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Claryn S. J. KungAndrew SteptoeaDepartment of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTianyang MaoJooyoung KimMario A. Peña-HernándezGabrielee ValleMiyu MoriyamaSophia LuytenIsabel M. OttMaria Luisa Gomez-CalvoJeff R GehlhausenEmily BakerBenjamin IsraelowMartin SladeLokesh SharmaWei LiuChangwan RyuAsawari KordeChris J. LeeValter Silva MonteiroCarolina LucasHuiping DongYi YangSmita GopinathCraig B. WilenNoah PalmCharles S. Dela CruzAkiko IwasakiaDepartment of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510bDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510cDivision of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15213dDepartment of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06510eDepartment of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510fDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510gDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section of Occupational Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510hDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115iDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510jVeterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240kCenter for Infection and Immunity, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510lHHMI, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, Chantal B. F. VogelsAnne M. HahnNicholas F. G. ChenMallery BrebanTobias R KochChrispin ChaguzaIrina TikhonovaChristopher CastaldiShrikant ManeBony De KumarDavid FergusonNicholas KerantzasDavid PeaperMarie L LandryWade SchulzNathan Grubaugh
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 18, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJosé L. FachiBlanda Di LucciaSusan GilfillanHao-Wei ChangChristina SongJiye ChengMarina CellaMarco Aurelio VinoloJeffrey I. GordonMarco ColonnaaDepartment of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110bDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305cClinical Biomarkers and Diagnostics, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080dEdison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, and the Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110eDepartment of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 19, May 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQi Pan, Haizhan Jiao, Wanqin Zhang, Qiang Chen, Geshu Zhang, Jianhai Yu, Wei Zhao, Hongli Hu
Science Advances, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Wendy W. J. van de SandeAhmed H. Fahal1Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands2The Mycetoma Research Centre, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan, Graeme N. Forrest, Rod HayFerry Hagen
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Na Jiao, Lixin Zhu, Ruixin Zhu
Nature, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Youjia Zhong, Alicia Y. H. Kang, Carina J. X. Tay, Hui’ En Li, Nurul Elyana, Chee Wah Tan, Wee Chee Yap, Joey M. E. Lim, Nina Le Bert, Kuan Rong Chan, Eugenia Z. Ong, Jenny G. Low, Lynette P. Shek, Elizabeth Huiwen Tham, Eng Eong Ooi
Nature, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Raúl Y. Tito, Sara Verbandt, Marta Aguirre Vazquez, Leo Lahti, Chloe Verspecht, Verónica Lloréns-Rico, Sara Vieira-Silva, Janine Arts, Gwen Falony, Evelien Dekker, Joke Reumers, Sabine Tejpar, Jeroen Raes
Nature, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Amit Aryal, Emma Clarke‐Deelder, Souksanh Phommalangsy, Sengchanh Kounnavong, Günther Fink
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Metformin has antiviral activity against RNA viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The mechanism appears to be suppression of protein translation via targeting the host mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. In the COVID-OUT randomized trial for outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), metformin reduced the odds of hospitalizations/death through 28 days by 58%, of emergency department visits/hospitalizations/death through 14 days by 42%, and of long COVID through 10 months by 42%.Methods COVID-OUT was a 2 × 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial that assessed metformin, fluvoxamine, and ivermectin; 999 participants self-collected anterior nasal swabs on day 1 (n = 945), day 5 (n = 871), and day 10 (n = 775). Viral load was quantified using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The mean SARS-CoV-2 viral load was reduced 3.6-fold with metformin relative to placebo (−0.56 log10 copies/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.05 to −.06; P = .027). Those who received metformin were less likely to have a detectable viral load than placebo at day 5 or day 10 (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% CI, .55 to .94). Viral rebound, defined as a higher viral load at day 10 than day 5, was less frequent with metformin (3.28%) than placebo (5.95%; OR, 0.68; 95% CI, .36 to 1.29). The metformin effect was consistent across subgroups and increased over time. Neither ivermectin nor fluvoxamine showed effect over placebo.Conclusions In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial of outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2, metformin significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load, which may explain the clinical benefits in this trial. Metformin is pleiotropic with other actions that are relevant to COVID-19 pathophysiology.Clinical Trials Registration NCT04510194.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Approximately 4 years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, available treatment options for outpatients have a mixed track record. The most notable success is nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, which significantly reduces the risk of hospitalization and death in high-risk, unvaccinated outpatients [1]. Yet, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is not a panacea. Whereas observational studies suggest a similar benefit in high-risk, vaccinated individuals [2, 3], a randomized study in a standard-risk population did not show improvement in either time to resolution of symptoms or the incidence of hospitalization or death [4]. Multiple drug interactions and virologic rebound [5, 6] further complicate its use. While remdesivir and molnupiravir are reasonable alternatives in select populations, they also have weaknesses. Remdesivir must be given intravenously, which is a substantial logistical challenge, and molnupiravir has both questionable efficacy in vaccinated or otherwise immune populations as well as safety concerns. This latter issue is related to the mechanism of action of molnupiravir, which leads to possible mutagenesis, limiting its use in women and men with “pregnancy potential” [7]. Meanwhile, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed escape mutants to monoclonal antibodies faster than these intravenous agents can be developed; although one such agent, pemivibart, has recently been made available for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk groups, none have been available for treatment since the US Food and Drug Administration halted use of bebtelovimab in November 2022 [8]. Several other experimental agents are in development, yet the timeline for their availability is uncertain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah N’Da Konan, Emmanuel Ségéral, Fabienne Bejjani, Maryam Bendoumou, Mélissa Ait Said, Sarah Gallois-Montbrun and Stéphane Emiliani
Retrovirology, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Ying Ju Chen, Meei Ling Sheu, Keh Sung Tsai, Rong Sen Yang, Shing Hwa Liu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Ying Ju Chen, Meei Ling Sheu, Keh Sung Tsai, Rong Sen Yang, Shing Hwa Liu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA. Q. M. Robiul Kawser, M. Nazmul Hoque, M. Shaminur Rahman, Tahsin Islam Sakif, Tracey J. Coffey, Tofazzal Islam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by A. Q. M. Robiul Kawser, M. Nazmul Hoque, M. Shaminur Rahman, Tahsin Islam Sakif, Tracey J. Coffey, Tofazzal Islam The field of fish microbiome research has rapidly been advancing, primarily focusing on farmed or laboratory fish species rather than natural or marine fish populations. This study sought to reveal the distinctive gut bacteriome composition and diversity within the anadromous fish species Tenualosa ilisha (hilsa), which holds the status of being the national fish of Bangladesh. We conducted an analysis on 15 gut samples obtained from 15 individual hilsa fishes collected from three primary habitats (e.g., freshwater = 5, brackish water = 5 and marine water = 5) in Bangladesh. The analysis utilized metagenomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions. Our comprehensive identification revealed a total of 258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The observed OTUs were represented by six phyla, nine classes, 19 orders, 26 families and 40 genera of bacteria. Our analysis unveiled considerable taxonomic differences among the habitats (freshwater, brackish water, and marine water) of hilsa fishes, as denoted by a higher level of shared microbiota (p = 0.007, Kruskal-Wallis test). Among the identified genera in the gut of hilsa fishes, including Vagococcus, Morganella, Enterobacter, Plesiomonas, Shigella, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Serratia, Aeromonas, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, and Hafnia, several are recognized as fish probiotics. Importantly, some bacterial genera such as Sinobaca, Synechococcus, Gemmata, Serinicoccus, Saccharopolyspora, and Paulinella identified in the gut of hilsa identified in this study have not been reported in any aquatic or marine fish species. Significantly, we observed that 67.50% (27/40) of bacterial genera were found to be common among hilsa fishes across all three habitats. Our findings offer compelling evidence for the presence of both exclusive and communal bacteriomes within the gut of hilsa fishes, exhibiting potential probiotic properties. These observations could be crucial for guiding future microbiome investigations in this economically significant fish species.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRebeca Gonçalves, G. W. Wieger Wamelink, Peter van der Putten, Jochem B. Evers
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Rebeca Gonçalves, G. W. Wieger Wamelink, Peter van der Putten, Jochem B. Evers Future colonists on Mars will need to produce fresh food locally to acquire key nutrients lost in food dehydration, the primary technique for sending food to space. In this study we aimed to test the viability and prospect of applying an intercropping system as a method for soil-based food production in Martian colonies. This novel approach to Martian agriculture adds valuable insight into how we can optimise resource use and enhance colony self-sustainability, since Martian colonies will operate under very limited space, energy, and Earth supplies. A likely early Martian agricultural setting was simulated using small pots, a controlled greenhouse environment, and species compliant with space mission requirements. Pea (Pisum sativum), carrot (Daucus carota) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were grown in three soil types (“MMS-1” Mars regolith simulant, potting soil and sand), planted either mixed (intercropping) or separate (monocropping). Rhizobia bacteria (Rhizobium leguminosarum) were added as the pea symbiont for Nitrogen-fixing. Plant performance was measured as above-ground biomass (g), yield (g), harvest index (%), and Nitrogen/Phosphorus/Potassium content in yield (g/kg). The overall intercropping system performance was calculated as total relative yield (RYT). Intercropping had clear effects on plant performance in Mars regolith, being beneficial for tomato but mostly detrimental for pea and carrot, ultimately giving an overall yield disadvantage compared to monocropping (RYT = 0.93). This effect likely resulted from the observed absence of Rhizobia nodulation in Mars regolith, negating Nitrogen-fixation and preventing intercropped plants from leveraging their complementarity. Adverse regolith conditions—high pH, elevated compactness and nutrient deficiencies—presumably restricted Rhizobia survival/nodulation. In sand, where more favourable soil conditions promoted effective nodulation, intercropping significantly outperformed monocropping (RYT = 1.32). Given this, we suggest that with simple regolith improvements, enhancing conditions for nodulation, intercropping shows promise as a method for optimising food production in Martian colonies. Specific regolith ameliorations are proposed for future research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChibamba Mumba, Zoran Muhimbe, Victor Mapulanga, Musonda Kawimbe, Keagan Mutale, Anglin Hamasuku, Jane Musumali, Nicholas K. Mwale, Owen Ngalamika
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Chibamba Mumba, Zoran Muhimbe, Victor Mapulanga, Musonda Kawimbe, Keagan Mutale, Anglin Hamasuku, Jane Musumali, Nicholas K. Mwale, Owen Ngalamika Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) occurs more frequently in some developing countries compared to developed countries. Infection with HIV and/or high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) are risk factors for penile cancer development. The tumor microenvironment of PSCC may predict prognosis and may inform on the best targets for immunotherapy. We evaluated the immune microenvironment of penile tumors histologically, and determined whether and/or how HIV and/or hrHPV infections affect this tumor microenvironment. We conducted a prospective analytical cross-sectional study in which penile cancer tumors from 35 patients presenting at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia were histologically staged and assessed for presence of tumor infiltrating immune cells and expression of immune checkpoints. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate immune checkpoints and infiltrating immune cells, while multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for hrHPV genotyping. The median age of all participants was 55 years. About 24% had advanced histological stage, 83% were HIV+, and 63% had hrHPV detected in their tumors using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. PDL1 expression was significantly higher in HIV- participants than HIV+ participants (p = 0.02). Tumors with multiple hrHPV infections had a significantly higher number of cells expressing TIM3 than those with one hrHPV (p = 0.04). High grade tumors had a significantly higher infiltrate of FoxP3+ cells (p = 0.02), CD68+ cells (p = 0.01), CD163+ cells (p = 0.01), LAG3+ cells (p = 0.01), PD1+ cells (p = 0.01) and TIM3+ cells (p = 0.03) when compared with low grade tumours. There was significant moderate to strong positive correlation of cells expressing PD1 and LAG3 (⍴ = 0.69; p = 0.0001), PD1 and TIM3 (⍴ = 0.49; p = 0.017) and TIM3 and LAG3 PDL1 (⍴ = 0.61; p = 0.001). In conclusion, the tumor microenvironment of penile squamous cell carcinoma seems to be affected by both HIV and HPV infections. TIM3 appears to be a potential therapeutic target in PSCC patients with hrHPV infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNamrah Anwar, Qurratulain Chundriger, Sohail Awan, Tariq Moatter, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Maria Abdul Rasheed, Shahid Pervez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Namrah Anwar, Qurratulain Chundriger, Sohail Awan, Tariq Moatter, Tazeen Saeed Ali, Maria Abdul Rasheed, Shahid Pervez Oral cancer (OC) is the most common cancer in Pakistani males and the second most common in females. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and molecular pathways. However, less data is available for this avertible cancer regarding its association with high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) and chewing habits in this region. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of HR-HPV in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its correlation with p16 and chewing habits. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy specimens of 186 samples were tested for HR-HPV type 16/18 by PCR, followed by p16 immunostaining (IHC) in a subset of cases (n = 50). Appropriate statistical tests were applied to find the association between HR-HPV/p16 and peculiar chewing habits with significance criteria of p0.05). It was concluded that HR-HPV prevalence in OSCC was very low in our population, with no statistically significant correlation with p16 and chewing habits. These results suggest the role of HR-HPV as an independent risk factor in OSCC in the local setting.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLulah Alnaji
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Lulah Alnaji This study integrates advanced machine learning techniques, namely Artificial Neural Networks, Long Short-Term Memory, and Gated Recurrent Unit models, to forecast monkeypox outbreaks in Canada, Spain, the USA, and Portugal. The research focuses on the effectiveness of these models in predicting the spread and severity of cases using data from June 3 to December 31, 2022, and evaluates them against test data from January 1 to February 7, 2023. The study highlights the potential of neural networks in epidemiology, especially concerning recent monkeypox outbreaks. It provides a comparative analysis of the models, emphasizing their capabilities in public health strategies. The research identifies optimal model configurations and underscores the efficiency of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm in training. The findings suggest that ANN models, particularly those with optimized Root Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, and the Coefficient of Determination values, are effective in infectious disease forecasting and can significantly enhance public health responses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFelipe Liporaci, Danilo Carlotti, Ana Carlotti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Felipe Liporaci, Danilo Carlotti, Ana Carlotti Bloodstream infection (BSI) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and high healthcare costs. Early detection and appropriate treatment of BSI may improve patient’s outcome. Data on machine-learning models to predict BSI in pediatric patients are limited and neither study included time series data. We aimed to develop a machine learning model to predict an early diagnosis of BSI in patients admitted to the PICU. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who had at least one positive blood culture result during stay at a PICU of a tertiary-care university hospital, from January 1st to December 31st 2019. Patients with positive blood culture results with growth of contaminants and those with incomplete data were excluded. Models were developed using demographic, clinical and laboratory data collected from the electronic medical record. Laboratory data (complete blood cell counts with differential and C-reactive protein) and vital signs (heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, temperature, oxygen saturation) were obtained 72 hours before and on the day of blood culture collection. A total of 8816 data from 76 patients were processed by the models. The machine committee was the best-performing model, showing accuracy of 99.33%, precision of 98.89%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 98.46%. Hence, we developed a model using demographic, clinical and laboratory data collected on a routine basis that was able to detect BSI with excellent accuracy and precision, and high sensitivity and specificity. The inclusion of vital signs and laboratory data variation over time allowed the model to identify temporal changes that could be suggestive of the diagnosis of BSI. Our model might help the medical team in clinical-decision making by creating an alert in the electronic medical record, which may allow early antimicrobial initiation and better outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMd. Galib An-Noor Amio, Humaira Nafisa Ahmed, Syed Mithun Ali, Sayem Ahmed, Abhijit Majumdar
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by Md. Galib An-Noor Amio, Humaira Nafisa Ahmed, Syed Mithun Ali, Sayem Ahmed, Abhijit Majumdar Today, supply chain (SC) networks are facing more disruptions compared to the past. While disruptions are rare, they can have catastrophic long-term economic or societal repercussions, and the recovery processes can be lengthy. These can tremendously affect the SC and make it vulnerable, as observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The identification of these concerns has prompted the demand for improved disruption management by developing resilient, agile, and adaptive SC. The aim of this study is to introduce an assessment framework for prioritizing and evaluating the determinants to supply chain resilience (SCR). To analyze the empirical data, fuzzy criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (fuzzy CRITIC) and fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy TOPSIS) have been incorporated. Fuzzy CRITIC method was used to identify the critical determinants and fuzzy TOPSIS method was applied for determining relative ranking of some real-world companies. Finally, by developing propositions an interpretive triple helix framework was proposed to achieve SCR. This research stands out for its originality in both methodology and implications. By introducing the novel combination of Fuzzy CRITIC and Fuzzy TOPSIS in the assessment of determinants to SCR and applying these determinants with the help of interpretive triple helix framework to establish a resilient SC, this study offers a unique and valuable contribution to the field of SCR. The key findings suggest that ‘Responsiveness’ followed by ‘Managerial coordination and information integration’ are the most significant determinant to achieve SCR. The outcome of this work can assist the managers to achieve SCR with improved agility and adaptivity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSandra De la Rosa Riestra, Pedro María Martínez Pérez-Crespo, María Teresa Pérez Rodríguez, Adrián Sousa, Josune Goikoetxea, José María Reguera Iglesias, Carlos Armiñanzas, Inmaculada López-Hernández, Luis E. López-Cortés, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, the PROBAC group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Early initiation of active drugs in patients with BSI, typically as empirical therapy, has been associated with better outcomes [2-5]. Further delay in administering active therapy even once the susceptibility results are available is not infrequent in absence of specific specialized interventions [6,7]. However, the impact of delay in administering active target therapy has not received much attention despite being potentially important for intervention purposes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlex John Scott, Mohammed Limbada, Tahlia Perumal, Shameem Jaumdally, Andrea Kotze, Charnay van der Merwe, Maina Cheeba, Deborah Milimo, Keelin Murphy, Bram van Ginneken, Mariana de Kock, Robin Mark Warren, Phindile Gina, Jeremi Swanepoel, Louié Kühn, Suzette Oelofse, Anil Pooran, Aliasgar Esmail, Helen Ayles, Keertan Dheda
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
To evaluate diagnostic yield and feasibility of integrating testing for TB and COVID-19 using molecular and radiological screening tools during community-based active case-finding (ACF).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSonia Ares-Gómez, Narmeen Mallah, María-Isolina Santiago-Pérez, Jacobo Pardo-Seco, Olaia Pérez-Martínez, María-Teresa Otero-Barrós, Nuria Suárez-Gaiche, Rolf Kramer, Jing Jin, Leticia Platero-Alonso, Rosa-María Alvárez-Gil, Olga-María Ces-Ozores, Victoria Nartallo-Penas, Susana Mirás-Carballal, Marta Piñeiro-Sotelo, Alberto Malvar-Pintos, Juan-Manuel González-Pérez, Carmen Rodríguez-Tenreiro-Sánchez, Irene Rivero-Calle, Antonio Salas, Carmen Durán-Parrondo, Federico Martinón-Torres, NIRSE-GAL study group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Nirsevimab substantially reduced infant hospitalisations for RSV-associated LRTI, severe RSV-associated LRTI requiring oxygen, and all-cause LRTI when given in real-world conditions. These findings offer policy makers and health authorities robust, real-world, population-based evidence to guide the development of strategies for RSV prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Purpose To analyse recent epidemiological trends of bloodstream infections (BSI) caused by Enterococcus spp. In adult patients admitted to tertiary care centres in Germany. Methods Epidemiological data from the multicentre R-NET study was analysed. Patients presenting with E. faecium or E. faecalis in blood cultures in six German tertiary care university hospitals between October 2016 and June 2020 were prospectively evaluated. In vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), the presence of vanA/vanB was confirmed via molecular methods. Results In the 4-year study period, 3001 patients with BSI due to Enterococcus spp. were identified. E. faecium was detected in 1830 patients (61%) and E. faecalis in 1229 patients (41%). Most BSI occurred in (sub-) specialties of internal medicine. The pooled incidence density of enterococcal BSI increased significantly (4.0–4.5 cases per 10,000 patient days), which was primarily driven by VRE BSI (0.5 to 1.0 cases per 10,000 patient days). In 2020, the proportion of VRE BSI was > 12% in all study sites (range, 12.8–32.2%). Molecular detection of resistance in 363 VRE isolates showed a predominance of the vanB gene (77.1%). Conclusion This large multicentre study highlights an increase of BSI due to E. faecium, which was primarily driven by VRE. The high rates of hospital- and ICU-acquired VRE BSI point towards an important role of prior antibiotic exposure and invasive procedures as risk factors. Due to limited treatment options and high mortality rates of VRE BSI, the increasing incidence of VRE BSI is of major concern.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Infection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Bloodstream infections (BSI) and sepsis are important causes of hospitalization, loss of health, and death globally. Targetable risk factors need to be identified to improve prevention and treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and risk of and mortality from BSI and sepsis in the general population during a 22-year period. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among participants in the population-based Norwegian HUNT Study, where 68,438 participated. The median follow-up time was 17.4 years. The exposures were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin–creatinine ratio (ACR) in urine. The outcomes were hazard ratios (HR) of hospital admission or death due to BSI or sepsis. The associations were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, obesity, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and cardiovascular disease. Results Participants with eGFR 30 mg/mmol) had HR 3.60 for BSI (95% CI 2.30–5.6) and 3.14 for sepsis (95% CI 1.94–5.1) compared to normal albumin excretion (ACR
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a disease with unfavorable vital and functional prognoses. There are no recent epidemiological data on HSE at a national level using real-life databases, especially in France. This study aimed to report the incidence, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients with HSE. Methods We conducted a comprehensive retrospective cohort study on all patients hospitalized for HSE in France between 2015 and 2022 using national hospital discharge databases. Incidence, socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (including comorbidities, seizure, stays’ features, intensive care supports) were described. The short- (first stay) and long-term (6-month) outcomes were reported, in terms of mortality and rehospitalizations. Results 1425 HSE patients were included (median age 67 [54–77] years old, M/F sex ratio 1.07), giving a mean yearly hospital incidence of 2.3 [2.1–2.5] per 1,000,000 inhabitants. 51.2% of the patients were admitted in ICU (n = 730), of whom 59.0% were mechanically ventilated. The overall mortality during the first stay was 14.3% (n = 204), up to 17.9% for ICU patients. Within 6 months, among the survivors, 10.1% had at least one rehospitalization related to HSE. At 6 months, 16.5% of all patients had died (n = 235), 20.8% for ICU patients. Conclusion In France, the incidence of hospitalizations for HSE was 2.3 per 1,000,000 inhabitants with more than half of the patients admitted in ICU and a 6-month in-hospital mortality about 16.5%. This real-life update on the characteristics and severe outcomes of the disease raises awareness among care practitioners, of the serious nature of the disease, and thus can lead to higher vigilance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background The stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), adjusted for average glycemic status, is suggested for assessing actual blood glucose levels. Its link with adverse outcomes is known in certain populations, yet its impact on sepsis patients’ prognosis is unclear. This study explores the association between SHR and mortality in sepsis. Methods We included 13,199 sepsis patients in this study and categorized SHR into distinct groups. Additionally, we utilized restricted cubic spline analysis to evaluate the correlation between SHR as a continuous variable and mortality. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the associations between the SHR and both in-hospital mortality and 1-year mortality, respectively. Results Among the study participants, 4,690 (35.5%) patients died during the 1-year follow-up. After adjusting for confounding variables, we identified a U-shaped correlation between SHR and 1-year mortality. Using an SHR of 0.99 as the reference point, the hazard ratio for predicted 1-year mortality increased by 1.17 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.27) per standard deviation above 0.99, whereas each standard deviation increase predicted the hazard ratio of 0.52 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.69) below 0.99. Furthermore, we found that SHR could enhance the predictive performance of conventional severity scores. Conclusion There exists a U shaped association between SHR and mortality in sepsis patients, where both low and high SHR values are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHugh C Murray, Michael Muleme, Darcie Cooper, Bridgette J McNamara, Mohammad A Hussain, Caroline Bartolo, Daniel P O'Brien, Eugene Athan
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a high burden of disease worldwide and was a major challenge for healthcare service delivery. The strain on health services and other associated healthcare risks observed during the COVID-19 pandemic provide great learnings for managing COVID-19 in its current endemic phase as well as for other similar respiratory conditions [1]. Secondary infections during COVID-19 have been reported since the beginning of the pandemic and are also a feature of other respiratory infections [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah Soueges, Valérie Cheynet, Thomas Briot, Claire Merveilleux du Vignaux, Nicolas Benech, Florence Ader
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Norovirus (NoV) infections can lead to severe complications in immunocompromised patients (1). Nitazoxanide, ribavirin and intravenous (IV) or oral immunoglobulins (Ig) have shown limited efficacy (1,2). The gut microbiota has been described as impacting NoV infectivity and might constitute a therapeutic target (3), which can be modulated by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) (4).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaraiva, I. E., Hamahata, N., Huang, D. T., Kane-Gill, S. L., Rivosecchi, R. M., Shiva, S., Nolin, T. D., Chen, X., Minturn, J., Chang, C.-C. H., Li, X., Kellum, J., Gomez, H.
BMJ Open, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of sepsis associated with increased risk of death. Preclinical data and observational human studies suggest that activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, an ubiquitous master regulator of energy that can limit mitochondrial injury, with metformin may protect against sepsis-associated AKI (SA-AKI) and mortality. The Randomized Clinical Trial of the Safety and FeasibiLity of Metformin as a Treatment for sepsis-associated AKI (LiMiT AKI) aims to evaluate the safety and feasibility of enteral metformin in patients with sepsis at risk of developing SA-AKI. Methods and analysisBlind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial in a single-centre, quaternary teaching hospital in the USA. We will enrol adult patients (18 years of age or older) within 48 hours of meeting Sepsis-3 criteria, admitted to intensive care unit, with oral or enteral access. Patients will be randomised 1:1:1 to low-dose metformin (500 mg two times per day), high-dose metformin (1000 mg two times per day) or placebo for 5 days. Primary safety outcome will be the proportion of metformin-associated serious adverse events. Feasibility assessment will be based on acceptability by patients and clinicians, and by enrolment rate. Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board. All patients or surrogates will provide written consent prior to enrolment and any study intervention. Metformin is a widely available, inexpensive medication with a long track record for safety, which if effective would be accessible and easy to deploy. We describe the study methods using the Standard Protocol Items for Randomized Trials framework and discuss key design features and methodological decisions. LiMiT AKI will investigate the feasibility and safety of metformin in critically ill patients with sepsis at risk of SA-AKI, in preparation for a future large-scale efficacy study. Main results will be published as soon as available after final analysis. Trial registration numberNCT05900284.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection is a significant public health concern worldwide. TB delay, consisting of patient delay, diagnostic delay, treatment delay, increases the risk of adverse anti-TB treatment (ATT) outcomes. Except for individual level variables, differences in regional levels have been shown to impact the ATT outcomes. However, few studies appropriately considered possible individual and regional level confounding variables. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of TB delay on treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) of China, using a causal inference framework while taking into account individual and regional level factors. Methods We conducted a study to analyze data from 2068 patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2022. To address potential confounding bias, we used a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) to select appropriate confounding variables. Further, we controlled for these confounders through multilevel propensity score and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Results The successful rate of ATT for patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture was 91.2%. Total delay (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.015, 1.962), diagnostic delay (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.261, 2.508), treatment delay (OR = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.146, 2.668) and health system delay (OR = 1.480 95% CI: (1.035, 2.118) were identified as risk factors for successful ATT outcome. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings. Conclusions HIV-TB co-infection prevention and control policy in Liangshan Prefecture should prioritize early treatment for diagnosed HIV-TB co-infected patients. It is urgent to improve the health system in Liangshan Prefecture to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Considering the significance of increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and its adverse effects on individual and social health and the important and effective role that veterinarians play in controlling this growing issue worldwide, it is essential to have effective preventive control programs. To this aim, the first step is to identify the factors behind the prevalence of AMR in Iran and the barriers veterinarians face to controlling this problem. Thus, the present study was conducted to explain the barriers veterinarians faced in the prevention of AMR from an Iranian veterinarian’s perspective. Methods The present research was done in three cities in Iran in 2021. The data were collected through in-depth interviews with 18 veterinarians selected through purposive and snowball sampling and analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. Results The data analysis results were classified into 4 main categories and 44 subcategories. The former included: educational factors, administrative/legal factors, client-related factors, and veterinarian-related factors. Conclusions The increased AMR can be approached from multiple aspects. Considering the different factors that affect the increased AMR, it is necessary to consider them all through effective planning and policy-making at multi-level and multidisciplinary dimensions. There is special attention needed to scientific and practical interventions at the individual, interpersonal, social, and even political levels. At the same time, measures should be taken to rehabilitate and maintain the health of society to strengthen supervision and attract the full participation of interested organizations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Both sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) and HIV infection can interfere with normal sleep architecture, and also cause physical and psychological distress. We aimed to understand the differences in the obstructive patterns, sleep architecture, physical and psychological distress when compared between people living with HIV (PLWH) and matched the severity of SRBDs controls. Methods A comparative study using matched case-control design was conducted. Men with HIV infection (case group) were enrolled from 2016 to 2019. A control group with HIV seronegative men were matched for SRBDs severity, and were selected from sleep medicine center database for comparison. Results The mean age of the 108 men (including 54 cases and 54 matched controls) was 33.75 years. Central-apnea index (CI) was higher in the case group rather than matched controls (mean CI, 0.34 vs. 0.17, p = 0.049). PLWH had a lower mean percentage of stage 3 sleep (10.26% vs. 13.94%, p = 0.034) and a higher percentage of rapid eye movement sleep (20.59% vs. 17.85%, p = 0.011) compared to matched controls. Nocturnal enuresis and sleepiness causing traffic accidents were more frequent complaint in PLWH compared to controls. Conclusions Early detected SRBDs and subtypes in PLWH to begin treatment for the underlying cause could reduce the risk of sleepiness-related traffic accidents.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In the summer of 2019, Claire (name changed for confidentiality) began to feel unwell. “I felt exhausted all the time”, she explains. “But when I went to my family doctor on two different occasions, I was told fatigue was a complex issue and not given any diagnosis.”
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicholas Heming, Alain Renault, Emmanuelle Kuperminc, Christian Brun-Buisson, Bruno Megarbane, Jean-Pierre Quenot, Shidasp Siami, Alain Cariou, Xavier Forceville, Carole Schwebel, Marc Leone, Jean-Francois Timsit, Benoît Misset, Mohamed Ali Benali, Gwenhael Colin, Bertrand Souweine, Karim Asehnoune, Emmanuelle Mercier, Loïc Chimot, Claire Charpentier, Bruno François, Thierry Boulain, Frank Petitpas, Jean Michel Constantin, Gilles Dhonneur, François Baudin, Alain Combes, Julien Bohé, Jean-François Loriferne, Fabrice Cook, Michel Slama, Olivier Leroy, Gilles Capellier, Auguste Dargent, Tarik Hissem, Rania Bounab, Virginie Maxime, Pierre Moine, Eric Bellissant, Djillali Annane, APROCCHSS investigators, CRICS-TRIGGERSEP network
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In a pre-specified subgroup analysis of the APROCCHSS trial of patients with CAP and septic shock, hydrocortisone plus fludrocortisone reduced mortality as compared with placebo. Although a large proportion of patients with CAP also met criteria for ARDS, the subgroup analysis was underpowered to fully discriminate between ARDS and CAP modifying effects on mortality reduction with corticosteroids. There was no evidence of a significant treatment effect of corticosteroids in the non-CAP subgroup.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClaire Dahyot-Fizelier, Sigismond Lasocki, Thomas Kerforne, Pierre-Francois Perrigault, Thomas Geeraerts, Karim Asehnoune, Raphaël Cinotti, Yoann Launey, Vincent Cottenceau, Marc Laffon, Thomas Gaillard, Matthieu Boisson, Camille Aleyrat, Denis Frasca, Olivier Mimoz, PROPHY-VAP Study Group and the ATLANREA Study Group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In patients with acute brain injury, a single ceftriaxone dose decreased the risk of early VAP. On the basis of our findings, we recommend that an early, single dose of ceftriaxone be included in all bundles for the prevention of VAP in patients with brain injury who require mechanical ventilation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYin Mo, Suchart Booraphun, Andrew Yunkai Li, Pornanan Domthong, Gyan Kayastha, Yie Hui Lau, Ploenchan Chetchotisakd, Direk Limmathurotsakul, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Ben S Cooper, REGARD-VAP investigators
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In this study of adults with VAP, individualised shortened antibiotic duration guided by clinical response was non-inferior to longer treatment durations in terms of 60-day mortality and pneumonia recurrence, and associated with substantially reduced antibiotic use and side-effects. Individualised, short-course antibiotic treatment for VAP could help to reduce the burden of side-effects and the risk of antibiotic resistance in high-resource and resource-limited settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSharana Mahomed1Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa, Graeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Yujie HouGuohua DengPengfei CuiXianying ZengBin LiDongxue WangXinwen HeCheng YanYaping ZhangJiongjie LiJinming MaYanbing LiXiurong WangGuobin TianHuihui KongLijie TangYasuo SuzukiJianzhong ShiHualan Chena State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute of Western Agriculture, CAAS, Changji, People's Republic of Chinad Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japane National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Jae-Deog KimAh-Ra LeeDah-Hyun MoonYoung-Uk ChungSu-Yeon HongHyo Je ChoTae Hyun KangYo Han JangMyung Hyun SohnBaik-Lin SeongSang-Uk Seoa Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Koreab Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Koreac The Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Integrative Biotechnology & Translational Medicine, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Koread Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Koreae Department of Biopharmaceutical Chemistry, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Koreaf Department of Vaccine Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Koreag Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Koreah Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Koreai Vaccine Innovative Technology ALliance (VITAL)-Korea, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 30 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Xingxing Zhang, Liuyang Yang, Teng Chen, Qing Wang, Jin Yang, Ting Zhang, Jiao Yang, Hongqing Zhao, Shengjie Lai, Luzhao Feng, Weizhong Yang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTakayuki Yamaji, Takahiro Harada, Yu Hashimoto, Yukiko Nakano, Masato Kajikawa, Kenichi Yoshimura, Chikara Goto, Yiming Han, Aya Mizobuchi, Farina Mohamad Yusoff, Shinji Kishimoto, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Ayumu Nakashima, Yukihito Higashi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Takayuki Yamaji, Takahiro Harada, Yu Hashimoto, Yukiko Nakano, Masato Kajikawa, Kenichi Yoshimura, Chikara Goto, Yiming Han, Aya Mizobuchi, Farina Mohamad Yusoff, Shinji Kishimoto, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Ayumu Nakashima, Yukihito Higashi The effects of Covid-19 vaccines on vascular function are still controversial. We evaluated the effects of BNT162b2 vaccine (BioNTech and Pfizer) on endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and vascular smooth muscle function assessed by nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID). This study was a prospective observational study. A total of 23 medical staff at Hiroshima University Hospital were enrolled in this study. FMD and NID were measured before vaccination and two weeks and six months after the 2nd dose of vaccination. FMD was significantly smaller two weeks after the 2nd dose of vaccination than before vaccination (6.5±2.4% and 8.2±2.6%, p = 0.03). FMD was significantly larger at six months than at two weeks after the 2nd dose of vaccination (8.2±3.0% and 6.5±2.4%, p = 0.03). There was no significant difference between FMD before vaccination and that at six months after the 2nd dose of vaccination (8.2±2.6% to 8.2±3.0%, p = 0.96). NID values were similar before vaccination and at two weeks, and six months after vaccination (p = 0.89). The BNT162b2 Covid-19 vaccine temporally impaired endothelial function but not vascular smooth muscle function, and the impaired endothelial function returned to the baseline level within six months after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaojing Shen, Xiaolin Zhu, Hairong Liu, Rongtao Yuan, Qingyuan Guo, Peng Zhao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Xiaojing Shen, Xiaolin Zhu, Hairong Liu, Rongtao Yuan, Qingyuan Guo, Peng Zhao Growing evidence has increasingly suggested a potential linkage between the oral microbiome and various diseases, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, the utilization of gene-level information derived from the oral microbiome for diagnosing PDAC remains unexplored. In this study, we sought to investigate the novel potential of leveraging genomic signatures associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the oral microbiome for the diagnosis of PDAC. By conducting an analysis of oral microbiome samples obtained from PDAC patients, we successfully identified specific ARGs that displayed distinct sequence abundance profiles correlated with the presence of PDAC. In the healthy group, three ARGs were found to be enriched, whereas 21 ARGs were enriched in PDAC patients. Remarkably, these ARGs from oral microbiome exhibited promising diagnostic capabilities for PDAC (AUROC = 0.79), providing a non-invasive and early detection method. Our findings not only provide novel modal data for diagnosing PDAC but also shed light on the intricate interplay between the oral microbiome and PDAC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi, Montaya Sunantiwat, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Sitaporn Youngkong, Surakit Nathisuwan, Bangunawati Rahajeng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Pramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi, Montaya Sunantiwat, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Sitaporn Youngkong, Surakit Nathisuwan, Bangunawati Rahajeng Delay in treatment seeking is recognized as a major contributor for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) mortality in Indonesia. Despite the significance of timely treatment, decline in admission and delay in presentation of patients with ACS were consistently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. These suggested that treatment seeking performance of patients during the pandemic might be different from the previous period. This qualitative study aimed to explore treatment seeking behaviour, barriers in seeking medical treatment, and experiences of patients with ACS in Yogyakarta, Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. In depth-interviews were carried out with 30 patients, who were hospitalized with ACS at one of the three selected hospitals in Yogyakarta during the pandemic period. Thematic analysis was performed to create vital explanations for treatment seeking practices of patients with ACS during pandemic. Three significant themes were identified: treatment seeking decisions, barriers in seeking medical treatment during COVID-19, and experiencing both good and bad impression from entering and staying in the hospital. The intensity of ACS symptoms and fear of COVID-19 infection dominated the delay in seeking medical treatment. Strict safety measures, religious belief, and fear of ACS helped patients overcome barriers and seek medical treatment during pandemic. ACS patients also had convenient medical care during the pandemic and believed medical staff would provide excellent care to them. However, visit restriction policy could cause psychological discomfort. Increase awareness of ACS symptoms and the risk of delays ACS treatment are essential to support patients’ decisions to seek medical helps in a timely manner at any situations including pandemic. Interventions aim at alleviating psychological distress should also be designed and implemented to improve treatment experiences of ACS patients, who sought medical treatment during the pandemic crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMengistu Yilma, Girma Taye, Workeabeba Abebe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Mengistu Yilma, Girma Taye, Workeabeba Abebe Background Standard precautions are the minimum standard of infection control to prevent transmission of infectious agents, protect healthcare workers, patients, and visitors regardless of infection status. The consistent implementation of standard precautions is highly effective in reducing transmission of pathogens that cause HAIs. Despite their effectiveness, compliance, resources, patient behavior, and time constraints are some of the challenges that can arise when implementing standard precautions. The main objective of this meta-analysis was to show the pooled prevalence of safe standard precaution practices among healthcare workers in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted for this study. We systematically searched observational study articles from PubMed Central and Google Scholar. We included articles published any year and involving healthcare workers. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The random effect model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence. The meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias (funnel plot, and Egger’s tests) were conducted. Results A total of 46 articles were included in this study. The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was 53%, with a 95% CI of (47, 59). These studies had a total sample size of 14061 with a minimum sample size of 17 and a maximum sample size of 2086. The majority of the studies (82.6%) were conducted in hospitals only (all kinds), and the remaining 17.4% were conducted in all health facilities, including hospitals. Conclusions The pooled prevalence of standard precautions practices among healthcare workers in LMICs was suboptimal. The findings of this study can have substantial implication for healthcare practice and policy making by providing robust evidence with synthesized and pooled evidence from multiple studies. Trial registration Registered on PROSPERO with record ID: CRD42023395129, on the 9th Feb. 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRea Lumi, Susanne Petri, Justyna Siwy, Agnieszka Latosinska, Julia Raad, Petra Zürbig, Thomas Skripuletz, Harald Mischak, Joachim Beige
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Rea Lumi, Susanne Petri, Justyna Siwy, Agnieszka Latosinska, Julia Raad, Petra Zürbig, Thomas Skripuletz, Harald Mischak, Joachim Beige Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by abnormal protein aggregation in the motor neurons. Present and earlier proteomic studies to characterize peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with motoneuron pathology did not target low molecular weight proteins and peptides. We hypothesized that specific changes in CSF peptides or low molecular weight proteins are significantly altered in ALS, and that these changes may support deciphering molecular pathophysiology and even guide approaches towards therapeutic interventions. Methods Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 50 ALS patients and 50 non-ALS controls was collected, centrifuged immediately after collection, aliquoted into polypropylene test tubes, frozen within 30–40 min after the puncture, and stored at −80°C until use. Peptides were sequenced using capillary electrophoresis or liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS). Findings In the CSF of 50 patients and 50 non-ALS controls 33 peptides were found, of which 14 could be sequenced using a non-lytic single-pot proteomic detection method, CE/MS. ALS deregulated peptides vs. controls included Integral membrane protein 2B, Neurosecretory protein VGF, Osteopontin, Neuroendocrine protein 7B2 (Secretogranin-V), EGF-containing fibulin-like extracellular matrix protein 1, Xylosyltransferase 1 XT-1, Chromogranin-A, Superoxide dismutase SOD-1, Secretogranin-1 (Chromogranin B), NR2F2 Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 2 and Collagen alpha-1(VII) chain. Interpretation Most striking deregulations in CSF from ALS patients were found in VGF, Osteopontin, SOD-1 and EFEMP1 peptides. No associations of disease severity, duration and region of onset with sequenced peptides were found.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed