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BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.09.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Abstract
Background
In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) face a high risk of HIV infection. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common in this population and leads to various adverse consequences, including risky sexual behaviors, substance abuse, and poor mental health, which pose huge challenges to HIV prevention and control.
Methods
An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the lifetime prevalence of IPV and prevalence of risky sexual behaviors during the previous 6 months in a convenience sample of 578 MSM from 15 cities covering seven geographical divisions in mainland China. The associations between IPV and risky sexual behaviors and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on these associations were explored through univariate and multivariate regression analyses.
Results
The prevalence rates of IPV perpetration and victimization were 32.5% and 32.7%, respectively. The proportions of participants who reported inconsistent condom use with regular or casual partners and multiple regular or casual sexual partners were 25.8%, 8.3%, 22.2%, and 37.4%, respectively. Multiple IPV experiences were positively associated with risky sexual behaviors; for example, any IPV victimization was positively associated with multiple regular partners, adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02,2.32], and multiple casual partners, ORa = 1.93, 95% CI [1.33, 2.80]. Any IPV perpetration was positively associated with inconsistent condom use with regular partners, ORa = 1.58, 95% CI [1.04, 2.40], and multiple casual partners, ORa = 2.11, 95% CI [1.45, 3.06]. Self-efficacy was identified as a significant moderator of the association between multiple casual sexual partnership and emotional IPV.
Conclusions
In conclusion, given the high prevalence of both IPV and risky sexual behaviors among Chinese MSM in this study, the inclusion of self-efficacy in interventions targeting IPV and risky sexual behaviors should be considered.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Abstract
Background
Primary care and frontline healthcare providers are often the first point of contact for patients experiencing tick-borne disease (TBD) but face challenges when recognizing and diagnosing these diseases. The specific aim of this study was to gain a qualitative understanding of frontline and primary care providers’ knowledge and practices for identifying TBDs in patients.
Methods
From fall 2018 to spring 2019, three focus groups were conducted with primary care providers practicing in a small-town community endemic to Lyme disease (LD) and with emerging incidence of additional TBDs. A follow up online survey was distributed to urgent and emergency care providers in the small-town community and an academic medical center within the referral network of the local clinical community in spring and summer 2019. Qualitative analysis of focus group data was performed following a grounded theory approach and survey responses were analyzed through the calculation of descriptive statistics.
Results
Fourteen clinicians from three primary care practices participated in focus groups, and 24 urgent and emergency care clinicians completed the survey questionnaire. Four overarching themes emerged from focus group data which were corroborated by survey data. Themes highlighted a moderate level of awareness on diagnosis and treatment of LD among participants and limited knowledge of diagnosis and treatment for two other regionally relevant TBDs, anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Providers described challenges and frustrations in counseling patients with strong preconceptions of LD diagnosis and treatment in the context of chronic infection. Providers desired additional point-of-care resources to facilitate patient education and correct misinformation on the diagnosis and treatment of TBDs.
Conclusions
Through this small study, it appears that clinicians in the small-town and academic medical center settings are experiencing uncertainties related to TBD recognition, diagnosis, and patient communication. These findings can inform the development of point-of-care resources to aid in patient-provider communication regarding TBDs and inform the development of continuing medical education programs for frontline and primary care providers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniele Carvalho Nascimento, Paula Ramos Viacava, Raphael Gomes Ferreira, Marina Alves Damaceno, Annie Rocío Piñeros, Paulo Henrique Melo, Paula Barbim Donate, Juliana Escher Toller-Kawahisa, Daniel Zoppi, Flávio Protásio Veras, Raphael Sanches Peres, Luísa Menezes-Silva, Diego Caetité, Antonio Edson Rocha Oliveira, Ícaro Maia Santos Castro, Gilles Kauffenstein, Helder Imoto Nakaya, Marcos Carvalho Borges, Dario Simões Zamboni, Denise Morais Fonseca, Jonas Augusto Rizzato Paschoal, Thiago Mattar Cunha, Valerie Quesniaux, Joel Linden, Fernando Queíroz Cunha, Bernhard Ryffel, José Carlos Alves-Filho
Immunity, 1.09.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Sepsis causes immunosuppression and increased susceptibility to infection by unknown means. Nascimento et al. show sepsis-induced expansion of a CD39hi plasmablast population that elevated circulating adenosine. Adenosine signaling in macrophages suppressed microbial killing and promoted IL-10 production. This work highlights CD39hi plasmablasts and adenosine as important drivers of sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngela Hilmers
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.09.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
“Everything we face has a history, and everything we do has a future”William “Bill” Foege
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.09.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Abstract
Purpose
Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is responsible for substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. We aimed to identify host and bacterial factors associated with 30-day mortality in 18-year-old patients hospitalized with IPD in France from 2013 to 2015.
Methods
This study analyzed data collected from consecutives IPD cases included in two parallel multi-center cohort studies: COMBAT study (280 patients with pneumococcal community-acquired bacterial meningitis) and SIIP study (491 patients with non-meningitis IPD). Factors associated with 30-day mortality were identified using logistic regression.
Results
Among the 771 enrolled patients (median age 66 years, IQR [52.0–79.7]), 592/767 (77.2%) had at least one chronic disease. Patients with meningitis were younger (60.2 vs 70.9 years; p < 0.001) and had fewer chronic diseases than those with non-meningitis IPD (73.3% vs 79.4%; p = 0.05). Non-vaccine serotypes were more frequent in meningitis patients than in those with other IPD (36.1% vs 23.1%; p < 0.001). The overall 30-day mortality was 16.7% and patients with concurrent meningitis and extra-cerebral IPD had the highest 30-day mortality rate (26.5%). On multivariate analyses, older age, history of malignant solid tumor, meningeal IPD and serotypes previously identified with high mortality potential were independently associated with 30-day mortality. Of the serotypes with high mortality potential, 80% were included in licensed (PCV13 or PPV23) vaccines.
Conclusion
We observed an effect of both host factors and pneumococcal serotypes on 30-day mortality in IPD. This highlights the need for a focused strategy to vaccinate at-risk patients.
Clinical trial
ClinicalTrial. Gov identification number: NCT01730690
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Abstract
Introduction
Young and middle-aged adults are the largest group of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and some of them develop severe disease.
Objective
To investigate clinical manifestations in adults aged 18–65 years hospitalized for COVID-19 and identify predictors of poor outcome. Secondary objectives: to explore differences compared to the disease in elderly patients and the suitability of the commonly used community-acquired pneumonia prognostic scales in younger populations.
Methods
Multicenter prospective registry of consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia aged 18–65 years between March and May 2020. We considered a composite outcome of “poor outcome” including intensive care unit admission and/or use of noninvasive ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure or high flow nasal cannula oxygen and/or death.
Results
We identified 513 patients < 65 years of age, from a cohort of 993 patients. 102 had poor outcomes (19.8%) and 3.9% died. 78% and 55% of patients with poor outcomes were classified as low risk based on CURB and PSI scores, respectively.
A multivariate Cox regression model identified six independent factors associated with poor outcome: heart disease, absence of chest pain or anosmia, low oxygen saturation, high LDH and lymphocyte count < 800/mL.
Conclusions
COVID-19 in younger patients carries significant morbidity and differs in some respects from this disease in the elderly. Baseline heart disease is a relevant risk factor, while anosmia and pleuritic pain are associated to better prognosis. Hypoxemia, LDH and lymphocyte count are predictors of poor outcome. We consider that CURB and PSI scores are not suitable criteria for deciding admission in this population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPreeti Malik, Karan Patel, Candida Pinto, Richa Jaiswal, Raghavendra Tirupathi, Shreejith Pillai, Urvish Patel
Journal of Medical Virology, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Kabir Bhalla, Xianya Qu, Matthias Kretschmer, James W. Kronstad
Trends in Microbiology, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Phosphate is an essential macronutrient for fungal proliferation as well as a key mediator of antagonistic, beneficial, and pathogenic interactions between fungi and other organisms. In this review, we summarize recent insights into the integration of phosphate metabolism with mechanisms of fungal adaptation that support growth and survival. In particular, we highlight aspects of phosphate sensing important for responses to stress and regulation of cell-surface changes with an impact on fungal pathogenesis, host immune responses, and disease outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAradhya, S., Branden, M., Drefahl, S., Obucina, O., Andersson, G., Rostila, M., Mussino, E., Juarez, S. P.
BMJ Open, 1.09.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Objectives
To evaluate the role of language proficiency and institutional awareness in explaining excess COVID-19 mortality among immigrants.
Design
Cohort study with follow-up between 12 March 2020 and 23 February 2021.
Setting
Swedish register-based study on all residents in Sweden.
Participants
3 963 356 Swedish residents in co-residential unions who were 30 years of age or older and alive on 12 March 2020 and living in Sweden in December 2019.
Outcome measures
Cox regression models were conducted to assess the association between different constellations of immigrant-native couples (proxy for language proficiency and institutional awareness) and COVID-19 mortality and all other causes of deaths (2019 and 2020). Models were adjusted for relevant confounders.
Results
Compared with Swedish-Swedish couples (1.18 deaths per thousand person-years), both immigrants partnered with another immigrant and a native showed excess mortality for COVID-19 (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.29 to 1.58 and HR 1.24; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.40, respectively), which translates to 1.37 and 1.28 deaths per thousand person-years. Moreover, similar results are found for natives partnered with an immigrant (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.29), which translates to 1.29 deaths per thousand person-years. Further analysis shows that immigrants from both high-income and low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) experience excess mortality also when partnered with a Swede. However, having a Swedish-born partner is only partially protective against COVID-19 mortality among immigrants from LMIC origins.
Conclusions
Language barriers and/or poor institutional awareness are not major drivers for the excess mortality from COVID-19 among immigrants. Rather, our study provides suggestive evidence that excess mortality among immigrants is explained by differential exposure to the virus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31.08.2021
Tilføjet 1.09.2021
Zubeida Salaam-Dreyer Elizabeth M. Streicher Frederick A. Sirgel Fabrizio Menardo Sonia Borrell Miriam Reinhard Anna Doetsch Patrick G.T. Cudahy Erika Mohr-Holland Johnny Daniels Anzaan Dippenaar Mark P. Nicol Sebastien Gagneux Robin M. Warren Helen Cox 1Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, South Africa 2DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research/SAMRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. 3Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel Switzerland 4University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland 5Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 6Médecins Sans Frontières, Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa 7Tuberculosis Omics Research Consortium, Family Medicine and Population Health, Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 8Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 9Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Wellcome centre for Infectious Disease Research, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.08.2021
Tilføjet 31.08.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKelley R. Hurst-Hess Paulami Rudra Pallavi Ghosh 1Division of Genetics, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA 2School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12208
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.08.2021
Tilføjet 31.08.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRoger Vargas Luca Freschi Andrea Spitaleri Sabira Tahseen Ivan Barilar Stefan Niemann Paolo Miotto Daniela Maria Cirillo Claudio U. Köser Maha R. Farhat 1 Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. 2 Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. 3 Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy. 4 National TB Reference laboratory, National TB Control Program, Islamabad, Pakistan. 5 German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany. 6 Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. 7 Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 8 Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.08.2021
Tilføjet 31.08.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVidmantas Petraitis Ruta Petraitiene Povilas Kavaliauskas Ethan Naing Andrew Garcia Christina Sutherland Aki Yoneda Kau Nicholas Goldner Christopher Bulow David P. Nicolau Thomas J. Walsh a Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA b Viosera Therapeutics, Brentwood, MO, USA c Center for Anti-Infective Research and Development at Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA d Departments of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA e Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.08.2021
Tilføjet 31.08.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatherine M. Ellis Leonardo Lucantoni Marina Chavchich Matthew Abraham Amanda De Paoli Madeline R. Luth Anne-Marie Zeeman Michael J. Delves Fernando Sánchez-Román Terán Ursula Straschil Jake Baum Clemens HM. Kocken Stuart A. Ralph Elizabeth A. Winzeler Vicky M. Avery Michael D. Edstein Jonathan B. Baell Darren J. Creek aDrug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia bDiscovery Biology, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia cThe Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4052, Australia dSchool of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA eDepartment of Parasitology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, Netherlands fDepartment of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK gDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia hMedicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.08.2021
Tilføjet 31.08.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQi Guo Liyun Xu Fusheng Tan Yongjie Zhang Junsheng Fan Xinghai Wang Zhemin Zhang Bing Li Haiqing Chu aDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China bTongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China cMicuRx Pharmaceuticals,Inc, Shanghai, China dShanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.08.2021
Tilføjet 31.08.2021
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/aac/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed