47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
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1251
Partners in crime: Autoantibodies complicit in COVID‐19 pathogenesis
Mahdi Taghadosi; Elham Safarzadeh; Ali Asgarzadeh; Seyed Askar Roghani; Afsaneh Shamsi; Cyrus Jalili; Shirin Assar; Parviz Soufivand; Mehran Pournazari; Parisa Feizollahi; Mohammad Hossein Nicknam; Vahid Asghariazar; Siavash Vaziri; Hossein Shahriari; Asadollah Mohammadi;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Autoantibodies (AABs) play a critical role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) and serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in assessing these complex disorders. Viral infections have long been recognized as a principal environmental factor affecting the production of AABs and the development of autoimmunity. COVID‐19 has primarily been considered a hyperinflammatory syndrome triggered by a cytokine storm. In the following, the role of maladaptive B cell response and AABs became more apparent in COVID‐19 pathogenesis. The current review will primarily focus on the role of extrafollicular B cell response, Toll‐like receptor‐7 (TLR‐7) activation, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in the development of AABs following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. In the following, this review will clarify how these AABs dysregulate immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 by disrupting cytokine function and triggering neutrophil hyper‐reactivity. Finally, the pathologic effects of these AABs will be further described in COVID‐19 associate clinical manifestations, including venous and arterial thrombosis, a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS‐C), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and recently described post‐acute sequelae of COVID‐19 (PASC) or long‐COVID.
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1252
COVID‐19 susceptibility and clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease: An updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Min Ho Lee; Han Jacob Li; Paul Wasuwanich; Sung Eun Kim; Jong Yeob Kim; Gwang Hun Jeong; Seoyeon Park; Jae Won Yang; Min Seo Kim; Dong Keon Yon; Seung Won Lee; Ai Koyanagi; Louis Jacob; Eun‐Young Kim; Jae Hee Cheon; Jae Il Shin; Lee Smith;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The susceptibility, risk factors, and prognosis of COVID‐19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remain unknown. Thus, our study aims to assess the prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in IBD. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and medRxiv from 2019 to 1 June 2022 for cohort and case‐control studies comparing the prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID‐19 in patients with IBD and in the general population. We also compared the outcomes of patients receiving and not receiving 5‐aminosalicylates (ASA), tumour necrosis factor antagonists, biologics, systemic corticosteroids, or immunomodulators for IBD. Thirty five studies were eligible for our analysis. Pooled odds ratio of COVID‐19‐related hospitalisation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death in IBD compared to in non‐IBD were 0.58 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.28–1.18), 1.09 (95% CI = 0.27–4.47), and 0.67 (95% CI = 0.32–1.42), respectively. Inflammatory bowel disease was not associated with increased hospitalisation, ICU admission, or death. Susceptibility to COVID‐19 did not increase with any drugs for IBD. Hospitalisation, ICU admission, and death were more likely with 5‐ASA and corticosteroid use. COVID‐19‐related hospitalisation (Odds Ratio (OR): 0.53; 95% CI = 0.38–0.74) and death (OR: 0.13; 95% CI = 0.13–0.70) were less likely with Crohn\'s disease than ulcerative colitis (UC). In conclusion, IBD does not increase the mortality and morbidity of COVID‐19. However, physicians should be aware that additional monitoring is needed in UC patients or in patients taking 5‐ASA or systemic corticosteroids.
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1253
Clinical performance of rapid antigen tests in comparison to RT‐PCR for SARS‐COV‐2 diagnosis in Omicron variant: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Zahra Eslami Mohammadie; Saeed Akhlaghi; Saeed Samaeinasab; Shakiba Shaterzadeh‐Bojd; Tannaz Jamialahmadi; Amirhossein Sahebkar;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The Omicron variant of concern has a high level of mutations in different genes that has raised awareness about the performance of immunological products such as vaccines and antigen detection kits. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we investigated whether Omicron had a significant influence on rapid antigen test (RAT) performance in comparison to PCR. We registered this systematic review and meta‐analysis in PROSPERO with the registration number CRD42022355510. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases systematically to 1 August 2022. After article screening, we assessed the quality of the included studies based on the JBI checklist. Following data extraction, we performed a meta‐analysis using R software. We included 18 qualified articles presenting sufficient data about RATs performance in comparison to RT‐PCR in Omicron infections. The pooled specificity and sensitivity of RATs were 1.000 (0.997–1.000) and 0.671 (0.595–0.721), respectively. The FDA‐approved kits showed a better performance than WHO‐approved ones with a sensitivity of 0.728 (0.620–0.815). The use of RATs with nasal swabs showed a higher sensitivity compared with nasopharyngeal swabs. The sensitivity for samples with a CT‐value >25 was 0.108 (0.048–0.227). Rapid antigen tests show impaired performance for COVID‐19 diagnosis when the Omicron variant is circulating, particularly in samples with low viral loads.
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1254
The immune paradox of SARS‐CoV‐2: Lymphocytopenia and autoimmunity evoking features in COVID‐19 and possible treatment modalities
Joachim Gerlach; Abdul Mannan Baig; Mark Fabrowski; Valentina Viduto;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
SARS‐CoV‐2 causes multiorgan damage to vital organs and tissue that are known to be due to a combination of tissue tropisms and cytokine‐mediated damage that it can incite in COVID‐19. The effects of SARS‐Co‐2 on the lymphocytes and therefore on the immune response have attracted attention recently in COVID‐19 to understand its effects in causing a chronic state of ongoing infection with Long‐COVID. The associated lymphopaenia and autoimmune disease state, which is an apparent paradox, needs to be researched to dissect possible mechanisms underlying this state. This paper attempts to unravel the aforesaid immune paradox effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 on the lymphocytes and discusses appropriate treatment modalities with antiviral drugs and nutraceuticals which could prove virucidal in SARS‐CoV‐2 seeding monocytes and lymphocytes in patients with COVID‐19 and Long‐COVID. Importantly it proposes a new in vitro treatment modality of immune regulating cells that can help patients fight the lymphopaenia associated with COVID‐19 and Long‐COVID.
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1255
Quercetin for the treatment of COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema; Aruba Sohail; Areej Fatima; Abia Shahid; Muhammad Shahzil; Mohammad Ebad Ur Rehman; Rehmat Ullah Awan; Sampath Chinnam; Abdulqadir J. Nashwan;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Currently approved therapies for COVID‐19 are mostly limited by their low availability, high costs or the requirement of parenteral administration by trained medical personnel in an in‐hospital setting. Quercetin is a cheap and easily accessible therapeutic option for COVID‐19 patients. However, it has not been evaluated in a systematic review until now. We aimed to conduct a meta‐analysis to assess the effect of quercetin on clinical outcomes in COVID‐19 patients. Various databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase were searched from inception until 5 October 2022 and results from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were pooled using a random‐effects model. All analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.4 with odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure. Quercetin decreased the risk of intensive care unit admission (OR = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10–0.99) and the incidence of hospitalisation (OR = 0.25; 95% CI 0.10–0.62) but did not decrease the risk of all‐cause mortality and the rate of no recovery. Quercetin may be of benefit in COVID‐19 patients, especially if administered in its phytosome formulation which greatly enhances its bioavailability but large‐scale RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.
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1256
Efficacy and safety of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab as pre‐exposure prophylaxis for COVID‐19: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Arto Yuwono Soeroto; Theo Audi Yanto; Andree Kurniawan; Timotius Ivan Hariyanto;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
Some proportions of populations, such as immunocompromised patients and organ transplant recipients might have inadequate immune responses to the vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). For these groups of populations, administering monoclonal antibodies might offer some additional protection. This review sought to analyze the effectiveness and safety of tixagevimab‐cilgavimab (Evusheld) as pre‐exposure prophylaxis against COVID‐19. We used specific keywords to comprehensively search for potential studies on PubMed, Scopus, Europe PMC, and sources until 3 September 2022. We collected all published articles that analyzed tixagevimab‐cilgavimab on the course of COVID‐19. Review Manager 5.4 was utilized for statistical analysis. Six studies were included. Our pooled analysis revealed that tixagevimab‐cilgavimab prophylaxis may decrease the rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.15–0.40,
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1257
Anakinra was not associated with lower mortality in hospitalised COVID‐19 patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Wenli Shang; Yingying Zhang; Guizuo Wang; Dong Han;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The Coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues, and the death toll continues to surge. This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of anakinra on mortality in patients with COVID‐19. A systematic search was made of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov, without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials on treatment of COVID‐19 with anakinra, compared with placebo or blank, were reviewed. Studies were pooled to risk ratios (RRs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Five Randomized controlled trials (enrolling 1859 participants) met the inclusion criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in 14‐day mortality (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.43–1.39; = 0.40), 28‐day mortality (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.89–1.26; = 0.51), and 90‐day mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.73–1.39; = 0.97) between the two groups. Sensitivity analyses further confirmed these results. Anakinra was not associated with reduced mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID‐19. Anakinra probably should not be used routinely in COVID‐19 patients.
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1258
B‐cell lymphoma‐2 family proteins‐activated proteases as potential therapeutic targets for influenza A virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2: Killing two birds with one stone?
Sourabh Soni; Yohannes A. Mebratu;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 24.04.2023
Tilføjet 24.04.2023
The COVID‐19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has led to a global health emergency. There are many similarities between SARS‐CoV‐2 and influenza A virus (IAV); both are single‐stranded RNA viruses infecting airway epithelial cells and have similar modes of replication and transmission. Like IAVs, SARS‐CoV‐2 infections poses serious challenges due to the lack of effective therapeutic interventions, frequent appearances of new strains of the virus, and development of drug resistance. New approaches to control these infectious agents may stem from cellular factors or pathways that directly or indirectly interact with viral proteins to enhance or inhibit virus replication. One of the emerging concepts is that host cellular factors and pathways are required for maintaining viral genome integrity, which is essential for viral replication. Although IAVs have been studied for several years and many cellular proteins involved in their replication and pathogenesis have been identified, very little is known about how SARS‐CoV‐2 hijacks host cellular proteins to promote their replication. IAV induces apoptotic cell death, mediated by the B‐cell lymphoma‐2 (Bcl‐2) family proteins in infected epithelia, and the pro‐apoptotic members of this family promotes viral replication by activating host cell proteases. This review compares the life cycle and mode of replication of IAV and SARS‐CoV‐2 and examines the potential roles of host cellular proteins, belonging to the Bcl‐2 family, in SARS‐CoV‐2 replication to provide future research directions.
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1259
Immunological imprinting: Understanding COVID-19
Immunity, 19.04.2023
Tilføjet 19.04.2023
Publication date: Available online 19 April 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Marios Koutsakos, Ali H. Ellebedy
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