47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, novel coronavirus, nCoV, 2019-nCoV) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
233 emner vises.
1
Comparison of clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia in a prospective observational cohort study
Infection, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and non-COVID-19 community-acquired pneumonia (NC-CAP) often result in hospitalization with considerable risks of mortality, ICU treatment, and long-term morbidity. A comparative analysis of clinical outcomes in COVID-19 CAP (C-CAP) and NC-CAP may improve clinical management. Methods Using prospectively collected CAPNETZ study data (January 2017 to June 2021, 35 study centers), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical outcomes including in-hospital death, ICU treatment, length of hospital stay (LOHS), 180-day survival, and post-discharge re-hospitalization rate. Logistic regression models were used to examine group differences between C-CAP and NC-CAP patients and associations with patient demography, recruitment period, comorbidity, and treatment. Results Among 1368 patients (C-CAP: n = 344; NC-CAP: n = 1024), C-CAP showed elevated adjusted probabilities for in-hospital death (aOR 4.48 [95% CI 2.38–8.53]) and ICU treatment (aOR 8.08 [95% CI 5.31–12.52]) compared to NC-CAP. C-CAP patients were at increased risk of LOHS over seven days (aOR 1.88 [95% CI 1.47–2.42]). Although ICU patients had similar in-hospital mortality risk, C-CAP was associated with length of ICU stay over seven days (aOR 3.59 [95% CI 1.65–8.38]). Recruitment period influenced outcomes in C-CAP but not in NC-CAP. During follow-up, C-CAP was linked to a reduced risk of re-hospitalization and mortality post-discharge (aOR 0.43 [95% CI 0.27–0.70]). Conclusion Distinct clinical trajectories of C-CAP and NC-CAP underscore the need for adapted management to avoid acute and long-term morbidity and mortality amid the evolving landscape of CAP pathogens.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
2
Assessing nanobody interaction with SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9
Gennaro Esposito, Yamanappa Hunashal, Mathias Percipalle, Federico Fogolari, Tomas Venit, Ainars Leonchiks, Kristin C. Gunsalus, Fabio Piano, Piergiorgio Percipalle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
by Gennaro Esposito, Yamanappa Hunashal, Mathias Percipalle, Federico Fogolari, Tomas Venit, Ainars Leonchiks, Kristin C. Gunsalus, Fabio Piano, Piergiorgio Percipalle The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein Nsp9 and the nanobody 2NSP90 was investigated by NMR spectroscopy using the paramagnetic perturbation methodology PENELOP (Paramagnetic Equilibrium vs Nonequilibrium magnetization Enhancement or LOss Perturbation). The Nsp9 monomer is an essential component of the replication and transcription complex (RTC) that reproduces the viral gRNA for subsequent propagation. Therefore preventing Nsp9 recruitment in RTC would represent an efficient antiviral strategy that could be applied to different coronaviruses, given the Nsp9 relative invariance. The NMR results were consistent with a previous characterization suggesting a 4:4 Nsp9-to-nanobody stoichiometry with the occurrence of two epitope pairs on each of the Nsp9 units that establish the inter-dimer contacts of Nsp9 tetramer. The oligomerization state of Nsp9 was also analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations and both dimers and tetramers resulted plausible. A different distribution of the mapped epitopes on the tetramer surface with respect to the former 4:4 complex could also be possible, as well as different stoichiometries of the Nsp9-nanobody assemblies such as the 2:2 stoichiometry suggested by the recent crystal structure of the Nsp9 complex with 2NSP23 (PDB ID: 8dqu), a nanobody exhibiting essentially the same affinity as 2NSP90. The experimental NMR evidence, however, ruled out the occurrence in liquid state of the relevant Nsp9 conformational change observed in the same crystal structure.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
3
The Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Community Indoor Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Quantifying the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor settings is crucial for developing effective non-vaccine prevention strategies and policies. However, summary evidence on the transmission risks in settings other than households, schools, elderly care and healthcare facilities is limited. We conducted a systematic review to estimate the secondary attack rates (SARs) of SARS-CoV-2 and the factors modifying transmission risk in community indoor settings.Methods We searched Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, WHO COVID-19 Research Database, MedrXiv, and BiorXiv from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2023. We included articles with original data for estimating SARS-CoV-2 SARs. We estimated the overall and setting-specific SARs using the inverse variance method for random-effects meta-analyses.Results We included 34 studies with data on 577 index cases, 898 secondary cases, and 9173 contacts. The pooled SAR for community indoor settings was 20.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0–32.5%). The setting-specific SARs were highest for singing events (SAR 44.9%, 95% CI 14.5–79.7%), indoor meetings and entertainment venues (31.9%, 10.4–65.3%), and fitness centers (28.9%, 9.9–60.1%). We found no difference in SARs by index case, viral, and setting-specific characteristics.Conclusions The risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission was highest in indoor settings where singing and exercising occurred. Effective mitigation measures such as assessing and improving ventilation should be considered to reduce the risk of transmission in high-risk settings. Future studies should systematically assess and report the host, viral, and setting-specific characteristics that may modify the transmission risks of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses in indoor environments.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
4
Strategies to address recruitment to a randomised trial of surgical and non-surgical treatment for cancer: results from a complex recruitment intervention within the Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery 2 (MARS 2) study
Mills, N., Farrar, N., Warnes, B., Ashton, K. E., Harris, R., Rogers, C. A., Lim, E., Elliott, D.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
ObjectivesRecruiting to randomised trials is often challenging particularly when the intervention arms are markedly different. The Mesothelioma and Radical Surgery 2 randomised controlled trial (RCT) compared standard chemotherapy with or without (extended) pleurectomy decortication surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Anticipating recruitment difficulties, a QuinteT Recruitment Intervention was embedded in the main trial phase to unearth and address barriers. The trial achieved recruitment to target with a 4-month COVID-19 pandemic-related extension. This paper presents the key recruitment challenges, and the strategies delivered to optimise recruitment and informed consent. DesignA multifaceted, flexible, mixed-method approach to investigate recruitment obstacles drawing on data from staff/patient interviews, audio recorded study recruitment consultations and screening logs. Key findings were translated into strategies targeting identified issues. Data collection, analysis, feedback and strategy implementation continued cyclically throughout the recruitment period. SettingSecondary thoracic cancer care. ResultsRespiratory physicians, oncologists, surgeons and nursing specialists supported the trial, but recruitment challenges were evident. The study had to fit within a framework of a thoracic cancer service considered overstretched where patients encountered multiple healthcare professionals and treatment views, all of which challenged recruitment. Clinician treatment biases, shaped in part by the wider clinical and research context alongside experience, adversely impacted several aspects of the recruitment process by restricting referrals for study consideration, impacting eligibility decisions, affecting the neutrality in which the study and treatment was presented and shaping patient treatment expectations and preferences. Individual and group recruiter feedback and training raised awareness of key equipoise issues, offered support and shared good practice to safeguard informed consent and optimise recruitment. ConclusionsWith bespoke support to overcome identified issues, recruitment to a challenging RCT of surgery versus no surgery in a thoracic cancer setting with a complex recruitment pathway and multiple health professional involvement is possible. Trial registration numberISRCTN ISRCTN44351742, Clinical Trials.gov NCT02040272.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
5
What is current care for people with Long COVID in England? A qualitative interview study
Sunkersing, D., Ramasawmy, M., Alwan, N. A., Clutterbuck, D., Mu, Y., Horstmanshof, K., Banerjee, A., Heightman, M.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
ObjectiveTo investigate current care for people with Long COVID in England. DesignIn-depth, semistructured interviews with people living with Long COVID and Long COVID healthcare professionals; data analysed using thematic analysis. SettingNational Health Service England post-COVID-19 services in six clinics from November 2022 to July 2023. Participants15 healthcare professionals and 21 people living with Long COVID currently attending or discharged (18 female; 3 male). ResultsHealth professionals and people with lived experience highlighted the multifaceted nature of Long COVID, including its varied symptoms, its impact on people’s lives and the complexity involved in managing this condition. These impacts encompass physical, social, mental and environmental dimensions. People with Long COVID reported barriers in accessing primary care, as well as negative general practitioner consultations where they felt unheard or invalidated, though some positive interactions were also noted. Peer support or support systems proved highly valuable and beneficial for individuals, aiding their recovery and well-being. Post-COVID-19 services were viewed as spaces where overlooked voices found validation, offering more than medical expertise. Despite initial challenges, healthcare providers’ increasing expertise in diagnosing and treating Long COVID has helped refine care approaches for this condition. ConclusionLong COVID care in England is not uniform across all locations. Effective communication, specialised expertise and comprehensive support systems are crucial. A patient-centred approach considering the unique complexities of Long COVID, including physical, mental health, social and environmental aspects is needed. Sustained access to post-COVID-19 services is imperative, with success dependent on offering continuous rehabilitation beyond rapid recovery, acknowledging the condition’s enduring impacts and complexities.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
6
Investigating consumer preferences and experiences of telehealth services in Australian allied health practice: a study protocol
Frith, M., Boyd, J., Savira, F., Senyel, D., Norman, R., Jones, J., Robinson, S.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
IntroductionTelehealth service provision and uptake has rapidly increased since the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing healthcare to be delivered safely and reducing non-essential face-to-face (F2F) contact. In Australia, the expansion of subsidisation of telehealth during COVID has led to its permanent installation within Australian primary care in 2022. However, little is known about consumer preferences and experiences with these services, particularly in relation to allied health practice (AHP). Previous studies on telehealth services have focused on general practice rather than allied health (AH) and broader primary care. Given that AH professionals make up a large proportion of the Australian healthcare workforce, the purpose of this study is to explore consumer preferences and experiences with telehealth AHP healthcare. Methods and analysisThis study uses a mixed methods research design that incorporates three independent but interrelated phases. Phase 2 of the study will use a focus group methodology to discuss consumer attitudes and experiences via a semistructured interview format. Phase 3 involves a discrete choice experiment (DCE) involving a large online survey conducted across the general population. The DCE will be informed by the qualitative findings from phases 1 and 2. The experiment aims to elicit consumer preferences in relation to AH services delivered through telehealth or F2F consultations, based on several hypothetical scenarios and preferences over several different dimensions. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from La Trobe University (approval number HEC23404). Findings will be disseminated as reports, presentations and peer-reviewed journal articles.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
7
Tuberculosis preventive treatment uptake among people living with HIV during COVID-19 period in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective data review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Screening for tuberculosis (TB) and providing TB preventive treatment (TPT) along with antiretroviral therapy is key components of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) care. The uptake of TPT during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period has not been adequately assessed in Addis Ababa City Administration. This study aimed at assessing TPT uptake status among People living with HIV (PLHIV) newly initiated on antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 period at all public hospitals of Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective data review was conducted from April-July 2022. Routine District Health Information System 2 database was reviewed for the period from April 2020-March 2022. Proportion and mean with standard deviation were computed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with TPT completion. A p-value of
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
8
Longitudinal analysis of nursing home residents’ T cell responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccinations shows influence of biological sex and SARS-CoV-2 infection history
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Vaccines and vaccine boosting have blunted excess morbidity and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection suffered by older nursing home residents (NHR). However, the impact of repeated vaccination on the T cell response based on biological sex and prior infection of NHR remain understudied.Methods We examined T cell responses to mRNA vaccines to SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of NHR and healthcare workers (HCW) over 2 years. We used IFN-γ ELIspot and flow cytometry to assess T cell response before, two weeks and 6 months after the initial series and each of two booster vaccines. We analyzed these data longitudinally with mixed-effect modeling and also examined subsets of our cohorts for additional changes in T cell effector function.Results We show that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and female sex contribute to higher T cell response in NHR but not HCW. When looking across time points, NHR but not HCW with prior infection had significantly higher T cell responses than infection-naive subjects. These patterns of response were maintained across multiple booster vaccinations and suggest that the age, multimorbidity, and/or frailty of the NHR cohort may accentuate sex and infection status differences in T cell response to mRNA vaccination.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
9
The effect of gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease and diarrhea on the pharmacokinetic profile of sotrovimab in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are utilized broadly to treat cancer and infectious diseases, and mAb exposure (serum concentration over time) is one predictor of overall treatment efficacy. Herein, we present findings from a clinical trial evaluating the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the long-acting mAb sotrovimab targeting SARS-CoV-2 in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients.Methods All participants received an intravenous infusion of sotrovimab within one week prior to initiating the pre-transplant preparative regimen. The serum concentration of sotrovimab was measured longitudinally for up to 24 weeks post-transplant.Results Compared to non-HCT participants, we found that mAb clearance was 10% and 26% higher in autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients, respectively. Overall sotrovimab exposure was approximately 15% lower in HCT recipients compared to non-HCT recipients. Exposure was significantly reduced in HCT recipients who developed diarrhea and lower gastrointestinal (GI) graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) post-transplant.Conclusions These data show that sotrovimab exposure may be reduced in HCT recipients, possibly related to increased GI clearance in patients with GVHD. This phenomenon has implications for dose selection and duration of efficacy with sotrovimab and potentially other mAbs in this vulnerable patient population. Thus, mAb dose regimens developed in non-HCT populations may have to be optimized when applied to HCT populations.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
10
[Articles] Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
GBD 2021 Demographics Collaborators
Lancet, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
11
[Articles] Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
GBD 2021 Causes of Death Collaborators
Lancet, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
12
[Articles] Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
GBD 2021 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators
Lancet, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
13
Attitude toward vaccination against COVID-19 and acceptance of the national “QazVac” vaccine in the Aktobe city population, West Kazakhstan: A cross-sectional survey
Saltanat T. Urazayeva, Saulesh S. Kurmangaliyeva, Asset A. Kaliyev, Kymbat Sh. Tussupkaliyeva, Arman Issimov, Aisha B. Urazayeva, Zhuldyz K. Tashimova, Nadiar M. Mussin, Toleukhan Begalin, Aimeken A. Amanshiyeva, Gulaiym Zh. Nurmaganbetova, Shara M. Nurmukhamedova, Saule Balmagambetova
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
by Saltanat T. Urazayeva, Saulesh S. Kurmangaliyeva, Asset A. Kaliyev, Kymbat Sh. Tussupkaliyeva, Arman Issimov, Aisha B. Urazayeva, Zhuldyz K. Tashimova, Nadiar M. Mussin, Toleukhan Begalin, Aimeken A. Amanshiyeva, Gulaiym Zh. Nurmaganbetova, Shara M. Nurmukhamedova, Saule Balmagambetova The scale of emergency caused by COVID-19, the ease of survey, and the crowdsourcing deployment guaranteed by the latest technology have allowed unprecedented access to data describing behavioral changes induced by the pandemic. The study aimed to present the survey results identifying attitudes toward vaccination against COVID-19 among the population of West Kazakhstan, the level of confidence in the national QazVac vaccine, and the role of different sources of information on COVID-19 in decision-making concerning vaccination. A computer-assisted survey was conducted using WhatsApp messenger. Overall, 2,009 participants responded, with a response rate of 92%. Most (83.1%) were immunized against COVID-19; among them, 20.1% obeyed the request of their employers that had been practiced within non-pharmaceutical interventions to contain the disease. The youngest respondents, individuals with a college education, students, and employed people, as well as those with chronic diseases, showed positive attitudes toward vaccination (all p
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
14
Phytoconstituents of Artemisia Annua as potential inhibitors of SARS CoV2 main protease: an in silico study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Background In November 2019, the world faced a pandemic called SARS-CoV-2, which became a major threat to humans and continues to be. To overcome this, many plants were explored to find a cure. Methods Therefore, this research was planned to screen out the active constituents from Artemisia annua that can work against the viral main protease Mpro as this non-structural protein is responsible for the cleavage of replicating enzymes of the virus. Twenty-five biocompounds belonging to different classes namely alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, carvone, myrtenol, quinic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, rutin, apigenin, chrysoplenetin, arteannunin b, artemisinin, scopoletin, scoparone, artemisinic acid, deoxyartemisnin, artemetin, casticin, sitogluside, beta-sitosterol, dihydroartemisinin, scopolin, artemether, artemotil, artesunate were selected. Virtual screening of these ligands was carried out against drug target Mpro by CB dock. Results Quercetin, rutin, casticin, chrysoplenetin, apigenin, artemetin, artesunate, sopolin and sito-gluside were found as hit compounds. Further, ADMET screening was conducted which represented Chrysoplenetin as a lead compound. Azithromycin was used as a standard drug. The interactions were studied by PyMol and visualized in LigPlot. Furthermore, the RMSD graph shows fluctuations at various points at the start of simulation in Top1 (Azithromycin) complex system due to structural changes in the helix-coil-helix and beta-turn-beta changes at specific points resulting in increased RMSD with a time frame of 50 ns. But this change remains stable after the extension of simulation time intervals till 100 ns. On other side, the Top2 complex system remains highly stable throughout the time scale. No such structural dynamics were observed bu the ligand attached to the active site residues binds strongly. Conclusion This study facilitates researchers to develop and discover more effective and specific therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections. Finally, chrysoplenetin was identified as a more potent drug candidate to act against the viral main protease, which in the future can be helpful.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
15
National Emergency Tele-Critical Care in a Pandemic: Barriers and Solutions
Pamplin, Jeremy C.; Gray, Brooke; Quinn, Matthew T.; Little, Jeanette R.; Colombo, Christopher J.; Subramanian, Sanjay; Farmer, Joseph C.; Ries, Michael; Scott, Benjamin; for the Governance Stakeholder Working Group and National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network Team Participants
Critical Care Explorations, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
The COVID-19 pandemic caused tremendous disruption to the U.S. healthcare system and nearly crippled some hospitals during large patient surges. Limited ICU beds across the country further exacerbated these challenges. Telemedicine, specifically tele-critical care (TCC), can expand a hospital’s clinical capabilities through remote expertise and increase capacity by offloading some monitoring to remote teams. Unfortunately, the rapid deployment of telemedicine, especially TCC, is constrained by multiple barriers. In the summer of 2020, to support the National Emergency Tele-Critical Care Network (NETCCN) deployment, more than 50 national leaders in applying telemedicine technologies to critical care assembled to provide their opinions about barriers to NETCCN implementation and strategies to overcome them. Through consensus, these experts developed white papers that formed the basis of this article. Herein, the authors share their experience and propose multiple solutions to barriers presented by laws, local policies and cultures, and individual perspectives according to a minimum, better, best paradigm for TCC delivery in the setting of a national disaster. Cross-state licensure and local privileging of virtual experts were identified as the most significant barriers to rapid deployment of services, whereas refining the model of TCC to achieve the best outcomes and defining the best financial model is the most significant for long-term success. Ultimately, we conclude that a rapidly deployable national telemedicine response system is achievable.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
16
False Positive Covid-19 Rapid Antigen Tests
New England Journal of Medicine, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 19, Page 1835-1836, May 16/23, 2024.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
17
Mixed-method evaluation study of a targeted mass drug administration of long-acting anti-malarials among children aged 3 months to 15 years in the Bossangoa sub-prefecture, Ouham, Central African Republic, during the COVID-19 pandemic
Malaria Journal, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Background In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) initiated three cycles of dihydroartemisin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) mass drug administration (MDA) for children aged three months to 15 years within Bossangoa sub-prefecture, Central African Republic. Coverage, clinical impact, and community members perspectives were evaluated to inform the use of MDAs in humanitarian emergencies. Methods A household survey was undertaken after the MDA focusing on participation, recent illness among eligible children, and household satisfaction. Using routine surveillance data, the reduction during the MDA period compared to the same period of preceding two years in consultations, malaria diagnoses, malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positivity in three MSF community healthcare facilities (HFs), and the reduction in severe malaria admissions at the regional hospital were estimated. Twenty-seven focus groups discussions (FGDs) with community members were conducted. Results Overall coverage based on the MDA card or verbal report was 94.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.3–97.8%). Among participants of the household survey, 2.6% (95% CI 1.6–40.3%) of round 3 MDA participants experienced illness in the preceding four weeks compared to 30.6% (95% CI 22.1–40.8%) of MDA non-participants. One community HF experienced a 54.5% (95% CI 50.8–57.9) reduction in consultations, a 73.7% (95% CI 70.5–76.5) reduction in malaria diagnoses, and 42.9% (95% CI 36.0–49.0) reduction in the proportion of positive RDTs among children under five. A second community HF experienced an increase in consultations (+ 15.1% (− 23.3 to 7.5)) and stable malaria diagnoses (4.2% (3.9–11.6)). A third community HF experienced an increase in consultations (+ 41.1% (95% CI 51.2–31.8) and malaria diagnoses (+ 37.3% (95% CI 47.4–27.9)). There were a 25.2% (95% CI 2.0–42.8) reduction in hospital admissions with severe malaria among children under five from the MDA area. FGDs revealed community members perceived less illness among children because of the MDA, as well as fewer hospitalizations. Other indirect benefits such as reduced household expenditure on healthcare were also described. Conclusion The MDA achieved high coverage and community acceptance. While some positive health impact was observed, it was resource intensive, particularly in this rural context. The priority for malaria control in humanitarian contexts should remain diagnosis and treatment. MDA may be additional tool where the context supports its implementation.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
18
Effects of the timing of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination status on placental transfer of antibodies to neonates: a cross-sectional study
Dingmei Zhang, Shuang Liu, Bo Peng, Xiaolu Shi, Tingsong Weng, Dajun Fang, Lijie Lu, Xiang Meng, Husheng Xiong, Xiaomin Zhang, Jing Qu, Jiayi Zhong, Ping Wang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Pregnant women and infants are at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to the general population. In addition to an increased likelihood of hospitalization, requiring intensive care, and death [1], pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are prone to adverse perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth and pre-eclampsia [2]. Although mother-to-child transmission is rare, young children, especially infants, are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection after birth due to their immature immune systems [3].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
19
[Articles] Effect of molnupiravir on SARS-CoV-2 evolution in immunocompromised patients: a retrospective observational study
Nicholas M Fountain-Jones, Robert Vanhaeften, Jan Williamson, Janelle Maskell, I-Ly J Chua, Michael Charleston, Louise Cooley
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Molnupiravir treatment in immunocompromised patients led to the accumulation of a distinctive pattern of mutations beyond the recommended 5 days of treatment. Treated patients maintained persistent PCR positivity for the duration of monitoring, indicating clear potential for transmission and subsequent emergence of novel variants.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
20
[Articles] Viral clearance as a surrogate of clinical efficacy for COVID-19 therapies in outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Karen M Elias, Shanchita R Khan, Eva Stadler, Timothy E Schlub, Deborah Cromer, Mark N Polizzotto, Stephen J Kent, Tari Turner, Miles P Davenport, David S Khoury
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Despite the aggregation of studies with differing designs, and evidence of risk of bias in some virological outcomes, this review provides evidence that treatment-induced acceleration of viral clearance within the first 5 days after treatment is a potential surrogate of clinical efficacy to prevent hospitalisation with COVID-19. This work supports the use of viral clearance as an early phase clinical trial endpoint of therapeutic efficacy.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
21
[Articles] Optimisation and evaluation of viral genomic sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 rapid diagnostic tests: a laboratory and cohort-based study
Jillian S Paull, Brittany A Petros, Taylor M Brock-Fisher, Samantha A Jalbert, Victoria M Selser, Katelyn S Messer, Sabrina T Dobbins, Katherine C DeRuff, Davy Deng, Michael Springer, Pardis C Sabeti
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
RDT-derived swabs are a reasonable alternative to PCR swabs for viral genomic surveillance and outbreak investigation. RDT-derived lateral flow strips yield accurate, but significantly fewer, viral reads than matched PCR swabs. Metagenomic sequencing of negative RDTs can identify viruses that might underlie patient symptoms.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
22
[Articles] Antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe in 2020 compared with in 2013 and 2018: a retrospective genomic surveillance study
Daniel Golparian, Michelle J Cole, Leonor Sánchez-Busó, Michaela Day, Susanne Jacobsson, Thinushaa Uthayakumaran, Raquel Abad, Beatrice Bercot, Dominique A Caugant, Dagmar Heuer, Klaus Jansen, Sonja Pleininger, Paola Stefanelli, David M Aanensen, Benjamin Bluemel, Magnus Unemo, Euro-GASP study group
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Azithromycin-resistant clones, mainly with mtrD mosaic or semi-mosaic variants, appear to be stabilising at a relatively high level in the EEA. This mostly low-level azithromycin resistance might threaten the recommended ceftriaxone-azithromycin therapy, but the negligible ceftriaxone resistance is encouraging. The decreased genomic population diversity and increased clonality could be explained in part by the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in lower importation of novel strains into Europe.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
23
[Articles] Relative vaccine protection, disease severity, and symptoms associated with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariant BA.2.86 and descendant JN.1 in Denmark: a nationwide observational study
Ida Rask Moustsen-Helms, Peter Bager, Tine Graakjær Larsen, Frederik Trier Møller, Lasse Skafte Vestergaard, Morten Rasmussen, Christian Holm Hansen, SSI-DMC Study Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Compared with other SARS-CoV-2 variants, BA.2.86 and the JN.1 sublineage were less sensitive to vaccine-induced immune protection from the XBB.1.5 updated COVID-19 vaccine; however, we found no evidence that infection with BA.2.86 or JN.1 resulted in increased disease severity or different symptom profiles. Although less effective against the new variants, XBB.1.5 vaccination remains protective and reduces the risk of infection and COVID-19 disease.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
24
Managerial (dis)preferences towards employees working from home: Post-pandemic experimental evidence
Agnieszka Kasperska, Anna Matysiak, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
by Agnieszka Kasperska, Anna Matysiak, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska Work from home (WFH) has been a part of the professional landscape for over two decades, yet it was the COVID-19 pandemic that has substantially increased its prevalence. The impact of WFH on careers is rather ambiguous, and a question remains open about how this effect is manifested in the current times considering the recent extensive and widespread use of WFH during the pandemic. To answer these questions, this article investigates whether managerial preferences for promotion, salary increase and training allowance depend on employee engagement in WFH. We take into account the employee’s gender, parental status as well as the frequency of WFH. Furthermore, we examine whether managers’ experience with WFH and its prevalence in the team moderate the effect of WFH on careers. An online survey experiment was run on a sample of over 1,000 managers from the United Kingdom. The experiment was conducted between July and December 2022. The findings indicate that employees who WFH are less likely to be considered for promotion, salary increase and training than on-site workers. The pay and promotion penalties for WFH are particularly true for men (both fathers and non-fathers) and childless women, but not mothers. We also find that employees operating in teams with a higher prevalence of WFH do not experience negative career effects when working from home. Additionally, the more WFH experience the manager has, the lesser the career penalty for engaging in this mode of working. Our study not only provides evidence on WFH and career outcomes in the post-pandemic context but also furthers previous understanding of how WFH impacts careers by showing its effect across different groups of employees, highlighting the importance of familiarisation and social acceptance of flexible working arrangements in their impact on career outcomes.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
25
The outcome and related risk factors of unvaccinated patients with end-stage kidney disease during the Omicron pandemic: a multicentre retrospective study
Zhang, Q., Lu, C., Wu, S., He, J., Wang, H., Li, J., Wu, Z., Ta, B., Yang, B., Liao, S., Wang, L., Chen, H., Li, M., He, W., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Zhao, J.-H., Nie, L.
BMJ Open, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
ObjectivesThe study aims to identify the outcome and the related factors of unvaccinated patients with end-stage kidney disease during the Omicron pandemic. DesignA multicentre retrospective study of patients with end-stage kidney disease undergone maintenance haemodialysis (HD) in China. Setting6 HD centres in China. ParticipantsA total of 654 HD patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were ultimately included in the study. Outcome measuresThe primary outcomes of interest were adverse outcomes, including hospitalisation due to COVID-19 and all-cause mortality. ResultsThe average age of the patients was 57 years, with 33.6% of them being over 65 years. Among the patients, 57.5% were male. During the follow-up period, 158 patients (24.2%) experienced adverse outcomes, and 93 patients (14.2%) died. The majority of patients (88/158) developed adverse outcomes within 30 days, and most deaths (77/93) occurred within 1 month. An advanced multivariable Cox regression analysis identified that adverse outcomes were associated with various factors while all-cause mortality was related to advanced age, male gender, high levels of C reactive protein (CRP) and low levels of prealbumin. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly higher all-cause mortality rates in the older, male, high CRP and low prealbumin subgroups. ConclusionsAmong unvaccinated HD patients with confirmed Omicron infections, various factors were found to be linked to adverse outcomes. Notably, age, sex, CRP and prealbumin had a substantial impact on the risk of all-cause mortality.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
26
Copper(II) coordination to the intrinsically disordered region of SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1
Maryann MoralesMoon Young YangWilliam A. GoddardHarry B. GrayJay R. WinkleraBeckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
27
Doff Thy Gown — Shedding Contact Precautions for COVID-19
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly transmitted through aerosols (i.e., airborne transmission), however, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention continue to recommend the use of contact precautions (a gown and gloves) for the care of patients with COVID-19. Infection prevention guidelines should reflect the current science and eliminate this wasteful practice.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
28
Learning from the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of mathematical vaccine prioritization models
Infectious Disease Modelling, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 15 May 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Gilberto Gonzalez-Parra, Md Shahriar Mahmud, Claus Kadelka
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
29
Parameter identifiability of a within-host SARS-CoV-2 epidemic model
Infectious Disease Modelling, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 14 May 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Junyuan Yang, Sijin Wu, Xuezhi Li, Xiaoyan Wang, Xue-Song Zhang, Lu Hou
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
30
COVID-19 vaccination uptake and determinants of booster vaccination among persons who inject drugs in New York City
Mehrdad Khezri, Courtney McKnight, Chenziheng Allen Weng, Sarah Kimball, Don Des Jarlais
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
by Mehrdad Khezri, Courtney McKnight, Chenziheng Allen Weng, Sarah Kimball, Don Des Jarlais Background Persons who inject drugs (PWID) may be unengaged with healthcare services and face an elevated risk of severe morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19 due to chronic diseases and structural inequities. However, data on COVID-19 vaccine uptake, particularly booster vaccination, among PWID are limited. We examined COVID-19 vaccine uptake and factors associated with booster vaccination among PWID in New York City (NYC). Methods We recruited PWID using respondent-driven sampling from October 2021 to November 2023 in a survey that included HIV and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies testing. The questionnaire included demographics, COVID-19 vaccination and attitudes, and drug use behaviors. Results Of 436 PWID, 80% received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose. Among individuals who received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose, 95% were fully vaccinated. After excluding participants recruited before booster authorization for general adults started in NYC, and those who had never received an initial vaccination, 41% reported having received a COVID-19 booster vaccine dose. COVID-19 booster vaccination was significantly associated with having a high school diploma or GED (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.93; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09, 3.48), ever received the hepatitis A/B vaccine (aOR 2.23; 95% CI 1.27, 3.96), main drug use other than heroin/speedball, fentanyl and stimulants (aOR 14.4; 95% CI 2.32, 280), number of non-fatal overdoses (aOR 0.35; 95% CI 0.16, 0.70), and mean vaccination attitude score (aOR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89, 0.98). Conclusions We found a suboptimal level of COVID-19 booster vaccination among PWID, which was consistent with the rates observed in the general population in NYC and the U.S. Community-based interventions are needed to improve COVID-19 booster vaccination access and uptake among PWID. Attitudes towards vaccination were significant predictors of both primary and booster vaccination uptake. Outreach efforts focusing on improving attitudes towards vaccination and educational programs are essential for reducing hesitancy and increasing booster vaccination uptake among PWID.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
31
Low-dose naltrexone for post-COVID fatigue syndrome: a study protocol for a double-blind, randomised trial in British Columbia
Naik, H., Cooke, E., Boulter, T., Dyer, R., Bone, J. N., Tsai, M., Cristobal, J., McKay, R. J., Song, X., Nacul, L.
BMJ Open, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
IntroductionA significant proportion of individuals suffering from post COVID-19 condition (PCC, also known as long COVID) can present with persistent, disabling fatigue similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and post-viral fatigue syndromes. There remains no clear pharmacological therapy for patients with this subtype of PCC, which can be referred to as post-COVID fatigue syndrome (PCFS). A low dose of the opioid antagonist naltrexone (ie, low-dose naltrexone (LDN)) has emerged as an off-label treatment for treating fatigue and other symptoms in PCC. However, only small, non-controlled studies have assessed LDN in PCC, so randomised trials are urgently required. Methods and analysisA prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel arm, placebo-controlled phase II trial will be performed to assess the efficacy of LDN for improving fatigue in PCFS. The trial will be decentralised and open to eligible individuals throughout the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC). Participants will be recruited through the province-wide Post-COVID-19 Interdisciplinary Clinical Care Network (PC-ICCN) and research volunteer platform (REACH BC). Eligible participants will be 19–69 years old, have had a confirmed or physician-suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 3 months prior and meet clinical criteria for PCFS adapted from the Institute of Medicine ME/CFS criteria. Individuals who are taking opioid medications, have a history of ME/CFS prior to COVID-19 or history of significant liver disease will be excluded. Participants will be randomised to an LDN intervention arm (n=80) or placebo arm (n=80). Participants in each arm will be prescribed identical capsules starting at 1 mg daily and follow a prespecified schedule for up-titration to 4.5 mg daily or the maximum tolerated dose. The trial will be conducted over 16 weeks, with assessments at baseline, 6, 12 and 16 weeks. The primary outcome will be fatigue severity at 16 weeks evaluated by the Fatigue Severity Scale. Secondary outcomes will include pain Visual Analogue Scale score, overall symptom severity as measured by the Patient Phenotyping Questionnaire Short Form, 7-day step count and health-related quality of life measured by the EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaire. Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been authorised by Health Canada and approved by The University of British Columbia/Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia Research Ethics Board. On completion, findings will be disseminated to patients, caregivers and clinicians through engagement activities within existing PCC and ME/CFS networks. Results will be published in academic journals and presented at conferences. Trial registration number NCT05430152.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
32
Investigating the trend of demographic changes, mortality, clinical and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward, before and after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Prioritizing prevention over treatment has been a longstanding principle in the world health system. This study aims to compare the demographic changes, mortality, clinical, and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward before and after the start of general vaccination. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized the simple random sampling method in 2022, analyzing 300 medical records of patients admitted to the Corona ward at 22 Bahman Khaf Hospital. Data were collected using a checklist with the help of the Medical Care Monitoring System and analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software and Chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
33
Investigating the trend of demographic changes, mortality, clinical and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward, before and after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Prioritizing prevention over treatment has been a longstanding principle in the world health system. This study aims to compare the demographic changes, mortality, clinical, and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward before and after the start of general vaccination. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized the simple random sampling method in 2022, analyzing 300 medical records of patients admitted to the Corona ward at 22 Bahman Khaf Hospital. Data were collected using a checklist with the help of the Medical Care Monitoring System and analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software and Chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
34
A systematic review of thromboembolic complications and outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Thromboembolic (TE) complications [myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE)] are common causes of mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review was undertaken to explore the incidence of TE complications and mortality associated with TE complications in hospitalised COVID-19 patients from different studies. A literature search was performed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases using the MeSH term search strategy of “COVID-19”, “thromboembolic complication”, “venous thromboembolism”, “arterial thromboembolism”, “deep vein thrombosis”, “pulmonary embolism”, “myocardial infarction”, “stroke”, and “mortality”. There were 33 studies included in this review. Studies have revealed that COVID-19 patients tend to develop venous thromboembolism (PE:1.0-40.0% and DVT:0.4-84%) compared to arterial thromboembolism (stroke:0.5-15.2% and MI:0.8-8.7%). Lastly, the all-cause mortality of COVID-19 patients ranged from 4.8 to 63%, whereas the incidence of mortality associated with TE complications was between 5% and 48%. A wide range of incidences of TE complications and mortality associated with TE complications can be seen among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therefore, every patient should be assessed for the risk of thromboembolic complications and provided with an appropriate thromboprophylaxis management plan tailored to their individual needs.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
35
A systematic review of thromboembolic complications and outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Thromboembolic (TE) complications [myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE)] are common causes of mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review was undertaken to explore the incidence of TE complications and mortality associated with TE complications in hospitalised COVID-19 patients from different studies. A literature search was performed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases using the MeSH term search strategy of “COVID-19”, “thromboembolic complication”, “venous thromboembolism”, “arterial thromboembolism”, “deep vein thrombosis”, “pulmonary embolism”, “myocardial infarction”, “stroke”, and “mortality”. There were 33 studies included in this review. Studies have revealed that COVID-19 patients tend to develop venous thromboembolism (PE:1.0-40.0% and DVT:0.4-84%) compared to arterial thromboembolism (stroke:0.5-15.2% and MI:0.8-8.7%). Lastly, the all-cause mortality of COVID-19 patients ranged from 4.8 to 63%, whereas the incidence of mortality associated with TE complications was between 5% and 48%. A wide range of incidences of TE complications and mortality associated with TE complications can be seen among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therefore, every patient should be assessed for the risk of thromboembolic complications and provided with an appropriate thromboprophylaxis management plan tailored to their individual needs.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
36
Simple mathematical model for predicting COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan based on epidemic waves with a cyclical trend
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Several models have been used to predict outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic, with limited success. We developed a simple mathematical model to accurately predict future epidemic waves. Methods We used data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan for newly confirmed COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 case data were summarized as weekly data, and epidemic waves were visualized and identified. The periodicity of COVID-19 in each prefecture of Japan was confirmed using time-series analysis and the autocorrelation coefficient, which was used to investigate the longer-term pattern of COVID-19 cases. Outcomes using the autocorrelation coefficient were visualized via a correlogram to capture the periodicity of the data. An algorithm for a simple prediction model of the seventh COVID-19 wave in Japan comprised three steps. Step 1: machine learning techniques were used to depict the regression lines for each epidemic wave, denoting the “rising trend line”; Step 2: an exponential function with good fit was identified from data of rising straight lines up to the sixth wave, and the timing of the rise of the seventh wave and speed of its spread were calculated; Step 3: a logistic function was created using the values calculated in Step 2 as coefficients to predict the seventh wave. The accuracy of the model in predicting the seventh wave was confirmed using data up to the sixth wave. Results Up to March 31, 2023, the correlation coefficient value was approximately 0.5, indicating significant periodicity. The spread of COVID-19 in Japan was repeated in a cycle of approximately 140 days. Although there was a slight lag in the starting and peak times in our predicted seventh wave compared with the actual epidemic, our developed prediction model had a fairly high degree of accuracy. Conclusion Our newly developed prediction model based on the rising trend line could predict COVID-19 outbreaks up to a few months in advance with high accuracy. The findings of the present study warrant further investigation regarding application to emerging infectious diseases other than COVID-19 in which the epidemic wave has high periodicity.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
37
Simple mathematical model for predicting COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan based on epidemic waves with a cyclical trend
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Several models have been used to predict outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic, with limited success. We developed a simple mathematical model to accurately predict future epidemic waves. Methods We used data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan for newly confirmed COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 case data were summarized as weekly data, and epidemic waves were visualized and identified. The periodicity of COVID-19 in each prefecture of Japan was confirmed using time-series analysis and the autocorrelation coefficient, which was used to investigate the longer-term pattern of COVID-19 cases. Outcomes using the autocorrelation coefficient were visualized via a correlogram to capture the periodicity of the data. An algorithm for a simple prediction model of the seventh COVID-19 wave in Japan comprised three steps. Step 1: machine learning techniques were used to depict the regression lines for each epidemic wave, denoting the “rising trend line”; Step 2: an exponential function with good fit was identified from data of rising straight lines up to the sixth wave, and the timing of the rise of the seventh wave and speed of its spread were calculated; Step 3: a logistic function was created using the values calculated in Step 2 as coefficients to predict the seventh wave. The accuracy of the model in predicting the seventh wave was confirmed using data up to the sixth wave. Results Up to March 31, 2023, the correlation coefficient value was approximately 0.5, indicating significant periodicity. The spread of COVID-19 in Japan was repeated in a cycle of approximately 140 days. Although there was a slight lag in the starting and peak times in our predicted seventh wave compared with the actual epidemic, our developed prediction model had a fairly high degree of accuracy. Conclusion Our newly developed prediction model based on the rising trend line could predict COVID-19 outbreaks up to a few months in advance with high accuracy. The findings of the present study warrant further investigation regarding application to emerging infectious diseases other than COVID-19 in which the epidemic wave has high periodicity.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
38
Impact of interventions to reduce nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in English NHS Trusts: a computational modelling study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Prior to September 2021, 55,000–90,000 hospital inpatients in England were identified as having a potentially nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection. This includes cases that were likely missed due to pauci- or asymptomatic infection. Further, high numbers of healthcare workers (HCWs) are thought to have been infected, and there is evidence that some of these cases may also have been nosocomially linked, with both HCW to HCW and patient to HCW transmission being reported. From the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic interventions in hospitals such as testing patients on admission and universal mask wearing were introduced to stop spread within and between patient and HCW populations, the effectiveness of which are largely unknown. Materials/methods Using an individual-based model of within-hospital transmission, we estimated the contribution of individual interventions (together and in combination) to the effectiveness of the overall package of interventions implemented in English hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. A panel of experts in infection prevention and control informed intervention choice and helped ensure the model reflected implementation in practice. Model parameters and associated uncertainty were derived using national and local data, literature review and formal elicitation of expert opinion. We simulated scenarios to explore how many nosocomial infections might have been seen in patients and HCWs if interventions had not been implemented. We simulated the time period from March-2020 to July-2022 encompassing different strains and multiple doses of vaccination. Results Modelling results suggest that in a scenario without inpatient testing, infection prevention and control measures, and reductions in occupancy and visitors, the number of patients developing a nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection could have been twice as high over the course of the pandemic, and over 600,000 HCWs could have been infected in the first wave alone. Isolation of symptomatic HCWs and universal masking by HCWs were the most effective interventions for preventing infections in both patient and HCW populations. Model findings suggest that collectively the interventions introduced over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in England averted 400,000 (240,000 – 500,000) infections in inpatients and 410,000 (370,000 – 450,000) HCW infections. Conclusions Interventions to reduce the spread of nosocomial infections have varying impact, but the package of interventions implemented in England significantly reduced nosocomial transmission to both patients and HCWs over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
39
Impact of interventions to reduce nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in English NHS Trusts: a computational modelling study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Prior to September 2021, 55,000–90,000 hospital inpatients in England were identified as having a potentially nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection. This includes cases that were likely missed due to pauci- or asymptomatic infection. Further, high numbers of healthcare workers (HCWs) are thought to have been infected, and there is evidence that some of these cases may also have been nosocomially linked, with both HCW to HCW and patient to HCW transmission being reported. From the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic interventions in hospitals such as testing patients on admission and universal mask wearing were introduced to stop spread within and between patient and HCW populations, the effectiveness of which are largely unknown. Materials/methods Using an individual-based model of within-hospital transmission, we estimated the contribution of individual interventions (together and in combination) to the effectiveness of the overall package of interventions implemented in English hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. A panel of experts in infection prevention and control informed intervention choice and helped ensure the model reflected implementation in practice. Model parameters and associated uncertainty were derived using national and local data, literature review and formal elicitation of expert opinion. We simulated scenarios to explore how many nosocomial infections might have been seen in patients and HCWs if interventions had not been implemented. We simulated the time period from March-2020 to July-2022 encompassing different strains and multiple doses of vaccination. Results Modelling results suggest that in a scenario without inpatient testing, infection prevention and control measures, and reductions in occupancy and visitors, the number of patients developing a nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection could have been twice as high over the course of the pandemic, and over 600,000 HCWs could have been infected in the first wave alone. Isolation of symptomatic HCWs and universal masking by HCWs were the most effective interventions for preventing infections in both patient and HCW populations. Model findings suggest that collectively the interventions introduced over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in England averted 400,000 (240,000 – 500,000) infections in inpatients and 410,000 (370,000 – 450,000) HCW infections. Conclusions Interventions to reduce the spread of nosocomial infections have varying impact, but the package of interventions implemented in England significantly reduced nosocomial transmission to both patients and HCWs over the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
40
Sufficient COVID-19 quarantine and testing on international travelers to forestall cross-border transmission after China's removal of the Zero-COVID policy in early 2023
Dinesh Bojja, Scott Zuo, Jeffrey P. Townsend
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Early in the pandemic, the government of China imposed strict “zero-COVID” lockdown measures that successfully prevented the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus throughout its populations. However, this policy required of the populace a substantial socioeconomic tradeoff. In response to widespread protests in December 2022, the Chinese government suddenly lifted its restrictions [1]. The largely unvaccinated Chinese population was subjected to a rapid increase in cases, with infection and death rates skyrocketing between December 2022 and January 2023 [2].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
41
Investigating the trend of demographic changes, mortality, clinical and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward, before and after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Prioritizing prevention over treatment has been a longstanding principle in the world health system. This study aims to compare the demographic changes, mortality, clinical, and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in the Corona ward before and after the start of general vaccination. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized the simple random sampling method in 2022, analyzing 300 medical records of patients admitted to the Corona ward at 22 Bahman Khaf Hospital. Data were collected using a checklist with the help of the Medical Care Monitoring System and analyzed using SPSS-22 statistical software and Chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
42
Medical resource usage for COVID-19 evaluated using the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan
Keita Fukuyama, Yukiko Mori, Hiroaki Ueshima, Shiho Ito, Masaki Tanabe, Tomohiro Kuroda
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Keita Fukuyama, Yukiko Mori, Hiroaki Ueshima, Shiho Ito, Masaki Tanabe, Tomohiro Kuroda Purpose The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exhibited several different waves threatening global health care. During this pandemic, medical resources were depleted. However, the kind of medical resources provided to each wave was not clarified. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of medical care provision at COVID-19 peaks in preparation for the next pandemic. Methods Using medical insurance claim records in Japan, we examined the presence or absence of COVID-19 infection and the use of medical resources for all patients monthly by age group. Results The wave around August 2021 with the Delta strain had the strongest impact on the working population in terms of hospital admission and respiratory support. For healthcare providers, this peak had the highest frequency of severely ill patients. In the subsequent wave, although the number of patients with COVID-19 remained high, they were predominantly older adults, with relatively fewer patients receiving intensive care. Conclusions In future pandemics, we should refer to the wave around August 2021 as a situation of medical resource shortage resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
43
Baseline characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine non-responders in a large population-based sample
Ashraf Yaseen, Stacia M. DeSantis, Rachit Sabharwal, Yashar Talebi, Michael D. Swartz, Shiming Zhang, Luis Leon Novelo, Cesar L. Pinzon-Gomez, Sarah E. Messiah, Melissa Valerio-Shewmaker, Harold W. Kohl III, Jessica Ross, David Lakey, Jennifer A. Shuford, Stephen J. Pont, Eric Boerwinkle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Ashraf Yaseen, Stacia M. DeSantis, Rachit Sabharwal, Yashar Talebi, Michael D. Swartz, Shiming Zhang, Luis Leon Novelo, Cesar L. Pinzon-Gomez, Sarah E. Messiah, Melissa Valerio-Shewmaker, Harold W. Kohl III, Jessica Ross, David Lakey, Jennifer A. Shuford, Stephen J. Pont, Eric Boerwinkle Introduction Studies indicate that individuals with chronic conditions and specific baseline characteristics may not mount a robust humoral antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this paper, we used data from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody REsponse Survey (Texas CARES), a longitudinal state-wide seroprevalence program that has enrolled more than 90,000 participants, to evaluate the role of chronic diseases as the potential risk factors of non-response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in a large epidemiologic cohort. Methods A participant needed to complete an online survey and a blood draw to test for SARS-CoV-2 circulating plasma antibodies at four-time points spaced at least three months apart. Chronic disease predictors of vaccine non-response are evaluated using logistic regression with non-response as the outcome and each chronic disease + age as the predictors. Results As of April 24, 2023, 18,240 participants met the inclusion criteria; 0.58% (N = 105) of these are non-responders. Adjusting for age, our results show that participants with self-reported immunocompromised status, kidney disease, cancer, and “other” non-specified comorbidity were 15.43, 5.11, 2.59, and 3.13 times more likely to fail to mount a complete response to a vaccine, respectively. Furthermore, having two or more chronic diseases doubled the prevalence of non-response. Conclusion Consistent with smaller targeted studies, a large epidemiologic cohort bears the same conclusion and demonstrates immunocompromised, cancer, kidney disease, and the number of diseases are associated with vaccine non-response. This study suggests that those individuals, with chronic diseases with the potential to affect their immune system response, may need increased doses or repeated doses of COVID-19 vaccines to develop a protective antibody level.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
44
Living the employer brand during a crisis? A qualitative study on internal employer branding in times of the COVID-19 pandemic
Marthe Rys, Eveline Schollaert, Greet Van Hoye
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Marthe Rys, Eveline Schollaert, Greet Van Hoye Employer branding has emerged as a strategic imperative in the quest for talent. However, existing research has predominantly explored stable periods, overlooking the possible transformative impact of crises and the crucial role that HR managers play in crafting internal employer branding strategies. As such, this research addresses this by scrutinizing internal employer branding during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conducting in-depth interviews with 37 Belgian HR managers, we delve into the perceived challenges and opportunities that the COVID-19 crisis presented with respect to internal employer branding and its touchpoints—internal communication and leadership. A subsequent member and employee check with six HR managers and six employees validated our findings. The results unveiled organizations’ heightened concern for employer branding during crises, emphasizing the strategic reflection invested. Remarkably, despite facing organizational/operational constraints/risks imposed by the crisis, the attention and efforts remain steadfastly centered on the experienced internal employer brand in crisis situations. Additionally, a contextual analysis suggests that various employer brand types face similar challenges in crises, however, the employer brand serves as a defining factor that shapes how an organization responds to both external uncertainties and internal dynamics brought about by the crisis. This study contributes to a nuanced understanding of internal employer branding dynamics during crises, shedding light on the strategic considerations of HR managers.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
45
Mindfulness meditation use in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic
Otto Simonsson, Stephen D. Fisher
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Otto Simonsson, Stephen D. Fisher Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence and associations of mindfulness meditation use and also its perceived mental health effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Using repeated cross-sectional data from broad online samples weighted to be representative of the adult population in Britain, we estimated the prevalence of mindfulness meditation use and employed logistic regression models to investigate sociodemographic and political associations of mindfulness meditation use and also its perceived mental health effects during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results The findings suggest that 16 percent of adults in Britain had learnt to practice mindfulness in 2021. In covariate-adjusted regression models, having learnt to practice mindfulness was more common among young and middle-aged adults, residents in London, and respondents who voted for the Liberal Democrats. Among mindfulness meditation users who reported having practiced mindfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic, 60 percent reported that it positively affected their mental health and 24 percent reported that it negatively affected their mental health. Notably, 41 percent of respondents with children under 18 (versus 13 percent of those without minors) reported negative mental health effects. In covariate-adjusted regression models, negative mental health effects from mindfulness practice during the COVID-19 pandemic were not concentrated in any particular groups, except for respondents with children under 18. Conclusions Mindfulness meditation has become widespread in Britain, but the results in this study suggest that mindfulness meditation use may be concentrated in certain sociodemographic and political groups. The results also suggest that practicing mindfulness during the COVID-19 pandemic had positive mental health effects for a majority of users, but approximately one-quarter of users reported negative mental health effects. It is therefore important for future research to continue monitoring the prevalence of mindfulness meditation use in society and to investigate under what circumstances, for whom, and in what ways mindfulness-based practices may have negative effects on mental health.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
46
Prevalence and correlates of mental disorders among Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19: A multi-regional cross-sectional analysis
Yijia Gao, Yuanyan Ma, Yaxin Li, Yuanji Zhao, Zhen Zeng, Xiaozhi Yao, Yingjun Nie
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Yijia Gao, Yuanyan Ma, Yaxin Li, Yuanji Zhao, Zhen Zeng, Xiaozhi Yao, Yingjun Nie Background The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond physical health, significantly affecting mental health. Chinese overseas students are particularly susceptible to the adverse psychological effects of the pandemic. Understanding the prevalence and correlates of mental disorders in this population is essential for developing targeted interventions and support systems. Methods Employing a snowball sampling technique, this study recruited Chinese overseas students from diverse regions. The 50-item Self-evaluation Table was utilized to assess the presence of mental disorders. Descriptive statistics, including percentages, 95% confidence intervals, means, and standard deviations, characterized the survey population. The chi-square test identified disparities among categorical variables, while logistic regression explored risk factors for mental disorders among Chinese overseas students. Results Out of the total sample size of 10,864 Chinese overseas students, a staggering 7,090 (65.4%) met the diagnostic criteria for mental disorders. Furthermore, the degree of mental disorder varied significantly across different regions (p < 0.001), education levels (p < 0.05), the duration of anti-epidemic measures (p < 0.05), and age (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in terms of gender (p > 0.05). Several risk factors contributing to the mental disorder burden among Chinese overseas students during the pandemic were identified, including the seriousness of the epidemic in their residential area, the apprehension of getting infected, anxieties regarding academic performance, the infection control policies implemented by the host government, preventive measures taken locally to counter the epidemic, and challenges encountered in returning to their home country. Conclusion Given the significant challenges in mental health faced by Chinese overseas students during the COVID-19 crisis, addressing their specific needs and implementing tailored measures is imperative. Future public health emergencies should consider the potential mental disorders and disease risks faced by Chinese overseas students. By providing comprehensive support and targeted interventions, policymakers, educational institutions, and healthcare providers can help mitigate the adverse psychological effects and promote the well-being of this vulnerable population.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
47
Anti-Spike monoclonal antibody monotherapies and immune escape risk minimization strategies
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
48
Assessment of the Impact of RNase in Patients With Severe Fatigue Related to Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC): A Randomized Phase 2 Trial of RSLV-132
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 12.05.2024
Tilføjet 12.05.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and RNA debris persist in viral reservoirs for weeks to months following infection, potentially triggering interferon production and chronic inflammation. RSLV-132 is a biologic drug composed of catalytically active human RNase1 fused to human IgG1 Fc and is designed to remain in circulation and digest extracellular RNA. We hypothesized that removal of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA from latent reservoirs may improve inflammation, neuroinflammation, and fatigue associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).Methods This was a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in participants with a 24-week history of PASC and severe fatigue. The primary endpoint of the trial assessed the impact of 6 intravenous doses of RSLV-132 on the mean change from baseline at day 71 in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Fatigue Short Form 7a (PROMIS Fatigue SF 7a).Results A statistically significant difference on day 71 was not observed with respect to the primary or secondary endpoints. This was likely due to a placebo response that increased during the trial. Statistically significant improvement in fatigue as measured by the PROMIS Fatigue SF 7a, Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), and Physicians Global Assessment (PGA) instruments were observed earlier in the trial, with women demonstrating greater responses to RSLV-132 than men.Conclusion While fatigue was not statistically significantly improved at Day 71, earlier timepoints revealed statistically significant improvement in fatigue and physician global assessment. The data suggest eliminating latent viral RNA by increasing serum RNase activity may improve fatigue in PASC patients. Women may respond better to this approach than men. Future studies will aim to confirm these findings.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
49
A systematic review of thromboembolic complications and outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
Abstract Thromboembolic (TE) complications [myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE)] are common causes of mortality in hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review was undertaken to explore the incidence of TE complications and mortality associated with TE complications in hospitalised COVID-19 patients from different studies. A literature search was performed using ScienceDirect and PubMed databases using the MeSH term search strategy of “COVID-19”, “thromboembolic complication”, “venous thromboembolism”, “arterial thromboembolism”, “deep vein thrombosis”, “pulmonary embolism”, “myocardial infarction”, “stroke”, and “mortality”. There were 33 studies included in this review. Studies have revealed that COVID-19 patients tend to develop venous thromboembolism (PE:1.0-40.0% and DVT:0.4-84%) compared to arterial thromboembolism (stroke:0.5-15.2% and MI:0.8-8.7%). Lastly, the all-cause mortality of COVID-19 patients ranged from 4.8 to 63%, whereas the incidence of mortality associated with TE complications was between 5% and 48%. A wide range of incidences of TE complications and mortality associated with TE complications can be seen among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Therefore, every patient should be assessed for the risk of thromboembolic complications and provided with an appropriate thromboprophylaxis management plan tailored to their individual needs.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
50
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs): An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve Infectious Diseases Outcomes
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
Abstract Neutrophils possess a diverse repertoire of pathogen clearance mechanisms, one of which is the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are complexes of histone proteins and DNA coated with proteolytic enzymes that are released extracellularly to entrap pathogens and aid in their clearance, in a process known as NETosis. Intravascular NETosis may drive a massive inflammatory response that has been shown to contribute to morbidity and mortality in many infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, influenza, bacterial sepsis, and SARS-CoV-2 infection.In this review we seek to: (1) summarize the current understanding of NETs; (2) discuss infectious diseases in which NET formation contributes to morbidity and mortality; and (3) explore potential adjunctive therapeutics that may be considered for future study in treating severe infections driven by NET pathophysiology. This includes drugs specifically targeting NET inhibition and FDA-approved drugs that may be repurposed as NET inhibitors.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed