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Søgeord (influenza) valgt.
34 emner vises.
Immunity, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 25 April 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Rashmi Ray, Faez Amokrane Nait Mohamed, Daniel P. Maurer, Jiachen Huang, Berk A. Alpay, Larance Ronsard, Zhenfei Xie, Julianna Han, Monica Fernandez-Quintero, Quynh Anh Phan, Rebecca L. Ursin, Mya Vu, Kathrin H. Kirsch, Thavaleak Prum, Victoria C. Rosado, Thalia Bracamonte-Moreno, Vintus Okonkwo, Julia Bals, Caitlin McCarthy, Usha Nair
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Abstract Background This retrospective study focused on analyzing community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections, in particular human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) in adults recipients. It aimed to assess the impact of ribavirin treatment, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) progression and all-cause mortality. Patients and methods The study included 230 allo-SCT recipients diagnosed with hPIV between December 2013 and June 2023. Risk factors for the development of LRTD, disease severity, and mortality were analyzed. Ribavirin treatment was administered at physician discretion in 61 out of 230 cases (27%). Results Risk factors for LRTD progression in multivariate analysis were corticosteroids > 30 mg/day (Odds ratio (OR) 3.5, 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 1.3–9.4, p = 0.013), fever at the time of hPIV detection (OR 3.89, 95% C.I. 1.84–8.2, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Publication date: September 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling, Volume 9, Issue 3 Author(s): Carlos Andreu-Vilarroig, Rafael J. Villanueva, Gilberto González-Parra
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background This retrospective study focused on analyzing community-acquired respiratory virus (CARV) infections, in particular human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) after allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) in adults recipients. It aimed to assess the impact of ribavirin treatment, clinical characteristics, and risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) progression and all-cause mortality. Patients and methods The study included 230 allo-SCT recipients diagnosed with hPIV between December 2013 and June 2023. Risk factors for the development of LRTD, disease severity, and mortality were analyzed. Ribavirin treatment was administered at physician discretion in 61 out of 230 cases (27%). Results Risk factors for LRTD progression in multivariate analysis were corticosteroids > 30 mg/day (Odds ratio (OR) 3.5, 95% Confidence Interval (C.I.) 1.3–9.4, p = 0.013), fever at the time of hPIV detection (OR 3.89, 95% C.I. 1.84–8.2, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract During pandemics, healthcare providers struggle with balancing obligations to self, family, and patients. While HIV/AIDS seemed to settle this issue, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rekindled debates regarding treatment refusal. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science using terms including obligation, refusal, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and pandemics. After duplicate removal and dual, independent screening, we analyzed 156 articles for quality, ethical position, reasons, and concepts. Diseases in our sample included HIV/AIDS (72.2%), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (10.2%), COVID-19 (10.2%), Ebola (7.0%), and influenza (7.0%). Most articles (81.9%, n = 128) indicated an obligation to treat. COVID-19 had the highest number of papers indicating ethical acceptability of refusal (60%, P < .001), while HIV had the least (13.3%, P = .026). Several reason domains were significantly different during COVID-19, including unreasonable risks to self/family (26.7%, P < .001) and labor rights/workers\' protection (40%, P < .001). A surge in ethics literature during COVID-19 has advocated for permissibility of treatment refusal. Balancing healthcare provision with workforce protection is crucial in effectively responding to a global pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Methods We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, between March 2006 to July 2021.Results A total of 2,548 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis were evaluated. Otitis was present in 696 episodes (27%). In these patients the primary causative pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (615 of 696 [88%]), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (5%) and Haemophilus influenzae (4%). In 519 of 632 otitis episodes (82%) an ear-nose-throat specialist was consulted, and surgery was performed in 287 of 519 (55%). The types of surgery performed were myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in 110 of 287 episodes (38%), mastoidectomy in 103 of 287 (36%) and myringotomy alone in 74 of 287 (26%). Unfavorable outcome occurred in 210 of 696 episodes (30%) and in 65 of 696 episodes was fatal (9%). Otitis was associated with a favorable outcome in a multivariable analysis (odds ratio 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.92; p =0.008). There was no association between outcome and ear surgery.Conclusions Otitis is a common focus of infection in community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, with S. pneumoniae being the most common causative pathogen. Presence of otitis is associated with a favorable outcome. Ear surgery’s impact on the outcome of otogenic meningitis patients remains uncertain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward, Leigh M.; Grijalva, Carlos G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes. Recent findings While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses. Summary Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Influenza-like illness (ILI) imposes a significant burden on patients, employers and society. However, there is no analysis and prediction at the hospital level in Chongqing. We aimed to characterize the seasonality of ILI, examine age heterogeneity in visits, and predict ILI peaks and assess whether they affect hospital operations. Methods The multiplicative decomposition model was employed to decompose the trend and seasonality of ILI, and the Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX) model was used for the trend and short-term prediction of ILI. We used Grid Search and Akaike information criterion (AIC) to calibrate and verify the optimal hyperparameters, and verified the residuals of the multiplicative decomposition and SARIMAX model, which are both white noise. Results During the 12-year study period, ILI showed a continuous upward trend, peaking in winter (Dec. - Jan.) and a small spike in May-June in the 2–4-year-old high-risk group for severe disease. The mean length of stay (LOS) in ILI peaked around summer (about Aug.), and the LOS in the 0–1 and ≥ 65 years old severely high-risk group was more irregular than the others. We found some anomalies in the predictive analysis of the test set, which were basically consistent with the dynamic zero-COVID policy at the time. Conclusion The ILI patient visits showed a clear cyclical and seasonal pattern. ILI prevention and control activities can be conducted seasonally on an annual basis, and age heterogeneity should be considered in the health resource planning. Targeted immunization policies are essential to mitigate potential pandemic threats. The SARIMAX model has good short-term forecasting ability and accuracy. It can help explore the epidemiological characteristics of ILI and provide an early warning and decision-making basis for the allocation of medical resources related to ILI visits.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Vaccination is effective in preventing viral respiratory infectious diseases through protective antibodies and the gut microbiome has been proven to regulate human immunity. This study explores the causal correlations between gut microbial features and serum-specific antiviral immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Methods We conduct a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to explore the causal relationships between 412 gut microbial features and four antiviral IgG (for influenza A, measles, rubella, and mumps) levels. To make the results more reliable, we used four robust methods and performed comprehensive sensitivity analyses. Results The MR analyses revealed 26, 13, 20, and 18 causal associations of the gut microbial features influencing four IgG levels separately. Interestingly, ten microbial features, like genus Collinsella, species Bifidobacterium longum, and the biosynthesis of L-alanine have shown the capacity to regulate multiple IgG levels with consistent direction (rise or fall). The reverse MR analysis suggested several potential causal associations of IgG levels affecting microbial features. Conclusions The human immune response against viral respiratory infectious diseases could be modulated by changing the abundance of gut microbes, which provided new approaches for the intervention of viral respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatricia Monzó-Gallo, Carlos Lopera, Ana M Badía-Tejero, Marina Machado, Julio García-Rodríguez, Pablo Vidal-Cortés, Esperanza Merino, Jorge Calderón, Jesús Fortún, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Javier Pemán, Joan Roig Sanchis, Manuela Aguilar-Guisado, Carlota Gudiol, Juan C Ramos, Isabel Sánchez-Romero, Pilar Martin-Davila, Luis E. López-Cortés, Miguel Salavert, Isabel Ruiz-Camps, Mariana Chumbita, Tommaso Francesco Aiello, Olivier Peyrony, Pedro Puerta-Alcalde, Alex Soriano, Francesc Marco, Carolina Garcia-Vidal
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
There is a notable change in the profile of patients with invasive fungal infections (IFI): there has been a progressive rise of such infections in non-neutropenic population (i.e., COVID-19, influenza, biologic agents, corticosteroids, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD] or cirrhosis) [1–3]. However, information concerning the management of non-neutropenic patients with IFI remains limited. Caution should be exercised before these patients are treated like those who are neutropenic, given a considerable variability in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of IFI [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMay, F., Ginige, S., Firman, E., Li, Y. S., Soonarane, Y. K., Smoll, N., Hunter, I., Pery, B., Macfarlane, B., Bladen, T., Allen, T., Green, T., Walker, J., Slinko, V., Stickley, M., Khandaker, G., Anuradha, S., Wattiaux, A.
BMJ Open, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
ObjectiveThe 2022 Australian winter was the first time that COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were circulating in the population together, after two winters of physical distancing, quarantine and borders closed to international travellers. We developed a novel surveillance system to estimate the incidence of COVID-19, influenza and RSV in three regions of Queensland, Australia. DesignWe implemented a longitudinal testing-based sentinel surveillance programme. Participants were provided with self-collection nasal swabs to be dropped off at a safe location at their workplace each week. Swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR. Symptomatic participants attended COVID-19 respiratory clinics to be tested by multiplex PCR for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A and B and RSV. Rapid antigen test (RAT) results reported by participants were included in the analysis. Setting and participantsBetween 4 April 2022 and 3 October 2022, 578 adults were recruited via their workplace. Due to rolling recruitment, withdrawals and completion due to positive COVID-19 results, the maximum number enrolled in any week was 423 people. ResultsA total of 4290 tests were included. Participation rates varied across the period ranging from 25.9% to 72.1% of enrolled participants. The total positivity of COVID-19 was 3.3%, with few influenza or RSV cases detected. Widespread use of RAT may have resulted in few symptomatic participants attending respiratory clinics. The weekly positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 detected during the programme correlated with the incidence of notified cases in the corresponding communities. ConclusionThis testing-based surveillance programme could estimate disease trends and be a useful tool in settings where testing is less common or accessible. Difficulties with recruitment meant the study was underpowered. The frontline sentinel nature of workplaces meant participants were not representative of the general population but were high-risk groups providing early warning of disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), a significant global health concern, imposes a substantial disease burden. In China, there is inadequate data concerning the monitoring of respiratory pathogens, particularly bacteria, among patients with SARI. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the demographic, epidemiological, and aetiological characteristics of hospitalised SARI patients in Central China between 2018 and 2020. Methods Eligible patients with SARI admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Within the first 24 h of admission, respiratory (including sputum, nasal/throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thoracocentesis fluid, etc.), urine, and peripheral blood specimens were collected for viral and bacterial testing. A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic approach was used to identify human influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus. Bacterial cultures of respiratory specimens were performed with a particular focus on pathogenic microorganisms, including S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Strep A, H. influenzae, A. baumannii, and E. coli. In cases where bacterial culture results were negative, nucleic acid extraction was performed for PCR to assay for the above-mentioned eight bacteria, as well as L. pneumophila and M. pneumoniae. Additionally, urine specimens were exclusively used to detect Legionella antigens. Furthermore, epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results The study encompassed 1266 patients, with a mean age of 54 years, among whom 61.6% (780/1266) were males, 61.4% (778/1266) were farmers, and 88.8% (1124/1266) sought medical treatment in 2020. Moreover, 80.3% (1017/1266) were housed in general wards. The most common respiratory symptoms included fever (86.8%, 1122/1266) and cough (77.8%, 986/1266). Chest imaging anomalies were detected in 62.6% (792/1266) of cases, and 58.1% (736/1266) exhibited at least one respiratory pathogen, with 28.5% (361/1266) having multiple infections. Additionally, 95.7% (1212/1266) of the patients were from Henan Province, with the highest proportion (38.3%, 486/1266) falling in the 61–80 years age bracket, predominantly (79.8%, 1010/1266) seeking medical aid in summer and autumn. Bacterial detection rate (39.0%, 495/1266) was higher than viral detection rate (36.9%, 468/1266), with the primary pathogens being influenza virus (13.8%, 175/1266), K. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), S. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), adenovirus (8.2%, 105/1266), P. aeruginosa (8.2%, 105/1266), M. pneumoniae (7.8%, 100/1266), and respiratory syncytial virus (7.7%, 98/1266). During spring and winter, there was a significant prevalence of influenza virus and human coronavirus, contrasting with the dominance of parainfluenza viruses in summer and autumn. Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus exhibited higher prevalence across spring, summer, and winter. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae were identified at similar rates throughout all seasons without distinct spikes in prevalence. However, S. pneumoniae showed a distinctive pattern with a prevalence that doubled during summer and winter. Moreover, the positive detection rates of various other viruses and bacteria were lower, displaying a comparatively erratic prevalence trend. Among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the predominant nosocomial bacteria were K. pneumoniae (17.2%, 43/249), A. baumannii (13.6%, 34/249), and P. aeruginosa (12.4%, 31/249). Conversely, in patients from general wards, predominant pathogens included influenza virus (14.8%, 151/1017), S. pneumoniae (10.4%, 106/1017), and adenovirus (9.3%, 95/1017). Additionally, paediatric patients exhibited significantly higher positive detection rates for influenza virus (23.9%, 11/46) and M. pneumoniae (32.6%, 15/46) compared to adults and the elderly. Furthermore, adenovirus (10.0%, 67/669) and rhinovirus (6.4%, 43/669) were the primary pathogens in adults, while K. pneumoniae (11.8%, 65/551) and A. baumannii (7.1%, 39/551) prevailed among the elderly, indicating significant differences among the three age groups. Discussion In Central China, among patients with SARI, the prevailing viruses included influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Among bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and M. pneumoniae were frequently identified, with multiple infections being very common. Additionally, there were substantial variations in the pathogen spectrum compositions concerning wards and age groups among patients. Consequently, this study holds promise in offering insights to the government for developing strategies aimed at preventing and managing respiratory infectious diseases effectively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 21.04.2024
Tilføjet 21.04.2024
People who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 had a 25% higher risk of later being diagnosed with an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD) after infection than those who weren’t infected, according to a large cohort study that included more than 22 million participants in Japan and South Korea. They also had a 30% greater risk of developing AIRD, such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, compared with people who had influenza, the researchers reported in the Annals of Internal Medicine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJimin Yoon, Yu Meng Zhang, Cheenou Her, Robert A. Grant, Anna I. Ponomarenko, Bryce E. Ackermann, Tiffani Hui, Yu-Shan Lin, Galia T. Debelouchina, Matthew D. Shoulders
Science Advances, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Sabrina L Jin, Jessica Kolis, Jessica Parker, Dylan A Proctor, Dimitri Prybylski, Claire Wardle, Neetu Abad, Kathryn A Brookmeyer, Christopher Voegeli, Howard Chiou
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Recognition of misinformation as a public health threat and interest in infodemics, defined as an inundation of information accompanying an epidemic or acute health event, have increased worldwide. However, scientists have no consensus on how to best define and identify misinformation and other essential characteristics of infodemics. We conducted a narrative review of secondary historical sources to examine previous infodemics in relation to four infectious diseases associated with pandemics (ie, smallpox, cholera, 1918 influenza, and HIV) and challenge the assumption that misinformation is a new phenomenon associated with increased use of social media or with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDong‐Hwi Kim, Jae‐Hyeong Kim, Kyu‐Beom Lim, Joong‐Bok Lee, Seung‐Yong Park, Chang‐Seon Song, Sang‐Won Lee, Dong‐Hun Lee, In‐Soo Choi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in health care workers (HCWs) can result in morbidity and mortality and cause significant disruptions to health care services, patients and visitors as well as an added burden on the health system. This scoping review is aimed to describe the epidemiology of VPD outbreaks in HCW, caused by diseases which are prevented by the ten vaccines recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) for HCWs.Methods In April 2022 CINAHL, MEDLINE, Global Health and EMBASE were searched for all articles reporting on VPD outbreaks in HCWs since the year 2000. Articles were included regardless of language and study type. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VPD outbreaks were described.Results Our search found 9363 articles, of which 216 met inclusion criteria. Studies describing six of the ten VPDs were found: influenza, measles, varicella, tuberculosis, pertussis and rubella. Most articles (93%) were from high- and upper middle-income countries. While most outbreaks occurred in hospitals, several influenza outbreaks were reported in long term care facilities. Based on available data, vaccination rates amongst HCWs were rarely reported.Conclusion We describe several VPD outbreaks in HCWs from 2000 to April 2022. The review emphasises the need to understand the factors influencing outbreaks in HCWs and highlight importance of vaccination amongst HCWs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJurre Y. SiegersMichelle WilleSokhoun YannSongha TokSarath SinSokha CheaAlice PorcoSreyem SoursVutha ChimSamban CheaKimtuo ChhelSothyra TumSan SornMakara HakPeter ThielenVijaykrishna DhanasekaranErik A. Karlssona Virology Unit, Institute Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodiab Centre for Pathogen Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australiac WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australiad Wildlife Conservation Society, Phnom Penh, Cambodiae National Animal Health and Production Research Institute, Phnom Penh, Cambodiaf Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Country Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodiag Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USAh School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of Chinai HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Marco Del Riccio, Saverio Caini, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Chiara Lorini, John Paget, Koos van der Velden, Adam Meijer, Mendel Haag, Ian McGovern, Patrizio Zanobini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has undeniably reshaped life on a global scale. As infection rates and fatalities surged to historic proportions, initial strategies to combat the crisis revolved around non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as the use of facemasks, physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns, considering the absence of available vaccines or targeted therapeutics. Characterized by a spectrum of actions spanning individual precautions to broader societal measures, NPIs aimed to curtail the rapid dissemination of the virus [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEskild Petersen, Ziad A Memish, David S Hui, Alessandra Scagliarini, Lone Simonsen, Edgar Simulundu, Jennifer Bloodgood, Lucille Blumberg, Shui- Shan Lee, Alimuddin Zumla
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
GBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, but the burden remains high, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, global incident LRI cases and mortality attributable to influenza and RSV declined substantially. Expanding access to health-care services and vaccines, including S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and novel RSV vaccines, along with new low-cost interventions against S aureus, could mitigate the LRI burden and prevent transmission of LRI-causing pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYaqin BaiHui LeiWenjun SongSang-Chul ShinJiaqi WangBiying XiaoZeynep A. KoçerMin-Suk SongRobert WebsterRichard J. WebbySook-San WongMark Zanina HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinab Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinae Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinaf Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Koreah Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiyei Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Türkiyej Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University Medical School, Chungbuk, Koreak Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Xie, W., Xiao, J., Chen, J., Huang, H., Huang, X., He, S., Xu, L.
BMJ Open, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
IntroductionInfluenza is a major public health threat, and vaccination is the most effective prevention method. However, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal. Low health literacy regarding influenza vaccination may contribute to vaccine hesitancy. This study aims to evaluate the effect of health education interventions on influenza vaccination rates and health literacy. Methods and analysisThis cluster randomised controlled trial will enrol 3036 students in grades 4–5 from 20 primary schools in Dongguan City, China. Schools will be randomised to an intervention group receiving influenza vaccination health education or a control group receiving routine health education. The primary outcome is the influenza vaccination rate. Secondary outcomes include health literacy levels, influenza diagnosis rate, influenza-like illness incidence and vaccine protection rate. Data will be collected through questionnaires, influenza surveillance and self-reports at baseline and study conclusion. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been sought from the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University. Findings from the study will be made accessible to both peer-reviewed journals and key stakeholders. Trial registration numberNCT06048406.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatherine R. LandwehrCaitlyn M. GranlandKelly M. MartinovichNaomi M. ScottElke J. SeppanenLuke BerryDeborah StricklandAlma FulurijaPeter C. RichmondLea-Ann S. Kirkham1Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia2School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia3Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia4Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia5Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia6Department of Immunology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Child and Adolescent Health Service, Perth, Australia, Igor E. Brodsky
Infection and Immunity, 11.04.2024
Tilføjet 11.04.2024
Chongqiang HuangLiangzheng YuYi XuJiamo HuangYibin QinXuan GuoYongfang ZengYifeng QinKang OuyangZuzhang WeiWeijian HuangAdolfo García-SastreYing Chena Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinab Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinac Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinad Guangxi Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinae Guangxi Nongken Yongxin Animal Husbandry Group Co. Ltd., Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinaf Nanning Zhufulai Animal Health Management Co. Ltd., Nanning, People’s Republic of Chinag Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAh Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USAi Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
To the Editor—We read with great interest the results of the analysis by Harteloh et al [1], who concluded that the death rate in The Netherlands from the 1918–1920 Spanish flu was more than twice as high as the death rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020–2022 (ie, 214 vs 98 per 100 000 per year exposure). This is not surprising as the pathogen responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic (ie, influenza virus A/H1N1) was very aggressive, hit a nearly naive population with no prior immunity, and evolved at a time when healthcare and economic resources were extremely limited compared to recent times. To determine whether similar evidence could be replicated in other countries, we used statistics on the total resident population and the number of deaths from the Spanish flu in 1918–1920 [2] and from COVID-19 in 2020 [3] (ie, before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination at the end of December 2020) in Italy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnton ChesnokovAndrei A. IvashchenkoYoko MatsuzakiEmi TakashitaVasiliy P. MishinAlexandre V. IvachtchenkoLarisa V. Gubareva1Influenza Division, NCIRD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA2ChemDiv, San Diego, California, USA3Department of Infectious Diseases, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan4Research Center for Influenza and Respiratory Viruses, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan5AVISA LLC, Hallandale Beach, Florida, USA, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines, but it is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation, and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.Methods Single-centre retrospective study conducted in a French university hospital during 7 epidemic seasons. All patients aged ≥75 years were included.Results 558 patients were included: 125 with RSV and 433 with Influenza. Median age was 84.8 years. RSV patients had more respiratory symptoms (wheezing, dyspnea), whereas Influenza patients had more general symptoms (fever, asthenia, myalgia). Consolidative pneumonia (28.8% vs. 17.2%; p = 0.004), hospitalization rates (83.2% vs. 70%; p = 0.003), ICU admissions (7.2% vs. 3.0%; p = 0.034) and length of stay (9 days [2-16] vs. 5 days [0-12]; p = 0.002), were higher in the RSV group. Mortality rates at day 30 were comparable (RSV 9.6%, Influenza 9.7%; p = 0.973).Conclusions This study included the largest cohort of RSV-infected patients aged over 75, documented in-depth thus far. RSV shares a comparable mortality rate with Influenza but is associated with higher rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, ICU admissions, and extended hospital stays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKosuke Tamura, Reiko Shimbashi, Ayu Kasamatsu, Bin Chang, Kenji Gotoh, Yoshinari Tanabe, Koji Kuronuma, Kengo Oshima, Takaya Maruyama, Masashi Nakamatsu, Shuichi Abe, Kei Kasahara, Junichiro Nishi, Yu Arakawa, Yuki Kinjo, Motoi Suzuki, Yukihiro Akeda, Kazunori Oishi, Adult IPD Study Group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae asymptomatically colonizes the nasopharynx, often causes pneumococcal disease in children and adults, and can enter the bloodstream to cause invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). The most common presentation is bacteremic pneumonia, which accounts for approximately 60% of all adult IPD cases [1]. Adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia have a higher in-hospital mortality rate than those without bacteremia [2]. Therefore, understanding the diverse clinical aspects of pneumococcal infection is crucial for effective management and prevention strategies especially in adult population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Abstract Background Research on influenza burden in adults has focused on crude subgroups with cut-points at 65-years, limiting insight into how burden varies with increasing age. This study describes the incidence of influenza-related outpatient visits, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations, along with healthcare resource use and complications in the aging adult population.Methods Individuals ≥18 years of age in the United States were evaluated retrospectively in five seasonal cohorts (2015–2020 seasons) in strata of age with 5-year increments. Person-level electronic medical records linked to pharmacy and medical claims were used to ascertain patient characteristics and outcomes. Influenza-related medical encounters were identified based on diagnostic codes (ICD-10 codes J09*–J11*).Results Incidence of influenza-related outpatient visits was highest among people aged 18–34 years and declined with increasing age. For ER visits, incidence tended to be elevated for people aged 18–34 years, relatively stable from 35 through 60, and increased rapidly after 60. Hospitalization incidence remained relatively stable until about 50 years of age and then increased with age. One in three patients was diagnosed with pneumonia after hospitalization, regardless of age. Across seasons, age groups, and clinical settings, on average, 40.8% of individuals were prescribed antivirals and 17.2% antibiotics.Conclusions Incidence of influenza-related hospitalizations begins to increase around age 50 rather than the more common cut-point of 65, whereas incidence of outpatient visits was highest among younger adults. Influenza infections frequently led to antiviral and antibiotic prescriptions, underscoring the role influenza vaccination can play in combating antimicrobial resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXin WangFeiyang PuXuanye YangXili FengJiayou ZhangKai DuanXuanxuan NianZhongren MaXiao-Xia MaXiao-Ming Yanga Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Chinab School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Chinac National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Chinad Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd, Wuhan, Chinae China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
New guidance from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provides updated measures to combat respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus. The recommendations come at a time when deaths and hospitalizations from COVID-19 have decreased from the peak of the pandemic and the availability of tools to fight respiratory viruses is greater than ever, the agency noted.
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