain the core surveillance method for acute viral respiratory infections.

COVID-19 is a disease under surveillance in the European Union (EU) and must be reported by all Member States.

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- SenegalIn a follow-up concerning Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Senegal, health officials report a 2nd case of the disease on [9 May 2023], this case from the Linguère district in the Louga region.The first case was confirmed on [21 Apr 2023] in a 35 year old male patient. He was a butcher residing in Fadia city, Guédiawaye district, Dakar region. The date of onset of symptoms was [10 Apr 2023] with fever and flu-like syndrome. Samples were collected on [20 Apr 2023] for suspected…

Yellow Fever -- BrazilAfter 2 years without any [human] cases of yellow fever, São Paulo health authorities reported during the weekend that 2 patients had died from the disease this year [2023], after 4 people were infected. Although both fatalities took place in the State of São Paulo, one of the victims was a resident of Minas Gerais. The state had had no cases of the disease since 2020 when one record was confirmed.From January to March [2023], the vaccination coverage for yellow fever stood at 82%. In…

Hantavirus -- PanamaThe latest report published by the Department of Epidemiology, the Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud;Minsa), released the updated cases to date of dengue, hantavirus, malaria, leishmaniasis, and chikungunya in the country.Regarding the confirmed cases of hantavirus infection to date, a total of 17 cases have been registered throughout the country, 11 of whom have hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome: 10 of these are alive and the 1 who died was registered in Herrera province. There…

-- SwitzerlandA native of the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia, the tiger mosquito typically flies and feeds in the daytime in addition to at dusk and dawn. It has the potential to transmit numerous viruses including the yellow fever virus, dengue fever, and chikungunya fever. It is also capable of hosting and spreading the Zika virus.The tiger mosquito, named after its striped appearance, has spread from its home to many countries through the transport of goods and international…

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- AfghanistanThe health department of Balkh province reported that in the past week 10 positive cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) have been recorded in north region of the country, and 2 people have died.Local Balkh officials said that incidents of this illness were rising in the country\'s north, and they urged religious leaders and the media to warn people about the dangers associated with the disease\'s spread.\'Ten positive cases of Congo have been recorded; sadly, we had 2 deaths.

Meningitis -- United StatesAuthorities in the U.S. and Mexico have asked the World Health Organization to declare a public health emergency of international concern over a deadly fungal outbreak, a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention official said Friday [26 May 2023]. The request comes after recruiters lured hundreds of patients from multiple countries and 24 U.S. states to 2 facilities in Mexico for cosmetic operations that may have exposed them to the fungus. The CDC is currently monitoring the condition…

Mpox -- Andorra / 4 / 0Argentina / 1129 / 2Aruba / 3 / 0Australia / 145 / 0Austria / 328 / 0Bahamas / 2 / 0Bahrain / 2 / 0Barbados / 1 / 0Belgium / 793 / 2Benin / 3 / 0Bermuda / 1 / 0Bolivia / 265 / 0Bosnia and Herzegovina / 9 / 0Brazil / 10 941 / 16Bulgaria / 6 / 0Cameroon / 18 / 3Canada / 1484 / 0Central African Republic / 30 / 1Chile / 1441 / 2China / 1 / 0Colombia / 4090 / 0Costa Rica / 222 / 0Croatia / 33 / 0Cuba / 8 / 1Curacao / 3 / 0Cyprus / 5 /…

African Swine Fever -- ItalyReport type: immediate notificationStarted: 20 May 2023Confirmed: 22 May 2023Reported: 24 May 2023Reason for notification: 1st occurrence in a zone or a compartmentCausal agent: African swine fever virusNature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratoryThis event pertains to a defined zone within the country.A total of 5 outbreaks (submitted) reported up to 25 May 2023. African swine fever (ASF) was detected in wild boar in a forest in Sanza, Salerno, Campania.Total animals…

Avian Influenza -- CanadaSummaryReport type: immediate notificationStarted: 4 Apr 2023Confirmed: 19 May 2023Reported: 24 May 2023Reason for notification: unusual host speciesCausal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virus [HPAI]Serotype: H5N5Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratoryThis event pertains to the whole country.Outbreak location: Queens, Prince Edward IslandStarted: 4 Apr 2023Epidemiological unit: not applicableAnimals affected:Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths /…

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- GuineaGeneral informationReport type: immediate notificationStarted: 15 Apr 2023Confirmed: 24 Apr 2023Reported: 22 May 2023Reason for notification: 1st occurrence in a zone or a compartmentManifestation of disease: clinical diseaseCausal agent: highly pathogenic avian influenza virusSerotype: H5N1Nature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratoryThis event pertains to a determined zone of the country.Outbreak location: Iles Kapatchez, Guinean Exclusive Economic ZoneStarted: 15 Apr…

Leptospirosis -- United StatesA cluster of brain infections in Oklahoma may have been caused by bacteria from rat urine contaminating the state\'s lakes, an expert suggests. Several people have fallen ill after swimming in rivers and lakes near Bartlesville city, in the east of the state, officials say. They are believed to be suffering from meningitis, or an inflammation of the lining of the brain or spinal cord caused by an infection.Testing has already ruled out the brain-eating amoeba _Naegleria fowleri_, which can…

Lyme Disease -- LatviaMore than 20% of the ticks analyzed in all Latvian laboratories have been tested positive for Lyme _Borrelia_ [bacteria] this year [2023]. _Borrelia_ can cause Lyme disease against which there are no vaccines. The other dangerous tick-borne illness -- encephalitis -- has only been found in a few ticks, Latvian Television reported on 26 May 2023.At the Latvian Infectology Center, encephalitis has not been detected at all this year [2023], but 26% of the tested ticks have shown _Borrelia_.

Poisoning -- SpainPublic health officials are investigating whether the consumption of tuna with a high level of histamine is the cause of 66 cases of food poisoning, 14 of whom were admitted to hospital, in the Almeria province of Andalucía. The condition of the 51 people who were treated for food poisoning at health centers and clinics in the Almanzora area has improved, while the 14 who went to Hospital de la Inmaculada and University Hospital of Torrecárdenas have been discharged.Although the cause of…

Legionnaires\' -- LithuaniaA total of 7 people have died since the start of the legionellosis outbreak in the city of Kaunas, Kaunas region, the National Public Health Center (NCPH) said on Friday [26 May 2023].According to data provided by the Kaunas Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, the cause of death of 4 of the deceased was another disease, and the cause of death of 3 was legionellosis. On Friday [26 May 2023], the hospital received a report of the death of a person from the age group of…

Meningitis -- United StatesHistory appears to be repeating itself. Authorities in Mexico and the United States believe a contaminated anesthetic drug is behind a meningitis outbreak at 2 private clinics in Matamoros, Mexico, located close to the country\'s border with the United States. Both clinics, which specialize in cosmetic surgery, were closed on 13 May 2023.Mexico\'s Ministry of Health has reported 23 cases: 9 involving American patients and a further 14 infections among Mexican patients. One death has been…

Avian Influenza -- ParaguaySummaryReport type: Immediate notificationStarted: 15 May 2023Confirmed: 19 May 2023Reported: 20 May 2023Reason for notification: 1st occurrence in the countryCausal agent: Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus [HPAI]Serotype: H5Nature of diagnosis: Clinical, laboratoryThis event pertains to the whole country.Outbreak location 1: Mariscal José Félix Estigarribia, Colonia Neuland, BoqueronStarted: 15 May 2023Epidemiological unit: BackyardAnimals…

Avian Influenza H5N1 -- RussiaThe event started on 11 May 2023 and was confirmed on 18 May 2023. A total of one outbreak (submitted) has been reported to date [27 May 2023]. HPAI H5N1 was confirmed in a farm in Romanovskaya, Tutaevskiy rayon (district), Yaroslavl.Total animals affected:Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Killed and disposed of / Slaughtered or killed for commercial use / VaccinatedBirds, poultry (domestic) / 892 033 / 9910 / 9910 / 1298 / 0 / 0[The location of the outbreaks can be seen on…

Salmonella -- United StatesOn 30 Mar 2021, during weekly analysis of sequenced isolates, the Tennessee Department of Health identified 2 _Salmonella [enterica_ serotype] Duisburg isolates that had been determined to be closely related by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The specimens containing the isolates were from 2 patients who reported eating the same brand of cashew brie (a vegan brie cheese alternative) at the same restaurant. A search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pathogen Detection…

Salmonella -- United StatesLaboratory testing has shown that dozens of people have salmonellosis linked to 2 Mexican restaurants in Boston. There are now 45 confirmed patients, up from 33 earlier this week, according to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Patients report eating at Los Amigos Mexican Grill taquerias in Brighton Center and West Roxbury. Of the 45 confirmed patients, 29 are from Boston. Additional illnesses have been reported but have not yet been confirmed with lab tests.The 2 restaurants…

Rabies -- SpainReport type: immediate notification (final)Started: 13 May 2023Confirmed: 19 May 2023Ended: 19 May 2023Reported: 25 May 2023Reason for notification: recurrence of a listed diseaseLast occurrence: 14 Nov 2022Causal agent: rabies virusSerotype: RABVNature of diagnosis: clinical, laboratoryThis event pertains to a defined zone within the country.Outbreak location: MelillaStarted: 13 May 2023Ended: 19 May 2023Epidemiological unit: otherAffected animals:Species /…

Leishmaniasis -- BrazilIntroduction: Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis of great importance to public health due to its epidemiological diversity, with emphasis on the possibility of aggravation by coinfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Objective: The aim was to study the epidemiological characteristics of VL cases associated with HIV coinfection in Pará. Methods. Reported cases of VL from January 2006 to December 2016 were investigated. A descriptive epidemiological method related…

Other Human Disease -- IndiaAround 20 people were admitted to various hospitals in Raichur, Karnataka after they drank contaminated water over the last 2 days. A 5-year-old boy is suspected to have died after consuming contaminated water, though a confirmation on the same is awaited.The incident took place in Rekala Maradi village in Devadurga taluk. [H], son of [E], was identified as the deceased. The boy died during treatment at a government hospital in Siwar.Over 20 people fell sick over the last 2 days after…

Botulism -- Belarus1. Hughes JM, Hatheway CL, Ostroff SM. Botulism. In: Infections of the Central Nervous System. Scheld WM, Whitley RJ, Durack DT, eds., 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997, 615-28.- Mod.LLProMED map:Brest Region, Belarus: ][See Also:2022----Botulism - Ukraine (03): (KK) dried fish http://promedmail.org/post/20221002.8705918Botulism - Ukraine (02) http://promedmail.org/post/20220619.8703951Botulism - Kyrgyzstan http://promedmail.org/post/20220605.8703692Botulism -…

Botulism -- VietnamAbstract--------\'Efficient penetration of cell membranes and specific targeting of a cell type represent major challenges for developing therapeutics toward intracellular targets. One example facing these hurdles is to develop post-exposure treatment for botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), a group of bacterial toxins (BoNT/A to BoNT/G) that are major potential bioterrorism agents. BoNTs enter motor neurons, block neurotransmitter release, and cause a paralytic disease botulism. Members of BoNTs…

Norovirus -- United StatesAn outbreak of norovirus stemming from a North County restaurant has sickened close to 100 people, according to the San Luis Obispo (SLO) County Public Health Department. SLO County Public Health Epidemiologist Jessie Burmester said 97 people have been reported sick as part of a confirmed norovirus outbreak earlier in May 2023.Burmester said the Public Health Department traced the \'unusual, very large community outbreak\' back to a North County restaurant, though she did not disclose the…

Hepatitis A -- United StatesOnce again, cases of hepatitis A in San Diego County are on the rise with 28 reported to date and 18 among people experiencing homelessness. The county usually reports about 2 virus cases monthly. While no single outbreak location has been identified, and no specific food or water source found, cases are being reported above baseline.The county is doing its part to take steps to prevent more spread of the disease. The current increase in cases is likely due to person-to-person transmission…

Legionnaires\' -- Although the bacterium is commonly found in the environment, only a few people who come into contact with the bacteria become infected. People who are at greater risk include those who: are older (usually over 65 years of age); smoke; drink excess alcohol; have chronic lung disease; have a weakened immune system; or have other underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, cancer, or kidney failure.Symptoms and transmission-------------------------Legionnaires\' disease often presents…

West Nile Virus -- IsraelHealth authorities announce that mosquitos carrying West Nile virus have been found near the southern city of Yeruham and surrounding Ramat Negev Regional Council, the 1st time this year [2023] the disease has been detected in Israel.The Environmental Protection Ministry says mosquitos infected with the virus were found in Nahal Revivim, near Lake Yeruham, and outside the educational centers of Nitzana and Midreshet Ben Gurion.It calls on the public in those areas to ensure there are…

Polio -- Afghanistan has reported the 3rd case of the poliovirus of 2023 as the health authorities detected it in Nangarhar province.A new polio case from the Nazyan district of Nangarhar province has also been reported, affecting a 30-month-old male child. With this, there have been 3 confirmed polio cases in the nation so far this year [2023], all of which are from the province of Nangarhar. The ministry reported that the province is facing a high risk of poliovirus due to the lab also reporting…

Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever -- United StatesOver the past period, 8 cases of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever have been recorded in Georgia, mainly in the regions of Samtskhe-Javakheti and Shida Kartli, director of the Tbilisi Infectious Diseases Hospital Tengiz Tsertsvadze writes on the social network.According to Tsertsvadze, 6 patients have already been discharged, and 2 are continuing treatment. According to him, reservoirs of infection are numerous domestic and wild animals, which are parasitized by ticks.Recently, 8 cases…

Meningitis -- CDC is collaborating with the Mexican Ministry of Health and U.S. state and local health departments to respond to an outbreak of suspected fungal meningitis among patients who had surgical procedures under epidural anesthesia in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Officials have identified two clinics associated with the outbreak, River Side Surgical Center and Clinica K-3. These clinics were closed on [13 May 2023].The Mexican Ministry of Health sent CDC a list of 221 U.S. patients who might…