Ingen søgeord valgt.
32 emner vises.
1
MicroRNA dysregulations in Merkel cell carcinoma: molecular mechanisms and clinical application
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
2
Risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalization following COVID-19 Vaccination: a population-based cohort study in Canada
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
With the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines, there is a need for population-based studies to assess risk factors for COVID-19 related hospitalization following vaccination and how they differ from unvaccinated individuals.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
3
An open call to join the CMI editorial team: editor in fungal infection
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
Clinical Microbiology and Infection (CMI) is looking for an editor in fungal infections to join our editorial team. At CMI the topic was the responsibility of Professor Emmanuel Roilides.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
4
Immunogenicity of three versus four doses of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
This multicentre, phase 2, randomised, controlled study of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients compared the immunogenicity of two anti-pneumococcal vaccine regimens: four doses of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) (3+1+1 experimental group), and three doses of PCV13 followed by PPSV23 (3+0+1 group).
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
5
Polio is back? The risk of poliomyelitis recurrence globally, and the legacy of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
After COVID-19 and monkeypox, here we are dealing with another scaring menace: polio. Many of us have certainly put the existence of poliomyelitis (polio for short) on the back burner; probably among the current doctors in service in western countries there are very few who keep memories of this disease, that plagued the years between the thirties and sixties. Years in which mothers lived in fear of their children being struck by an infection that was reputed to leave indelible and severe motor impairments, eventually leading to permanent iron lung imprisonment or even death.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
6
Diagnostic accuracy of rapid antigen tests in cerebrospinal fluid for pneumococcal meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis worldwide. Conventional microbiological assays take several days and require the use of various drugs for empirical treatment. Rapid antigen tests in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be useful to triage pneumococcal meningitis immediately.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
7
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and pneumonia hospitalisation: Association with dose of inhaled corticosteroids. A nationwide cohort study of 52,100 outpatients
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
International guidelines only advocate use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experiencing recurring exacerbations and eosinophilic inflammation. However, ICS is commonly used in COPD patients without exacerbations and sign of eosinophilic inflammation, thus possibly increasing the risk of hospitalisation with pneumonia.We aimed to determine the risk of hospitalisation with pneumonia associated with increasing cumulated ICS doses among COPD-patients, thus, to establish if there is a dose-dependency.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
8
Challenges and shortcomings of antibacterial discovery projects
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
Antibacterial drug discovery activities are essential for filling clinical pipelines with promising clinical candidates. Little information is available about the challenges and shortcomings of small companies and academic institutions in performing these important discovery tasks.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
9
Human Listeriosis
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
10
When ferroptosis meets pathogenic infections
Trends in Microbiology, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
It is known that pathogens can promote their propagation by hijacking their host’s cellular activities. This aggressive process usually causes severe damage to host cells, including RCD. RCD is a defensive strategy that the host employs to restrict pathogenic infections. On the contrary, pathogens could usurp various RCDs during infections to achieve propagation goals. Some pathogens induce cell death to release progeny and cause host injuries, while other species inhibit cell death to facilitate the proliferation stage or to evade the immune defense.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
11
Molecular states during acute COVID-19 reveal distinct etiologies of long-term sequelae
Nature, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
12
The Caenorhabditis elegans ARIP-4 DNA helicase couples mitochondrial surveillance to immune, detoxification, and antiviral pathways
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
13
Exact reaction coordinates for flap opening in HIV-1 protease
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
14
The RNA polymerase of cytoplasmically replicating Zika virus binds with chromatin DNA in nuclei and regulates host gene transcription
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
15
The human pathobiont Malassezia furfur secreted protease Mfsap1 regulates cell dispersal and exacerbates skin inflammation
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
16
Sex pheromone communication in an insect parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
17
Natural and synthetic inhibitors of a phage-encoded quorum-sensing receptor affect phage–host dynamics in mixed bacterial communities
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
18
Long-term benefits of nonpharmaceutical interventions for endemic infections are shaped by respiratory pathogen dynamics
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
19
Inflammatory response to retrotransposons drives tumor drug resistance that can be prevented by reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 30.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
20
Trajectories for the evolution of bacterial CO2-concentrating mechanisms
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
21
Type IV pili trigger episymbiotic association of Saccharibacteria with its bacterial host
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
22
Human cytomegalovirus induces neuronal enolase to support virally mediated metabolic remodeling
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
23
A humanized “new-trophil” mouse to study early inflammatory processes
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
24
Prevalence and severity of symptoms 3 months after infection with SARS-CoV-2 compared to test-negative and population controls in the Netherlands
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
ABSTRACTBackgroundThis prospective study assesses symptoms three months after SARS-CoV-2-infection compared to test-negative and population controls, and the effect of vaccination prior to infection.MethodsParticipants enrolled after a positive (cases) or negative (test-negative controls) SARS-CoV-2-test, or after invitation from the general population (population controls). After three months, participants indicated presence of 41 symptoms, and severity of four symptoms. Permutation tests were used to select symptoms significantly elevated in cases compared to controls and to compare symptoms between cases that were vaccinated or unvaccinated prior to infection.Results9166 cases, 1698 symptomatic but test-negative controls, and 3708 population controls enrolled. At three months, 13 symptoms, and severity of fatigue, cognitive impairment and dyspnoea, were significantly elevated between cases and controls. Of cases, 48.5% reported ≥1 significantly elevated symptom, compared to 29.8% of test-negative controls and 26.0% of population controls. Effect of vaccination could be determined for cases <65yrs, and was significantly protective for loss of smell and taste but not for other symptoms.DiscussionThree months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, almost half of cases report symptoms, which is higher than background prevalence and test-negative prevalence. Vaccination prior to infection was protective against loss of smell and taste in cases aged <65.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
25
International variation in evidence-based emergency department management of bronchiolitis: a retrospective cohort study
BMJ Open, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the international variation in the use of evidence-based management (EBM) in bronchiolitis. We hypothesised that management consistent with full-EBM practices is associated with the research network of care, adjusted for patient-level characteristics. Secondary objectives were to determine the association between full-EBM and (1) hospitalisation and (2) emergency department (ED) revisits resulting in hospitalisation within 21 days.DesignA secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study.Setting38 paediatric EDs belonging to the Paediatric Emergency Research Network in Canada, USA, Australia/New Zealand UK/Ireland and Spain/Portugal.PatientsOtherwise healthy infants 2–11 months old diagnosed with bronchiolitis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December, 2013.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome was management consistent with full-EBM, that is, no bronchodilators/corticosteroids/antibiotics, no chest radiography or laboratory testing. Secondary outcomes included hospitalisations during the index and subsequent ED visits.Results1137/2356 (48.3%) infants received full-EBM (ranging from 13.2% in Spain/Portugal to 72.3% in UK/Ireland). Compared with the UK/Ireland, the adjusted ORs (aOR) of full-EBM receipt were lower in Spain/Portugal (aOR 0.08, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.29), Canada (aOR 0.13 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.31) and USA (aOR 0.16 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.35). EBM was less likely in infants with dehydration (aOR 0.49 (95% CI 0.33 to 0.71)), chest retractions (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.91)) and nasal flaring (aOR 0.69 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.92)). EBM was associated with reduced odds of hospitalisation at the index visit (aOR 0.77 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.98)) but not at revisits (aOR 1.17 (95% CI 0.74 to 1.85)).ConclusionsInfants with bronchiolitis frequently do not receive full-EBM ED management, particularly those outside of the UK/Ireland. Furthermore, there is marked variation in full-EBM between paediatric emergency networks, and full-EBM delivery is associated with lower likelihood of hospitalisation. Given the global bronchiolitis burden, international ED-focused deimplementation of non-indicated interventions to enhance EBM is needed.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
26
Effect of remote patient monitoring for patients with chronic kidney disease who perform dialysis at home: a systematic review
BMJ Open, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
ObjectiveThe purpose of the systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of remote patient monitoring (RPM) follow-up compared with standard care, for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who perform dialysis at home.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review in accordance with international guidelines. We performed systematic searches for publications from 2015 to 2021 in five databases (eg, Medline, Cinahl, Embase) and a search for grey literature in reference lists. Included effect measures were quality of life, hospitalisation, technical failure as the cause for transfer to a different dialysis modality, infections and time patients use for travel. Screening of literature, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment and certainty of evidence assessment (using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach) were done by two researchers. We conducted meta-analyses when possible.ResultsSeven studies met the inclusion criteria, of which two were randomised controlled trials and five were retrospective cohort studies with control groups. The studies included 9975 participants from 5 countries, who were a good representation of dialysis patients in high-income and upper-middle-income countries. The patients were on peritoneal dialysis (six studies) or home haemodialysis (one study). There was very low certainty of evidence for the outcomes, except for hospitalisations: there was low certainty evidence from three cohort studies for fewer hospitalisation days in the RPM group. No studies included data for time patients used for travel.ConclusionWe found low to very low certainty evidence that indicate there may be positive effects of RPM follow-up, in comparison to standard care only, for adult patients with CKD who perform dialysis at home. Offering RPM follow-up for home dialysis patients as an alternative or supplement to standard care appears to be safe and provide health benefits such as fewer hospitalisation days. Future implementation should be coupled with robust, high-quality evaluations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021281779.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
27
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab for inflammatory flare prevention in paediatric non-infectious anterior uveitis with peripheral retinal vascular leakage: a study protocol for a single-centre, randomised controlled trial
BMJ Open, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
IntroductionPaediatric patients with chronic anterior uveitis are more prone to suffer from the chronic course of intraocular inflammation and adverse effects of long-term immunomodulatory therapy, either topical glucocorticosteroids or systemic immunomodulatory agents. The performance of adalimumab has been shown to be fairly favourable in treating refractory non-infectious uveitis, but the detailed indication is still under investigation. This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of adalimumab for inflammatory flare prevention in non-infectious paediatric anterior uveitis with peripheral retinal vascular leakage, compared with methotrexate.Methods and analysisChildren weighed ≥30 kg and aged between 4 and 16 years old with active non-infectious anterior uveitis with peripheral retinal vascular leakage on ultra-wildfield fluorescein fundus angiography will be included. They will be treated with a predesigned inflammatory control regimen to reach inflammatory quiescence in 1 month. After that they will be treated with either methotrexate 10 mg once a week or adalimumab once every 2 weeks and regularly followed up for 6 months. The primary endpoint is uveitis flare defined as defined as anterior chamber cell count grading increased from 0 to 1 within the observation period.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China (Approved protocol V3, dated 27 July 2021. Approval number 25-ZS-3062) and has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. Written informed consent will be collected from every patient and their guardians prior to study participation. The results of this trial will be presented at local and international meetings and submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.Trial registration numberNCT05015335.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
28
Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium among clients of two sexual health centres in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study
BMJ Open, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations (QRAMs) in Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) among clients of two sexual health centres (SHCs) in the Netherlands.DesignA cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsBetween 2018 and 2019, 669 clients with MG were included from two previous studies: 375 male clients with urethritis from the SHC in Amsterdam; and 294 clients (male and female) from the SHC in Amsterdam and The Hague. Urogenital and anal samples (705 in total) that tested positive for MG by nucleic acid amplification tests were selected.Outcome measuresThe presence of QRAM was detected by an MG-QRAM PCR targeting four mutations in the parC gene and investigated by sequence analysis of relevant regions of the gyrA and parC genes. Possible risk factors for the presence of QRAM were investigated.ResultsWe found QRAM in 58 of 669 (9%) clients with an MG infection: 36 of 375 (10%) in the study population of men with urethritis and 22 of 294 (7%) in the study population of other clients (including both men and women; p=0.334). Most prevalent mutations in the parC gene were S83I and D87N, occurring in 31 of 60 (52%) and 20 of 60 (33%) samples, respectively. Factors associated with the presence of QRAM were: men who have sex with men (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.4, 95% CI 1.7 to 6.9) and Asian origin (aOR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.6). Multidrug resistance (QRAM plus macrolide resistance-associated mutations) was found in 46 of 669 (7%) clients.ConclusionsNine per cent of MG-positive clients from two Dutch SHCs had QRAM. New treatment strategies and antibiotics are needed to treat symptomatic patients with multidrug-resistant MG.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
29
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep health among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations: a systematic review of the literature
BMJ Open, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
ObjectivesThis study sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep health among Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) populations, understudied geographic regions including with regards to sleep health.SettingA systematic literature search of studies published from inception to 27 March 2022 was conducted on multiple databases using developed keywords.ParticipantsStudies were included if they (1) investigated one or more aspects/dimensions of sleep health as an outcome (eg, sleep duration, sleep quality, sleep problems); (2) measured the impact of a COVID-19 pandemic-related domain (eg, impact of quarantine, work from home, lifestyle changes); (3) focused on at least one MENA region population; (4) were peer-reviewed; (5) included ≥100 participants; (6) were written in English and (7) had full-text article publicly available.Primary and secondary outcomes measuredPrimary outcomes were sleep duration, sleep quality and sleep problems.ResultsIn line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 164 studies were included for data extraction. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the studies. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted sleep duration, sleep quality and presence and severity of sleep disorders in MENA populations, including adults, children, students, healthcare workers and people with chronic illnesses. The directionality and strength of associations, as well as the determinants of sleep health, varied by subpopulations.ConclusionsLongitudinal studies are needed to understand the longer-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sleep health of MENA populations. Sleep health interventions and policy measures should be tailored to the need of each subpopulation.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022321128.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
30
Cohort-profile: Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
BMJ Open, 7.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
PurposeTo better understand the household transmission of SARS-COV-2 in a low-resource community in Rio de Janeiro during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022).ParticipantsThis is an open prospective cohort study of children ≤12 years old and their household contacts. During home visits over 24 months, we collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, behavioural data, clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, vaccination status, SARS-CoV-2 (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) RT-PCR and anti-S antibody tests. Among adults, the majority of participants were women (62%).Findings to dateWe enrolled 845 families from May 2020 to May 2022. The median number of residents per household was four. The median household density, defined as the number of persons per room, was 0.95. The risk of SARS-CoV-2 occurrence was higher in households with a high number of persons per room. Children were not the principal source of SARS-CoV-2 infections in their households during the first wave of the pandemic.Future plansFuture studies will investigate cellular and humoral immune responses to locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, which is relevant for the design of vaccines, antivirals and monoclonal antibodies. We will also engage in outreach to encourage vaccination as a means of limiting the transmission of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and other emerging pathogens.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
31
Efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: the phase 2b part of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
AbstractBackgroundThis phase 2b part of a randomized phase 2/3 study assessed the efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir for mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the Omicron epidemic.MethodsPatients were randomized (1:1:1) to orally receive ensitrelvir fumaric acid 125 mg (375 mg on day 1) or 250 mg (750 mg on day 1) or placebo once daily for 5 days. The co-primary endpoints were the change from baseline in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) titer on day 4 and time-weighted average change from baseline up to 120 hours in the total score of predefined 12 COVID-19 symptoms. Safety was assessed through adverse events.ResultsA total of 341 patients (ensitrelvir 125 mg group, 114; ensitrelvir 250 mg group, 116; and placebo group, 111; male, 53.5%–64.9%; mean age, 35.3–37.3 years) were included in the efficacy analyses. The change from baseline in the SARS-CoV-2 titer on day 4 was significantly greater with both ensitrelvir doses than with placebo (differences from placebo: -0.41 log10 50% tissue-culture infectious dose/mL, P < 0.0001 for both). The total score of the 12 COVID-19 symptoms did not show a significant difference between the ensitrelvir groups and placebo group. The time-weighted average change from baseline up to 120 hours was significantly greater with ensitrelvir versus placebo in several subtotal scores, including acute symptoms and respiratory symptoms. Most adverse events were mild in severity.ConclusionsEnsitrelvir treatment demonstrated a favorable antiviral efficacy and potential clinical benefit with an acceptable safety profile.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
32
When the Neighboring Village is Not Treated: Role of Geographic Proximity to Communities Not Receiving Mass Antibiotics for Trachoma
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 8.12.2022
Tilføjet 8.12.2022
AbstractBackgroundMass administration of azithromycin is an established strategy for decreasing the prevalence of trachoma in endemic areas. However, nearby untreated communities could serve as a reservoir that may increase the chances of chlamydia reinfection in treated communities.MethodsAs part of a cluster-randomized trial in Ethiopia, 60 communities were randomized to receive mass azithromycin distributions and 12 communities were randomized to no treatments until after the first year. Ocular chlamydia was assessed from a random sample of children per community at baseline and month 12. Distances between treated and untreated communities were assessed from global positioning system coordinates collected for the study.ResultsThe pretreatment prevalence of ocular chlamydia among 0 to 9 year olds was 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-47%), which decreased to 11% (95% CI, 9%-14%) at the 12-month visit. The posttreatment prevalence of chlamydia was significantly higher in communities that were closer to an untreated community after adjusting for baseline prevalence and the number of mass treatments during the year (odds ratio, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.03-1.22] for each 1 km closer to an untreated community).ConclusionsMass azithromycin distributions to wide, contiguous geographic areas may reduce the likelihood of continued ocular chlamydia infection in the setting of mass antibiotic treatments.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed