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BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen that is typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route. The most common clinical manifestation of a Y. enterocolitica infection is self-limited gastroenteritis. Although various extraintestinal manifestations of Y. enterocolitica infection have been reported, there are no reports of thyroid abscesses. Case presentation An 89-year-old Japanese man with follicular adenoma of the left thyroid gland was admitted to our hospital with a 2-day history of fever and left neck pain. Laboratory tests revealed low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and elevated levels of free thyroxine 4. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed low-attenuation areas with peripheral enhancement in the left thyroid gland. He was diagnosed with thyroid abscess and thyrotoxicosis, and treatment with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam was initiated after collecting blood, drainage fluid, and stool samples. The isolated Gram-negative rod bacteria from blood and drainage fluid cultures was confirmed to be Y. enterocolitica. He was diagnosed with thyroid abscess and thyrotoxicosis due to be Y. enterocolitica subsp. palearctica. The piperacillin-tazobactam was replaced with levofloxacin. Conclusion We report a novel case of a thyroid abscess associated with thyrotoxicosis caused by Y. enterocolitica subsp. palearctica in a patient with a follicular thyroid adenoma.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Post-surgical spinal infections (pSSIs) are a serious complication of spinal surgeries, with Staphylococcus spp. being one of the most prominent bacteria identified. Optimal antimicrobial therapy for staphylococcal spinal infections without spinal implants is not well documented. Methods This single center retrospective 7-year observational study described and compared the outcome (treatment failure or mortality rate one year after diagnosis) of 20 patients with staphylococcal-implant-free pSSI treated with single or combination antibiotics. Results Median duration of treatment was 40 days (IQR 38–42), with 6 days (IQR 5–7) on intravenous antibiotics and 34 days (IQR 30–36) on oral therapy. Four patients (20%) underwent new surgical debridement, all due to surgical failure, and 1 patient died within the first year without significant differences between both treatment group. Conclusion This study raises the possibility of single antibiotic therapy for patients with implant-free post-surgical spinal infections due to Staphylococcus spp.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background and aim Two oral antivirals (Nirmatrelvir- ritonavir and Azvudine) are widely used in China practice during the Omicron wave of the pandemic. However, little evidence regarding the real-world effectiveness of these two oral antivirals in in-hospital patients. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus azvudine among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study used data from three Chinese PLA General Hospital medical centres. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with azvudine or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir from Dec 10, 2022, to February 20, 2023, and did not require invasive ventilation support on admission were eligible for inclusion. Results After exclusions and propensity-score matching, the final analysis included 486 azvudine recipients and 486 nirmatrelvir-ritonavir recipients. By 28 days of initiation of the antivirus treatment, the crude incidence rate of all-cause death was similar in both types of antivirus treatment (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group 2.8 events 1000 person-days [95% CI, 2.1–3.6] vs azvudine group 3.4 events/1000 person-days [95% CI, 2.6–4.3], P = 0.38). Landmark analysis showed that all-cause death was lower in the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (3.5%) group than the azvudine (6.8%, P = 0.029) within the initial 10-day admission period, while no significant difference was observed for results between 10 and 28 days follow-up. There was no significant difference between the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group and the azvudine group in cumulative incidence of the composite disease progression event (8.6% with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir vs. 10.1% with azvudine, HR, 1.22; 95% CI 0.80–1.86, P = 0.43). Conclusion Among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in Beijing, similar in-hospital clinical outcomes on 28 days were observed between patients receiving nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and azvudine. However, it is worth noticing that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir appears to hold an advantage over azvudine in reducing early mortality. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the efficacy of those two antivirus medications especially in early treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Predictive models for vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are instrumental to understanding the potential geographic spread of VBDs and therefore serve as useful tools for public health decision-making. However, predicting the emergence of VBDs at the micro-, local, and regional levels presents challenges, as the importance of risk factors can vary spatially and temporally depending on climatic factors and vector and host abundance and preferences. We propose an expert-systems-based approach that uses an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) deployed within a geographic information system (GIS), to predict areas susceptible to the risk of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) emergence. This modelling approach produces risk maps, identifying micro-level risk areas with the potential for disease emergence. The results revealed that climatic conditions, especially the minimum temperature and precipitation required for JEV transmission, contributed to high-risk conditions developed during January and March of 2022 in Victora. Compared to historical climate records, the risk of JEV emergence was increased in most parts of the state due to climate. Importantly, the model accurately predicted 7 out of the 8 local government areas that reported JEV-positive cases during the outbreak of 2022 in Victorian piggeries. This underscores the model’s potential as a reliable tool for supporting local risk assessments in the face of evolving climate change.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Up to 20% of COVID-19 patients can suffer COVID-19-related myocardial injury. Elevated cardiac biomarkers, such as hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP, have been related to worse short-term prognosis. However, data on NT-proBNP and long-term prognosis are scarce. We have evaluated the potential association of baseline age-adjusted NT-proBNP levels and outcomes at one-year follow-up in COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a single-center prospective study of 499 COVID-19 patients in whom NT-proBNP was assessed at hospital admission. NT-proBNP levels were age-adjusted and patients were classified as high or low NT-proBNP. Clinical and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and in-hospital complications and mortality were compared between the two groups. Survivors of the acute phase of COVID-19 were followed up for one year from admission to detect readmissions and mortality. Results The 68 patients with high NT-proBNP levels at hospital admission were older, with more cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, comorbidities, myocardial injury, and higher levels of inflammatory markers than patients with low NT-proBNP levels. They also had more in-hospital complications and a higher acute-phase mortality rate (60.3% vs. 10.2%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Nosocomial infections caused by Serratia marcescens mostly occurred in pediatrics and it was very rarely reported after adult surgery. Here, an intracranial abscess caused by Serratia marcescens was reported. Case summary We report a rare case of a postoperative intracranial abscess caused by Serratia marcescens in a 63-year-old male patient with a left parietal mass. The patient underwent resection of the mass on June 1, 2022, and the postoperative pathology revealed an angiomatous meningioma, WHO I. He then experienced recurrent worsening of right limb movements, and repeated cranial CT scans showed oozing blood and obvious low-density shadows around the operation area. Delayed wound healing was considered. Subsequently, a large amount of pus was extracted from the wound. The etiological test showed that Serratia marcescens infection occurred before the removal of the artificial titanium mesh. Antibiotics were initiated based on the results of drug susceptibility tests. At present, the patient is recovering well and is still closely monitored during follow-up. Conclusion It is rare for Serratia marcescens to cause brain abscesses without any obvious signs of infection. This report provided in detail our experience of a warning postoperative asymptomatic brain abscess caused by an uncommon pathogen.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSong WangRan WeiXiaomei MaJin GuoMuhammad AizazFangxu LiJun WangHongmei WangHongbin Hea Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinab Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Chinac Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Rui DingJinhan YuWeixin KeLijun DuGuixue ChengSiqi HuYingchun XuYali Liua Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinab Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, Chinac Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinad State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chinae Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Chinaf Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, Chinag Faculty of Pediatrics, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Eva ZanditenasSerge AnkriDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Min WuCuilian SunQin ShiYalu LuoZiyu WangJianxiang WangYun QinWeihang CuiChufeng YanHuangyi DaiZhiyang WangJia ZengYamei ZhouManhui ZhuXiaojuan Liua Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, Chinab Department of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, Chinac Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Chinad Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, Chinae Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, Chinaf Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
V Douglas LandersMilton ThomasCierra M. IsomDeepa KarkiKevin J. Sokoloskia Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USAb Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Wei YangChen ZhangLi-Bo LiuZhan-Zhan BianJia-Tong ChangDong-Ying FanNa GaoPei-Gang WangJing AnDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Yaqin PengYue LiuXuegao YuJingchun FangZhaowang GuoKang LiaoPeisong ChenPenghao Guoa Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Nansha Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Linjin FanYulong WangHongxin HuangZequn WangChudan LiangXiaofeng YangPengfei YeJingyan LinWendi ShiYuandong ZhouHuijun YanZhenyu LongZhongyi WangLinna LiuJun Qiana Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Julien Favresse, Constant Gillot, Mélanie Closset, Julien Cabo, Loris Wauthier, Clara David, Marc Elsen, Jean‐Michel Dogné, Jonathan Douxfils
Journal of Medical Virology, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Chang‐Yong Choi, Kundlik Gadhave, Jason Villano, Andrew Pekosz, Xiaobo Mao, Hongpeng Jia
Journal of Medical Virology, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Joan Martínez-Campreciós, Milagros Moreno, Fernando Salvador, Ester Del Barrio-Tofiño, Arlete Nindia, Maria Luisa Aznar, Israel Molina
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Anthrax is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Many animals are susceptible, although grazing herbivores are the most commonly affected and the usual source of infection for humans. Herbivores often become infected by B. anthracis spores from the soil while grazing, and then return the spores to the soil when they die. The spores can last in the soil for decades and depending mainly on climatic conditions and soil composition. [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background Misconceptions and myths are still the bottlenecks for the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of misconception about HIV transmission among reproductive age groups using the most recently available Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveydata. Methods A cross-sectional study design was done using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data set. The data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors of misconception about HIV/AIDS transmission. A p-value of
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to compare the epidemiological patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and duration of hospitalization during the fourth, fifth and sixth epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran. Methods A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients in four hospitals in the Babol district of northern Iran. The study periods were during the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves of the epidemic in Iran, (March 2021 to March 2022). A total of 13,312 patients with suspected COVID-19 were included. Patient demographics, medical history, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were obtained from the hospital information system. Data on the cycle threshold (Ct) and SARS-CoV2 variant were collected for SARS-CoV2-positive cases. Results The highest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the fifth (Delta) wave (5231; 39.3%), while the lowest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the sixth (Omicron) wave (2143; 16.1%). In total, 6459 (48.5%) out of 13,312 hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19 had a positive rRT-PCR result. The fifth (Delta) wave had the highest number of SARS-CoV2 rRT-PCR-positive hospitalized patients (3573, 55.3%), while the sixth (Omicron) wave had the lowest number (835, 12.9%). Moreover, 238 (3.7%) patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 died. The hospital mortality rate was 6.8% in the fourth (Alpha) wave, which reduced to 2.7 and 3.5% in the fifth (Delta) and sixth (Omicron) waves, respectively (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background After infection with SARS-CoV-2 a relevant proportion of patients complains about persisting symptoms, a condition termed Post-COVID-19-syndrome (PC19S). So far, possible treatments are under investigation. Among others, neurotropic vitamins and anti-inflammatory substances are potential options. Thus, the PreVitaCOV trial aims to assess feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of treating patients in primary care with prednisolone and/or vitamin B1, B6 and B12. Methods The phase IIIb, multi-centre randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled PreVitaCOV trial has a factorial design and is planned as a two-phase approach. The pilot phase assessed feasibility and safety and was transformed into a confirmatory phase to evaluate effectiveness since feasibility was proven. Adult patients with PC19S after a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 12 weeks ago are randomly assigned to 4 parallel treatments: prednisolone 20 mg for five days followed by 5 mg for 23 days (trial drug 1), B vitamins (B1 (100 mg OD), B6 (50 mg OD), and B12 (500 µg OD)) for 28 days (trial drug 2), trial drugs 1 and 2, or placebo. The primary outcome of the pilot phase was defined as the retention rate of the first 100 patients. Values of ≥ 85% were considered as confirmation of feasibility, this criterion was even surpassed by a retention rate of 98%. After transformation, the confirmatory phase proceeds by enrolling 240 additional patients. The primary outcome for the study is the change of symptom severity from baseline to day 28 as assessed by a tailored Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) total score referring to five symptom domains known to be typical for PC19S (fatigue, dyspnoea, cognition, anxiety, depression). The confirmatory trial is considered positive if superiority of any treatment is demonstrated over placebo operationalised by an improvement of at least 3 points on the PROMIS total score (t-score). Discussion The PreVitaCOV trial may contribute to the understanding of therapeutic approaches in PC19S in a primary care context. Trial registration EudraCT: 2022-001041-20. DRKS: DRKS00029617. ClinicalTrials.gov: F001AM02222_1 (registered: 05 Dec 2022).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLander De Coninck, Jelle Matthijnssens
Trends in Parasitology, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs), and mosquito viromes in general, have been a hot topic in research for the past few years. The general belief is that MSVs could have an influence on the vector competence of mosquitoes and thereby reduce the burden of disease of arboviruses. This idea is strengthened by studies that have shown an influence of MSVs on arbovirus infection in mosquitoes [1–3], and additionally by the recent success of release programs involving Aedes aegypti infected with the endobacterium Wolbachia, which result in a reduction of dengue cases up to 97% [4,5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenrieke Prins, Liza Coyer, Stefania De Angelis, Benjamin Bluemel, Daniel Cauchi, Agoritsa Baka
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Huaqing Zhong, Ran Jia, Menghua Xu, Pengcheng Liu, Liyun Su, Lingfeng Cao, Xunhua Zhu, Lijuan Lu, Jin Xu
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Hsiu‐Ming Lee, Po‐Cheng Shih, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Ruikun Du, Jazmin G. Achi, Qinghua Cui, Lijun Rong
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Hui‐Yi Lin, Xiaodan Zhu, Harun Or Rashid Mazumder, Martin Ronis, Kim Brint Pedersen, Michael Hagensee
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Jing Li, Kuo Zhang, Guigao Lin, Jinming Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Yih‐Ping Su, Selena Y. Lin, Ih‐Jen Su, Yu‐Lan Kao, Shih‐Chun Shen, Joshua P. Earl, Garth D. Ehrlich, Cheng‐Yi Chen, Wenya Huang, Ying‐Hsiu Su, Hung‐Wen Tsai
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Jindrich Cinatl, Marco Bechtel, Philipp Reus, Melanie Ott, Florian Rothweiler, Martin Michaelis, Sandra Ciesek, Denisa Bojkova
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Luoyao Yang, Zhen Lu, Junye Bian, Feng Li, Huachun Zou
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Nicolas Capelli, Léa Domitien Payet, Carmen Alcocer Cordellat, Amandine Pisoni, Ilka Engelmann, Philippe Van de Perre, Eric Jeziorski, Edouard Tuaillon
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Chunhui Li, Guoguo Ye, Yinghan Jiang, Zhiming Wang, Haiyang Yu, Minghui Yang
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
International Journal for Parasitology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Hong Zou, Fei Liu, Chuan-Yu Xiang, Qunzong Gusang, Sonam Tso, Shenggui Xue, Wen-Jin Zhu, Zhenxin Li, Jihua Wu, Gui-Tang Wang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 5 January 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Hong Zou, Fei Liu, Chuan-Yu Xiang, Qunzong Gusang, Sonam Tso, Shenggui Xue, Wen-Jin Zhu, Zhenxin Li, Jihua Wu, Gui-Tang Wang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShayo, F., Sawe, H. R., Hyuha, G. M., Moshi, B., Gulamhussein, M. A., Mussa, R., Mdundo, W., Rwegoshora, S., Mfinanga, J. A., Kilindimo, S., Weber, E. J.
BMJ Open, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
ObjectiveChildren with seizures require immediate and appropriate intervention in the emergency department (ED). This study describes the clinical profile and outcome of paediatric patients with seizures at the ED in a country with limited resources. DesignA prospective, observational cohort study of paediatric patients with seizure presenting to an ED conducted over a six-month period from 1 August 2019 to 31 January2020. SettingThe study was conducted at the ED of Muhimbili National Hospital, a level 1 trauma centre located in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. ParticipantsPaediatric patients aged 1 month to 14 years presenting at the ED with acute seizure, defined as any seizure occurring from 24 hours to 7 days prior to the visit, were included in this study. Patients were consecutively enrolled during times a research assistant was present in the department. Newborns, children with repeat visits or no signs of life on arrival were excluded. OutcomeThe primary outcome was the proportion of paediatric patients presenting with seizures and their mortality rate; secondary outcome was risk factors for mortality. ResultDuring the study period, 1011 children were seen in the department, of whom 114 (11.3%) (95% CI 9.3% to 13.3%) presented with seizures. Median age was 24 months (IQR 9–60), 78.1% were under 5 years and 55.3% were males. The majority 76 (66.7%) of the patients presented with generalised seizures. Half 58 (50.9%) of patients presented with fever. Meningitis was the most common aetiology, diagnosed in 30 (26.3%). Overall mortality was 16.7% (95% CI 10.3% to 24.8%). Using negative log binominal analysis, fever (relative risk, RR 2.7), altered mental status (RR 21.1), hypoxia (RR 3.3), abnormal potassium (RR 2.4) and clinical diagnosis of meningitis (RR 3.4) were statistically significantly associated with mortality. ConclusionsFindings from this study revealed higher incidence of paediatric patients with seizures than that reported in high-income countries and other low-income and middle-income countries. The acuity of illness was high, with 16.7% mortality rate. The presence of fever, altered mental status, hypoxia, abnormal potassium levels and meningitis diagnosis were associated with higher risk of mortality. Further research is needed to develop interventions to improve outcomes in paediatric patients with seizures in our setting.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenson, R. M., Purtle, J., Headen, I., Stankov, I., Langellier, B. A.
BMJ Open, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
IntroductionPublic policymakers are increasingly engaged in participatory model building processes, such as group model building. Understanding the impacts of policymaker participation in these processes on policymakers is important given that their decisions often have significant influence on the dynamics of complex systems that affect health. Little is known about the extent to which the impacts of participatory model building on public policymakers have been evaluated or the methods and measures used to evaluate these impacts. Methods and analysisA scoping review protocol was developed with the objectives of: (1) scoping studies that have evaluated the impacts of facilitated participatory model building processes on public policymakers who participated in these processes; and (2) describing methods and measures used to evaluate impacts and the main findings of these evaluations. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s Population, Concept, Context framework was used to formulate the article identification process. Seven electronic databases—MEDLINE (Ovid), ProQuest Health and Medical, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), CINAHL Complete and PsycInfo—will be searched. Identified articles will be screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist for scoping reviews will be used and reported. A data extraction tool will collect information across three domains: study characteristics, methods and measures, and findings. The review will be conducted using Covidence, a systematic review data management platform. Ethics and disseminationThe scoping review produced will generate an overview of how public policymaker engagement in participatory model building processes has been evaluated. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and to communities of practice that convene policymakers in participatory model building processes. This review will not require ethics approval because it is not human subject research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKirk, C., Mathers, J., Pearce, M., Thompson, N. P., Jones, D.
BMJ Open, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
BackgroundHome parenteral nutrition (HPN) refers to the intravenous administration of macronutrients, micronutrients and fluid. The aims of treatment are to increase survival and improve quality of life (QoL). However, patients struggle with physiological symptoms, time-consuming invasive therapy and an increased occurrence of depression and social isolation. Our aim is to understand how HPN impacts the QoL of patients, and the contribution played by the complications of treatment, for example, liver disease. Methods and analysisA multicentre, longitudinal, observational study will be conducted using routinely collected clinical data. Participants will also be asked to complete three QoL questionnaires (EuroQol-5 Dimensions, Short Form 36 and HPN-QoL) at baseline and 12 months. The primary outcome is mean change in QoL scores over 12 months. Secondary outcomes include how factors including liver function, gut microbiota, number of infusions of PN per week, nutritional composition of PN and nutritional status impact on QoL scores. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from HRA and Health and Care Research Wales Research Ethics Committee (21/SC/0316). The study was eligible for portfolio adoption, Central Portfolio Management System ID 50506. Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed scientific journals and presented at national and international meetings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010–2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000–2023. Case presentation A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran’s hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp. Conclusions Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Sarcophagidae is one of the main fly families that is attracted to open wounds, ulcers, lesions, and other injuries for depositing their larvae. The presence of larvae of flies in human tissues makes myiasis. Myiasis on the scalp could be more frightening in comparison with myiasis on the other parts of the body. It is a rare myiasis case that shows the ability of myiasis agents to attack various parts of the body. On the other hand, reporting of myiasis cases by Sarcophagidae larvae is not common due to difficulties in their identification. This study aimed to emphasize the importance of Sarcohagidae larvae in producing myiasis by describing the first case of soft tissue sarcoma infestation and provides a review of human myiasis by larvae of the Sarcophagidae family during 2010–2023 and also a review of wound myiasis cases associated with malignancy during 2000–2023. Case presentation A case of sarcoma cancer myiasis is reported on the scalp of a 43-year-old man who referred to one of Tehran’s hospitals for surgical treatment of cancer. Before surgery, insect larvae were observed in the area of sarcoma. The larvae were isolated, examined morphologically, and identified as Sarcophaga spp. Conclusions Myiasis has been considered as a neglected disease. Publishing of myiasis cases could be useful to alert health policy-makers about its danger and appearance in the community. It is not usual but can be expected even on the scalp of the human head. Exact daily supervision and dressing of the wound could be recommended to prevent cutaneous myiasis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable populations residing in slum areas which is characterized by overcrowding, poverty, and limited access to healthcare services, create an environment conducive to the transmission and spread of HIV. Despite the recognition of this issue, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the prevalence of HIV in slums. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize the existing global evidence on HIV prevalence in slum populations. Methods A rigorous systematic literature review was conducted by searching multiple electronic databases, including Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), covering the period from January 1, 1990, to March 31, 2023. The quality and risk of bias for each included study were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The pooled prevalence with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model with the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. The degree of heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I2 test. Publication bias was also assessed using Egger\'s test. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to explore potential factors contributing to the observed heterogeneity. Results A systematic examination of the relevant literature resulted in the inclusion of a total of 22 studies for the purpose of this meta-analysis. These studies collectively assessed a sizable cohort consisting of 52,802 participants. Utilizing a random-effects model, an estimation of the overall prevalence of HIV in the slum area was determined to be 10% (95% CI: 7–13%). Further delineation through subgroup analysis based on the gender revealed a higher prevalence of HIV among women, standing at 13% (95% CI: 8–19%, 18 studies: I2 = 98%), as opposed to men, where the prevalence was found to be 8% (95% CI: 6–12%, 16 studies: I2 = 95%). A geographical breakdown of the included studies revealed that Africa exhibited the highest prevalence, with a figure of 11% (95% CI: 9–13%, 18 studies: I2 = 98%). Subsequently, studies conducted in the American continent reported a prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 7–11%, 2 studies: I2 = 57%). The Asian continent, on the other hand, displayed the lowest prevalence of 1% (95% CI: 0–3%, 2 studies: I2 = 94%). Notably, studies employing rapid tests indicated a prevalence of 13% (95% CI: 9–17%, 6 studies: I2 = 94%), while those relying on self-reported data reported a lower prevalence of 8% (95% CI: 5–11%, 6 studies: I2 = 99%). Moreover, studies utilizing ELISA reported a prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 6–12%, 10 studies: I2 = 96%). Finally, it was determined that studies conducted in upper-middle-income countries reported a higher prevalence of 20% (95% CI: 16–24%, 5 studies: I2 = 45%), whereas studies conducted in lower- and middle-income countries reported a prevalence of 8% (95% CI: 6–10%, 12 studies: I2 = 98%). Conclusion The current study elucidates the troublingly high prevalence of HIV infection within slums area. Also, this finding underscores the urgent necessity for targeted and tailored interventions specifically aimed at curtailing the spread of HIV within slums. Policymakers must take cognizance of these results and devote their efforts towards the implementation of effective strategies to mitigate gender disparities, address poverty alleviation, and empower the inhabitants of these marginalized areas.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health burden, particularly affecting vulnerable populations residing in slum areas which is characterized by overcrowding, poverty, and limited access to healthcare services, create an environment conducive to the transmission and spread of HIV. Despite the recognition of this issue, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the prevalence of HIV in slums. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize the existing global evidence on HIV prevalence in slum populations. Methods A rigorous systematic literature review was conducted by searching multiple electronic databases, including Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Sciences, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), covering the period from January 1, 1990, to March 31, 2023. The quality and risk of bias for each included study were assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The pooled prevalence with its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated using a random-effects model with the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. The degree of heterogeneity among the studies was evaluated using the I2 test. Publication bias was also assessed using Egger\'s test. Additionally, subgroup analysis was performed to explore potential factors contributing to the observed heterogeneity. Results A systematic examination of the relevant literature resulted in the inclusion of a total of 22 studies for the purpose of this meta-analysis. These studies collectively assessed a sizable cohort consisting of 52,802 participants. Utilizing a random-effects model, an estimation of the overall prevalence of HIV in the slum area was determined to be 10% (95% CI: 7–13%). Further delineation through subgroup analysis based on the gender revealed a higher prevalence of HIV among women, standing at 13% (95% CI: 8–19%, 18 studies: I2 = 98%), as opposed to men, where the prevalence was found to be 8% (95% CI: 6–12%, 16 studies: I2 = 95%). A geographical breakdown of the included studies revealed that Africa exhibited the highest prevalence, with a figure of 11% (95% CI: 9–13%, 18 studies: I2 = 98%). Subsequently, studies conducted in the American continent reported a prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 7–11%, 2 studies: I2 = 57%). The Asian continent, on the other hand, displayed the lowest prevalence of 1% (95% CI: 0–3%, 2 studies: I2 = 94%). Notably, studies employing rapid tests indicated a prevalence of 13% (95% CI: 9–17%, 6 studies: I2 = 94%), while those relying on self-reported data reported a lower prevalence of 8% (95% CI: 5–11%, 6 studies: I2 = 99%). Moreover, studies utilizing ELISA reported a prevalence of 9% (95% CI: 6–12%, 10 studies: I2 = 96%). Finally, it was determined that studies conducted in upper-middle-income countries reported a higher prevalence of 20% (95% CI: 16–24%, 5 studies: I2 = 45%), whereas studies conducted in lower- and middle-income countries reported a prevalence of 8% (95% CI: 6–10%, 12 studies: I2 = 98%). Conclusion The current study elucidates the troublingly high prevalence of HIV infection within slums area. Also, this finding underscores the urgent necessity for targeted and tailored interventions specifically aimed at curtailing the spread of HIV within slums. Policymakers must take cognizance of these results and devote their efforts towards the implementation of effective strategies to mitigate gender disparities, address poverty alleviation, and empower the inhabitants of these marginalized areas.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Understanding the burden of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV on dolutegravir (DTG) based anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is critical to provide clinical guidance and risk reduction strategies in our setting. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on adult people living with HIV on DTG based ART between July and August 2022 at Mengo Hospital, a private not for profit missionary hospital owned by the Church of Uganda. Dyslipidemia was defined as: Total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/l, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Understanding the burden of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among adult people living with HIV on dolutegravir (DTG) based anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is critical to provide clinical guidance and risk reduction strategies in our setting. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on adult people living with HIV on DTG based ART between July and August 2022 at Mengo Hospital, a private not for profit missionary hospital owned by the Church of Uganda. Dyslipidemia was defined as: Total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/l, or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Linezolid exhibits antibacterial activity against sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Knowledge on the distribution of linezolid in different types of bones in patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB) is lacking, which limits the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of linezolid. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of linezolid in diseased and nondiseased bones in patients with spinal TB. Methods Spinal TB patients treated with linezolid-containing regimens and whose diseased and nondiseased bones were collected during surgery were enrolled retrospectively from January 2017 to February 2022. Blood, nondiseased bones, and diseased bones were collected simultaneously during the operation. Linezolid concentrations in the plasma, nondiseased bones, and diseased bones were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Seven eligible spinal TB patients, including one rifampicin-resistant case, were enrolled. Following a 600 mg oral administration of linezolid before surgery, the median concentrations of linezolid in plasma, nondiseased bone, and diseased bone of the seven patients were 8.23, 1.01, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The mean ratios of linezolid concentration in nondiseased bones/plasma, diseased bones/plasma and diseased bones/nondiseased bones reached 0.26, 0.49, and 2.27, respectively. The diseased bones/plasma presented a higher mean ratio of linezolid concentration than nondiseased bones/plasma, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.55, p = 0.025). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed the positively correlation of linezolid concentrations in diseased and nondiseased bones (r = 0.810, p = 0.027). Conclusions Linezolid exhibits a higher concentration distribution in diseased bones than in nondiseased bones.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024
Abstract Background Linezolid exhibits antibacterial activity against sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Knowledge on the distribution of linezolid in different types of bones in patients with spinal tuberculosis (TB) is lacking, which limits the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of linezolid. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution of linezolid in diseased and nondiseased bones in patients with spinal TB. Methods Spinal TB patients treated with linezolid-containing regimens and whose diseased and nondiseased bones were collected during surgery were enrolled retrospectively from January 2017 to February 2022. Blood, nondiseased bones, and diseased bones were collected simultaneously during the operation. Linezolid concentrations in the plasma, nondiseased bones, and diseased bones were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Results Seven eligible spinal TB patients, including one rifampicin-resistant case, were enrolled. Following a 600 mg oral administration of linezolid before surgery, the median concentrations of linezolid in plasma, nondiseased bone, and diseased bone of the seven patients were 8.23, 1.01, and 2.13 mg/L, respectively. The mean ratios of linezolid concentration in nondiseased bones/plasma, diseased bones/plasma and diseased bones/nondiseased bones reached 0.26, 0.49, and 2.27, respectively. The diseased bones/plasma presented a higher mean ratio of linezolid concentration than nondiseased bones/plasma, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 2.55, p = 0.025). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed the positively correlation of linezolid concentrations in diseased and nondiseased bones (r = 0.810, p = 0.027). Conclusions Linezolid exhibits a higher concentration distribution in diseased bones than in nondiseased bones.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGeoffrey Michael GaddMarina FominaFlavia Pinzari1Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom2State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Beijing Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Pollution Control, College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China3Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine4National Reserve “Sophia of Kyiv”, Kyiv, Ukraine5Institute for Biological Systems (ISB), Council of National Research of Italy (CNR), Monterotondo (RM), Italy6Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, Mark D. Rose
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 6.01.2024
Tilføjet 6.01.2024