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1
Response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients receiving B-cell modulating antibodies for renal autoimmune disease
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients receiving treatment with B-cell depleting agents is challenging. Information on vaccination responses in these patients are a valuable tool to develop efficient vaccination regimens.
Methods
In this single-center retrospective observational study, we report the humoral and cellular response in 34 patients receiving anti-CD20 antibody treatment for renal immune disease.
Results
After base immunization with SARS-CoV-2-vaccines, 92.0% developed a cellular, 32.4% a humoral response. Humoral immunity correlated with B-cell counts and the timespan between anti-CD20 antibody treatment and vaccination. All patients with > 21/µl B-cells, or > 197 days after treatment showed humoral response.
Conclusions
Adequate timing of SARS-CoV-2-vaccinations after anti-CD20 antibody treatment and CD19 measurements are crucial to generate immunity. Awaiting partial B-cell recovery by postponing regularly scheduled anti-CD20 treatment should be considered in patients with stable immune disease.
Trial registration: This study has been retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00027049) on 29/10/2021.
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2
Clinical clustering with prognostic implications in Japanese COVID-19 patients: report from Japan COVID-19 Task Force, a nation-wide consortium to investigate COVID-19 host genetics
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Abstract
Background
The clinical course of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is diverse, and the usefulness of phenotyping in predicting the severity or prognosis of the disease has been demonstrated overseas. This study aimed to investigate clinically meaningful phenotypes in Japanese COVID-19 patients using cluster analysis.
Methods
From April 2020 to May 2021, data from inpatients aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with COVID-19 and who agreed to participate in the study were collected. A total of 1322 Japanese patients were included. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using variables reported to be associated with COVID-19 severity or prognosis, namely, age, sex, obesity, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, malignancy, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hyperuricemia, cardiovascular disease, chronic liver disease, and chronic kidney disease.
Results
Participants were divided into four clusters: Cluster 1, young healthy (n = 266, 20.1%); Cluster 2, middle-aged (n = 245, 18.5%); Cluster 3, middle-aged obese (n = 435, 32.9%); and Cluster 4, elderly (n = 376, 28.4%). In Clusters 3 and 4, sore throat, dysosmia, and dysgeusia tended to be less frequent, while shortness of breath was more frequent. Serum lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, KL-6, d-dimer, and C-reactive protein levels tended to be higher in Clusters 3 and 4. Although Cluster 3 had a similar age as Cluster 2, it tended to have poorer outcomes. Both Clusters 3 and 4 tended to exhibit higher rates of oxygen supplementation, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilation, but the mortality rate tended to be lower in Cluster 3.
Conclusions
We have successfully performed the first phenotyping of COVID-19 patients in Japan, which is clinically useful in predicting important outcomes, despite the simplicity of the cluster analysis method that does not use complex variables.
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3
Analysis of metabolites of fungal balls in the paranasal sinuses
BMC Infectious Diseases, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Abstract
Fungal ball sinusitis is characterized by complex fungus infections with non-invasive inflammation. But no research reported fungal ball composition and metabolic-related product types currently. 12 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis who underwent surgery and 9 healthy control were enrolled in this study. Samples from both groups were analyzed for high-throughput metabolites by UPLC-MS. OsiriX software was applied to perform imaging measurements on sinus CT. 2138 and 394 metabolites were screened from cationic and anionic modes. There was a significant difference in the abundance of glycerophospholipid metabolism and sphingolipid metabolism between the two groups, with the experimental group showing an increased trend related to the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, including sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and related products, diacylglycerol, sphingomyelin (SM), suggesting that its metabolites are associated with mucosal and bony inflammation. Imaging measurements showed a median sinus CT value (median (P25, P75) of 351(261.4, 385.8) HU and a median sinus wall thickness (median (P25, P75) of 2.31(1.695, 3.718) mm, which correlated with the levels of glycerophospholipid metabolites and sphingolipid metabolites (P < 0.03). Dysfunctional glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism is present in the lesion of fungal ball sinusitis. Glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism plays a significant role in the progression of mucosal and osteitis produced by fungal ball sinusitis.
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4
False positive serology of prepandemic chagasic samples with SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen
Juan Diego H. Zuluaga,
Juan C. Santos‐Barbosa,
Adriana Cuellar,
Concepción J. Puerta,
John M. Gonzalez
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
5
Call for Consensus in the Evaluation of Circulating Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chagas Disease
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 495-499
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6
Why Climate Action Is Global Health Action
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 500-503
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7
Loa loa in the Vitreous Cavity of the Eye: A Case Report and State of Art
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 504-516
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8
Epidemiology of Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile Infection in Southeast Asia
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 517-526
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9
Access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Services and Other Preventive Measures against COVID-19 among People with Disabilities, Dodoma, Tanzania
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 527-533
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10
Prognostic Value of Serum Cholinesterase Activity in Severe SARS-CoV-2–Infected Patients Requiring Intensive Care Unit Admission
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 534-539
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11
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of COVID-19 Vaccination among Adults in Singapore: A Cross-Sectional Study
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 540-550
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12
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices toward COVID-19 and Vaccines among Chinese Small-Town Residents: A Cross-sectional Study
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 551-556
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13
Case Report: Dystonic Storm Following Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 557-559
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14
Seroprevalence of Zika Virus among Forest Fringe Communities in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah: General Population-Based Study
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 560-568
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15
The Association of Gestational Diabetes with HIV Infection and Tuberculosis in Indian Women
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 569-572
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16
Case Report: Pharyngeal Diphtheria in a Pregnant Woman from South India
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 573-575
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17
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Brucella Infections in Jordan
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 576-580
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18
Case Report: Disseminated Burkholderia pseudomallei with Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis and Abscess Formation
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 581-584
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19
Clinical Utility of Combined Whole-cell Antigen and Recombinant Hemolysis Co-regulated Protein 1-Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays Reveals Underdiagnosed Cases of Melioidosis in Vietnam
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 585-591
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20
Case Report: Multiple Scalp Abscesses due to Mycobacterium abscessus Infection Following Triamcinolone Injection in an Immunocompetent Person
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 592-594
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21
Case Report: Tuberculosis Autoregression after Minimal Treatment and Review of the Literature
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 595-599
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22
Talaromyces marneffei Influences Macrophage Polarization and Sterilization Ability via the Arginine Metabolism Pathway in Vitro
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 600-609
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23
Evaluation of Adherence of Health-Care Workers to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Guidelines in the Context of the Free Care Program in Burkina Faso
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 107Issue: 3Pages: 610-616
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24
Temporal trends in molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in human blood and profiles of corresponding resistant markers in mosquito oocysts in Asembo, western Kenya
Malaria Journal, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Over the last two decades, the scale-up of vector control and changes in the first-line anti-malarial, from chloroquine (CQ) to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) and then to artemether-lumefantrine (AL), have resulted in significant decreases in malaria burden in western Kenya. This study evaluated the long-term effects of control interventions on molecular markers of Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance using parasites obtained from humans and mosquitoes at discrete time points.
Methods
Dried blood spot samples collected in 2012 and 2017 community surveys in Asembo, Kenya were genotyped by Sanger sequencing for markers associated with resistance to SP (Pfdhfr, Pfdhps), CQ, AQ, lumefantrine (Pfcrt, Pfmdr1) and artemisinin (Pfk13). Temporal trends in the prevalence of these markers, including data from 2012 to 2017 as well as published data from 1996, 2001, 2007 from same area, were analysed. The same markers from mosquito oocysts collected in 2012 were compared with results from human blood samples.
Results
The prevalence of SP dhfr/dhps quintuple mutant haplotype C50I51R59N108I164/S436G437E540A581A613 increased from 19.7% in 1996 to 86.0% in 2012, while an increase in the sextuple mutant haplotype C50I51R59N108I164/H436G437E540A581A613 containing Pfdhps-436H was found from 10.5% in 2012 to 34.6% in 2017. Resistant Pfcrt-76 T declined from 94.6% in 2007 to 18.3% in 2012 and 0.9% in 2017. Mutant Pfmdr1-86Y decreased across years from 74.8% in 1996 to zero in 2017, mutant Pfmdr1-184F and wild Pfmdr1-D1246 increased from 17.9% to 58.9% in 2007 to 55.9% and 90.1% in 2017, respectively. Pfmdr1 haplotype N86F184S1034N1042D1246 increased from 11.0% in 2007 to 49.6% in 2017. No resistant mutations in Pfk13 were found. Prevalence of Pfdhps-436H was lower while prevalence of Pfcrt-76 T was higher in mosquitoes than in human blood samples.
Conclusion
This study showed an increased prevalence of dhfr/dhps resistant markers over 20 years with the emergence of Pfdhps-436H mutant a decade ago in Asembo. The reversal of Pfcrt from CQ-resistant to CQ-sensitive genotype occurred following 19 years of CQ withdrawal. No Pfk13 markers associated with artemisinin resistance were detected, but the increased haplotype of Pfmdr1 N86F184S1034N1042D1246 was observed. The differences in prevalence of Pfdhps-436H and Pfcrt-76 T SNPs between two hosts and the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of drug resistant parasites require further investigation.
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25
Streamlining sporozoite isolation from mosquitoes by leveraging the dynamics of migration to the salivary glands
Malaria Journal, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Abstract
Background
Sporozoites isolated from the salivary glands of Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes are a prerequisite for several basic and pre-clinical applications. Although salivary glands are pooled to maximize sporozoite recovery, insufficient yields pose logistical and analytical hurdles; thus, predicting yields prior to isolation would be valuable. Preceding oocyst densities in the midgut is an obvious candidate. However, it is unclear whether current understanding of its relationship with sporozoite densities can be used to maximize yields, or whether it can capture the potential density-dependence in rates of sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands.
Methods
This study presents a retrospective analysis of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes infected with two strains of the rodent-specific Plasmodium berghei. Mean oocyst densities were estimated in the midguts earlier in the infection (11–15 days post-blood meal), with sporozoites pooled from the salivary glands later in the infection (17–29 days). Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to determine if (1) mean oocyst densities can predict sporozoite yields from pooled salivary glands, (2) whether these densities can capture differences in rates of sporozoite invasion of salivary glands, and (3), if the interaction between oocyst densities and time could be leveraged to boost overall yields.
Results
The non-linear effect of mean oocyst densities confirmed the role of density-dependent constraints in limiting yields beyond certain oocyst densities. Irrespective of oocyst densities however, the continued invasion of salivary glands by the sporozoites boosted recoveries over time (17–29 days post-blood meal) for either parasite strain.
Conclusions
Sporozoite invasion of the salivary glands over time can be leveraged to maximize yields for P. berghei. In general, however, invasion of the salivary glands over time is a critical fitness determinant for all Plasmodium species (extrinsic incubation period, EIP). Thus, delaying sporozoite collection could, in principle, substantially reduce dissection effort for any parasite within the genus, with the results also alluding to the potential for changes in sporozoites densities over time to modify infectivity for the next host.
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26
Is monkeypox a new, emerging sexually transmitted disease? A rapid review of the literature
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Jude Dzevela Kong, Jianhong Wu
Journal of Medical Virology, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
27
Pan‐coronavirus fusion inhibitors to combat COVID‐19 and other emerging coronavirus infectious diseases
Qiaoshuai Lan, Lijue Wang, Fanke Jiao, Lu Lu, Shuai Xia, Shibo Jiang
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
28
Cover Image, Volume 94, Number 11, November 2022
Yi Yang,
Rongtao Zhao,
Yule Wang,
Dan Song,
Bo Jiang,
Xudong Guo,
Wanying Liu,
Feng Long,
Hongbin Song,
Rongzhang Hao
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
29
DETECTION OF SARS‐COV‐2 RNA AND ANTIBODIES IN BREAST MILK OF INFECTED MOTHERS
Marianna Calabretto, Rossella D'Alisa, Sara Faraone, Laura Mazzuti, Francesco Pecorini, Ombretta Turriziani
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
30
Bioinformatics Analysis of the s2m Mutations within the SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron Lineages
Caleb J. Frye, Morgan Shine, Joseph A. Makowski, Adam H. Kensinger, Caylee L. Cunningham, Ella J. Milback, Jeffrey D. Evanseck, Patrick E. Lackey, Mihaela Rita Mihailescu
Journal of Medical Virology, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
31
Time to redefine a primary vaccination series?
Mine Durusu Tanriover, Murat Akova
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
In the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is getting harder to define what a full-dose COVID-19 vaccination series is, especially in the era of emerging variants such as omicron (B.1.1.529). The definition might differ depending on the dominant variant in circulation, the availability of vaccines, the risk factors of vaccine recipients, and the availability of surveillance and COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness data. Inequitable vaccine availability adds to the problem as on one hand, in many high-income countries, a fourth dose of an mRNA vaccine is offered and gives well tolerated boosting of cellular and humoral immunity,1 and on the other hand, only 19·7% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine.
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32
Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a booster regimen of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine against COVID-19 (ENSEMBLE2): results of a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Karin Hardt, An Vandebosch, Jerald Sadoff, Mathieu Le Gars, Carla Truyers, David Lowson, Ilse Van Dromme, Johan Vingerhoets, Tobias Kamphuis, Gert Scheper, Javier Ruiz-Guiñazú, Saul N Faust, Christoph D Spinner, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Johan Van Hoof, Macaya Douoguih, Frank Struyf, ENSEMBLE2 study group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
A homologous Ad26.COV2.S booster administered 2 months after primary single-dose vaccination in adults had an acceptable safety profile and was efficacious against moderate to severe–critical COVID-19. Studies assessing efficacy against newer variants and with longer follow-up are needed.
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33
Bulevirtide and tenofovir combination therapy for hepatitis D virus infection: longer treatment and more diverse trial populations are needed
Takanori Ito, Mindie H Nguyen
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus requiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) to complete its lifecycle.1 HDV viruses have been classified into eight genotypes on the basis of their genome diversity, with specific geographical distribution. HDV genotype 1 (HDV-1) is distributed throughout Europe, the Middle East, the Americas, and north Africa, whereas HDV genotypes 2–8 occur regionally (eg, HDV-2 in Japan, Taiwan, and Russia; HDV-3 in South America; HDV-4 in Japan and Taiwan; and HDV-5 to HDV-8 in Africa).
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34
Safety and efficacy of bulevirtide in combination with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in patients with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis D virus coinfection (MYR202): a multicentre, randomised, parallel-group, open-label, phase 2 trial
Heiner Wedemeyer, Katrin Schöneweis, Pavel Bogomolov, Antje Blank, Natalia Voronkova, Tatiana Stepanova, Olga Sagalova, Vladimir Chulanov, Marina Osipenko, Viacheslav Morozov, Natalia Geyvandova, Snezhana Sleptsova, Igor G Bakulin, Ilsiyar Khaertynova, Marina Rusanova, Anita Pathil, Uta Merle, Birgit Bremer, Lena Allweiss, Florian A Lempp, Kerstin Port, Mathias Haag, Matthias Schwab, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Markus Cornberg, Walter E Haefeli, Maura Dandri, Alexander Alexandrov, Stephan Urban
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 14.09.2022
Tilføjet 14.09.2022
Bulevirtide induced a significant decline in hepatitis D virus RNA over 24 weeks. After cessation of bulevirtide, hepatitis D virus RNA concentrations rebounded. Longer treatment durations and combination therapies should be investigated.
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35
SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised individuals
Immunity, 26.10.2022
Tilføjet 13.09.2022
Publication date: Available online 13 September 2022Source: ImmunityAuthor(s): Susan DeWolf, Justin C. Laracy, Miguel-Angel Perales, Mini Kamboj, Marcel R.M. van den Brink, Santosha Vardhana
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36
Hereditary symbiont transmission in plants
Grant Otto
Nat Rev Microbiol, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 13.09.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 13 September 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00801-1This study of a plant–bacteria symbiosis model reveals the mechanisms of vertical transmission of symbiotic bacteria in plants.
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37
Fitness cost of antifungal resistance
Grant Otto
Nat Rev Microbiol, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 13.09.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 13 September 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00800-2This study comprehensively assesses the fitness cost of mutations conferring resistance to an antifungal drug, revealing a steep resistance–function trade-off.
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38
Bacterial sweet tooth weakens immunity
Andrea Du Toit
Nat Rev Microbiol, 13.09.2022
Tilføjet 13.09.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 13 September 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00798-7This study reports that dietary sugar induces changes in the intestinal microbiota that disrupt immune-mediated protection from metabolic syndrome in mice.
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