Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
Ingen søgeord valgt.
25 emner vises.
Malaria Journal, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Abstract
Background
Parasites are recognized for their ability to modify host physiology and behaviours in ways that increase parasite fitness. Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium are a group of widespread vector-borne parasites of vertebrates, causing disease to a wide range of hosts, but most notably to human and avian hosts.
Methods
The hypothesis that infection with the avian malaria, Plasmodium relictum (GRW4 lineage) impacts flight activity in one of their natural vectors, Culex quinquefasciatus, was tested using both parasites and mosquitoes colonized from local populations in East-Central Texas, USA. Groups of Cx. quinquefasciatus were allowed to feed directly on canaries with active P. relictum infections and control canaries with no P. relictum exposure history. Additionally, how P. relictum sporozoite invasion of mosquito salivary glands impacts mosquito flight activity behaviour was tested using a Locomotor Activity Monitor for both control and infected females. Generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate the influence of infection status on the response variables of flight activity (continuous) and probability of flight occurring (binomial).
Results
Infection status was a significant predictor of flight activity and flight probability and interactions between infection status and experimental period of infection as well as infection status and dusk were statistically significant predictors of flight activity. Plasmodium relictum infected mosquitoes had a mean flight activity of 3.10 and control mosquitoes had an overall mean flight activity of 3.13.
Discussion
Based on these results, avian malaria parasites increase the flight activity of these mosquitoes at hours known for peak host-seeking behaviour but decrease overall diel activity.
Conclusion
Although the ramifications of this behavioural change for P. relictum transmission are unclear, these results provide additional empirical evidence suggesting that avian malaria can influence mosquito behaviour and modulate transmission potential.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Malaria Journal, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Abstract
Background
The search for pharmacologically effective agents among molecules bearing multiple functionalities is commonly practiced. In continuation of the search for new anti-malarial agents, new pyrazole-hydrazine coupled Schiff-base derivatives previously synthesized were screened for anti-malarial property.
Methods
Here, in vivo prophylactic and curative activities of the compounds were assessed while their binding affinity for falcipain-2, a crucial enzyme in Plasmodium survival, was done using computational techniques.
Results
The two derivatives (BepINH and BepBeH) respectively led to a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in parasitaemia count (0.76 ± 1.11 and 0.79 ± 1.19) at day 3 post-treatment relative to the negative control (16.37 ± 1.25). For the prophylactic study, it was observed that the highest parasitaemia suppression level of 95.35% and 95.17% for BepINH and BepBeH at 15 mg/kg was slightly comparable to that obtained for ACT-Lonart (99.38%). In addition, their haematological profiles indicate that they are potentially beneficial in suppressing haemolytic damage to RBC, thereby protecting the body against infection-induced anaemia. Docking calculations on the derivatives toward the Plasmodium falciparum falcipain-2 revealed that they favourably interacted with a binding affinity higher than that of a known cocrystallized inhibitor.
Conclusion
This study confirms the relevance of multi-functional molecules in the search for new and effective anti-plasmodial agent and lay the foundation for further development of these compound series to potent anti-plasmodial agent that interacts with falcipain-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Robin Carron, Nathalie Blanc, Emmanuelle Brigaud
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
by Robin Carron, Nathalie Blanc, Emmanuelle Brigaud
'Sacrificial dilemmas' are the scenarios typically used to study moral judgment and human morality. However, these dilemmas have been criticized regarding their lack of ecological validity. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a relevant context to further examine individuals’ moral judgment and choice of action with more realistic sacrificial dilemmas. Using this context, the purpose of the present study is to investigate how moral responses are influenced by the contextualization of the dilemma (i.e., contextualized or not within the Covid-19 pandemic). By comparing two versions of one dilemma, Experiment 1 revealed that the more realistic version (the one contextualized within the Covid-19 pandemic) did not elicit more utilitarian responses than the less realistic version (the one not contextualized within the Covid-19 pandemic). In Experiment 2, we examined more specifically whether both the perceived realism of the dilemma and the plausibility of a utilitarian action influence moral responses. Results confirmed that the contextualization of the dilemma does not make any difference in moral responses. However, the plausibility of an action appears to exert an influence on the choice of action. Indeed, participants were more inclined to choose the utilitarian action in the plausible action versions than in the implausible action versions of the dilemma. Overall, these results shed light on the importance for future research of using mundane and dramatic realistic dilemmas displaying full information regarding a sacrificial action and its consequences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmanda Noble, Benjamin Owens, Naomi Thulien, Amanda Suleiman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
by Amanda Noble, Benjamin Owens, Naomi Thulien, Amanda Suleiman
Purpose Research has shown that youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) face barriers to social inclusion and are at risk for poor mental health. With the COVID-19 pandemic threatening the health, wellbeing, and economic circumstances of people around the world, this study aims to assess the impacts of the pandemic on YEH in Toronto, Ontario, as well as to identify recommendations for future waves of COVID-19. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with YEH (ages 16–24, n = 45) and staff who work in one of four downtown emergency shelters for youth (n = 31) in Toronto, Ontario. Results YEH experienced both structural changes and psychosocial impacts resulting from the pandemic. Structural changes included a reduction in services, barriers to employment and housing, and changes to routines. Psychosocial outcomes included isolation, worsened mental health, and increased substance use. Impacts were magnified and distinct for subpopulations of youth, including for youth that identified as Black, 2SLGBTQ+, or those new to Canada. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic increased distress among YEH while also limiting access to services. There is therefore a need to balance health and safety with continued access to in-person services, and to shift the response to youth homelessness to focus on prevention, housing, and equitable supports for subpopulations of youth.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarsum Marsum, Sunarto Sunarto, Widodo Widodo, Khayan Khayan, Slamet Wardoyo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
by Marsum Marsum, Sunarto Sunarto, Widodo Widodo, Khayan Khayan, Slamet Wardoyo
The amount of medical waste, especially infusion bottles, is a problem for environmental pollution. Improper management of infusion bottle waste can have an impact on disease transmission. The medical waste treatment used high technology and high costs will be a financial burden, so simple and effective treatment innovations is needed. This study uses an experimental method of removing bacteria from infusion bottles using a mixture of water and Andoso soil as a solution for washing infusion bottle waste. The soil solution concentration used in washing was 45% with a contact time of 2 minutes. The experiment was carried out with two repetitions. The treatment effect on decreasing the number of bacteria using a multiple linear regression mathematical model. The results showed that the disinfection process of bacterial-contaminated infusion bottles using water required rinsing up to six times, whereas using 45% andosol soil solution only rinsed once. The effectiveness of the disinfection of infusion bottles contaminated with bacteria using soil solution reduces the number of bacteria by 98%.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKnut Stavem, Gunnar Einvik, Birgitte Tholin, Waleed Ghanima, Erik Hessen, Christofer Lundqvist
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
by Knut Stavem, Gunnar Einvik, Birgitte Tholin, Waleed Ghanima, Erik Hessen, Christofer Lundqvist
Studies have reported reduced cognitive function following COVID-19 illness, mostly from hospital settings with short follow-up times. This study recruited non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients from a general population to study prevalence of late cognitive impairment and associations with initial symptoms. We invited patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19. A postal questionnaire addressed basic demographics, initial COVID-19 symptoms and co-morbidity about 4 months after diagnosis. About 7 months later, we conducted cognitive tests using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, comprising four tests for short-term memory, attention and executive function. We present descriptive statistics using z-scores relative to UK population norms and defined impairment as z-score
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedManu De Rycker, Susan Wyllie, David Horn, Kevin D. Read, Ian H. Gilbert
Nat Rev Microbiol, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 22 August 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00777-yIn this Review, Gilbert and colleagues discuss recent progress in drug discovery for kinetoplastid diseases and how an improved understanding of parasite biology affects the drug discovery process
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEnos Moyo, Godfrey Musuka, Grant Murewanhema, Perseverance Moyo, Tafadzwa Dzinamarira
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Asbjørn Langeland Toft, Victor Næstholt Dahl, Armando Sifna, Olusoji Mayowa Ige, Valérie Schwoebel, Mahamadou Bassirou Souleymane, Alberto Piubello, Christian Wejse
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Peter B. Gilbert, Yunda Huang, Allan C. deCamp, Shelly Karuna, Yuanyuan Zhang, Craig A. Magaret, Elena E. Giorgi, Bette Korber, Paul T. Edlefsen, Raabya Rossenkhan, Michal Juraska, Erika Rudnicki, Nidhi Kochar, Ying Huang, Lindsay N. Carpp, Dan H. Barouch, Nonhlanhla N. Mkhize, Tandile Hermanus, Prudence Kgagudi, Valerie Bekker, Haajira Kaldine, Rutendo E. Mapengo, Amanda Eaton, Elize Domin, Carley West, Wenhong Feng, Haili Tang, Kelly E. Seaton, Jack Heptinstall, Caroline Brackett, Kelvin Chiong, Georgia D. Tomaras, Philip Andrew, Bryan T. Mayer, Daniel B. Reeves, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Nigel Garrett, Jorge Sanchez, Cynthia Gay, Joseph Makhema, Carolyn Williamson, James I. Mullins, John Hural, Myron S. Cohen, Lawrence Corey, David C. Montefiori, Lynn Morris
Nature, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Nature Medicine, Published online: 22 August 2022; doi:10.1038/s41591-022-01953-6By integrating the serum concentration of a broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) with its in vitro 80% inhibitory concentration, the PT80 biomarker may be used to guide target levels of bNAbs for effective prevention of HIV-1 acquisition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGeletta Tadele, Fatou K. Jaiteh, Mary Oboh, Eniyou Oriero, Sisay Dugassa, Alfred Amambua-Ngwa, Lemu Golassa aAklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa Universitygrid.7123.7, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia bMedical Research Council Unit the Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Abstract
Background and aim
It seems that acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination is the most effective way to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic now. Health care workers (HCWs) are one of the most important groups who are at risk for COVID-19 infection. This study aimed to assess the COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance among HCWs in Iran and its determinants.
Methods
A cross‐sectional survey was carried out among 3600 HCWs in Iran. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire by a trained team from February to March 2021. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for selecting respondents of the study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the key factors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among participants. P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
Out of the 3536 respondents, 2191 (62.1%) intended to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. Only about 10 percent of respondents said they did not trust any vaccine (domestic or foreign). Willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine was relatively high among males, doctors, and those who had a history of hospitalization due to COVID-19 infection. The multivariate regression analysis showed respondents who were 40–50 years (aOR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.47–1.66), had a history of COVID-19 infection (aOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.83–0.88), and hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection (aOR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.97–2.39), were significantly associated with vaccine acceptance (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Our study showed moderate acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in the HCWs in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The most important factor in the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine by the health staff is having a history of hospitalization. Further training and justification of health personnel is needed to increase the acceptance of COVID 19 vaccine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Abstract
Background
COVID-19 outcomes among hospitalized patients may have changed due to new variants, therapies and vaccine availability. We assessed outcomes of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 2020–February 2022.
Methods
Data were retrieved from electronic health medical records of adult COVID-19 patients hospitalized in a large community health system. Duration was split into March 2020–June 2021 (pre-Delta period), July–November 2021 (Delta period), and December 2021–February 2022 (Omicron period).
Results
Of included patients (n = 9582), 75% were admitted during pre-Delta, 9% during Delta, 16% during Omicron period. The COVID-positive inpatients were oldest during Omicron period but had lowest rates of COVID pneumonia and resource utilization (p < 0.0001); 46% were vaccinated during Delta and 61% during Omicron period (p < 0.0001). After adjustment for demographics and comorbidities, vaccination was associated with lower inpatient mortality (OR = 0.47 (0.34–0.65), p < 0.0001). The Omicron period was independently associated with lower risk of inpatient mortality (OR = 0.61 (0.45–0.82), p = 0.0010). Vaccination and Omicron period admission were also independently associated with lower healthcare resource utilization (p < 0.05). Magnitudes of associations varied between age groups with strongest protective effects seen in younger patients.
Conclusion
Outcomes of COVID-19 inpatients were evolving throughout the pandemic and were affected by changing demographics, virus variants, and vaccination.
Key point
In this observational study of almost 10,000 patients hospitalized from March 2020–February 2022 with COVID-19, age and having multiple comorbidities remained consistent risk factors for mortality regardless of the variant. Vaccination was high in our hospitalized patients. Vaccination conveyed less severe illness and was associated with lower inpatient mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Carolina T. Rath, Áislan C. Vivarini, José Vitorino dos Santos, Jorge M. Medina, Alessandra M. Saliba, Jeremy C. Mottram, Ana Paula C. A. Lima, Teresa Cristina Calegari-Silva, Renata M. Pereira, Ulisses G. Lopes aInstituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil bDepartmento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil cYork Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom dInstituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Hwan Keun Kim aCenter for Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook Universitygrid.36425.36, Stony Brook, New York, USA, Karen M. Ottemann
Infection and Immunity, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Michael Sharland, Veronica Zanichelli, Loice Achieng Ombajo, Joel Bazira, Bernadette Cappello, Ronald Chitatanga, Pem Chuki, Sumanth Gandra, Haileyesus Getahun, Stephan Harbarth, Mark Loeb, Marc Mendelson, Lorenzo Moja, Celine Pulcini, Hatim Sati, Evelina Tacconelli, Mei Zeng, Benedikt Huttner
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 22.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
The 22nd WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) (and 8th EMLc for children) released in 2021 includes 39 antibiotics (1, 2). In 2017, the EML introduced a new classification of antibiotics; Access (narrower spectrum), Watch (broader spectrum) and Reserve groups (last-resort) to standardise metrics of use and support stewardship (3). Overall, 265 antibiotics (including the 39 in the EML and EMLc: 20 Access, 11 Watch, 8 Reserve) have now been categorized into AWaRe groups. The EML has listed antibiotics since 1977 but for most infections the WHO has not previously given detailed guidance on how they should be used.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVivi Maketa, Flory Luzolo, Hypolite Muhindo‐Mavoko, Yves Claeys, Felicien Munday, Yemesi Benge Robert, Willy Bongo‐Pasi, Darius Mankindu, Samuel Mampunza, Philippe Lukanu, Mutheo Kasongo, Ntabe Namegabe Edmond, Kambale Karafuli Leopold, Delphin Phanzu Mavinga, Emmanuel Milandu Massamba, César‐Augustin Muaka Khoso, Raffaella Ravinetto
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 21.08.2022
Tilføjet 22.08.2022
Malaria Journal, 21.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Abstract
Background
Targeted research on residual malaria transmission is important to improve strategies in settings pursuing elimination, where transmission reductions prove challenging. This study aimed to detect and characterize spatial heterogeneity and factors associated with Plasmodium falciparum infections and exposure, P. falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1) antibody (Ab) response, in the Central Highlands of Madagascar (CHL).
Methods
From May to July 2014, a cross-sectional school-based survey was carried out in 182 fokontany (villages) within 7 health districts of the CHL. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and a bead-based immunoassay including PfAMA1 antigen biomarker were used to estimate malaria prevalence and seroprevalence, respectively. Local Moran’s I index was used to detect spatial “hotspots”. Remotely sensed environmental data—temperature, vegetation indices, land covers, and elevation—were used in multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models to characterize factors associated with malaria infection and cumulative exposure.
Results
Among 6,293 school-children ages 2–14 years surveyed, RDT prevalence was low at 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–1.1%), while PfAMA1 Ab seroprevalence was 7.0% (95% CI 6.4–7.7%). Hotspots of PfAMA1 Ab seroprevalence were observed in two districts (Ankazobe and Mandoto). Seroprevalence increased for children living > 5 km from a health centre (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% CI 1.2–2.2), and for those experiencing a fever episode in the previous 2 weeks (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.4), but decreased at higher elevation (for each 100-m increase, OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.8). A clear age pattern was observed whereby children 9–10 years old had an OR of 1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.4), children 11–12 years an OR of 3.7 (95% CI 2.8–5.0), and children 13–14 years an OR of 5.7 (95% CI 4.0–8.0) for seropositivity, compared with younger children (2–8 years).
Conclusion
The use of serology in this study provided a better understanding of malaria hotspots and associated factors, revealing a pattern of higher transmission linked to geographical barriers in health care access. The integration of antibody-assays into existing surveillance activities could improve exposure assessment, and may help to monitor the effectiveness of malaria control efforts and adapt elimination interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Dispatch - Coccidioidomycosis Seroincidence and Risk among Military Personnel, Naval Air Station Lemoore, San Joaquin Valley, California, USA
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Research Letter - Fatal Fungicide-Associated Triazole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Infection, Pennsylvania, USA
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Research Letter - Molecular Epidemiology of Blastomyces gilchristii Clusters, Minnesota, USA
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16.08.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
H. influenzae is as a rare but major cause of pregnancy-associated invasive disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 16.07.2022
Tilføjet 21.08.2022
Research - Increasing Incidence of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Disease, Idaho, USA, 2008-2019
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed