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Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV activity in EU/EEA Member States continue to decrease or remain stable at low levels. Cases, including severe infections, can still occur and it therefore remains essential to continue testing patients presenting with severe acute respiratory symptoms in order to guide treatment and inform epidemiological assessments.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 28 April - 4 May 2024 and includes updates on cholera, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in cattle and a related human case, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 28 April - 4 May 2024 and includes updates on cholera, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) in cattle and a related human case, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever.

Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV activity in EU/EEA Member States continue to decrease or remain stable at low levels. Cases, including severe infections, can still occur and it therefore remains essential to continue testing patients presenting with severe acute respiratory symptoms in order to guide treatment and inform epidemiological assessments.

A severe outbreak of influenza A(H1N1pdm09) infection in seven children (median age: 52 months) occurred between December 2023 and January 2024 in Tuscany, Italy. Clinical presentation ranged from milder encephalopathy to acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) with coma and multiorgan failure; one child died. This report raises awareness for clinicians to identify and treat early acute encephalopathy caused by H1N1 influenza and serves as a reminder of severe presentations of influenza in young children and the importance of vaccination. …

Fugleinfluenzavirus fundet hos køer i USA har skabt opmærksomhed. Den danske myndighedsgruppe for Koordinering af Zoonoser (KOZO) følger situationen tæt.

Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV activity in EU/EEA Member States continue to decrease or remain stable at low levels.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 7 - 13 April 2024 and includes updates on measles, avian influenza, COVID-19, Mpox, seasonal influenza, RSV, cholera and shigellosis.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 7 - 13 April 2024 and includes updates on measles, avian influenza, COVID-19, Mpox, seasonal influenza, RSV, cholera and shigellosis.

Since the end of November 2023, the European Mortality Monitoring Network (EuroMOMO) has observed excess mortality in Europe. During weeks 48 2023–6 2024, preliminary results show a substantially increased rate of 95.3 (95% CI:  91.7–98.9) excess all-cause deaths per 100,000 person-years for all ages. This excess mortality is seen in adults aged 45 years and older, and coincides with widespread presence of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed in many European countries during the 2023/24 winter season. …

The U.S. CDC on Friday issued a health alert to inform clinicians, state health departments and the public of a case of avian influenza in a person who had contact with... Reuters Health Information…

Influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV activity in EU/EEA Member States continue to decrease or remain stable at low levels.

The risk for widespread infection for humans from avian influenza remains low in Europe, but health authorities have urged enhanced vigilance and biosecurity measures. Medscape Medical News…

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 March - 6 April 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2, cholera, avian influenza A(H5N1), swine influenza A(H1N2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 March - 6 April 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2, cholera, avian influenza A(H5N1), swine influenza A(H1N2) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV).

Flere amerikanske malkekvægsbesætninger er testet positive for fugleinfluenzavirus, det er usædvanligt at køer smittes med denne form for virus. Dansk Veterinær Konsortium (DK-VET) følger udviklingen nøje.

BackgroundScarce European data in early 2021 suggested lower vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineages than previous variants. AimWe aimed to estimate primary series (PS) and first booster VE against symptomatic BA.1/BA.2 infection and investigate potential biases. MethodsThis European test-negative multicentre study tested primary care patients with acute respiratory symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 in the BA.1/BA.2-dominant period. We estimated PS and booster VE among adults and adolescents (PS only) for all products combined and for Comirnaty alone, by time since vaccination, age and chronic condition. We investigated potential bias due to correlation between COVID-19 and influenza vaccination and explored effect modification and confounding by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. ResultsAmong adults, PS VE was 37% (95% CI: 24–47%) overall and 60% (95% CI: 44–72%), 43% (95% CI: 26–55%) and 29% (95% CI: 13–43%) 

Reminders sent via text message or patient portal did not increase rates of influenza vaccination. Medscape Medical News…

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 24-30 March 2024 and includes updates on cholera and influenza A(H5N1).

Hospitalization for influenza raises the risk for future neurologic conditions more than hospitalization for COVID-19, the results of a large study showed. Medscape Medical News…

This Reporting Protocol describes data collection for influenza, COVID-19, and other respiratory viruses (such as RSV or new viruses of public health concern) in the EU/EEA and wider WHO European Region. Data collection is integrated for most datasets in line with the operational considerations for respiratory virus surveillance in Europe.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 10-16 March 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, avian influenza, measles, cholera, and overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EE.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 10-16 March 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, avian influenza, measles, cholera, and overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EE.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 25 February - 2 March 2024, and includes updates on on cholera, avian influenza, SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 25 February - 2 March 2024, and includes updates on on cholera, avian influenza, SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

New research showed that children born in October may have lower rates of influenza diagnosis. Medscape Medical News…

BackgroundVaccination adherence among healthcare workers (HCWs) is fundamental for the prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in healthcare. This safeguards HCWs\' well-being, prevents transmission of infections to vulnerable patients and contributes to public health. AimThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe interventions meant to increase HCWs’ adherence to vaccination and estimate the effectiveness of these interventions. MethodsWe searched literature in eight databases and performed manual searches in relevant journals and the reference lists of retrieved articles. The study population included any HCW with potential occupational exposure to VPDs. We included experimental and quasi-experimental studies presenting interventions aimed at increasing HCWs’ adherence to vaccination against VPDs. The post-intervention vaccination adherence rate was set as the main outcome. We included the effect of interventions in the random-effects and subgroup meta-analyses. ResultsThe systematic review considered 48 studies on influenza and Tdap vaccination from database and manual searches, and 43 were meta-analysed. A statistically significant, positive effect was seen in multi-component interventions in randomised controlled trials (relative risk (RR) = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.13–1.66) and in observational studies (RR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.29–1.58). Vaccination adherence rate was higher in community care facilities (RR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.49–1.68) than in hospitals (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.76-2.05). ConclusionInterventions aimed at increasing HCWs’ adherence to vaccination against VPDs are effective, especially multi-component ones. Future research should determine the most effective framework of interventions for each setting, using appropriate study design for their evaluation, and should compare intervention components to understand their contribution to the effectiveness. …

This report describes estimated vaccine effectiveness for laboratory-confirmed flu in California.

This report describes estimates of 2023-24 influenza vaccine effectiveness among different age groups.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 18-24 February 2024 and includes updates on influenza, poliomyelitis, SARS-CoV-2, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 18-24 February 2024 and includes updates on influenza, poliomyelitis, SARS-CoV-2, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

The vaccines, Celldemic and Incellipan, protect against the H5N1 subtype of the influenza A virus. Medscape Medical News…

BackgroundWaning immunity from seasonal influenza vaccination can cause suboptimal protection during peak influenza activity. However, vaccine effectiveness studies assessing waning immunity using vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals are subject to biases. AimWe examined the association between time since vaccination and laboratory-confirmed influenza to assess the change in influenza vaccine protection over time. MethodsUsing linked laboratory and health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we identified community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 6 months who received an influenza vaccine before being tested for influenza by RT-PCR during the 2010/11 to 2018/19 influenza seasons. We estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for laboratory-confirmed influenza by time since vaccination (categorised into intervals) and for every 28 days. ResultsThere were 53,065 individuals who were vaccinated before testing for influenza, with 10,264 (19%) influenza-positive cases. The odds of influenza increased from 1.05 (95% CI: 0.91–1.22) at 42–69 days after vaccination and peaked at 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04–1.55) at 126–153 days when compared with the reference interval (14–41 days). This corresponded to 1.09-times increased odds of influenza every 28 days (aOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15). Individuals aged 18–64 years showed the greatest decline in protection against influenza A(H1N1) (aORper 28 days = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.97–1.64), whereas for individuals aged ≥ 65 years, it was against influenza A(H3N2) (aORper 28 days = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33). We did not observe evidence of waning vaccine protection for individuals aged 

Influenza A viruses circulated in Europe from September 2023 to January 2024, with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 predominance. We provide interim 2023/24 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) estimates from two European studies, covering 10 countries across primary care (EU-PC) and hospital (EU-H) settings. Interim IVE was higher against A(H1N1)pdm09 than A(H3N2): EU-PC influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 IVE was 53% (95% CI: 41 to 63) and 30% (95% CI: −3 to 54) against influenza A(H3N2). For EU-H, these were 44% (95% CI: 30 to 55) and 14% (95% CI: −32 to 43), respectively. …

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 11-17 February 2024, and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, diphtheria, chikungunya, dengue, influenza A(H5N1), a human case of co-infection with seasonal influenza A(H3N2) and avian influenza A(H10N5), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 11-17 February 2024, and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, diphtheria, chikungunya, dengue, influenza A(H5N1), a human case of co-infection with seasonal influenza A(H3N2) and avian influenza A(H10N5), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

The Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network reports mid-season 2023/24 influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 63% (95% CI: 51–72) against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, lower for clade 5a.2a.1 (56%; 95% CI: 33–71) than clade 5a.2a (67%; 95% CI: 48–80), and lowest against influenza A(H3N2) (40%; 95% CI: 5–61). The Omicron XBB.1.5 vaccine protected comparably well, with VE of 47% (95% CI: 21–65) against medically attended COVID-19, higher among people reporting a prior confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at 67% (95% CI: 28–85). …

AURORAE provides laboratory support for surveillance, preparedness and response to COVID-19 and influenza and strengthens the capacity for genomic epidemiology and public health bioinformatics through interdisciplinary training, which is crucial for response during a pandemic or unexpected major public health events.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 4-10 February 2024 and includes updates on avian influenza, measles, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, swine influenza, respiratory virus epidemiology, Western equine encephalitis, Hepatitis E, and the Chinese New Year.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 4-10 February 2024 and includes updates on avian influenza, measles, MERS-CoV, COVID-19, swine influenza, respiratory virus epidemiology, Western equine encephalitis, Hepatitis E, and the Chinese New Year.

This core protocol for ECDC studies of VE against hospitalisation with SARI laboratory-confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 or with influenza, version 3.0, represents an update to the main elements for a multi-country hospital-based study of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in patients hospitalised with SARI, initially published as version 1.0 [5], updated to version 2.0 [6].

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 December 2023-6 January 2024 and includes updates on Avian influenza A(H5N6 and H9N2), SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Western Equine Encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 31 December 2023-6 January 2024 and includes updates on Avian influenza A(H5N6 and H9N2), SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, Western Equine Encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 28 January - 3 February 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, swine influenza, human cases of co-infection with seasonal influenza and avian influenza, influenza, western equine encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 28 January - 3 February 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, swine influenza, human cases of co-infection with seasonal influenza and avian influenza, influenza, western equine encephalitis, and an overview of respiratory virus epidemiology in the EU/EEA.

Amid the current winter wave surge of respiratory virus cases, how challenging is it for physician\'s to distinguish between, diagnose, and treat COVID-19 vs RSV and influenza? Medscape Medical News…

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 21-27 January 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2, influenza, cholera, chikungunya, dengue and zika.

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) the period 21-27 January 2024 and includes updates on SARS-CoV-2, influenza, cholera, chikungunya, dengue and zika.

BackgroundInfluenza was almost absent for 2 years following the implementation of strict public health measures to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The consequence of this on infections in different age groups is not yet known. AimTo describe the age groups infected with the influenza virus in 2021/22, the first post-pandemic influenza season in Denmark, compared with the previous six seasons, and subtypes circulating therein. MethodsInfection and hospitalisation incidences per season and age group were estimated from data in Danish registries. Influenza virus subtypes and lineages were available from samples sent to the National Influenza Centre at Statens Serum Institut. ResultsTest incidence followed a similar pattern in all seasons, being highest in 0–1-year-olds and individuals over 75 years, and lowest in 7–14-year-olds and young people 15 years to late twenties. When the influenza A virus subtypes A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 co-circulated in seasons 2015/16 and 2017/18 to 2019/20, the proportion of A(H1N1)pdm09 was higher in 0–1-year-olds and lower in the over 85-year-olds  compared with the overall proportion of A(H1N1)pdm09 in these seasons. The proportion of A(H3N2) was higher in the over 85 years age group compared with the overall proportion of A(H3N2). The 2016/17 and 2021/22 seasons were dominated by A(H3N2) but differed in age-specific trends, with the over 85 years age group initiating the 2016/17 season, while the 2021/22 season was initiated by the 15–25-year-olds, followed by 7–14-year-olds. ConclusionThe 2021/22 influenza season had a different age distribution compared with pre-COVID-19 pandemic seasons. …

This issue of the ECDC Communicable Disease Threats Report (CDTR) covers the period 14-20 January 2024 and includes updates on avian influenza, SARS-CoV-2 variant classification, an overview of respiratory viruses in the EU/EEA, mpox, measles, and Infant formula for medical purposes recalled due to possible contamination with Cronobacter sakazakii.