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Sararas Khongwirotphan, Sornjarod Oonsiri, Sarin Kitpanit, Anussara Prayongrat, Danita Kannarunimit, Chakkapong Chakkabat, Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul, Sira Sriswasdi, Yothin Rakvongthai
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.02.2024
Tilføjet 12.02.2024
by Sararas Khongwirotphan, Sornjarod Oonsiri, Sarin Kitpanit, Anussara Prayongrat, Danita Kannarunimit, Chakkapong Chakkabat, Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul, Sira Sriswasdi, Yothin Rakvongthai Background The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is challenging due to late-stage identification and frequently undetectable Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA. Incorporating radiomic features, which quantify tumor characteristics from imaging, may enhance prognosis assessment. Purpose To investigate the predictive power of radiomic features on overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in NPC. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of 183 NPC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy from 2010 to 2019 was conducted. All patients were followed for at least three years. The pretreatment CT images with contrast medium, MR images (T1W and T2W), as well as gross tumor volume (GTV) contours, were used to extract radiomic features using PyRadiomics v.2.0. Robust and efficient radiomic features were chosen using the intraclass correlation test and univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. They were then combined with clinical data including age, gender, tumor stage, and EBV DNA level for prognostic evaluation using Cox proportional hazard regression models with recursive feature elimination (RFE) and were optimized using 20 repetitions of a five-fold cross-validation scheme. Results Integrating radiomics with clinical data significantly enhanced the predictive power, yielding a C-index of 0.788 ± 0.066 to 0.848 ± 0.079 for the combined model versus 0.745 ± 0.082 to 0.766 ± 0.083 for clinical data alone (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMu Liu, Chenxu Huang, Xingchen Zhou, Congwei Jiang, Shuai Liu, Ying Gao, Linlin Kuang, Zhangmengxue Lei, Ran Jia, Jin Xu, Patrick Legembre, Xiaozhen Liang
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
M. Lefebvre, L. Gross, R. Ollivier, S. Bailly, M. Coste‐Burel, J. Coutherut, J. Dina
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.12.2023
Tilføjet 19.12.2023
Journal of the American Medical Association, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
Due to a unique immune substrate consisting of abundant lymphocytic infiltration, high programmed death–ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, and the presence of several immune targets (CD40, CD70, CD80, and CD86), there is a strong biological rationale for incorporating immunotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Nonkeratinizing histological subtypes encompass more than 95% of NPC cases in endemic areas, and NPC is largely linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, providing an additional immune-prone factor through the expression of EBV antigens and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell target proteins. In this issue of JAMA, Mai and colleagues report the prespecified definitive overall survival analysis of the phase 3 JUPITER-02 trial. The addition of the anti–PD-1 antibody toripalimab to platinum-gemcitabine as a first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic NPC (RM-NPC) proved to reduce by 37% the risk of death at 3 years of follow-up.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHaihao Yan, Chenghua Zhu, Xiao Jin, Ganzhu Feng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Haihao Yan, Chenghua Zhu, Xiao Jin, Ganzhu Feng Background Previous studies have found that the persistence of herpesvirus significantly increases the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but it is unclear whether this effect is causal. We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal relationship between three herpesvirus infections and IPF. Methods We used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data from three independent datasets, including FinnGen cohort, Milieu Intérieur cohort, and 23andMe cohort, to screen for instrumental variables (IVs) of herpesvirus infection or herpesvirus-related immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. Outcome dataset came from the largest meta-analysis of IPF susceptibility currently available. Results In the FinnGen cohort, genetically predicted Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (OR = 1.105, 95%CI: 0.897–1.149, p = 0.815), cytomegalovirus (CMV) (OR = 1.073, 95%CI: 0.926–1.244, p = 0.302) and herpes simplex (HSV) infection (OR = 0.906, 95%CI: 0.753–1.097, p = 0.298) were not associated with the risk of IPF. In the Milieu Intérieur cohort, we found no correlations between herpesvirus-related IgG EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) (OR = 0.968, 95%CI: 0.782–1.198, p = 0.764), EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) (OR = 1.061, 95CI%: 0.811–1.387, p = 0.665), CMV (OR = 1.108, 95CI%: 0.944–1.314, p = 0.240), HSV-1 (OR = 1.154, 95%CI: 0.684–1.945, p = 0.592) and HSV-2 (OR = 0.915, 95%CI: 0.793–1.056, p = 0.225) and IPF risk. Moreover, in the 23andMe cohort, no evidence of associations between mononucleosis (OR = 1.042, 95%CI: 0.709–1.532, p = 0.832) and cold scores (OR = 0.906, 95%CI: 0.603–1.362, p = 0.635) and IPF were found. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of our results. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that EBV, CMV, and HSV herpesviruses, and herpesviruses-related IgG levels, are not causally linked to IPF. Further MR analysis will be necessary when stronger instrument variables and GWAS with larger sample sizes become available.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Post-COVID-19-Syndrome (PCS) frequently occurs after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the understanding of causative mechanisms is still limited. Aim of this study was to determine the PCS rate among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive blood donors as representatives of supposedly healthy adults, who had experienced an asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 disease course, and to examine whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is reactivated in individuals reporting PCS. Methods The PCS rate was determined using questionnaires that included questions about infection and persistent symptoms. Pre-pandemic blood samples and samples collected at regular, pre-defined times after a SARS-CoV-2 infection were analysed for neopterin, a marker for antiviral immune responses, by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, we determined the rate of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N total antibodies using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA). Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect EBV DNA and ECLIA screening for EBV viral capsid-antigen (VCA) IgM, IgG and EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA) IgG were performed. Results Our data reveal that 18% of all infections result in PCS, with symptoms lasting for up to one year. In individuals reporting PCS, no elevated levels of neopterin were detected, indicating no persisting pro-inflammatory, antiviral immune response. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were declining in all participants in comparable manner over time, pointing to a successful virus clearance. In individuals with PCS, no EBV DNA could be detected. Furthermore, no differences in EBV specific antibody levels could be shown in PCS groups compared to non-PCS groups. Conclusion Our data suggest that PCS in per se healthy, immunocompetent adults cannot be ascribed to a reactivation of EBV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTrunfio, Mattia; Sacchi, Alessandra; Vai, Daniela; Pittaluga, Fabrizia; Croce, Michele; Cavallo, Rossana; Imperiale, Daniele; Bonora, Stefano; Di Perri, Giovanni; Letendre, Scott Lee; Calcagno, Andrea
AIDS, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Objective: HIV and EBV co-infection has been linked to increased immune activation and larger HIV reservoir. We assessed whether anti-EBV humoral responses are associated with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation and with neurocognitive impairment (NCI) in people with HIV (PWH). Design: Cross-sectional analysis in 123 EBV-seropositive PWH either on antiretroviral therapy (n = 70) or not. Methods: Serum and CSF anti-EBV Viral Capsid Antigen Immunoglobulin G (anti-EVI) and CSF EBV DNA were measured by commercial immunoassay and RT-PCR. Seventy-eight participants without neurological confounding factors underwent neurocognitive assessment (Global Deficit Score, GDS). CSF total tau and 181-phosphorylated-tau (ptau) were measured by immunoassays together with biomarkers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, immune activation, astrocytosis, and intrathecal synthesis. Logistic and linear regressions and moderation analysis were used to investigate the relationships between CSF anti-EVI, GDS, and biomarkers. Results: Twenty-one (17.1%) and twenty-two participants (17.9%) had detectable CSF anti-EVI (10.5–416.0 U/mL) and CSF EBV DNA (25–971 cp/mL). After adjusting for BBB integrity, age, and clinical factors, the presence of CSF anti-EVI was only associated with serum levels of anti-EVI, and not with CSF EBV DNA. CSF anti-EVI and tau and ptau showed reciprocal interactions affecting their associations with GDS. After adjusting for demographics and clinical parameters, higher CSF anti-EVI levels were associated with worse GDS (aβ 0.45, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed