47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (omicron) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
182 emner vises.
151
Rapid implementation of home oxygen treatment and remote monitoring for COVID-19 patients at the verge of the Omicron wave in Turku, Finland
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
Abstract Background In Turku, Finland, we introduced a home oxygen treatment and app-based monitoring program for hospitalized COVID-19 patients to facilitate an early discharge during the Omicron wave. In this case series we explore the clinical parameters of patients enrolled in the program and evaluate the cost–benefit and safety issues of the program. Methods Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with marked hypoxemia but otherwise in stable condition were screened from Turku City Hospital and Turku University Hospital by treating doctors for eligibility in the program. Peripheral oxygen saturation of > 92% and breathing frequency
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
152
A deterministic compartmental model for the transition between variants in the spread of Covid-19 in Italy
Mario Saviano, Annalisa Fierro, Antonella Liccardo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
by Mario Saviano, Annalisa Fierro, Antonella Liccardo We propose a deterministic epidemic model to describe the transition between two variants of the same virus, through the combination of a series of realistic mechanisms such as partial cross immunity, waning immunity for vaccinated individuals and a novel data-based algorithm to describe the average immunological status of the population. The model is validated on the evolution of Covid-19 in Italy, during the period in which the transition between Delta and Omicron variant occurred, with very satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. According to our model, if the vaccine efficacy had been equal against Delta and Omicron variant infections, the transition would have been smoothed and the epidemic would have gone extinct. This circumstance confirms the fundamental role of vaccines in combating the epidemic, and the importance of identifying vaccines capable of intercepting new variants.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
153
Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 genetic variation in immunocompromised patients: a retrospective case-control study
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.11.2023
Tilføjet 15.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundA SARS-CoV-2 infection lasts longer in immunocompromised hosts than in immunocompetent patients. Prolonged infection is associated with a higher probability of selection for novel SARS-CoV-2 mutations, particularly in the spike protein, a critical target for vaccines and therapeutics.MethodsFrom December 2020 to September 2022, respiratory samples from 444 immunocompromised patients and 234 healthcare workers positive for SARS-CoV-2, diagnosed at two hospitals in Paris, France, were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing using Nanopore technology. Custom scripts were developed to assess the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity between the two groups and within the host.ResultsMost infections were SARS-CoV-2 Delta or Omicron lineages. Viral genetic diversity was significantly higher in infections of immunocompromised patients than those of controls. Minor mutations were identified in viruses sequenced from immunocompromised individuals, which became signature mutations for newer SARS-CoV-2 variants as the epidemic progressed. Two patients were co-infected with Delta and Omicron variants. The follow-up of immunocompromised patients revealed that the SARS-CoV-2 genome evolution differed in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.ConclusionsThis study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients is associated with higher genetic diversity, which could lead to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants with possible immune evasion or different virulence characteristics.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
154
Are people living with HIV have a low vulnerability to omicron variant infection: results from a cross-sectional study in China
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.11.2023
Tilføjet 14.11.2023
Abstract Background A surge of more than 80 million Omicron variant infected cases was reported in China less than a month after the "zero COVID" strategy ended on December 7, 2022. In this circumstance, whether people living with HIV (PLWH) in China experience a similar risk is not clear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Wuchang District of Wuhan between December 20, 2022, and January 18, 2023 through a self-administered online survey. PLWH and HIV-negative people aged ≥ 18 years old who volunteered for this survey were eligible. The prevalence of Omicron variant infection between PLWH and HIV-negative people was compared, and the factors associated with the Omicron variant infection among PLWH and HIV-negative people were further evaluated, respectively. Results In total, 890 PLWH and 1,364 HIV-negative adults from Wuchang District were enrolled. Among these participants, 690 PLWH (77.5%) and 1163 HIV-negative people (85.3%) reported SARS-CoV-2 infection. Gender, chronic disease conditions, and COVID-19 vaccination status significantly differed between the two groups. After adjusting gender, age, comorbidities, and COVID-19 vaccination status, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among PLWH was significantly lower than among HIV-negative people (aOR 0.56, 95%CI 0.42–0.76). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that PLWH with older age and detectable HIV-viral load (HIV-VL) had decreased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR 0.98, 95%CI 0.96–0.99; aOR 0.59, 95%CI 0.36–0.97). Compared with PLWH receiving one/two doses of COVID-19 vaccines, no significant differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection were observed among PLWH receiving three doses of inactivated vaccines and four doses of vaccines (three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant adenovirus type 5 (AD5)-vectored vaccine). Among HIV-negative people, those receiving four doses of COVID-19 vaccines had a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than those receiving one/two doses (aOR 0.14, 95%CI 0.08–0.25). Conclusions Our study proves that PLWH have a lower risk of Omicron variant infection than HIV-negative people. However, even PLWH with younger age and virological suppression should strengthen the prevention against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Three doses of inactivated vaccines plus one dose of inhaled recombinant AD5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine may provide better protection for HIV-negative people.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
155
SARS-CoV-2 trends in Italy, Germany and Portugal and school opening during the period of Omicron variant dominance: a quasi-experimental study
Federica Bellerba, Nils Bardeck, Michael Boehm, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Sara Raimondi, Elisa Tomezzoli, Mafalda Silva Miranda, Inês Martins Alves, Daniela Alves, Ana Abecasis, Valeria Gabellone, Elisa Gabrielli, Giulia Vaglio, Elham Shamsara, Nico Pfeifer, Chiara Mommo, Francesca Incardona, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Gandini
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.11.2023
Tilføjet 12.11.2023
As part of the global reaction to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary and secondary schools were closed to on-site learning in many countries. This decision was based on data extrapolated from influenza transmission models, which suggested that closing schools could help reduce the spread of infections[1]. However, the effectiveness of this measure for SARS-CoV-2 was unclear. Several studies about the impact of school openings found conflicting results on community transmission, with some suggesting substantial increases in positivity rates[2], and others suggesting a small impact[3], [4] or no effect after adjusting for community incidence[5]–[7].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
156
Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and post COVID-19 condition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Abstract Background While many studies on the determinants of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) have been conducted, little is known about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC. This study aimed to assess the association between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the probability of having PCC three months after the infection. Methods This study was a longitudinal cohort study conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 in Belgium. In total, 8,238 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. The primary outcomes were the PCC status three months post infection and seven PCC symptoms categories (neurocognitive, autonomic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, anosmia and/or dysgeusia, and other manifestations). The main exposure variable was the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron), extracted from national surveillance data. The association between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC as well as PCC symptoms categories was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The proportion of PCC among participants infected during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-dominant periods was significantly different and respectively 50%, 50%, and 37%. Participants infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a significantly higher odds of having PCC than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–1.96 and OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.54–1.93, respectively). Participants infected during the Alpha and Delta-dominant periods were more likely to report neurocognitive, respiratory, and anosmia/dysgeusia symptoms of PCC. Conclusions People infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a higher probability of having PCC three months after infection than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period. The lower probability of PCC with the Omicron variant must also be interpreted in absolute figures. Indeed, the number of infections with the Omicron variant being higher than with the Alpha and Delta variants, it is possible that the overall prevalence of PCC in the population increases, even if the probability of having a PCC decreases.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
157
Review: The Landscape of Antiviral Therapy for COVID-19 in the Era of Widespread Population Immunity and Omicron-Lineage Viruses
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
AbstractThe goals of COVID-19 antiviral therapy early in the pandemic were to prevent severe disease, hospitalization, and death. As these outcomes have become infrequent in the age of widespread population immunity, the objectives have shifted. For the general population, COVID-19-directed antiviral therapy should decrease symptom severity and duration and minimize infectiousness and for immunocompromised individuals, antiviral therapy should reduce severe outcomes and persistent infection. The increased recognition of virologic rebound following ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (NMV/r) and the lack of randomized controlled trial data showing benefit of antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection for standard-risk, vaccinated individuals remain major knowledge gaps. Here, we review data for selected antiviral agents and immunomodulators currently available or in late-stage clinical trials for use in outpatients. We do not review antibody products, convalescent plasma, systemic corticosteroids, IL-6 inhibitors, Janus kinase inhibitors, or agents which lack FDA approval or emergency use authorization or are not appropriate for outpatients.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
158
A fatal course of COVID-19 during the Omicron surge: can you estimate your patients’ SARS-CoV-2 immune status?
Infection, 10.11.2023
Tilføjet 10.11.2023
Abstract We present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
159
Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and post COVID-19 condition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background While many studies on the determinants of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) have been conducted, little is known about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC. This study aimed to assess the association between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the probability of having PCC three months after the infection. Methods This study was a longitudinal cohort study conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 in Belgium. In total, 8,238 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. The primary outcomes were the PCC status three months post infection and seven PCC symptoms categories (neurocognitive, autonomic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, anosmia and/or dysgeusia, and other manifestations). The main exposure variable was the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron), extracted from national surveillance data. The association between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC as well as PCC symptoms categories was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The proportion of PCC among participants infected during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-dominant periods was significantly different and respectively 50%, 50%, and 37%. Participants infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a significantly higher odds of having PCC than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–1.96 and OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.54–1.93, respectively). Participants infected during the Alpha and Delta-dominant periods were more likely to report neurocognitive, respiratory, and anosmia/dysgeusia symptoms of PCC. Conclusions People infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a higher probability of having PCC three months after infection than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period. The lower probability of PCC with the Omicron variant must also be interpreted in absolute figures. Indeed, the number of infections with the Omicron variant being higher than with the Alpha and Delta variants, it is possible that the overall prevalence of PCC in the population increases, even if the probability of having a PCC decreases.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
160
Association between SARS-CoV-2 variants and post COVID-19 condition: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in the Belgian adult population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
Abstract Background While many studies on the determinants of post-COVID-19 conditions (PCC) have been conducted, little is known about the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC. This study aimed to assess the association between different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the probability of having PCC three months after the infection. Methods This study was a longitudinal cohort study conducted between April 2021 and September 2022 in Belgium. In total, 8,238 adults with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were followed up between the time of their infection and three months later. The primary outcomes were the PCC status three months post infection and seven PCC symptoms categories (neurocognitive, autonomic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, musculoskeletal, anosmia and/or dysgeusia, and other manifestations). The main exposure variable was the type of SARS-CoV-2 variants (i.e. Alpha, Delta, and Omicron), extracted from national surveillance data. The association between the different SARS-CoV-2 variants and PCC as well as PCC symptoms categories was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results The proportion of PCC among participants infected during the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-dominant periods was significantly different and respectively 50%, 50%, and 37%. Participants infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a significantly higher odds of having PCC than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33–1.96 and OR = 1.73, 95%CI = 1.54–1.93, respectively). Participants infected during the Alpha and Delta-dominant periods were more likely to report neurocognitive, respiratory, and anosmia/dysgeusia symptoms of PCC. Conclusions People infected during the Alpha- and Delta-dominant periods had a higher probability of having PCC three months after infection than those infected during the Omicron-dominant period. The lower probability of PCC with the Omicron variant must also be interpreted in absolute figures. Indeed, the number of infections with the Omicron variant being higher than with the Alpha and Delta variants, it is possible that the overall prevalence of PCC in the population increases, even if the probability of having a PCC decreases.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
161
Predictors of disease severity in SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron variant XBB sublineages and variants of interest
Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam, Oon Tek Ng, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Qi Gao, Ai Jia Soong, Joel Han Wen Teo, Shannon Low, Shawn Vasoo, Jia Hui Li, Koh Cheng Thoon, Helen Oh, Surinder Kaur M S Pada, Say Tat Ooi, Jade Soh, Hei Man Wong, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
162
Omicron breakthrough infections in vaccinated or previously infected hamsters
Jie ZhouKsenia SukhovaThomas P. PeacockPaul F. McKayJonathan C. BrownRebecca FriseLaury BaillonMaya MosheRuthiran KugathasanRobin J. ShattockWendy S. BarclayaDepartment of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 9.11.2023
Tilføjet 9.11.2023
163
Risk factors of long COVID 6–12 months after infection with the Omicron variant among nonhospitalized patients
Guangting Zeng, Zanling Zhang, Linlin Wang, Jianqiang Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
164
A fatal course of COVID-19 during the Omicron surge: can you estimate your patients’ SARS-CoV-2 immune status?
Infection, 7.11.2023
Tilføjet 7.11.2023
Abstract We present a case of an ultimately fatal course of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-19) in an 81-year-old female patient during the Omicron surge. The patient did not represent the typical patient at risk for severe COVID-19 with significant causes of immunodeficiency. However, she had been skeptical about the vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and had refused it. Moreover, there had been no previous COVID-19 episodes. Our case report illustrates that with regard to SARS-CoV-2, immunologically naive patients are still at risk for severe and/or even fatal courses of COVID-19. We call to implement both, recommendations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations as well as for antiviral treatment.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
165
IgG antibody levels against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in mother–child dyads after COVID-19 vaccination
Infection, 5.11.2023
Tilføjet 5.11.2023
Abstract Purpose We aimed to assess IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG) in vaccinated mothers and their infants at delivery and 2–3 months of age. Methods We conducted a prospective study on mothers who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, or Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S) during pregnancy and on their infants. The baseline was at the time of delivery (n = 93), and the end of follow-up was 2 to 3 months post-partum (n = 53). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2 binding inhibition levels were quantified by immunoassays. Results Mothers and infants had high anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers against the B.1 lineage at birth. However, while antibody titers were maintained at 2–3 months post-partum in mothers, they decreased significantly in infants (p 0.8, p
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
166
Comparison of anti‐nucleocapsid antibody assays for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron vaccine breakthroughs after various intervals since the infection
David Niklas Springer, Elisabeth Reuberger, Christian Borsodi, Elisabeth Puchhammer‐Stöckl, Lukas Weseslindtner
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
167
Assessing the COVID-19 vaccination program during the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) epidemic in early 2022, Tokyo
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. Methods We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. Results Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624–655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4–8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10–49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. Conclusions The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
168
Assessing the COVID-19 vaccination program during the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) epidemic in early 2022, Tokyo
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. Methods We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. Results Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624–655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4–8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10–49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. Conclusions The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
169
Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection: a target trial emulation
Carlos K. H. Wong, Kristy T. K. Lau, Matthew S. H. Chung, Ivan C. H. Au, Ka Wang Cheung, Eric H. Y. Lau, Yasmin Daoud, Benjamin J. Cowling, Gabriel M. Leung
Nature, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
170
Comparison of the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) infected patients from a single hospitalist service
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background While existing evidence suggests less severe clinical manifestations and lower mortality are associated with the Omicron variant as compared to the Delta variant. However, these studies fail to control for differences in health systems facilities and providers. By comparing patients hospitalized on a single medical service during the Delta and Omicron surges we were able to conduct a more accurate comparison of the two varaints’ clinical manifestations and outcomes. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 364 Omicron (BA.1) infected patients on a single hospitalist service and compared these findings to a retrospective analysis of 241 Delta variant infected patients managed on the same service. We examined differences in symptoms, laboratory measures, and clinical severity between the two variants and assessed potential risk drivers for case mortality. Findings Patients infected with Omicron were older and had more underlying medical conditions increasing their risk of death. Although they were less severely ill and required less supplemental oxygen and dexamethasone, in-hospital mortality was similar to Delta cases, 7.14% vs. 4.98% for Delta (q-value = 0.38). Patients older than 60 years or with immunocompromised conditions had much higher risk of death during hospitalization, with estimated odds ratios of 17.46 (95% CI: 5.05, 110.51) and 2.80 (1.03, 7.08) respectively. Neither vaccine history nor variant type played a significant role in case fatality. The Rothman score, NEWS-2 score, level of neutrophils, level of care, age, and creatinine level at admission were highly predictive of in-hospital death. Interpretation In hospitalized patients, the Omicron variant is less virulent than the Delta variant but is associated with a comparable mortality. Clinical and laboratory features at admission are informative about the risk of death.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
171
Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against ICU admission during Omicron surge in Saudi Arabia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused significant economic damage and forced a slew of limitations to be placed by regulatory bodies worldwide. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continuously mutates over time, it’s crucial to understand how well the vaccines are effective against a new variant. Objectives To measure COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against ICU admission with the Omicron variant in Saudi Arabia regions. Methods and materials A retrospective cohort study was conducted of vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals who tested positive during Omicron dominant period (Jan 1, 2020- Jun 11, 2022). We used a Cox proportional hazards model based on calendar time to assess the vaccine’s effectiveness while controlling for age and gender. Results A total of 14103 individuals who were divided into fully vaccinated included 8388 (59.5%) individuals, partially vaccinated included 1851 (13.5%) individuals, and un-vaccinated included 3864 (27.4%) individuals. Higher age was associated with a higher risk of ICU admission (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04). Three doses are associated with a lower risk of ICU admission compared to the single dose (HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20). By studying the distribution of Omicron infection among different regions, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah had the highest proportion at 60.23 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 57.05, 63.53). In contrast, Al-jouf had the lowest proportion at 4.51 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 2.891, 6.713). The vaccination status was significantly different in different regions, as the highest proportion of fully vaccinated participants inhabited in Tabouk region, with 71.8% of its cases. Out of all regions, Najran had the highest proportion of ICU admission among Omicron cases with 20% (95% CI: 9.94%, 34.22%). While the lowest rates existed in Riyadh with 0.86% (95%CI: 0.61%, 1.17%). Conclusion We found that a booster significantly enhanced protection against severe COVID-19. The partially vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were at significantly higher risk of ICU admission when compared to the fully vaccinated participants. Furthermore, in future, it is worth investigating the effectiveness of a booster when other potential factors (e.g., region, comorbidities, etc.) are included, particularly among future variants of COVID-19.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
172
[Articles] Efficacy of a bivalent (D614 + B.1.351) SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine with AS03 adjuvant in adults: a phase 3, parallel, randomised, modified double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Gustavo H Dayan, Nadine Rouphael, Stephen R Walsh, Aiying Chen, Nicole Grunenberg, Mary Allen, Johannes Antony, Kwaku Poku Asante, Amit Suresh Bhate, Tatiana Beresnev, Matthew I Bonaparte, Médéric Celle, Maria Angeles Ceregido, Lawrence Corey, Dmytro Dobrianskyi, Bo Fu, Marie-Helene Grillet, Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi, Michal Juraska, Jia Jin Kee, Hannah Kibuuka, Marguerite Koutsoukos, Roger Masotti, Nelson L Michael, Kathleen M Neuzil, Humberto Reynales, Merlin L Robb, Sandra M Villagómez Martínez, Fredrick Sawe, Lode Schuerman, Tina Tong, John Treanor, T Anh Wartel, Carlos A Diazgranados, Roman M Chicz, Sanjay Gurunathan, Stephen Savarino, Saranya Sridhar, VAT00008 Study Team
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 31.10.2023
Tilføjet 31.10.2023
The bivalent variant vaccine conferred heterologous protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in the epidemiological context of the circulating contemporary omicron variant. These findings suggest that vaccines developed with an antigen from a non-predominant strain could confer cross-protection against newly emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants, although further investigation is warranted.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
173
Multidimensional dynamic prediction model for hospitalized patients with the omicron variant in China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 2.10.2023
Tilføjet 2.10.2023
Publication date: Available online 2 October 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Yujie Chen, Yao Wang, Jieqing Chen, Xudong Ma, Longxiang Su, Yuna Wei, Linfeng Li, Dandan Ma, Feng Zhang, Wen Zhu, Xiaoyang Meng, Guoqiang Sun, Lian Ma, Huizhen Jiang, Chang Yin, Taisheng Li, Xiang Zhou, China National Critical Care Quality Control Center Group
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
174
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infection drives late remodeling of the memory B cell repertoire in vaccinated individuals
Immunity, 5.08.2023
Tilføjet 5.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 4 August 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Aurélien Sokal, Giovanna Barba-Spaeth, Lise Hunault, Ignacio Fernández, Matteo Broketa, Annalisa Meola, Slim Fourati, Imane Azzaoui, Alexis Vandenberghe, Pauline Lagouge-Roussey, Manon Broutin, Anais Roeser, Magali Bouvier-Alias, Etienne Crickx, Laetitia Languille, Morgane Fournier, Marc Michel, Bertrand Godeau, Sébastien Gallien, Giovanna Melica
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
175
Analysis of the effect of PCR testing and antigen testing on controlling the transmission for Omicron based on different scenarios
Infectious Disease Modelling, 25.07.2023
Tilføjet 25.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Wentao Song, Buasiyamu Abudunaibi, Zeyu Zhao, Weikang Liu, Xiaolan Wang, Tianmu Chen
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
176
Clinical efficacy of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 monoclonal antibodies in preventing hospitalisation and mortality among patients infected with Omicron variants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Danijela Miljanovic; Andja Cirkovic; Ivana Lazarevic; Aleksandra Knezevic; Maja Cupic; Ana Banko;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Until now, the treatment protocols for COVID‐19 have been revised multiple times. The use and approval of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for COVID‐19 treatment represent exceptional achievements in modern science, technology and medicine. SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron evasion of pre‐existing immunity represents a serious public health problem nowadays. This systematic review with meta‐analysis provided comprehensive and up‐to‐date evidence of the clinical efficacy of therapeutic anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs against Omicron subvariants in COVID‐19 patients and included 10 articles. The prevalence of hospitalisation among Omicron‐positive patients treated with anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs was 2.8% (89/3169) while it controls (Omicron‐positive patients treated with other therapies) 11% (154/1371). There was a statistically significantly different number of hospitalisations between the two studied groups in favour of the anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 mAbs treated group. (OR = 0.56, 95% CI OR = 0.41–0.77,
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
177
Mathematical modeling for Delta and Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics in Greece
Infectious Disease Modelling, 6.07.2023
Tilføjet 6.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 6 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sofia Liossi, E. Tsiambas, S. Maipas, E. Papageorgiou, A. Lazaris, N. Kavantzas
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
178
Forecast for peak infections in the second wave of the Omicron after the adjustment of zero-COVID policy in the mainland of China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 30.05.2023
Tilføjet 30.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 30 May 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sheng-Tao Wang, Yong-Ping Wu, Li Li, Yong Li, Gui-Quan Sun
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
179
Multi-dimensional Dissection of Blood Components reveals an Uncanonical Immune Landscape in SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Patients
Immunity, 17.05.2023
Tilføjet 17.05.2023
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Hong Wang, Cuicui Liu, Xiaowei Xie, Mingming Niu, Yingrui Wang, Xuelian Cheng, Biao Zhang, Dong Zhang, Mengyao Liu, Rui Sun, Yezi Ma, Shihui Ma, Huijun Wang, Guoqing Zhu, Yang Lu, Baiming Huang, Pei Su, Xiaoyuan Chen, Jingjing Zhao, Hongtao Wang
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
180
Effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and maternal and neonatal outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Masoud Rahmati; Dong Keon Yon; Seung Won Lee; Laurie Butler; Ai Koyanagi; Louis Jacob; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, but no systematic synthesis of evidence on COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy against these outcomes has been undertaken. Thus, we aimed to assess the collective evidence on the effects of COVID‐19 vaccination during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes. PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE were systematically searched for articles published up to 1 November 2022. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed to calculate pooled effects size and 95% confidence interval (CI). We evaluated 30 studies involving 862,272 individuals (308,428 vaccinated and 553,844 unvaccinated). Overall pooled analyses in pregnant women during pregnancy showed reduced risks of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by 60% (41%–73%), COVID‐19 hospitalisation during pregnancy by 53% (31%–69%), and COVID‐19 intensive care unit (ICU) admission by 82% (12%–99%). Neonates of vaccinated women were 1.78 folds more likely to acquire SARS‐CoV‐2 infection during the first 2, 4 and 6 months of life during the Omicron period. The risk of stillbirth was reduced by 45% (17%–63%) in association with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy. A decrease of 15% (3%–25%), 33% (14%–48%), and 33% (17%–46%) in the odds of preterm births before 37, 32 and 28 weeks\' gestation were associated with vaccination (vs. no vaccination) in pregnancy, respectively. The risk of neonatal ICU admission was significantly lower by 20% following COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy (16%–24%). There was no evidence of a higher risk of adverse outcomes including miscarriage, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, cardiac problems, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, unassisted vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery, postpartum haemorrhage, gestational age at delivery, placental abruption, Apgar score at 5 min below 7, low birthweight (
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
181
Genetics, structure, transmission, epidemiology, immune response, and vaccine efficacies of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta variant: A comprehensive review
Han Li; Chelsea‐Jane Arcalas; Junmin Song; Masoud Rahmati; Seoyeon Park; Ai Koyanagi; Seung Won Lee; Dong Keon Yon; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Delta variant (B.1.617.2) was the predominant variant behind the surges of COVID‐19 in the United States, Europe, and India in the second half of 2021. The information available regarding the defining mutations and their effects on the structure, transmission, and vaccine efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 is constantly evolving. With waning vaccine immunity and relaxation of social distancing policies across the globe driving the increased spread of the Delta variant, there is a great need for a resource aggregating the most recent information for clinicians and researchers concerning the Delta variant. Accordingly, this narrative review comprehensively reviews the genetics, structure, epidemiology, clinical course, and vaccine efficacy of the Delta variant. Comparison with the omicron variant is also discussed. The Delta variant is defined by 15 mutations in the Spike protein, most of which increase affinity for the ACE‐2 receptor or enhance immune escape. The Delta variant causes similar symptoms to prototypical COVID‐19, but it is more likely to be severe, with a greater inflammatory phenotype and viral load. The reproduction number is estimated to be approximately twice the prototypical strains present during the early pandemic, and numerous breakthrough infections have been reported. Despite studies demonstrating breakthrough infection and reduced antibody neutralisation, full vaccination effectively reduces the likelihood of severe illness and hospitalisation.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
182
Clinical performance of rapid antigen tests in comparison to RT‐PCR for SARS‐COV‐2 diagnosis in Omicron variant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Zahra Eslami Mohammadie; Saeed Akhlaghi; Saeed Samaeinasab; Shakiba Shaterzadeh‐Bojd; Tannaz Jamialahmadi; Amirhossein Sahebkar;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The Omicron variant of concern has a high level of mutations in different genes that has raised awareness about the performance of immunological products such as vaccines and antigen detection kits. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigated whether Omicron had a significant influence on rapid antigen test (RAT) performance in comparison to PCR. We registered this systematic review and meta‐analysis in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022355510. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases systematically to 1 August 2022. After article screening, we assessed the quality of the included studies based on the JBI checklist. Following data extraction, we performed a meta‐analysis using R software. We included 18 qualified articles presenting sufficient data about RATs performance in comparison to RT‐PCR in Omicron infections. The pooled specificity and sensitivity of RATs were 1.000 (0.997–1.000) and 0.671 (0.595–0.721), respectively. The FDA‐approved kits showed a better performance than WHO‐approved ones with a sensitivity of 0.728 (0.620–0.815). The use of RATs with nasal swabs showed a higher sensitivity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. The sensitivity for samples with a CT‐value >25 was 0.108 (0.048–0.227). Rapid antigen tests show impaired performance for COVID‐19 diagnosis when the Omicron variant is circulating, particularly in samples with low viral loads.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed