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1
Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication - Worldwide, January 2022-December 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
This report describes the status of polio eradication during January 1, 2022-December 31, 2023.
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2
Anorectal lymphogranuloma venereum among men who have sex with men: a 3-year nationwide survey, France, 2020 to 2022
Olivia Peuchant, Cécile Laurier-Nadalié, Laura Albucher, Carla Balcon, Amandine Dolzy, Nadège Hénin, Arabella Touati, Cécile Bébéar and on behalf of the Anachla study group
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
BackgroundIn France, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) testing switched from universal to selective testing in 2016. AimTo investigate changes in LGV-affected populations, we performed a nationwide survey based on temporarily reinstated universal LGV testing from 2020 to 2022. MethodsEach year, during three consecutive months, laboratories voluntarily sent anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis-positive samples from men and women to the National Reference Centre for bacterial sexually transmitted infections. We collected patients’ demographic, clinical and biological data. Genovars L of C. trachomatis were detected using real-time PCR. In LGV-positive samples, the ompA gene was sequenced. ResultsIn 2020, LGV positivity was 12.7% (146/1,147), 15.2% (138/907) in 2021 and 13.3% (151/1,137) in 2022 (p > 0.05). It occurred predominantly in men who have sex with men (MSM), with rare cases among transgender women. The proportion of HIV-negative individuals was higher than that of those living with HIV. Asymptomatic rectal LGV increased from 36.1% (44/122) in 2020 to 52.4% (66/126) in 2022 (p = 0.03). Among users of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), LGV positivity was 13.8% (49/354) in 2020, 15.6% (38/244) in 2021 and 10.9% (36/331) in 2022, and up to 50% reported no anorectal symptoms. Diversity of the LGV ompA genotypes in the Paris region increased during the survey period. An unexpectedly high number of ompA genotype L1 variant was reported in 2022. ConclusionIn rectal samples from MSM in France, LGV positivity was stable, but the proportion of asymptomatic cases increased in 2022. This underscores the need of universal LGV testing and the importance of continuous surveillance.
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3
Notes from the Field: Increase in Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Washington, 2018-2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
This report describes an increase in nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae cases in Washington during a 5-year period.
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4
Cigarette Smoking Among Pregnant Women During the Perinatal Period: Prevalence and Health Care Provider Inquiries - Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2021
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
This report describes smoking behaviors among women before, during, and after pregnancy.
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5
D-Mannose Fails to Prevent Urinary Tract Infections in Women
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
A randomized, double-blind study casts doubt on the effectiveness of a common treatment. Medscape Medical News
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6
Vaccine Against Urinary Tract Infections in Development
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
A randomized study published in 2022 showed the vaccine\'s efficacy in preventing urinary tract infections over 9 months. Medscape Medical News
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7
FDA Approves New Antibiotic for Uncomplicated UTIs
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 27.04.2024
Tilføjet 27.04.2024
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved pivmecillinam (Pivya) tablets to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women. Medscape Medical News
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8
Contact tracing management of a measles case in a paediatric hospital: experience of the local public health unit, Portugal, January 2024
Daniel Saldanha Resendes, António Tomás, Mariana Pinção Cardoso, Sebastian von Schreeb, Rita Miranda Ferrão, Paula Vasconcelos, Maria Helena Almeida, Bruno Novo Castro, Vasco Ricoca Peixoto, Renato Lourenço Silva and Margarida de Morais
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
In January 2024, a child was diagnosed with measles in a paediatric hospital in Lisbon. Of 123 contacts, 39 (32%) were not fully immunised, presenting a risk for a potential outbreak. The public health unit initiated control measures and identified challenges during the response, such as the lack of interoperability between information systems and accessing vaccination records. The lessons learned prompted changes to national contact tracing procedures for measles, further strengthening Portugal’s preparedness.
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9
Can D-Mannose Prevent Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection?
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
The global rise in antibiotic resistance has complicated the therapeutic choices for urinary tract infections. Medscape Medical News
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10
Multiple introductions of monkeypox virus to Ireland during the international mpox outbreak, May 2022 to October 2023
Gabriel Gonzalez, Michael Carr, Tomás M Kelleher, Emer O’Byrne, Weronika Banka, Brian Keogan, Charlene Bennett, Geraldine Franzoni, Patrice Keane, Cliona Kenna, Luke W Meredith, Nicola Fletcher, Jose Maria Urtasun-Elizari, Jonathan Dean, Ciaran Browne, Fiona Lyons, Brendan Crowley, Derval Igoe, Eve Robinson, Greg Martin, Jeff Connell, Cillian F De Gascun and Daniel Hare
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
BackgroundMpox, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), was considered a rare zoonotic disease before May 2022, when a global epidemic of cases in non-endemic countries led to the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Cases of mpox in Ireland, a country without previous mpox reports, could reflect extended local transmission or multiple epidemiological introductions. AimTo elucidate the origins and molecular characteristics of MPXV circulating in Ireland between May 2022 and October 2023. MethodsWhole genome sequencing of MPXV from 75% of all Irish mpox cases (182/242) was performed and compared to sequences retrieved from public databases (n = 3,362). Bayesian approaches were used to infer divergence time between sequences from different subclades and evaluate putative importation events from other countries. ResultsOf 242 detected mpox cases, 99% were males (median age: 35 years; range: 15–60). All 182 analysed genomes were assigned to Clade IIb and, presence of 12 distinguishable subclades suggests multiple introductions into Ireland. Estimation of time to divergence of subclades further supports the hypothesis for multiple importation events from numerous countries, indicative of extended and sustained international spread of mpox. Further analysis of sequences revealed that 92% of nucleotide mutations were from cytosine to thymine (or from guanine to adenine), leading to a high number of non-synonymous mutations across subclades; mutations associated with tecovirimat resistance were not observed. ConclusionWe provide insights into the international transmission dynamics supporting multiple introductions of MPXV into Ireland. Such information supported the implementation of evidence-informed public health control measures.
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11
Increased reports of measles in the Metropolitan City of Milan, northern Italy, September 2023 to March 2024
Maria Gori, Clara Fappani, Silvia Bianchi, Sabrina Senatore, Daniela Colzani, Priscilla Pasutto, Melissa Baggieri, Silvia Gioacchini, Antonella Marchi, Paola Bucci, Emilio D’Ugo, Marino Faccini, Danilo Cereda, Luigi Vezzosi, Elisabetta Tanzi, Fabio Magurano and Antonella Amendola
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Since late 2023, the Metropolitan City of Milan and surrounding areas (northern Italy) have been experiencing a resurgence of measles, with most cases detected starting from January 2024. During this brief period, we observed measles in travellers from endemic areas, participants in international events, vaccinees and healthcare workers. Indigenous cases have also been identified. Even though we have not yet identified large and disruptive outbreaks, strengthening surveillance and vaccination activities is pivotal to help limit the impact of measles spread.
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12
How Can Doctors Best Assess Worsening Dengue Cases?
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
It is important to inform patients about warning signs such as abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, decreased urine output, or dizziness when standing, says an epidemiologist. Medscape Infectious Diseases
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13
Emergence of OXA-48-like producing Citrobacter species, Germany, 2011 to 2022
Julian Sommer, Hannah Reiter, Janko Sattler, Elisabetta Cacace, Jessica Eisfeld, Sören Gatermann, Axel Hamprecht and Stephan Göttig
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
BackgroundCarbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales are a public health threat worldwide and OXA-48 is the most prevalent carbapenemase in Germany and western Europe. However, the molecular epidemiology of OXA-48 in species other than Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae remains poorly understood. AimTo analyse the molecular epidemiology of OXA-48 and OXA-48-like carbapenemases in Citrobacter species (spp.) in Germany between 2011 and 2022. MethodsData of 26,822 Enterobacterales isolates sent to the National Reference Centre (NRC) for Gram-negative bacteria were evaluated. Ninety-one Citrobacter isolates from 40 German hospitals harbouring blaOXA-48/OXA-48‑like were analysed by whole genome sequencing and conjugation experiments. ResultsThe frequency of OXA-48 in Citrobacter freundii (CF) has increased steadily since 2011 and is now the most prevalent carbapenemase in this species in Germany. Among 91 in-depth analysed Citrobacter spp. isolates, CF (n = 73) and C. koseri (n = 8) were the most common species and OXA-48 was the most common variant (n = 77), followed by OXA-162 (n = 11) and OXA‑181 (n = 3). Forty percent of the isolates belonged to only two sequence types (ST19 and ST22), while most other STs were singletons. The plasmids harbouring blaOXA‑48 and blaOXA-162 belonged to the plasmid types IncL (n = 85) or IncF (n = 3), and plasmids harbouring blaOXA‑181 to IncX3 (n = 3). Three IncL plasmid clusters (57/85 IncL plasmids) were identified, which were highly transferable in contrast to sporadic plasmids. ConclusionIn CF in Germany, OXA-48 is the predominant carbapenemase. Dissemination is likely due to distinct highly transmissible plasmids harbouring blaOXA‑48 or blaOXA-48-like and the spread of the high-risk clonal lineages ST19 and ST22.
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14
Excess mortality in Europe coincides with peaks of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), November 2023 to February 2024
Sarah K Nørgaard, Jens Nielsen, Anne Christine Nordholm, Lukas Richter, Alena Chalupka, Natalia Bustos Sierra, Toon Braeye, Maria Athanasiadou, Theodore Lytras, Gleb Denissov, Oskari Luomala, Anne Fouillet, Isabelle Pontais, Matthias an der Heiden, Benedikt Zacher, Alina Weigel, Ivo Foppa, Kassiani Gkolfinopoulou, Ioannis Panagoulias, Anna Paldy, Tibor Malnasi, Lisa Domegan, Eva Kelly, Naama Rotem, Oksana Rakhlin, Francesca K de'Donato, Chiara Di Blasi, Patrick Hoffmann, Telma Velez, Kathleen England, Neville Calleja, Liselotte van Asten, Femke Jongenotter, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Susana Silva, Petra Klepac, Diana Gomez-Barroso, Inmaculada Leon Gomez, Ilias Galanis, Ahmed Farah, Rolf Weitkunat, Katarina Fehst, Nick Andrews, Tom Clare, Declan T Bradley, Mark G O'Doherty, Naoma William, Mark Hamilton, Bolette Søborg, Tyra G Krause, Nick Bundle and Lasse S Vestergaard
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
Since the end of November 2023, the European Mortality Monitoring Network (EuroMOMO) has observed excess mortality in Europe. During weeks 48 2023–6 2024, preliminary results show a substantially increased rate of 95.3 (95% CI: 91.7–98.9) excess all-cause deaths per 100,000 person-years for all ages. This excess mortality is seen in adults aged 45 years and older, and coincides with widespread presence of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed in many European countries during the 2023/24 winter season.
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15
COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage - World Health Organization African Region, 2021-2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
This report describes COVID-19 vaccination coverage in the World Health Organization African Region during 2021-2023.
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16
Measles - United States, January 1, 2020-March 28, 2024
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
This report describes measles cases in the United States during 2020-2024
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17
Recurrent UTI Patients Find Long-Term Ally in Oral Vaccine
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
A vaccine for urinary tract infection is effective for up to 9 years and can resolve cases in which antibiotics have failed. Medscape News UK
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18
The approach to developing Ireland’s first national health protection strategy and lessons learnt, December 2021 to October 2022
Ciara Kelly, Joan Gallagher, Lola Odewumi, Robert Conway, Mary E Black, Kristin Concannon, Louise Marron and Lorraine Doherty
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of strengthening health protection worldwide. To address this as a public health priority in Ireland, between December 2021 and October 2022 the first national Health Protection Strategy (2022–2027) for the Irish Health Service Executive (HSE) was developed. We describe the approach taken to develop a first national health protection strategy for Ireland, and highlight the key lessons learned. Key steps in strategy formation included detailed stakeholder analysis, exploration of the context for the strategy and development of a comprehensive consultation plan. Two stakeholder consultation workshops were held. The first focused on defining strategic vision, aim and objectives, the second verified objectives and identified enablers. A subsequent e-consultation invited feedback from wider stakeholders. The published strategy outlines 10 strategic objectives and 11 enablers. Key lessons identified from the strategy development process include the importance of clear leadership and oversight, the value of identifying the context for change, ensuring adequate consultation planning, taking a multidisciplinary approach with strong stakeholder engagement and the need to maintain a strategic perspective. Lessons from our experience can support colleagues internationally to strategically set out their priorities for health protection beyond COVID-19.
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19
Questioning risk compensation: pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men, capital region of Denmark, 2019 to 2022
Sebastian von Schreeb, Susanne Kriegel Pedersen, Hanne Christensen, Kristina Melbardis Jørgsensen, Lene Holm Harritshøj, Frederik Boetius Hertz, Magnus Glindvad Ahlström, Anne-Mette Lebech, Suzanne Lunding, Lars Nørregaard Nielsen, Jan Gerstoft, Gitte Kronborg and Frederik N Engsig
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
BackgroundPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents HIV, but its association with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) has raised concerns about risk compensation, potentially impacting the expansion of PrEP programmes. AimWe examined the relationship between PrEP and the incidence of chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis. MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we compared STI rates before and after PrEP initiation among users in the capital region of Denmark (2019–2022), calculating incidence rate ratios adjusted for age and testing frequency (aIRR). To pinpoint when increases began, we plotted weekly STI rates, adjusting the timeline to correspond with PrEP initiation. ResultsThe study included 1,326 PrEP users with a median age of 35 years. The STI incidence rate per 100,000 person-years rose from 35.3 before to 81.2 after PrEP start, with an aIRR of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.18–1.56). Notably, this increase preceded PrEP initiation by 10–20 weeks. Specific aIRR for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and syphilis were 1.23 (95% CI: 1.03–1.48), 1.24 (95% CI: 1.04–1.47) and 1.15 (95% CI: 0.76–1.72), respectively. In subanalyses for anatomical sites aIRR was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.01–1.56) for rectal chlamydia and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.45–0.96) for genital gonorrhoea. ConclusionWe found a 35% increase in STI incidence associated with PrEP use. It started before PrEP initiation, challenging the assumption that PrEP leads to risk compensation. Instead, the data suggest that individuals seek PrEP during periods of heightened sexual risk-taking. Consequently, PrEP programmes should include sexual health consultations, STI testing, treatment and prevention strategies to prevent HIV and improve sexual health.
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20
Atypical age distribution and high disease severity in children with RSV infections during two irregular epidemic seasons throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, Germany, 2021 to 2023
Wei Cai, Sophie Köndgen, Kristin Tolksdorf, Ralf Dürrwald, Ekkehard Schuler, Barbara Biere, Brunhilde Schweiger, Luise Goerlitz, Walter Haas, Thorsten Wolff, Silke Buda and Janine Reiche
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
BackgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic affected respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation worldwide. AimTo describe, for children aged
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21
Tuberculosis - United States, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
This report describes increases in tuberculosis cases among all age groups in the United States during 2023.
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22
No Increased Stroke Risk After COVID-19 Bivalent Vaccine
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
There is no increased risk for stroke during the 6 weeks following receipt of either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, new research shows. Medscape Medical News
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23
How COVID-19 Treatments Affect Patients With IBD
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
Inflammatory bowel disease therapies for patients may need to be briefly halted during treatment for COVID-19, but it does not increase flares. Medscape Medical News
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24
Surveillance for Coccidioidomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Blastomycosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, 2019-2021
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
This report describes trends in coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis cases during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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25
'Critical' to Catch Up on Measles Vaccinations to Stem Outbreaks, Says WHO
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Vaccinating children who missed their measles shots during the COVID-19 pandemic is critical, a senior World Health Organization official said on Tuesday, as outbreaks of... Reuters Health Information
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26
Regional dissemination of NDM-1 producing Enterobacter hormaechei ST1740, with a subset of strains co-producing VIM-4 or IMP-13, France, 2019 to 2022
Inès Rezzoug, Cécile Emeraud, Christophe Rodriguez, Jean-Michel Pawlotsky, Rémy A. Bonnin and Laurent Dortet
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
BackgroundFrom 2019 to 2022, the French National Reference Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (NRC) received a total of 25 isolates of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii sequence type (ST)1740. All produced metallo-β-lactamase(s) and were from the Lyon area. AimTo understand these strains’ spread and evolution, more extended microbiological and molecular analyses were conducted. MethodsPatients’ demographics and specimen type related to isolates were retrieved. All strains underwent short-read whole genome sequencing, and for 15, long-read sequencing to understand carbapenemase-gene acquisition. Clonal relationships were inferred from core-genome single nt polymorphisms (SNPs). Plasmids and the close genetic environment of each carbapenemase-encoding gene were analysed. ResultsPatients (10 female/15 male) were on average 56.6 years old. Seven isolates were recovered from infections and 18 through screening. With ≤ 27 SNPs difference between each other’s genome sequences, the 25 strains represented a clone dissemination. All possessed a chromosome-encoded blaNDM-1 gene inside a composite transposon flanked by two IS3000. While spreading, the clone independently acquired a blaVIM-4-carrying plasmid of IncHI2 type (n = 12 isolates), or a blaIMP-13-carrying plasmid of IncP-1 type (n = 1 isolate). Of the 12 isolates co-producing NDM-1 and VIM-4, seven harboured the colistin resistance gene mcr9.2; the remaining five likely lost this gene through excision. ConclusionThis long-term outbreak was caused by a chromosome-encoded NDM-1-producing ST1740 E. hormaechei subsp. hoffmannii clone, which, during its dissemination, acquired plasmids encoding VIM-4 or IMP-13 metallo-β-lactamases. To our knowledge, IMP-13 has not prior been reported in Enterobacterales in France. Epidemiological and environmental investigations should be considered alongside microbiological and molecular ones.
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27
SURVEILLANCE SUMMARIES: Surveillance of Waterborne Disease Outbreaks Associated with Drinking Water - United States, 2015-2020
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
This report describes CDC surveillance of waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water during 2015-2020.
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28
During Pregnancy, Many Drugs Safe for Skin Infections
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 11.03.2024
Tilføjet 11.03.2024
Several drugs should be avoided or used with caution because of potential risks during pregnancy, a dermatologist told colleagues. Medscape Medical News
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29
Intrapartum Antibiotics Tied to Childhood Autoimmune Disease
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Children exposed to antibiotics during birth may be at increased risk for autoimmune disease in childhood, researchers in Finland have found. Medscape Medical News
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30
Outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium linked to Swedish pre-washed rocket salad, Sweden, September to November 2022
Karolina Fischerström, Rikard Dryselius, Mats Lindblad, Sharon Kühlmann-Berenzon, Nadja Karamehmedovic, Stefan Börjesson, Nasanin Hashemi, Ingrid Gunn, Ann-Mari Gustavsson, Nilla Lindroos, Joanna Nederby-Öhd, Micael Widerström, Ruska Rimhanen-Finne, Anni Vainio and Moa Rehn
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
In September 2022, the Public Health Agency of Sweden observed an increase in domestic Salmonella Typhimurium cases through the Swedish electronic notification system, and an outbreak strain was identified with whole genome sequencing. Overall, 109 cases with symptom onset between 17 September and 24 November 2022 were reported from 20 of 21 Swedish regions. The median age of cases was 52 years (range 4–87 years) and 62% were female. A case–control study found cases to be associated with consumption of rocket salad (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.4–10, p value
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31
Projecting COVID-19 intensive care admissions for policy advice, the Netherlands, February 2020 to January 2021
Don Klinkenberg, Jantien Backer, Nicolette de Keizer and Jacco Wallinga
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
BackgroundModel projections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence help policymakers about decisions to implement or lift control measures. During the pandemic, policymakers in the Netherlands were informed on a weekly basis with short-term projections of COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. AimWe aimed at developing a model on ICU admissions and updating a procedure for informing policymakers. MethodThe projections were produced using an age-structured transmission model. A consistent, incremental update procedure integrating all new surveillance and hospital data was conducted weekly. First, up-to-date estimates for most parameter values were obtained through re-analysis of all data sources. Then, estimates were made for changes in the age-specific contact rates in response to policy changes. Finally, a piecewise constant transmission rate was estimated by fitting the model to reported daily ICU admissions, with a changepoint analysis guided by Akaike\'s Information Criterion. ResultsThe model and update procedure allowed us to make weekly projections. Most 3-week prediction intervals were accurate in covering the later observed numbers of ICU admissions. When projections were too high in March and August 2020 or too low in November 2020, the estimated effectiveness of the policy changes was adequately adapted in the changepoint analysis based on the natural accumulation of incoming data. ConclusionThe model incorporates basic epidemiological principles and most model parameters were estimated per data source. Therefore, it had potential to be adapted to a more complex epidemiological situation with the rise of new variants and the start of vaccination.
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32
AstraZeneca to Invest 650 Million Pounds in UK to Boost Pandemic Preparedness
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
AstraZeneca plans to invest 650 million pounds ($826.80 million) in Britain to boost research, development and manufacturing of vaccines, the government announced on... Reuters Health Information
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33
WHO Warns Of Growing Resistance to GSK's HIV Drug
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Tuesday resistance to GSK\'s HIV drug dolutegravir has exceeded levels observed during its trials, citing observational and survey... Reuters Health Information
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34
Ongoing measles outbreak, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, December 2023 to February 2024
Sanjin Musa, Irma Salimović-Bešić, Jasmina Brkić Džambić, Nijaz Tihić, Anisa Bajramović, Suzana Arapčić, Amela Dedeić-Ljubović and Siniša Skočibušić
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
We report on an ongoing measles outbreak in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with 141 cases notified between week 52 2023 and week 6 2024. Among those with known vaccination status, 97% were unvaccinated and the most affected group is children under the age of 5 years (n = 87) who were not vaccinated during the pandemic years. Sixty-eight cases were hospitalised, the most common complications were measles-related pneumonia and diarrhoea. The sequenced measles viruses from four cases belonged to genotype D8.
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35
QuickStats: Percentage of Children and Adolescents Aged 5-17 Years Who Had Chronic School Absenteeism Due to Illness, Injury, or Disability During the Past 12 Months, by Age Group and Year - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2019 and 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
This report describes the percentage of children and adolescents who had chronic school absences due to illness, injury, or disability.
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36
Longer IV Ertapenem Course Beneficial for Recalcitrant HS
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
2019 treatment guidelines published recommended ertapenem as a highly effective third-line therapy limited to a shorter course, as rescue therapy or during surgical planning. MDedge News
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37
Application of the screening method for estimating COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness using routine surveillance data: Germany’s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic, July 2021 to March 2023
Nita Perumal, Viktoria Schönfeld and Ole Wichmann
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
The screening method represents a simple, quick, and practical tool for estimating vaccine effectiveness (VE) using routine disease surveillance and vaccine coverage data, even if these data cannot be linked. In Germany, where notification data, laboratory testing data, and vaccine coverage data cannot be linked due to strict data protection requirements, the screening method was used to assess COVID-19 VE continuously between July 2021 and March 2023. During this period, when Delta and Omicron variants circulated, VE estimates were produced in real-time for different age groups and clinical outcomes. Here we describe the country’s overall positive experience using the screening method, including its strengths and limitations, and provide practical guidance regarding a few issues, such as case definition stringency, testing behaviour, and data stratification, that require careful consideration during data analysis and the interpretation of the results.
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38
Measuring waning protection from seasonal influenza vaccination during nine influenza seasons, Ontario, Canada, 2010/11 to 2018/19
Hannah Chung, Michael A Campitelli, Sarah A Buchan, Aaron Campigotto, Natasha S Crowcroft, Jonathan B Gubbay, James KH Jung, Timothy Karnauchow, Kevin Katz, Allison J McGeer, J Dayre McNally, David C Richardson, Susan E Richardson, Laura C Rosella, Margaret L Russell, Kevin L Schwartz, Andrew Simor, Marek Smieja, Maria E Sundaram, Bryna F Warshawsky, George Zahariadis, Jeffrey C Kwong and on behalf of the Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) Provincial Collaborative Network (PCN) Investigators
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
BackgroundWaning immunity from seasonal influenza vaccination can cause suboptimal protection during peak influenza activity. However, vaccine effectiveness studies assessing waning immunity using vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals are subject to biases. AimWe examined the association between time since vaccination and laboratory-confirmed influenza to assess the change in influenza vaccine protection over time. MethodsUsing linked laboratory and health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we identified community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 6 months who received an influenza vaccine before being tested for influenza by RT-PCR during the 2010/11 to 2018/19 influenza seasons. We estimated the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for laboratory-confirmed influenza by time since vaccination (categorised into intervals) and for every 28 days. ResultsThere were 53,065 individuals who were vaccinated before testing for influenza, with 10,264 (19%) influenza-positive cases. The odds of influenza increased from 1.05 (95% CI: 0.91–1.22) at 42–69 days after vaccination and peaked at 1.27 (95% CI: 1.04–1.55) at 126–153 days when compared with the reference interval (14–41 days). This corresponded to 1.09-times increased odds of influenza every 28 days (aOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15). Individuals aged 18–64 years showed the greatest decline in protection against influenza A(H1N1) (aORper 28 days = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.97–1.64), whereas for individuals aged ≥ 65 years, it was against influenza A(H3N2) (aORper 28 days = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.08–1.33). We did not observe evidence of waning vaccine protection for individuals aged
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Wastewater-based reproduction numbers and projections of COVID-19 cases in three areas in Japan, November 2021 to December 2022
Shogo Miyazawa, Ting Sam Wong, Genta Ito, Ryo Iwamoto, Kozo Watanabe, Michiel van Boven, Jacco Wallinga and Fuminari Miura
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
BackgroundWastewater surveillance has expanded globally as a means to monitor spread of infectious diseases. An inherent challenge is substantial noise and bias in wastewater data because of the sampling and quantification process, limiting the applicability of wastewater surveillance as a monitoring tool. AimTo present an analytical framework for capturing the growth trend of circulating infections from wastewater data and conducting scenario analyses to guide policy decisions. MethodsWe developed a mathematical model for translating the observed SARS-CoV-2 viral load in wastewater into effective reproduction numbers. We used an extended Kalman filter to infer underlying transmissions by smoothing out observational noise. We also illustrated the impact of different countermeasures such as expanded vaccinations and non-pharmaceutical interventions on the projected number of cases using three study areas in Japan during 2021–22 as an example. ResultsObserved notified cases were matched with the range of cases estimated by our approach with wastewater data only, across different study areas and virus quantification methods, especially when the disease prevalence was high. Estimated reproduction numbers derived from wastewater data were consistent with notification-based reproduction numbers. Our projections showed that a 10–20% increase in vaccination coverage or a 10% reduction in contact rate may suffice to initiate a declining trend in study areas. ConclusionOur study demonstrates how wastewater data can be used to track reproduction numbers and perform scenario modelling to inform policy decisions. The proposed framework complements conventional clinical surveillance, especially when reliable and timely epidemiological data are not available.
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Epidemiological update: West Nile virus transmission season in Europe, 2023
ECDC
ECDC Epidemiological Update, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
During the 2023 West Nile virus transmission season, and as of 4 January 2024, 709 locally acquired human cases of West Nile virus infection, including 67 deaths, were reported by nine European Union countries.
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Epidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the EU/EEA, 2010 to 2021
Julien Beauté, Francesco Innocenti, Aristos Aristodimou, Michaela Špačková, Caroline Eves, Natalia Kerbo, Ruska Rimhanen-Finne, Mathieu Picardeau, Mirko Faber, Georgios Dougas, Anna Margrét Halldórsdóttir, Sarah Jackson, Viktorija Leitēna, Anne Vergison, Maria Louise Borg, Roan Pijnacker, Małgorzata Sadkowska-Todys, João Vieira Martins, Lavinia Cipriana Rusu, Eva Grilc, Rosa M Estévez-Reboredo, Taina Niskanen and Therese Westrell
Eurosurveillance latest updates, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
BackgroundLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. Humans are infected by exposure to animal urine or urine-contaminated environments. Although disease incidence is lower in Europe compared with tropical regions, there have been reports of an increase in leptospirosis cases since the 2000s in some European countries. AimWe aimed to describe the epidemiology of reported cases of leptospirosis in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) during 2010−2021 and to identify potential changes in epidemiological patterns. MethodsWe ran a descriptive analysis of leptospirosis cases reported by EU/EEA countries to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control with disease during 2010−2021. We also analysed trends at EU/EEA and national level. ResultsDuring 2010–2021, 23 countries reported 12,180 confirmed leptospirosis cases corresponding to a mean annual notification rate of 0.24 cases per 100,000 population. Five countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal and Romania) accounted for 79% of all reported cases. The highest notification rate was observed in Slovenia with 0.82 cases per 100,000 population. Overall, the notification rate increased by 5.0% per year from 2010 to 2021 (95% CI: 1.2–8.8%), although trends differed across countries. ConclusionThe notification rate of leptospirosis at EU/EEA level increased during 2010−2021 despite including the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated changes in population behaviours. Studies at (sub)national level would help broaden the understanding of differences at country-level and specificities in terms of exposure to Leptospira, as well as biases in diagnosis and reporting.
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QuickStats: Percentage of Adults Aged ≥18 Years Who Were Advised During the Past 12 Months by a Doctor or Other Health Professional to Increase Their Amount of Physical Activity or Exercise, by Age Group and Sex - National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
This report describes the percentage of adults who were advised by a health professional to increase their physical activity.
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Surveillance for Lyme Disease After Implementation of a Revised Case Definition - United States, 2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
This report describes the first year of Lyme disease surveillance data collected using the 2022 case definition compared to cases reported during 2017-2019.
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44
Laboratory Support for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 for Europe: AURORAE
ECDC
ECDC COVID-19 updates, 15.02.2024
Tilføjet 15.02.2024
AURORAE provides laboratory support for surveillance, preparedness and response to COVID-19 and influenza and strengthens the capacity for genomic epidemiology and public health bioinformatics through interdisciplinary training, which is crucial for response during a pandemic or unexpected major public health events.
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Comparison of Administration of 8-Milligram and 4-Milligram Intranasal Naloxone by Law Enforcement During Response to Suspected Opioid Overdose - New York, March 2022-August 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
This report describes real-world comparisons of survival, the average number of doses administered, the presence of postnaloxone signs and symptoms, and hospital transport refusal among people receiving 8-mg and 4-mg intranasal naloxone.
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46
Europe Needs to Get on Top of Its Measles Outbreak
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
An alarming rise in measles cases across Europe is blamed on low vaccine uptake during the pandemic and vaccine mistrust. Medscape Medical News
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Notes from the Field: Dengue Outbreak - Peru, 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This report describes an increase in dengue cases in Peru during 2023.
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Notes from the Field: Severe Vibrio vulnificus Infections During Heat Waves - Three Eastern U.S. States, July-August 2023
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This report describes cases of Vibrio vulnificus infections after a period of heat waves in three eastern U.S. states.
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49
Surveillance for Acute Flaccid Myelitis - United States, 2018-2022
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 2.02.2024
Tilføjet 2.02.2024
This report describes acute flaccid myelitis cases in the U.S. during 2018-2022.
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50
Healthcare Workers Face Increased Risks During the Pandemic
Medscape Infectious Diseases, 1.02.2024
Tilføjet 1.02.2024
Healthcare workers have higher risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and mental distress during the pandemic than the general population, data suggested. Medscape Medical News
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