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1
Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health challenge, particularly in children. A substantial proportion of children with TB disease remain undetected and unconfirmed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive point-of-care test. This study aims to assess the performance of serological assays based on various antigen targets and antibody properties in distinguishing children (0–18 years) with TB disease (1) from healthy TB-exposed children, (2) children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections, and (3) from children with TB infection. Methods The study will use biobanked plasma samples collected from three prospective multicentric diagnostic observational studies: the Childhood TB in Switzerland (CITRUS) study, the Pediatric TB Research Network in Spain (pTBred), and the Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents (ProPAED) study. Included are children diagnosed with TB disease or infection, healthy TB-exposed children, and sick children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Serological multiplex assays will be performed to identify M. tuberculosis antigen-specific antibody features, including isotypes, subclasses, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and IgG glycosylation. Discussion The findings from this study will help to design serological assays for diagnosing TB disease in children. Importantly, those assays could easily be developed as low-cost point-of-care tests, thereby offering a potential solution for resource-constrained settings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03044509.
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2
Clinical characteristics of pyogenic liver abscess with and without biliary surgery history: a retrospective single-center experience
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background & aims Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a common hepatobiliary infection that has been shown to have an increasing incidence, with biliary surgery being identified as a trigger. Our aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatments of PLA patients with and without a history of biliary surgery (BS). Methods The study included a total of 353 patients with PLA who received treatment at our hospital between January 2014 and February 2023. These patients were categorized into two groups: the BS group (n = 91) and the non-BS group (n = 262). In the BS group, according to the anastomosis method, they were further divided into bilioenteric anastomoses group (BEA, n = 22) and non-bilioenteric anastomoses group (non-BEA, n = 69). Clinical characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results The percentage of PLA patients with BS history was 25.78%. The BS group exhibited elevated levels of TBIL and activated APTT abnormalities (P = 0.009 and P = 0.041, respectively). Within the BS group, the BEA subgroup had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (P
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3
Association between bacterial vaginosis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection and tubal factor infertility in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background Tubal factor infertility (TFI) is common in sub-Saharan Africa and often secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Anaerobes associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV) are also found in PIDs widely dominated by Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), whose role in TFI is better demonstrated than that of BV. Objectives To determine the prevalence of BV and C. trachomatis and to investigate the association between BV, C. trachomatis and TFI. Methods We included 137 patients treated for infertility between January 2020 and November 2021. Cases were defined as women with infertility aged 18-45 years presenting with TFI (n = 52), and controls as infertile women in the same age groups without TFI (n = 85). Data on social habits, life style and infertility parameters were collected, and we performed screening for BV and C. trachomatis. Multiple regression was used to measure associations. Results The prevalence of BV and C. trachomatis was 42.3% (58/137) and 23.4% (32/137), respectively. BV (61.5% vs 30.6%, p
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4
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis caused by GATA2 deficiency: a report on three patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome that occurs in patients with severe systemic hyperinflammation. GATA binding protein 2 (GATA2) is a transcription factor and key component in haematopoiesis and stem cell biology. Case presentation Three patients with HLH, one with Mycobacterium avium infection, one with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection, and one with Mycobacterium kansasii infection, were all subsequently found to have a defect in the GATA2 gene through genetic testing. Conclusions GATA2 deficiency syndrome should be considered in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, nontuberculous mycobacterium infection and HLH. In addition, the GATA2 gene variant may be a genetic defect that could be the cause of the primary HLH. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of GATA2 pathogenic variants in the pathogenesis of HLH.
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5
Norepinephrine may promote the progression of Fusobacterium nucleatum related colorectal cancer via quorum sensing signalling
Xinhao DuZhenzhen TangLi YanLing ZhangQiao ZhengXianghao ZengQing HuQian TianLanfan LiangXinyu ZhaoJun LiMing ZhaoXiangsheng Fua Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. Chinab Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, P.R. China
Virulence, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
6
A mosquito symbiont controls flaviviruses
Agustina Taglialegna
Nat Rev Microbiol, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
7
Bacteriocin diversity, function, discovery and application as antimicrobials
Ivan Sugrue, R. Paul Ross, Colin Hill
Nat Rev Microbiol, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
8
Bayesian Estimation of the Time-Varying Reproduction Number for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Iran: A Registry-Based Study from 2018 to 2022 Using New Smear-Positive Cases
Infectious Disease Modelling, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Maryam Rastegar, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Vahid Fakoor, Eisa Nazar, Mahshid Nasehi, Saeed Sharafi
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9
COVID-19 Vaccination Linked With Lower Risk of Cardiac Problems
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
People who received a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination had a lower risk of heart failure and blood clots in their veins and arteries after COVID-19 infection than those who had not been vaccinated, a recent study involving more than 20 million participants in Estonia, Spain, and the UK found.
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10
Measles Outbreaks in US and Abroad Prompt CDC Vaccination Alert
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Amid an uptick in measles cases and outbreaks both in the US and abroad, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an alert on March 18 encouraging clinicians to work with schools and educators to ensure children are up-to-date on their measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines. As of March 28, 97 measles cases had been reported in 18 US states this year. Most of the cases have been linked to international travel.
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11
FDA Okays First Drug for Scarring From Fatty Liver Disease
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved resmetirom, marketed as Rezdiffra, for adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) without cirrhosis. NASH is a progressive fatty liver disease that affects up to 8 million people in the US and can cause liver inflammation and scarring, known as fibrosis. Resmetirom, an oral drug that reduces the accumulation of liver fat, can be used along with diet and exercise, which are the standard care for patients with NASH.
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12
Safety Concerns Put a Stop to Maternal RSV Vaccine Study
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
A vaccine given during pregnancy that prevents respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in infants was about 66% effective at protecting against RSV-associated respiratory illness, and about 69% effective at protecting against severe disease, according to a study in the New England Journal of Medicine. The data came from a randomized clinical trial involving more than 5000 pregnant people and their infants in 24 countries.
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13
Trials Will Evaluate Treatments for Long COVID Nervous System Problems
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
For some individuals, post–COVID-19 condition, or long COVID, can result in symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, such as a heart palpitations and lightheadedness that occur when standing up, and fatigue. Together, these symptoms are known as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
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14
Why “Just the Facts” Fails in Vaccine Conversations
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
This Medical News article discusses an intervention that uses empathy to address vaccine hesitancy in the clinic.
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15
Medicine and Meteorology
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Few, indeed, are the physicians who do not now and then advise a patient to make a change of climate. However difficult it might be to justify such a recommendation in every instance, or even in most cases, on the basis of precise physiologic knowledge or strictly scientific therapeutic consideration, the benefits that repeatedly accrue to persons thus ordered to a “change of scene” are often too indisputably real to be gainsaid. Change of climate may mean far more than transport to a place where altitude, regimen, temperature, moisture and other atmospheric conditions are different; it may mean removal from smoke and dust and other noxious agencies in the air; it may bring about new associations and furnish a new personal environment, whereby psychologic influences rather than climatic factors are brought into play in connection with the sick. Such personal features doubtless account for many benefits; they cannot encompass all the good that is often attributable to a new environment. Climatology, from the human standpoint, has not yet reached the dignity of an exact science. It still banks on combinations of tradition, unverified beliefs and empiric deductions. For the north temperate zone it has been alleged more than once that limitations imposed by weather cause many persons to lead unhygienic lives in winter, some individuals almost entering a state of hibernation. For some of these, spring brings a welcomed tonic change; others seek it by removing to a different locality. The meaning of sunshine in the form of direct insolation has become apparent in recent years in connection with various diseases. Tuberculosis and rickets, for example, can testify amply to the health-giving virtues of the direct rays of the sun. A recent writer has accordingly asserted that a study of the benefits obtained from a change of climate becomes more important each year as the systemic changes caused by different climates are better understood.
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16
Consortium Authors and Nonauthor Collaborators Added
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
The Original Investigation titled “Development of a Definition of Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection,” published in the June 13, 2023, issue of JAMA, has been corrected to include additional consortium authors and nonauthor collaborator names in a supplement.
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17
Cardiac Function Before Sepsis and Clinical Outcomes
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
This cohort study characterizes heterogeneity in cardiac function prior to sepsis and describes associations with hospitalization outcomes and mortality.
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18
A Pragmatic Approach to Prostate Cancer Screening
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
The introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–based screening for prostate cancer in the early 1990s was followed by a nearly 2-decade long decline in prostate cancer metastasis and mortality. However, clinical trial data revealed that screening was associated with substantial harms. Under the traditional clinical approach in which elevated serum PSA triggered prostate biopsy, roughly 1 in 5 screened men underwent biopsies, with more than 75% found to be negative and a majority of positive biopsies harboring low-grade, clinically insignificant cancers. Prostate biopsies are uncomfortable for patients and carry a risk of bleeding and infection requiring hospitalization. Moreover, during a previous era in which a cancer diagnosis was inexorably linked to treatment, overdiagnosis (ie, detection of indolent cancers that would not have been detected during life in the absence of screening) and overtreatment resulted in significantly reduced quality of life. In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) provided a grade D recommendation against the use of PSA screening, concluding that the benefits of PSA-based screening for prostate cancer do not outweigh the harms.
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19
Error in Conflict of Interest Disclosures
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
In the Editorial titled “Shedding Patterns of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Infections,” published online on October 22, 2022, and in the November 1, 2022, issue of JAMA, Dr Whitley omitted potential conflict of interest disclosures. The disclosure statement has been corrected to include “serving on the board of directors for Gilead Sciences, Inc, with vested shares in the company at the time of this publication, and as cofounder and investor in Treovir LLC.” This article was corrected online.
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20
Noninvasive Airway Management of Comatose Patients With Acute Poisoning—Reply
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
In Reply In response to our recent article, Dr Schober and colleagues suggest that reduction of length of stay in the ICU and hospital may not be considered a clinically relevant outcome. However, in the context of stretched resources and ICU bed shortages, we believe this is an important end point, and that improvement in the secondary end points in our trial also advocates for a clinical benefit of the intervention. As acknowledged, the reduced risk of pneumonia in the intervention group was not statistically significant, and we therefore did not make definitive claims about this. However, considering the absolute risk reduction of 7.8% (95% CI, 0.3% to 15.9%), the supposition that withholding intubation could increase the risk of pneumonia is very unlikely. We agree that adverse events unrelated to intubation are important, but they did not appear to contribute significantly to increased morbidity risk.
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21
Randomized Controlled Trial of Telementoring During Resource-Limited Patient Care Simulation Improves Caregiver Performance and Patient Survival
Pamplin, Jeremy C.; Veazey, Sena R.; Barczak, Stacie; Fonda, Stephanie J.; Serio-Melvin, Maria L.; Ross, Kevin S.; Colombo, Christopher J.
Critical Care Explorations, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of telementoring on caregiver performance during a high-fidelity medical simulation model (HFMSM) of a critically ill patient in a resource-limited setting. DESIGN: A two-center, randomized, controlled study using a HFMSM of a patient with community-acquired pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome. SETTING: A notional clinic in a remote location staffed by a single clinician and nonmedical assistant. PARTICIPANTS: Clinicians with limited experience managing critically ill patients. INTERVENTIONS: Telemedicine (TM) support. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was clinical performance as measured by accuracy, reliability, and efficiency of care. Secondary outcomes were patient survival, procedural quality, subjective assessment of the HFMSM, and perceived workload. MAIN RESULTS: TM participants (N = 11) performed better than non-TM (NTM, N = 12) in providing expected care (accuracy), delivering care more consistently (reliability), and without consistent differences in efficiency (timeliness of care). Accuracy: TM completed 91% and NTM 42% of expected tasks and procedures. Efficiency: groups did not differ in the mean (± sd) minutes it took to obtain an advanced airway successfully (TM 15.2 ± 10.5 vs. NTM 22.8 ± 8.4, p = 0.10) or decompress a tension pneumothorax with a needle (TM 0.7 ± 0.5 vs. NTM 0.6 ± 0.9, p = 0.65). TM was slower than NTM in completing thoracostomy (22.3 ± 10.2 vs. 12.3 ± 4.8, p = 0.03). Reliability: TM performed 13 of 17 (76%) tasks with more consistent timing than NTM. TM completed 68% and NTM 29% of procedural quality metrics. Eighty-two percent of the TM participants versus 17% of the NTM participants simulated patients survived (p = 0.003). The groups similarly perceived the HFMSM as realistic, managed their patients with personal ownership, and experienced comparable workload and stress. CONCLUSIONS: Remote expertise provided with TM to caregivers in resource-limited settings improves caregiver performance, quality of care, and potentially real patient survival. HFMSM can be used to study interventions in ways not possible with real patients.
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22
Microbial nitrogen transformation processes: a collaborative network
Jennifer B. Glass, Kathrin Rousk
Trends in Microbiology, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Nitrogen is a key element that is essential for the facilitation of biogeochemical processes across varied ecosystems. We now know that nitrogen cycling is incredibly complex in that it is more than just a cycle and comprises various microbe-mediated processes (nitrification, denitrification, etc.). Given the ubiquitousness of many of these processes across terrestrial (agricultural, for instance) and aquatic ecosystems, we have seen cases of cross-disciplinary collaboration whereby lessons learned from one ecosystem can be applied to another.
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23
Bacteria-derived short-chain fatty acids as potential regulators of fungal commensalism and pathogenesis
Christopher McCrory, Megan Lenardon, Ana Traven
Trends in Microbiology, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
The human gastrointestinal microbiome encompasses bacteria, fungi, and viruses forming complex bionetworks which, for organismal health, must be in a state of homeostasis. An important homeostatic mechanism derives from microbial competition, which maintains the relative abundance of microbial species in a healthy balance. Microbes compete for nutrients and secrete metabolites that inhibit other microbes. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one such class of metabolites made by gut bacteria to very high levels. SCFAs are metabolised by microbes and host cells and have multiple roles in regulating cell physiology. Here, we review the mechanisms by which SCFAs regulate the fungal gut commensal Candida albicans. We discuss SCFA’s ability to inhibit fungal growth, limit invasive behaviours and modulate cell surface antigens recognised by immune cells. We review the mechanisms underlying these roles: regulation of gene expression, metabolism, signalling and SCFA-driven post-translational protein modifications by acylation, which contribute to changes in acylome dynamics of C. albicans with potentially large consequences for cell physiology. Given that the gut mycobiome is a reservoir for systemic disease and has also been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, understanding the mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites, such as SCFAs, control the mycobiome might provide therapeutic avenues.
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24
Future malaria environmental suitability in Africa is sensitive to hydrology
Mark W. Smith, Thomas Willis, Elizabeth Mroz, William H. M. James, Megan J. Klaar, Simon N. Gosling, Christopher J. Thomas
Science, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
25
Indian Ocean temperature anomalies predict long-term global dengue trends
Yuyang Chen, Yiting Xu, Lin Wang, Yilin Liang, Naizhe Li, José Lourenço, Yun Yang, Qiushi Lin, Ligui Wang, He Zhao, Bernard Cazelles, Hongbin Song, Ziyan Liu, Zengmiao Wang, Oliver J. Brady, Simon Cauchemez, Huaiyu Tian
Science, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
26
Report offers harsh verdict on global polio vaccine switch
Leslie Roberts
Science, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
27
To probe outbreak, BSL-3 labs plan to infect cows with flu virus
Kai Kupferschmidt
Science, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
28
Virus gone wild
Jon Cohen
Science, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
29
[Perspectives] The poetics of Crohn's disease
Jess Libow
Lancet, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
In her 2013 essay collection, Meaty, the comedian and writer Samantha Irby quips that, “as autoimmune diseases go”, her diagnosis of Crohn\'s disease “is one of the least glamorous of the bunch”. As a patient with Crohn\'s disease myself, I can see why. Those who experience this chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract know all too well the stigmas and shame that can accompany its symptoms. Unsurprisingly, Crohn\'s disease rarely appears in literature not tinged with a self-help ethos.
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30
[Articles] A measles and rubella vaccine microneedle patch in The Gambia: a phase 1/2, double-blind, double-dummy, randomised, active-controlled, age de-escalation trial
Ikechukwu Adigweme, Mohammed Yisa, Michael Ooko, Edem Akpalu, Andrew Bruce, Simon Donkor, Lamin B Jarju, Baba Danso, Anthony Mendy, David Jeffries, Anne Segonds-Pichon, Abdoulie Njie, Stephen Crooke, Elina El-Badry, Hilary Johnstone, Michael Royals, James L Goodson, Mark R Prausnitz, Devin V McAllister, Paul A Rota, Sebastien Henry, Ed Clarke
Lancet, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
The safety and immunogenicity data support the accelerated development of the MRV-MNP.
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31
Correction: Association of Strongyloides stercoralis infection and type 2 diabetes mellitus in northeastern Thailand: Impact on diabetic complication-related renal biochemical parameters
Manachai Yingklang, Apisit Chaidee, Rungtiwa Dangtakot, Chanakan Jantawong, Ornuma Haonon, Chutima Sitthirach, Nguyen Thi Hai, Ubon Cha’on, Sirirat Anutrakulchai, Supot Kamsa-ard, Somchai Pinlaor
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
by Manachai Yingklang, Apisit Chaidee, Rungtiwa Dangtakot, Chanakan Jantawong, Ornuma Haonon, Chutima Sitthirach, Nguyen Thi Hai, Ubon Cha’on, Sirirat Anutrakulchai, Supot Kamsa-ard, Somchai Pinlaor
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32
Correction: mHealth intervention to improve quality of life in patients with chronic diseases during the COVID-19 crisis in Paraguay: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
The PLOS One Staff
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
33
Correction: HIV program outcomes for Jamaica before and after “Treat All”: A population-based study using the national treatment services database
Anya Cushnie, Ralf Reintjes, Susanna Lehtinen-Jacks, J. Peter Figueroa
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
34
Correction: Genetic characterization of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Egyptian hospitals and environments
Soha El-Shaer, Shaymaa H. Abdel-Rhman, Rasha Barwa, Ramadan Hassan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
35
Correction: The longitudinal impact of employment, retirement and disability status on depressive symptoms among men living with HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study
Deanna Ware, Sergio Rueda, Michael Plankey, Pamela J. Surkan, Chukwuemeka N. Okafor, Linda Teplin, M. Reuel Friedman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
by Deanna Ware, Sergio Rueda, Michael Plankey, Pamela J. Surkan, Chukwuemeka N. Okafor, Linda Teplin, M. Reuel Friedman
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36
Correction: Increasing Fusobacterium infections with Fusobacterium varium, an emerging pathogen
Se Ju Lee, Yae Jee Baek, Jin Nam Kim, Ki Hyun Lee, Eun Hwa Lee, Joon Sup Yeom, Jun Yong Choi, Nam Su Ku, Jin Young Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Su Jin Jeong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
by Se Ju Lee, Yae Jee Baek, Jin Nam Kim, Ki Hyun Lee, Eun Hwa Lee, Joon Sup Yeom, Jun Yong Choi, Nam Su Ku, Jin Young Ahn, Jung Ho Kim, Su Jin Jeong
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37
Kinetics of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity during Plasmodium vivax infection: implications for early radical malaria treatment
Malaria Journal, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background Plasmodium vivax relapses due to dormant liver hypnozoites can be prevented with primaquine. However, the dose must be adjusted in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. In French Guiana, assessment of G6PD activity is typically delayed until day (D)14 to avoid the risk if misclassification. This study assessed the kinetics of G6PD activity throughout P. vivax infection to inform the timing of treatment. Methods For this retrospective monocentric study, data on G6PD activity between D1 and D28 after treatment initiation with chloroquine or artemisinin-based combination therapy were collected for patients followed at Cayenne Hospital, French Guiana, between January 2018 and December 2020. Patients were divided into three groups based on the number of available G6PD activity assessments: (i) at least two measurements during the P. vivax malaria infection; (ii) two measurements: one during the current infection and one previously; (iii) only one measurement during the malaria infection. Results In total, 210 patients were included (80, 20 and 110 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively). Data from group 1 showed that G6PD activity remained stable in each patient over time (D1, D3, D7, D14, D21, D28). None of the patients with normal G6PD activity during the initial phase (D1–D3) of the malaria episode (n = 44) was categorized as G6PD-deficient at D14. Patients with G6PD activity
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38
Genetic polymorphism and evidence of signatures of selection in the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein gene in Tanzanian regions with different malaria endemicity
Malaria Journal, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background In 2021 and 2023, the World Health Organization approved RTS,S/AS01 and R21/Matrix M malaria vaccines, respectively, for routine immunization of children in African countries with moderate to high transmission. These vaccines are made of Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP), but polymorphisms in the gene raise concerns regarding strain-specific responses and the long-term efficacy of these vaccines. This study assessed the Pfcsp genetic diversity, population structure and signatures of selection among parasites from areas of different malaria transmission intensities in Mainland Tanzania, to generate baseline data before the introduction of the malaria vaccines in the country. Methods The analysis involved 589 whole genome sequences generated by and as part of the MalariaGEN Community Project. The samples were collected between 2013 and January 2015 from five regions of Mainland Tanzania: Morogoro and Tanga (Muheza) (moderate transmission areas), and Kagera (Muleba), Lindi (Nachingwea), and Kigoma (Ujiji) (high transmission areas). Wright’s inbreeding coefficient (Fws), Wright’s fixation index (FST), principal component analysis, nucleotide diversity, and Tajima’s D were used to assess within-host parasite diversity, population structure and natural selection. Results Based on Fws (
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39
Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model of Giardia lamblia infection
Sozaburo IharaBrian V. NguyenYukiko MiyamotoLars Eckmann1Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA2Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Jeroen P. J. Saeij
Infection and Immunity, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
40
Group A Streptococcus induces lysosomal dysfunction in THP-1 macrophages
Scott T. NishiokaJoshua SnipperJimin LeeJoshua SchapiroRobert Z. ZhangHyewon AbeAndreas TillCheryl Y. M. Okumura1Biology Department, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California, USA2Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA3The San Diego Center for Systems Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA4University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
41
A correlative study of the genomic underpinning of virulence traits and drug tolerance of Candida auris
Bo YangBenjamin VaisvilDaniel SchmittJoseph CollinsEric YoungVinayak KapatralReeta Rao1Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA2Igenbio, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA3Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA, Mairi C. Noverr
Infection and Immunity, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
42
Long-term symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of people living with HIV
Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background Our Hospital in Northern Italy assists 3817 people living with HIV (PLWH) and has faced the impact of COVID-19. Little is known about the impact of HIV infection on the risk of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCCs) onset. We aim to assess the incidence of PCC in PLWH and the factors associated with its occurrence. Methods We performed a retrospective, observational study including all PLWH > 18 years registered in the Brescia Health Protection Agency database, assessing SARS-CoV-2 burden, vaccination status, socio-demographic, and viro-immunological parameters from February 2020 until May 2022. Persistence of self-reported symptoms (clustered into gastrointestinal, respiratory, osteo-muscular, and neuro-behavioral symptoms) was evaluated after 3 months by a telephone-administered questionnaire. We estimated the associations between all variables and outcomes through univariate and multivariable logistic models. Results In the study period, 653 PLWH were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection (17.1%). We observed 19 (2.9%) reinfections, 71 (10.9%) hospitalizations, and 3 (0.5%) deaths. We interviewed 510/653 PLWH (78%), and 178 (PCCs prevalence 34.9%; CI 95% 30.7–39.2) reported persistent symptoms. Asthenia/fatigue was the most reported symptom (60/178), followed by muscular pain (54/178). In the multivariate regression model, there was a lower risk of PCCs in males respect to females (adjusted OR = 0.64; CI 95% 0.99–3.66), while hospitalization during acute infection was associated with an increased the risk of PCCs (adjusted OR = 1.9; CI 95% 0.99–3.66). Notably, no viro-immunological variable modified the PCCs risk onset. Conclusions Our study highlights a substantial prevalence of PCCs among PLWH, three months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, independent of viro-immunological features or vaccination status.
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43
Prediction of new-onset atrial fibrillation with the C2HEST score in patients admitted with community-acquired pneumonia
Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) may have a higher risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF). The C2HEST score was developed to evaluate the NOAF risk in the general population. Data on the value of the C2HEST score in acute patients admitted with CAP are lacking. We want to establish the predictive value of C2HEST score for NOAF in patients with CAP. Methods Patients with CAP enrolled in the SIXTUS cohort were enrolled. C2HEST score was calculated at baseline. In-hospital NOAF was recorded. Receiver-operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed. Results We enrolled 473 patients (36% women, mean age 70.6 ± 16.5 years), and 54 NOAF occurred. Patients with NOAF were elderly, more frequently affected by hypertension, heart failure, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral artery disease and hyperthyroidism. NOAF patients had also higher CURB-65, PSI class and CHA2DS2-VASc score. The C-index of C2HEST score for NOAF was 0.747 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.705–0.786), higher compared to CURB-65 (0.611, 95%CI 0.566–0.655, p = 0.0016), PSI (0.665, 95%CI 0.621–0.708, p = 0.0199) and CHA2DS2-VASc score (0.696, 95%CI 0.652–0.737, p = 0.0762). The best combination of sensitivity (67%) and specificity (70%) was observed with a C2HEST score ≥ 4. This result was confirmed by the multivariable Cox analysis (Hazard Ratio [HR] for C2HEST score ≥ 4 was 10.7, 95%CI 2.0–57.9; p = 0.006), independently from the severity of pneumonia. Conclusion The C2HEST score was a useful predictive tool to identify patients at higher risk for NOAF during hospitalization for CAP. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01773863)
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44
A case–control study of the clinical and economic impact of infections caused by Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)
Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Purpose The aim was to analyse the clinical and economic impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) infections. Methods Case–control study. Adult patients with CPE infections were considered cases, while those with non-CPE infections were controls. Matching criteria were age (± 5 years), sex, source of infection and microorganism (ratio 1:2). Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were 90-day mortality, clinical failure, hospitalisation costs and resource consumption. Results 246 patients (82 cases and 164 controls) were included. Klebsiella pneumoniae OXA-48 was the most common microorganism causing CPE infections. CPE cases had more prior comorbidities (p = 0.007), septic shock (p = 0.003), and were more likely to receive inappropriate empirical and definitive antibiotic treatment (both p
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45
Comparison of post-COVID-19 symptoms in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 variants delta and omicron—results of the Cross-Sectoral Platform of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON-SUEP)
Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Purpose The influence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants on the post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) remains unanswered. Therefore, we examined the prevalence and predictors of PCC-related symptoms in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 variants delta or omicron. Methods We compared prevalences and risk factors of acute and PCC-related symptoms three months after primary infection (3MFU) between delta- and omicron-infected patients from the Cross-Sectoral Platform of the German National Pandemic Cohort Network. Health-related quality of life (HrQoL) was determined by the EQ-5D-5L index score and trend groups were calculated to describe changes of HrQoL between different time points. Results We considered 758 patients for our analysis (delta: n = 341; omicron: n = 417). Compared with omicron patients, delta patients had a similar prevalence of PCC at the 3MFU (p = 0.354), whereby fatigue occurred most frequently (n = 256, 34%). HrQoL was comparable between the groups with the lowest EQ-5D-5L index score (0.75, 95% CI 0.73–0.78) at disease onset. While most patients (69%, n = 348) never showed a declined HrQoL, it deteriorated substantially in 37 patients (7%) from the acute phase to the 3MFU of which 27 were infected with omicron. Conclusion With quality-controlled data from a multicenter cohort, we showed that PCC is an equally common challenge for patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 variants delta and omicron at least for the German population. Developing the EQ-5D-5L index score trend groups showed that over two thirds of patients did not experience any restrictions in their HrQoL due to or after the SARS-CoV-2 infection at the 3MFU. Clinical Trail registration The cohort is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov since February 24, 2021 (Identifier: NCT04768998).
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