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Seib, K. L., Donovan, B., Thng, C., Lewis, D. A., McNulty, A., Fairley, C. K., Yeung, B., Jin, F., Fraser, D., Bavinton, B. R., Law, M., Chen, M. Y., Chow, E. P. F., Whiley, D. M., Mackie, B., Jennings, M. P., Jennison, A. V., Lahra, M. M., Grulich, A. E.
BMJ Open, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
IntroductionGonorrhoea, the sexually transmissible infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has a substantial impact on sexual and reproductive health globally with an estimated 82 million new infections each year worldwide. N. gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, and disease control is largely reliant on effective therapy as there is no proven effective gonococcal vaccine available. However, there is increasing evidence from observational cohort studies that the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine four-component meningitis B vaccine (4CMenB) (Bexsero), licensed to prevent invasive disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis, may provide cross-protection against the closely related bacterium N. gonorrhoeae. This study will evaluate the efficacy of 4CMenB against N. gonorrhoeae infection in men (cis and trans), transwomen and non-binary people who have sex with men (hereafter referred to as GBM+). Methods and analysisThis is a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial in GBM+, either HIV-negative on pre-exposure prophylaxis against HIV or living with HIV (CD4 count >350 cells/mm3), who have had a diagnosis of gonorrhoea or infectious syphilis in the last 18 months (a key characteristic associated with a high risk of N. gonorrhoeae infection). Participants are randomised 1:1 to receive two doses of 4CMenB or placebo 3 months apart. Participants have 3-monthly visits over 24 months, which include testing for N. gonorrhoeae and other sexually transmissible infections, collection of demographics, sexual behaviour risks and antibiotic use, and collection of research samples for analysis of N. gonorrhoeae-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. The primary outcome is the incidence of the first episode of N. gonorrhoeae infection, as determined by nucleic acid amplification tests, post month 4. Additional outcomes consider the incidence of symptomatic or asymptomatic N. gonorrhoeae infection at different anatomical sites (ie, urogenital, anorectum or oropharynx), incidence by N. gonorrhoeae genotype and antimicrobial resistance phenotype, and level and functional activity of N. gonorrhoeae-specific antibodies. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the St Vincent’s Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, NSW, Australia (ref: 2020/ETH01084). Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and via presentation at national and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT04415424.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLund Haheim, A. L., Olsen, I., Thelle, D. S., Ronningen, K. S.
BMJ Open, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
ObjectivesTo make a descriptive comparison of antibodies to four major periodontal bacteria and their relation to the respiratory diseases asthma and bronchitis/emphysema, and to cancer incidence. MethodsThe serum of a random sample of men with no history of cancer incidence (n=621) was analysed by the ELISA method for antibody levels of four periodontal bacteria; the anaerobes of the so-called red complex Tannerella forsythia (TF), Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG), and Treponema denticola (TD), and the facultative anaerobe Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA). The antibody readings were divided into quartiles and the distribution of cases of the relevant diseases as compared with the non-cases. Comparisons of the quartile distributions were by the Pearson 2 test. Data and serum from the Oslo II study of Norwegian men from 2000 were used. The ELISA analyses were performed on thawed frozen serum. Cancer data from 17.5 years of follow-up were provided by the Norwegian Cancer Registry. ResultsIn all, 52 men had reported asthma and 23 men had bronchitis/emphysema at the health screening. Results on cancer incidence are given for all respiratory cancers, n=23, and bronchi and lung cancers separately, n=18. Stratified analyses were performed for the four endpoints showing significant association with low levels of TD antibodies for bronchitis; p=0.035. Both TF and TD were significant for low levels of antibodies among daily smokers; p=0.030 for TF and p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), there have been multiple waves of infection and multiple rounds of vaccination rollouts. Both prior infection and vaccination can prevent future infection and reduce severity of outcomes, combining to form hybrid immunity against COVID-19 at the individual and population level. Here, we explore how different combinations of hybrid immunity affect the size and severity of near-future Omicron waves. Methods To investigate the role of hybrid immunity, we use an agent-based model of COVID-19 transmission with waning immunity to simulate outbreaks in populations with varied past attack rates and past vaccine coverages, basing the demographics and past histories on the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Results We find that if the past infection immunity is high but vaccination levels are low, then the secondary outbreak with the same variant can occur within a few months after the first outbreak; meanwhile, high vaccination levels can suppress near-term outbreaks and delay the second wave. Additionally, hybrid immunity has limited impact on future COVID-19 waves with immune-escape variants. Conclusions Enhanced understanding of the interplay between infection and vaccine exposure can aid anticipation of future epidemic activity due to current and emergent variants, including the likely impact of responsive vaccine interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are among the most prevalent foodborne parasitic and bacterial infections worldwide. However, the concurrent impact of coinfection on gastric pathology has yet to be studied in depth. The effect of coinfection generally either adds a synergetic or antagonistic impact; we aimed in the current work to assess the impact of T. gondii coinfection on the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric pathology and reporting H. pylori virulent strains. The study was conducted on 82 patients complaining of persistent gastrointestinal symptoms with failed treatment response and prone to endoscopy. They were subjected to stool examination to detect H. pylori antigen, serological screening for latent toxoplasmosis, endoscopy, histopathological examination, and molecular detection of H. pylori virulence strains in gastric biopsies. Out of the 82 patients, 62 patients were positive for H. pylori antigen in stool and 55 patients confirmed positivity by histopathology; out of them, 37 patients had isolated Vac As1 variants, 11 patients had combined Vac As1 and Cag A variants, and 7 patients had combined Vac As1, Cag A and VacAs2 variants. Patients with the combined two or three variances showed significantly deteriorated histopathological features than patients with a single Vac As1 variant (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Opportunistic infections (OIs) are common causes of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined prevalence and 30-day mortality due to histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and TB in PLHIV with advanced HIV disease (AHD). Methods PLHIV 18 years and older, with a CD4 + T-cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 newly diagnosed with HIV infection or re-engaged in care after being without ART for more than 90 days (Group A). The second group included symptomatic PLHIV regardless of ART status or CD4 + T-cell count (Group B); all followed for 30 days. Detection of Histoplasma Ag (HisAg) in urine was done by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Cryptococcus antigen (CrAg) was detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens by lateral flow assay (LFA), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection in urine was by LFA (TB LAM) and in sputum by GeneXpert for diagnosis of Mycobacterium infections. Results From August 2021 to June 2022, 491 PLHIV were enrolled; 482 (98%) had a CD4 + T-cell result, and 381 patients (79%) were classified with AHD according to CD4 + T-cell count (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohn E. Cronan1Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA2Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA, Corrella S. Detweiler
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
IHME Pathogen Core Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Our detailed breakdown of DALYs associated with a comprehensive list of pathogens on a global, regional, and country level has revealed the magnitude of the problem and helps to indicate where research funding mismatch might exist. Given the disproportionate impact of infection on low-income and middle-income countries, an essential next step is for countries and relevant stakeholders to address these gaps by making targeted investments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLee A. Armstrong, Sven M. Lange, Virginia De Cesare, Stephen P. Matthews, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Isobel Cole, Anthony Hope, Fraser Cunningham, Rachel Toth, Rukmini Mukherjee, Denisa Bojkova, Franz Gruber, David Gray, Paul G. Wyatt, Jindrich Cinatl, Ivan Dikic, Paul Davies, Yogesh Kulathu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Lee A. Armstrong, Sven M. Lange, Virginia De Cesare, Stephen P. Matthews, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Isobel Cole, Anthony Hope, Fraser Cunningham, Rachel Toth, Rukmini Mukherjee, Denisa Bojkova, Franz Gruber, David Gray, Paul G. Wyatt, Jindrich Cinatl, Ivan Dikic, Paul Davies, Yogesh Kulathu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedReem Hoteit, Imad Bou-Hamad, Sahar Hijazi, Dinah Ayna, Maya Romani, Christo El Morr
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Reem Hoteit, Imad Bou-Hamad, Sahar Hijazi, Dinah Ayna, Maya Romani, Christo El Morr Objectives University students are regarded as the backbone of society, and their mental health during a pandemic may have a substantial impact on their performance and life outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ mental health, specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, during Lebanon’s extended COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the sociodemographic factors and lifestyle practices associated with it. Methods An online anonymous survey assessed the rates of mental health problems during COVID-19, controlling for socio-demographics and other lifestyle practices, in 329 undergraduate and graduate university students. Instruments utilized were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (21-BAI) for anxiety, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for stress. The study employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models to analyze the association between depression, anxiety, and stress with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Results were evaluated using adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals, with a significance level of 0.05. Results Moderate to severe rates of depression, anxiety and stress among students were reported by 75.9%, 72.2%, and 89.3%, respectively. The odds of anxiety and stress were higher among women compared to men. Students who used private counseling services had higher odds of anxiety and stress than those who did not. Overall rated health was a major predictor of depression and anxiety, with the \'poor\' and \'fair\' overall-reported health groups having higher odds than the \'Excellent\' group. When compared to those who did not smoke, students who increased their smoking intake had higher odds of depression, anxiety and stress. Students who reduced their alcohol consumption had lower odds of anxiety compared to those who did not consume alcohol. Students who reduced their physical activity had higher odds than those who increased it. Finally, students who slept fewer than seven hours daily had higher odds of depression than those who slept seven to nine hours. Conclusion Our findings indicate a national student mental health crisis, with exceptionally high rates of moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Factors such as gender, university program, overall rated health, importance of religion in daily decisions, private counseling, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleeping, were all found to have an impact on mental health outcomes. Our study highlights the need for university administrators and mental health professionals to consider targeted mental health programming for students, particularly for women and those with poor or fair overall perceived health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatarzyna Arkusz, Kamila Pasik, Aleksandra Jędrzejewska, Tomasz Klekiel, Waldemar Woźniak, Marta Nycz, Roman Stryjski
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Katarzyna Arkusz, Kamila Pasik, Aleksandra Jędrzejewska, Tomasz Klekiel, Waldemar Woźniak, Marta Nycz, Roman Stryjski Effective surface disinfection is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens in hospitals. Standard UltraViolet-C (UV-C) lamps have been widely used for this purpose, but their disinfection efficiency under real-world conditions is not well understood. To fill this gap, the influence of the power of the ultraviolet radiator, source-sample distance, and exposure time on the performance of UV-C lamps against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were experimentally determined in the laboratory and hospital. The obtained results showed that the UV irradiance and, thus, the UV-C disinfection efficiency decreased significantly at distances greater than 100 cm from the UV-C lamp. Moreover, increasing the total power of the radiators does not improve the performance of UV-C lamps under real conditions. The UV-C disinfection efficiency greater than 90% was achieved only under laboratory conditions at a close distance from the UV-C lamp, i.e., 10 cm. These findings provide novel insights into the limitations of UV-C lamps in real-world conditions and highlight the need for more effective disinfection strategies in hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHao Tan, Jiayan Liu, Yingli Zhang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Hao Tan, Jiayan Liu, Yingli Zhang As a major concern shared by parents globally, COVID-19 vaccine safety is typically being messaged to the public in a negative frame in many countries. However, whether the COVID-19 vaccine safety framing have an effect on parents when vaccinating their children is unclear. Here we implement an online survey with a convenience sample of 3,861 parents living in mainland China, all over 18 years old and with at least one child under 18. The parents were randomly assigned to receive information about COVID-19 vaccine safety in either a negative frame (incidence of side effects) or a positive frame (the inverse incidence of side effects), to compare parental reactions to a range of questions about communication, risk perception, trust, involvement and behavioral intention. We found that parents were more likely to regard vaccine safety as relevant to policy support and as a higher priority for government when receiving positively framed information (p = 0.002). For some specific subgroups, parents in positive framing group showed lower risk perception and higher trust (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedR. Constance Wiener, Eric W. Lundstrom
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by R. Constance Wiener, Eric W. Lundstrom Background A large proportion of United States (U.S.) youth play basketball, baseball, softball, or T-ball. Each of the activities poses a documented risk of craniofacial and neck injuries. However, few studies have assessed the national prevalence of pediatric craniofacial and neck injuries in this population, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) dataset was used to identify pediatric craniofacial and neck injuries associated with basketball, baseball, softball, or T-ball from 2003–2022 in a cross-sectional study. The annual number of injuries before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to estimate the pandemic’s impact on the monthly number of injuries incurred nationally. Results Both overall and stratified by sport involvement, the annual number and rate of injuries identified in NEISS decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic. ITSA demonstrated that the monthly number of injuries decreased -4094.4 (95% CI = -5100, -3088.7) immediately after the beginning of the pandemic. The number of injuries began increasing towards pre-pandemic levels at a rate of 110.6 (95% CI = 64, 157.2) injuries per month after the initial plunge. Conclusion Prior to the-pandemic, there was a steady decline in craniofacial and neck injuries due to basketball, baseball, softball and T-ball among children, aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCaitlyn Henry, Mackenzie Wilcox, Angela L. Asirvatham
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Caitlyn Henry, Mackenzie Wilcox, Angela L. Asirvatham Although Schwann cells have been found to play a key role in inflammation and repair following nerve injury, the exact pathway is still unknown. To explore the mechanism by which Schwann cells exert their effects in the neuron microenvironment, we investigated two main inflammatory pathways: the NF-κB and cAMP pathways, and their downstream signaling molecules. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, was used to activate the NF-κB pathway, and forskolin, a plant extract, was used to activate the cAMP pathway. The rat RT4-D6P2T Schwann cell line was treated with 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/mL of LPS, with or without 2 μM of forskolin, for 1, 3, 12, and 24 hours to determine the effects of elevated cAMP levels on LPS-treated cell viability. To investigate the effects of elevated cAMP levels on the expression of downstream signaling effector proteins, specifically NF-κB, TNF-α, AKAP95, and cyclin D3, as well as TNF-α secretion, RT4-D6P2T cells were incubated in the various treatment combinations for a 3-hour time period. Overall, results from the CellTiter-Glo viability assay revealed that forskolin increased viability in cells treated with smaller doses of LPS for 1 and 24 hours. For all time points, 10 μg/mL of LPS noticeably reduced viability regardless of forskolin treatment. Results from the Western blot analysis revealed that, at 10 μg/mL of LPS, forskolin upregulated the expression of TNF-α despite a downregulation of NF-κB, which was also accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α secretion. These results provide evidence that cAMP might regulate TNF-α expression through alternate pathways. Furthermore, although cAMP activation altered AKAP95 and cyclin D3 expression at different doses of LPS, there does not appear to be an association between the expression of AKAP95 or cyclin D3 and the expression of TNF-α. Exploring the possible interactions between cAMP, NF-κB, and other key inflammatory signaling pathways might reveal a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and inflammation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMeghan Weissflog, Soyeon Kim, Natalie Rajack, Nathan J. Kolla
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Meghan Weissflog, Soyeon Kim, Natalie Rajack, Nathan J. Kolla While COVID-19 impacted all aspects of health care and patient treatment, particularly for patients with mental health/substance use (MH/SU) concerns, research has suggested a concerning increase in the use of restraint and seclusion (R/S) interventions, although results vary depending on facility type and patient population. Thus, the present study sought to explore COVID-related changes in the use of R/S interventions among patients presenting to Ontario emergency departments (EDs) with MH/SU complaints. To determine whether temporal and clinical factors were associated with changes in R/S use during COVID, binary logistic regression models were computed using data from the National Ambulatory Care Reporting System database. We then compared both prevalence rates and probability of an R/S event occurring during an ED visit in Ontario before and after the onset of COVID. The number of ED visits during which an R/S event occurred for patients presenting with MH/SU concerns increased by 9.5%, while their odds of an R/S event occurring during an ED visit increased by 23% in Ontario after COVID onset. Similarly, R/S event probability increased for patients presenting with MH/SU concerns after COVID onset (0.7% - 21.3% increase), particularly during the first wave, with the greatest increases observed for concerns associated with increased restraint risk pre-COVID. R/S intervention use increased substantially for patients presenting to Ontario EDs with MH/SU concerns during the first wave of COVID when the strain on healthcare system and uncertainty about the virus was arguably greatest. Patients with concerns already associated with increased R/S risk also showed the largest increases in R/S probability, suggesting increased behavioural issues during treatment among this population after COVID onset. These results have the potential to inform existing policies to mitigate risks associated with R/S intervention use during future public health emergencies and in general practice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Qiangru Huang, Yanxia Sun, Mengmeng Jia, Mingyue Jiang, Yunshao Xu, Luzhao Feng, Weizhong Yang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Laura Backus, Patrick Foley, Janet Foley
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Truc Ly Nguyen, Heebal Kim
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXin FengJia-Li YuYi-Fan SunChen-Yan DuYao ShenLu ZhangWei-Zhong KongSu HanYang Cheng1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China3Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China4Department of General Practice, Rongxiang Street Community Health Service Center, Binhu District, Wuxi, China, Jeroen P. J. Saeij
Infection and Immunity, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Sophie HartuisIsabelle Ourliac-GarnierEstelle RobertMarjorie AlbassierLéa DuchesneClara BeaufilsJoséphine KuhnPatrice Le PapeFlorent Morio1Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, Nantes, France2Nantes Université, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, Nantes, France3Department Public Health, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France, Andreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Katerina ChudejovaTsolaire SourenianJana PalkovicovaKatarina StredanskaLucie NechutnaKaterina VlkovaVendula StudentovaJaroslav HrabakCostas C. PapagiannitsisMonika DolejskaIbrahim Bitar1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic2Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic3Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece4Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic5Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Boudewijn L. de Jonge, Working group for monitoring of antibiotic resistanceMarian GlasnakDana KrckovaBeata HorvathovaJana JurankovaRenata TejkalovaZora PokornaVladimir FibigerDavid SusMarian MednanskyLenka RyskovaMiriam KoupilovaJana KotalikovaMiroslava PrejzkovaMarie BohackovaMarie SmolikovaHelena SkacanDenisa VeselaBlanka PuchalkovaGalina EliasovaHelena NedvedovaLenka UnuckovaYvona BarinkovaHana KremeckovaDaniela FackovaJana JaneckovaRoman JirsaRoman ZarubaEva VeselaDana ZamazalovaMarie DovalovaIva VagnerovaVladimir KurfurstBlanka OchvatovaEva ChmelarovaEva KrejciEva ZalabskaVera KurkovaSimona BlahovaTamara BergerovaVaclava AdamkovaJan KubeleMarketa SkruznaDaniela BalikovaAlena SteinerovaZuzana SemerakovaMiloslava KocianovaMartina CurdovaHelena ZemlickovaVladislav JakubuZuzana KadleckovaElka NycovaHelena JordakovaOtakar NycFilip PrusikIvana KohnovaRenata HolnovaEva SimeckovaErika CzyzovaAlice KucharovaLadislav TrojanDanuta UrbusovaEva VitovaJana RepiscakovaJarmila MiklovaLenka DvorakovaJirina JiresovaJan TkadlecZdena PitakovaNatasa BartonikovaMichal Stanek1Rudolf's and Stefanie's Hospital in Benesov, Benesov, Czechia2Laboratory Ifcor, Brno, Czechia3University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia4Laboratory Spadia, Brno, Czechia5University Hospital sv. Anna, Brno, Czechia6Laboratory Bio-Plus, Brno, Czechia7Hospital Ceska Lipa, Ceska Lipa, Czechia8Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia9Hospital Havlickuv Brod, Havlickuv Brod, Czechia10University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia11Laboratory Privatni mikrobiologicka laborator, Hradec Kralove, Czechia12Laboratory Dia-Gon MP, Cheb, Czechia13Laboratory Synlab, Chomutov, Czechia14Hospital Chrudim, Chrudim, Czechia15Hospital Jicin, Jicin, Czechia16Hospital Jihlava, Jihlava, Czechia17Hospital Jindrichuv Hradec, Jindrichuv Hradec, Czechia18Hospital Karlovy Vary, Karlovy Vary, Czechia19Hospital Kladno, Kladno, Czechia20Hospital Klatovy, Klatovy, Czechia21Hospital Kolin, Kolin, Czechia22Hospital Kromeriz, Kromeriz, Czechia23Hospital Kyjov, Kyjov, Czechia24Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czechia25Hospital Litomysl, Litomysl, Czechia26Hospital Mlada Boleslav, Mlada Boleslav, Czechia27Hospital Most, Most, Czechia28Hospital Nachod, Nachod, Czechia29Hospital Nove Mesto na Morave, Nove Mesto na Morav, Czechia30Laboratory Agel, Novy Jicin, Czechia31University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia32Hospital Opava, Opava, Czechia33Laboratory Spadia, Ostrava, Czechia34Laboratory Agel, Ostrava, Czechia35Institute for Public Health, Ostrava, Czechia36Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia37Hospital Pisek, Pisek, Czechia38Hospital PRIVAMED, Plzen, Czechia39University Hospital Pilsen, Plzen, Czechia40General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia41Hospital Na Homolce, Prague, Czechia42IKEM, Prague, Czechia43Laboratory Ceska laboratorni, Prague, Czechia44Laboratory CityLab, Prague, Czechia45Laboratory Spadia, Prague, Czechia46Laboratory Synlab, Prague, Czechia47Military University Hospital, Prague, Czechia48'National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health', Prague, Czechia49Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czechia50University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czechia51University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia52University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia53Hospital Pribram, Pribram, Czechia54AGEL Hospital Prostejov, Prostejov, Czechia55Laboratory Agel, Sternberk, Czechia56Hospital Strakonice, Strakonice, Czechia57Hospital Sumperk, Sumperk, Czechia58Hospital Tabor, Tabor, Czechia59Hospital Trebic, Trebic, Czechia60Laboratory Agel, Trinec, Czechia61Hospital Trutnov, Trutnov, Czechia62Hospital Uherske Hradiste, Uherske Hradiste, Czechia63Laboratory Ifcor, Uherske Hradiste, Czechia64Masaryk Hospital Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czechia65Usti nad Orlici Hospital, Usti nad Orlici, Czechia66Hospital Vsetin, Vsetin, Czechia67Hospital Vyskov, Vyskov, Czechia68Bata's Hospital, Zlin, Czechia69Hospital Znojmo, Znojmo, Czechia
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Altered cholesterol, oxysterol, sphingolipid, and fatty acid concentrations are reported in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and are linked to disease progression and treatment responses. CD4+ T cells are pathogenic in RRMS, and defective T cell function could be mediated in part by liver X receptors (LXRs) - nuclear receptors that regulate lipid homeostasis and immunity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified that genes within the ‘lipid metabolism’ and ‘signalling of nuclear receptors’ pathways were dysregulated in CD4+ T cells isolated from RRMS patients compared with healthy donors. While LXRB and genes associated with cholesterol metabolism were upregulated, other T cell LXR-target genes, including genes involved in cellular lipid uptake (inducible degrader of the LDL receptor, IDOL), and the rate-limiting enzyme for glycosphingolipid biosynthesis (UDP-glucosylceramide synthase, UGCG) were downregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS compared to healthy donors. Correspondingly, plasma membrane glycosphingolipids were reduced, and cholesterol levels increased in RRMS CD4+ T cells, an effect partially recapitulated in healthy T cells by in vitro culture with T cell receptor stimulation in the presence of serum from RRMS patients. Notably, stimulation with LXR-agonist GW3965 normalised membrane cholesterol levels, and reduced proliferation and IL17 cytokine production in RRMS CD4+ T-cells. Thus, LXR-mediated lipid metabolism pathways were dysregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS and could contribute to RRMS pathogenesis. Therapies that modify lipid metabolism could help restore immune cell function.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedD'souza, B., Glover, A., Bavor, C., Brown, B., Dodd, R. H., Lee, J. C., Millar, J., Miller, J. A., Zalcberg, J. R., Serpell, J., Ioannou, L. J., Nickel, B.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the perceptions of patients with thyroid cancer on the potential impact of diagnosis and treatment delays during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignThis study involved qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, analysed using the thematic framework analysis method and reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. SettingParticipants in the study were treated and/or managed at hospital sites across New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Participants17 patients with thyroid cancer were interviewed and included in the analysis (14 females and 3 males). ResultsThe delays experienced by patients ranged from 12 months. The patients reported about delays to diagnostic tests, delays to surgery and radioactive iodine treatment, perceived disease progression and, for some, the financial burden of choosing to go through private treatment to minimise the delay. Most patients also reported not wanting to experience delays any longer than they did, due to unease and anxiety. ConclusionsThis study highlights an increased psychological burden in patients with thyroid cancer who experienced delayed diagnosis and/or treatment during COVID-19. The impacts experienced by patients during this time may be similar in the case of other unexpected delays and highlight the need for regular clinical review during delays to diagnosis or treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJanko, M. M., Araujo, A. L., Ascencio, E. J., Guedes, G. R., Vasco, L. E., Santos, R. O., Damasceno, C. P., Medrano, P. G., Chacon-Uscamaita, P. R., Gunderson, A. K., OMalley, S., Kansara, P. H., Narvaez, M. B., Coombes, C., Pizzitutti, F., Salmon-Mulanovich, G., Zaitchik, B. F., Mena, C. F., Lescano, A. G., Barbieri, A. F., Pan, W. K.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
IntroductionUnderstanding human mobility’s role in malaria transmission is critical to successful control and elimination. However, common approaches to measuring mobility are ill-equipped for remote regions such as the Amazon. This study develops a network survey to quantify the effect of community connectivity and mobility on malaria transmission. MethodsWe measure community connectivity across the study area using a respondent driven sampling design among key informants who are at least 18 years of age. 45 initial communities will be selected: 10 in Brazil, 10 in Ecuador and 25 in Peru. Participants will be recruited in each initial node and administered a survey to obtain data on each community’s mobility patterns. Survey responses will be ranked and the 2–3 most connected communities will then be selected and surveyed. This process will be repeated for a third round of data collection. Community network matrices will be linked with each country’s malaria surveillance system to test the effects of mobility on disease risk. Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the institutional review boards of Duke University (USA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (Peru) and Universidade Federal Minas Gerais (Brazil). Results will be disseminated in communities by the end of the study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorimoto, T., Morikawa, T., Imura, H., Nezu, M., Hamazaki, K., Sakuma, M., Chaumont, A., Moitinho de Almeida, M., Moreno, V. P., Ho, Y., Harrington, L., Matsuki, T., Nakamura, T.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
IntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a causative virus for the common cold worldwide and can result in hospitalisations and even death in patients with high-risk conditions and older adults. However, the relationship between RSV or other incidental respiratory infections and acute exacerbations of underlying conditions has not been well investigated. The primary objective of this study is to estimate RSV prevalence, risk factors for adverse outcomes or hospitalisation and their effect on the hospital course of patients with acute respiratory symptoms admitted from emergency departments. Furthermore, we evaluate the prevalence of other respiratory viruses associated with respiratory symptoms. Methods and analysisWe are conducting a multicentre prospective cohort study in Japan. We plan to enrol 3000 consecutive patients admitted from emergency departments with acute respiratory symptoms or signs from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. A nasopharyngeal swab is obtained within 24 hours of admission and the prevalence of RSV and other respiratory viruses is measured using the FilmArray Respiratory 2.1 panel. Paired serum samples are collected from patients with suspected lower respiratory infections to measure RSV antibodies at admission and 30 days later. Information on patients’ hospital course is retrieved from the electronic medical records at discharge, death or 30 days after admission. Furthermore, information on readmission to the hospital and all-cause mortality is collected 180 days after admission. We assess the differences in clinical outcomes between patients with RSV or other respiratory viruses and those without, adjusting for baseline characteristics. Clinical outcomes include in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, disease progression, laboratory tests and management of respiratory symptoms or underlying conditions. Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of participating hospitals. Our study reports will be published in academic journals as well as international meetings. Trial registration numberNCT05913700.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhenyu NieFengge ZhaiHan ZhangHaixue ZhengJingjing Peia State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Chinab Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, Chinac College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
Virulence, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Hozaifa MetwallyMaha M. ElbrashyTatsuhiko OzawaKazuki OkuyamaJason T. WhiteJanyerkye TulyeuJonas Nørskov SøndergaardJames Badger WingArisa MuratsuHisatake MatsumotoMasahito IkawaHiroyuki KishiIchiro TaniuchiTadamitsu KishimotoaLaboratory of Immune Regulation, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanbBiochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza P.O. 12622, EgyptcDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, JapandLaboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, JapaneLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanfHuman Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, JapangLaboratory of Human Single Cell Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanhDepartment of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, JapaniResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedÖzge Çaydaşı, Eyüp Arslan, Esra Adıyeke, Taha Yusuf Kuzan, Fatma Yılmaz Karadağ, Derya Öztürk Engin
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Analía BurgueñoMarta GiovanettiVagner FonsecaNoelia MorelMauricio LimaEmerson CastroNatália R. GuimarãesFelipe C. M. IaniVictoria BormidaMaria Noel CortinasViviana RamasLeticia CoppolaAna I. BentoLeticia FrancoJairo Mendez RicoJosé LourençoLuiz Carlos Junior AlcantaraHector Chiparellia Laboratorio de Virus Emergentes/reemergentes. Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública Montevideo, Uruguayb Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italyc Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazild Climate Amplified Diseases And Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazile Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Salvador, Brazilf Coordenação de Vigilância, Preparação e Resposta à Emergências e Desastres (PHE), Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde / Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS), Brasilia, Brazilg Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazilh Laboratorio de Genómica Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguayi Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorios, Unidad de Virología. Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguayj Pandemic Prevention Initiative, The Rockefeller Foundation, Washington, DC, USAk Infectious Hazards Management, Health Emergencies Department (PHE), Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Washington DC, USAl Faculty of Medicine, Católica Biomedical Research Center, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugalm Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Portugaln Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Unidad de Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
International Journal for Parasitology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Barbora Vomáčková Kykalová, Fabiana Sassù, Felipe Dutra Rêgo, Rodrigo Pedro Soares, Petr Volf, Erich Loza Telleria
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQingyuan Sun, Jinyang Gao, Ran An, Menggeer Wang, Yanqing Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Marjolaine Destremau, Hélène Chaussade, Victor Hemar, Mathilde Beguet, Pantxika Bellecave, Elodie Blanchard, Amaury Barret, Gaelle Laboure, Claire Vasco‐Moynet, Flore Lacassin, Eloïse Morisse, Claire Aguilar, Xavier Lafarge, Marie‐Edith Lafon, Fabrice Bonnet, Nahéma Issa, Fabrice Camou
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is an opportunistic fungus that causes severe central nervous system (CNS) disease in immunocompromised individuals. Brain parenchyma invasion requires fungal traversal of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we describe that Cn alters the brain endothelium by activating small GTPase RhoA, causing reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction modulation to regulate endothelial barrier permeability. We confirm that the main fungal capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan is responsible for these alterations. We reveal a therapeutic benefit of RhoA inhibition by CCG-1423 in vivo. RhoA inhibition prolonged survival and reduced fungal burden in a murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis, supporting the therapeutic potential targeting RhoA in the context of cryptococcal infection. We examine the complex virulence of Cn in establishing CNS disease, describing cellular components of the brain endothelium that may serve as molecular targets for future antifungal therapies to alleviate the burden of life-threatening cryptococcal CNS infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEskild Petersen, Ziad A Memish, David S Hui, Alessandra Scagliarini, Lone Simonsen, Edgar Simulundu, Jennifer Bloodgood, Lucille Blumberg, Shui- Shan Lee, Alimuddin Zumla
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Michelle L. Gatton, David Smith, Cielo Pasay, Karen Anderson, Selam Mihreteab, Hugo O. Valdivia, Juan F. Sanchez, Khalid B. Beshir, Jane Cunningham, Qin Cheng
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
The emergence of mutant Plasmodium falciparum parasites with pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions poses a major threat to the utility of histidine rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), the mainstay diagnostic tool for detecting falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. These gene-deleted parasites do not express HRP2/3 and are therefore undetectable by HRP2-based RDTs leading to false-negative results. Mutant parasites have now been reported from 40 of the 47 countries where investigations have been conducted [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadine Glaser, Sophie Diexer, Bianca Klee, Dr. Oliver Purschke, Prof. Dr. med. Mascha Binder, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Frese, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Girndt, PD Dr. med. Jessica Höll, Dr. Irene Moor, Prof. Dr. med. Jonas Rosendahl, Prof. Dr. med. Michael Gekle, Prof. Dr. med. Daniel Sedding, Prof. Dr. med. Rafael Mikolajczyk, Dr. Cornelia Gottschick
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
At the beginning of September 2022, three years after the detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 case, the World Health Organization (WHO) globally had registered over 600 million confirmed cases and over 6.4 million deaths due to an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. By the end of the winter season in March 2023 those numbers had risen to over 761 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths [2]. Our World in Data reported an even higher number of deaths of 8.6 million [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB). Methods Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively. Results After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%. Conclusion miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum. Systematic review registration PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Severe malaria is not routinely considered when evaluating a febrile patient in the postoperative setting. Common bacterial infections, along with adverse drug reactions, are the usual differential concerns. We present a case of severe malaria emerging unexpectedly eight days after routine craniotomy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background African giant pouched rats, trained by Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), have demonstrated their ability to detect tuberculosis (TB) from sputum. We assessed rat-based case detection and compared the mycobacterium bacillary load (MTB-load) in children versus adults. Methods From January–December 2022, samples were collected prospectively from 69 Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) facilities’ presumed TB patients. Using an average of five rats, APOPO re-evaluated patients with bacteriologically negative (sputum-smear microscopy or Xpert MTB/RIF) results. Rat-positive samples were tested using concentrated smear light-emitting diode microscopy to confirm TB detection before treatment initiation. The rats’ identification of pulmonary TB is based on smelling TB-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sputum. Using STATA, Chi-square for odds ratio and confidence interval was calculated and evaluated: (1) the yield of rat-based TB detection compared to that of the health facilities; (2) rat-based TB detection in children versus adults; and (3) rats’ ability to detect TB across MTB-loads and between children and adults. Results From 35,766 patients, 5.3% (1900/35,766) were smear-positive and 94.7% (33,866/35,766) were smear or Xpert-negatives at DOTS facility. Of those with negative results, 2029 TB cases were detected using rats, contributing to 52% (2029/3929 of total TB identified), which otherwise would have been missed. Compared to DOT facilities, rats were six-fold more likely to detect TB among Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) 1+/scanty [90% (1829/2029) versus 60% (1139/1900), odds ratio, OR = 6.11, 95% confidence interval, CI: 5.14–7.26]; twice more likely to identify TB cases among children [71% (91/129) versus 51% (1795/3542), OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.59–3.42]; and twice more likely to identify TB cases among children with AFB 1+/scanty than adults with the same MTB-load [5% (86/1703) versus 3% (28/1067), OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.28–3.03]. Conclusions Rats contributed over half of the TB cases identified in program settings, and children, especially those with a lower MTB-load, were more likely to be diagnosed with TB by rats. The chemical signatures, VOCs, were only available for adults, and further research describing the characteristics of VOCs in children versus adults may pave the way to enhance TB diagnosis in children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a major public health issue worldwide. It can lead to cervicitis, urethritis, and infertility. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of genital C. trachomatis infection among women attending to the infertility and gynecology clinics. Methods Endocervical swabs were collected from 8,221 women for C. trachomatis nucleotide screening and genotyping, while serum samples were collected for C. trachomatis pgp3 antibody determination using luciferase immunosorbent assays. Results High C. trachomatis DNA prevalence (3.76%) and seroprevalence (47.46%) rates were found, with genotype E (27.5%) being the most prevalent. C. trachomatis omp1 sense mutation was associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (odds ratio [OR] = 6.033, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.219–39.185, p = 0.045). No significant differences in C. trachomatis seroprevalence rates were observed between women with detectable C. trachomatis DNA in the infertility and routine physical examination groups (86.67% vs. 95%, p > 0.05); however, among women with negative C. trachomatis DNA, the former group had a markedly higher seroprevalence than the latter group (56.74% vs. 20.17%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease with confirmed cases and deaths in several parts of the world. In light of this crisis, this study aims to analyze the global knowledge pattern of monkeypox-related patents and explore current trends and future technical directions in the medical development of monkeypox to inform research and policy. Methods A comprehensive study of 1,791 monkeypox-related patents worldwide was conducted using the Derwent patent database by descriptive statistics, social network method and linear regression analysis. Results Since the 21st century, the number of monkeypox-related patents has increased rapidly, accompanied by increases in collaboration between commercial and academic patentees. Enterprises contributed the most in patent quantity, whereas the initial milestone patent was filed by academia. The core developments of technology related to the monkeypox include biological and chemical medicine. The innovations of vaccines and virus testing lack sufficient patent support in portfolios. Conclusions Monkeypox-related therapeutic innovation is geographically limited with strong international intellectual property right barriers though it has increased rapidly in recent years. The transparent licensing of patent knowledge is driven by the merger and acquisition model, and the venture capital, intellectual property and contract research organization model. Currently, the patent thicket phenomenon in the monkeypox field may slow the progress of efforts to combat monkeypox. Enterprises should pay more attention to the sharing of technical knowledge, make full use of drug repurposing strategies, and promote innovation of monkeypox-related technology in hotspots of antivirals (such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir), vaccines (JYNNEOS, ACAM2000), herbal medicine and gene therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, but the burden remains high, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, global incident LRI cases and mortality attributable to influenza and RSV declined substantially. Expanding access to health-care services and vaccines, including S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and novel RSV vaccines, along with new low-cost interventions against S aureus, could mitigate the LRI burden and prevent transmission of LRI-causing pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background In 2020, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) pertussis case definition was modified; the main change was classifying PCR-positive cases as confirmed, regardless of cough duration. Pertussis data reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) in seven sites and the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) were used to evaluate the impact of the new case definition.Methods We compared the number of EPS cases with cough onset in 2020 to the number that would have been reported based on the prior (2014) CSTE case definition. To assess the impact of the change nationally, the proportion of EPS cases newly reportable under the 2020 CSTE case definition was applied to 2020 NNDSS data to estimate how many additional cases were captured nationally.Results Among 442 confirmed and probable cases reported to EPS states in 2020, 42 (9.5%) were newly reportable according to the 2020 case definition. Applying this proportion to the 6,124 confirmed and probable cases reported nationally in 2020, we estimated that the new definition added 582 cases. Had the case definition not changed, reported cases in 2020 would have decreased by 70% from 2019; the observed decrease was 67%.Conclusions Despite a substantial decrease in reported pertussis cases in the setting of COVID-19, our data show that the 2020 pertussis case definition change resulted in additional case reporting compared with the previous case definition, providing greater opportunities for public health interventions such as prophylaxis of close contacts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Body weight is influenced by an interplay of individual and environmental factors. In people with HIV (PWH), weight is also influenced by disease status with loss accompanying disease progression that is reversed with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Weight changes in comparative ART trials differ by regimen, with greater gains observed with the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) dolutegravir and bictegravir, particularly when co-administered with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), compared to regimens that include agents such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) that attenuate weight gain. We review weight changes in major randomized trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and initial and switch HIV therapy, highlighting the challenges to assessing the role of ART in weight change. This examination forms the basis for a model that questions assumptions regarding an association between INSTI and TAF and excessive weight gain and calls for more careful consideration of these data when making HIV treatment decisions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Lara Lovelace-MaconSarah M. BakerDeirdre DuckenSudeshna SealGuilhem RerolleDiane TomitaKelly D. SmithSandra SchwarzT. Eoin West1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA2Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA3Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA4Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany5Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Victor J. Torres
Infection and Immunity, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Hanna Helena SchalkwijkNeesha Rajesh ShewakramaniKalyan DasGraciela AndreiRobert Snoeck1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Osoul Chouchane, Alex R. Schuurman, Tom D. Y. Reijnders, Hessel Peters-Sengers, Joe M. Butler, Fabrice Uhel, Marcus J. Schultz, Marc J. Bonten, Olaf L. Cremer, Carolyn S. Calfee, Michael A. Matthay, Raymond J. Langley, Narges Alipanah-Lechner, Stephen F. Kingsmore, Angela Rogers, Michel van Weeghel, Frédéric M. Vaz, Tom van der Poll
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 8, Page 973-986, April 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlice Atramont, Guillaume L. Martin, Mervyn Singer, Ayden Tajahmady, Emin Agamaliyev, Michael O. Harhay, Marc Leone, Matthieu Legrand
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 8, Page 1019-1022, April 15, 2024.
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