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Søgeord (meningitis) valgt.
11 emner vises.
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Shui-Shan Lee, Ziad A. Memish
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Worldwide, meningococcal disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality [1]. In countries where there are epidemics, the rate of meningococcal disease can rise to 1,000 cases per 100,000 people. There are 12 serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis (N. meningitidis), only 6 of which — A, B, C, W, Y, and X — are accountable for the majority of invasive infections. The most prevalent form of invasive infection is meningitis and septicemia, which is associated with high case fatality rate (10%) and lifelong, disabling sequelae in 10‒20% of survivors [2,3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTarcísio de Freitas Milagres, Carla Maia
Trends in Parasitology, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
Phlebotomus perniciosus, recognized as the most important phlebotomine sand fly vector in countries of the Western Mediterranean region, is responsible for transmitting the protozoan Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic leishmaniasis. This species also serves as a vector for various phleboviruses, with the Toscana virus being the most clinically relevant, associated as one of the main causes of meningitis and encephalitis in this region. Detected in 22 countries, P. perniciosus has a broad distribution in countries located in the Western part of the Mediterranean basin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmir Ben-ShmuelItai GlinertAssa SittnerElad Bar-DavidJosef SchlomovitzHaim LevyShay Weiss1Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel, Helen Boucher
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Infection, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Abstract Background Meningococcal meningitis is still a severe disease causing high mortality and morbidity rates. Early diagnosis is crucial to ensure prompt antibiotic therapy. However, identification of the pathogen can be challenging. Case presentation A 32-year-old male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented to the emergency room with fever, nausea, vomiting, headache and lower back pain as well as multiple petechial bleedings. On suspicion of meningococcal infection, the emergency doctor had already administered one dose of ceftriaxone before arrival to the clinic. Blood works showed massive inflammation due to bacterial infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed normal cell count, protein and glucose levels but PCR was positive for Neisseria meningitis and IL-6 as well as IL-8 were elevated. On antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, the patient’s condition improved quickly. Conclusions We present a rare case of meningococcal infection of the CSF in a SLE patient without further CSF abnormalities. We discuss the involvement of early antibiotic treatment and the role of the patient’s immune status in the normal CSF findings of this case. Moreover, this case demonstrates the importance of early antibiotic therapy in bacterial meningitis for the clinical outcome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Abstract Group B Streptococcus (GBS; also known as Streptococcus agalactiae) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes sepsis, meningitis, pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections in neonates and healthy or immunocompromised adults. GBS is well-adapted to survive in humans due to a plethora of virulence mechanisms that afford responses to support bacterial survival in dynamic host environments. These mechanisms and responses include counteraction of cell death from exposure to excess metal ions that can cause mismetallation and cytotoxicity, and strategies to combat molecules such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are generated as part of innate host defence. Cytotoxicity from reactive molecules can stem from damage to proteins, DNA, and membrane lipids, potentially leading to bacterial cell death inside phagocytic cells or within extracellular spaces within the host. Deciphering the ways in which GBS responds to the stress of cytotoxic reactive molecules within the host will benefit the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies to manage the burden of GBS disease. This review summarises knowledge of GBS carriage in humans and the mechanisms used by the bacteria to circumvent killing by these important elements of host immune defence: oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, and stress from metal ion intoxication/mismetallation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Abstract Background Meningococcal meningitis is still a severe disease causing high mortality and morbidity rates. Early diagnosis is crucial to ensure prompt antibiotic therapy. However, identification of the pathogen can be challenging. Case presentation A 32-year-old male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented to the emergency room with fever, nausea, vomiting, headache and lower back pain as well as multiple petechial bleedings. On suspicion of meningococcal infection, the emergency doctor had already administered one dose of ceftriaxone before arrival to the clinic. Blood works showed massive inflammation due to bacterial infection. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed normal cell count, protein and glucose levels but PCR was positive for Neisseria meningitis and IL-6 as well as IL-8 were elevated. On antibiotic therapy with ceftriaxone, the patient’s condition improved quickly. Conclusions We present a rare case of meningococcal infection of the CSF in a SLE patient without further CSF abnormalities. We discuss the involvement of early antibiotic treatment and the role of the patient’s immune status in the normal CSF findings of this case. Moreover, this case demonstrates the importance of early antibiotic therapy in bacterial meningitis for the clinical outcome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 27.04.2024
Tilføjet 27.04.2024
Abstract Streptococcus suis is one of the most common zoonotic pathogens, in humans and can cause meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and sepsis. Human cases of Streptococcus suis infection have been reported worldwide, and most of those cases occurred in Asia. Hearing loss is the most common sequela of Streptococcus suis meningitis. Streptococcus suis infection complicated with acute cerebral infarction has rarely been reported. Therefore, to provide a reference for this disease, we reported a case of acute multiple brain infarctions associated with Streptococcus suis infection. In our report, a 69yearold male patient had Streptococcus suis meningitis and sepsis, which were associated with multiple acute cerebral infarctions in the pons and bilateral frontotemporal parietal occipital lobes. After treatment, the patient exhibited cognitive impairment, dyspraxia and irritability. There are limited case reports of cerebral infarction associated with Streptococcus suis infection, and further research is needed to determine the best treatment method.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Abstract Background In regions endemic for tuberculosis and brucellosis, distinguishing between tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and brucella meningitis (BM) poses a substantial challenge. This study investigates the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with TBM and BM. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with either TBM or BM who were admitted to two referral hospitals between March 2015 and October 2022, were included, and the characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Results Seventy patients formed the study group, 28 with TBM and 42 with BM, were included. TBM patients had a 2.06-fold (95% CI: 1.26 to 3.37, P-value: 0.003) higher risk of altered consciousness and a 4.80-fold (95% CI: 1.98 to 11.61, P-value:
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract Background Otitis is commonly associated with community-acquired bacterial meningitis but role of ear surgery as treatment is debated. In this study, we investigated the impact of otitis and ear surgery on outcome of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis.Methods We analyzed episodes of adults with community-acquired bacterial meningitis from a nationwide prospective cohort study in the Netherlands, between March 2006 to July 2021.Results A total of 2,548 episodes of community-acquired bacterial meningitis were evaluated. Otitis was present in 696 episodes (27%). In these patients the primary causative pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae (615 of 696 [88%]), followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (5%) and Haemophilus influenzae (4%). In 519 of 632 otitis episodes (82%) an ear-nose-throat specialist was consulted, and surgery was performed in 287 of 519 (55%). The types of surgery performed were myringotomy with ventilation tube insertion in 110 of 287 episodes (38%), mastoidectomy in 103 of 287 (36%) and myringotomy alone in 74 of 287 (26%). Unfavorable outcome occurred in 210 of 696 episodes (30%) and in 65 of 696 episodes was fatal (9%). Otitis was associated with a favorable outcome in a multivariable analysis (odds ratio 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.92; p =0.008). There was no association between outcome and ear surgery.Conclusions Otitis is a common focus of infection in community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults, with S. pneumoniae being the most common causative pathogen. Presence of otitis is associated with a favorable outcome. Ear surgery’s impact on the outcome of otogenic meningitis patients remains uncertain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStrong, Nora; Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Fusarium species are an increasingly important cause of meningitis and invasive disease in immunocompromised patients as well as in otherwise healthy patients as observed in two recent healthcare-associated outbreaks. This review summarizes recently published information on treatment and diagnosis of this infection. Recent findings Incidence of Fusarium species meningitis and invasive fusariosis are increasing. Molecular techniques are improving the speed of diagnosis. New antifungal agents in development show good in vitro activity against some Fusarium species. New technologies, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) filtration, may play a role in treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease. Due to the continued prime importance of the host immune system in recovery, immunomodulatory treatments may play a role in treatment. Summary The overall incidence of CNS fusariosis is increasing with a continued poor prognosis, but new diagnostic and treatment modalities are in development which may offer improvements.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMacKay, Conor I.; Kuthubutheen, Jafri; Campbell, Anita J.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review With cochlear implantation becoming increasingly performed worldwide, an understanding of the risk factors, preventive measures, and management of cochlear implant (CI) infection remains important given the significant morbidity and cost it conveys. Recent findings At the turn of the 21st century there was a decrease in rates of CI infection, particularly meningitis, following the discontinuation of positioner use for CI. However, in more recent years rates of CI infection have remained largely static. Recently, studies evaluating preventive measures such as pneumococcal vaccination, S. aureus decolonization and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis have emerged in the literature. Summary Prompt recognition of CI infection and appropriate investigation and management are key, however at present treatment is largely informed by cohort and case-control studies and expert opinion. Preventive measures including pneumococcal vaccination, S. aureus decolonization and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis play a role in reducing rates of CI infection. However, there remains a need for well designed clinical trials to provide higher level evidence to better guide preventive measures for, and management decisions of, CI infections in the future.
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