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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1281 emner vises.
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 27.03.2024
Tilføjet 27.03.2024
Around 25 000 people die from tuberculosis every week, despite the disease being curable. Progress in reducing tuberculosis morbidity and mortality is hindered by inadequate access to testing and treatment, with at least 40% of those infected remaining undiagnosed. Our 2022 Series, highlighted the huge scale of the problem, exacerbated by COVID-19, and outlined priorities for rapid restoration of tuberculosis services. In a 2023 Editorial, we discussed the need for substantial investment in vaccines and research to improve health-care services in LMICs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBryant Furlow
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 27.03.2024
Tilføjet 27.03.2024
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) plans to relax COVID-19 isolation guidelines, no longer recommending that Americans stay home for at least 5 days after testing positive, reported the Washington Post.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCornelius Osei-Owusu, Satveer Dhillon, Isaac Luginaah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 27.03.2024
Tilføjet 27.03.2024
by Cornelius Osei-Owusu, Satveer Dhillon, Isaac Luginaah Over the past few years, food insecurity has been increasing globally due to the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, economic downturns and conflict and a number of other intersecting factors. Older adults residing in low- and middle-income countries are more vulnerable to food insecurity. While the impacts of food insecurity on physical health outcomes have been thoroughly researched, the effect on mental health outcomes remains under-researched, especially among older adults. Hence, this systematic review aims to investigate existing literature to assess how food insecurity impacts the mental health of older persons residing in LMICs. A systematic search of six databases and Google for studies was conducted. The search was limited to studies written in English and published between 2000 to the present. We identified 725 studies, out of which 40 studies were selected for a full-text review and 12 studies were included for a final analysis. The significant finding in all the included studies was that food insecurity is associated with the worsening mental health of older adults. We also found a complex interplay of factors such as gender, age, rural/urban and health conditions associated with the aggravation of several mental health outcomes. The findings of this study illuminate the need for improved food programs to improve food security and, consequently, mental health among older adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
Abstract Background Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is highly prevalent but its acute and chronic implications have been minimally described.Methods In this controlled case-ascertained household transmission study, we recruited asymptomatic children
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohamed, S. F., Kisia, L., Mashiashi, I., Mair, F., Wisdom, J. P., Bunn, C., Gray, C., Kibe, P. M., Sanya, R. E., Karugu, C. H., Mtenga, S. M., Binyaruka, P., Asiki, G.
BMJ Open, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused disruptions in care that adversely affected the management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) globally. Countries have responded in various ways to support people with NCDs during the pandemic. This study aimed to identify policy gaps, if any, in the management of NCDs, particularly diabetes, during COVID-19 in Kenya and Tanzania to inform recommendations for priority actions for NCD management during any future similar crises. MethodsWe undertook a desk review of pre-existing and newly developed national frameworks, policy models and guidelines for addressing NCDs including type 2 diabetes. This was followed by 13 key informant interviews with stakeholders involved in NCD decision-making: six in Kenya and seven in Tanzania. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the documents. ResultsSeventeen guidance documents were identified (Kenya=10; Tanzania=7). These included pre-existing and/or updated policies/strategic plans, guidelines, a letter, a policy brief and a report. Neither country had comprehensive policies/guidelines to ensure continuity of NCD care before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, efforts were made to update pre-existing documents and several more were developed during the pandemic to guide NCD care. Some measures were put in place during the COVID-19 period to ensure continuity of care for patients with NCDs such as longer supply of medicines. Inadequate attention was given to monitoring and evaluation and implementation issues. ConclusionKenya and Tanzania developed and updated some policies/guidelines to include continuity of care in emergencies. However, there were gaps in the documents and between policy/guideline documents and practice. Health systems need to establish disaster preparedness plans that integrate attention to NCD care to enable them to better handle severe disruptions caused by emergencies such as pandemics. Such guidance needs to include contingency planning to enable adequate resources for NCD care and must also address evaluation of implementation effectiveness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAdsul, N., Tyagi, J., Bhaumik, S.
BMJ Open, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
IntroductionCOVID-19 exposed the fragility of health systems, where even the most basic health services in high-income and low-income and middle-income nations could not withstand the health systems shock due to the pandemic. Community health workers (CHWs) can contribute to improving the resilience of health systems, specifically to withstand shocks and emergencies and to avoid disruptions of routine service delivery. We aim to explore and understand the ‘individual’ and ‘systems-level’ resilience factors that shaped the involvement of CHWs in the COVID-19 response. Methods and analysisWe will search five electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL and SciELO (Spanish)) and conduct citation screening to identify studies on CHWs’ response during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two review authors will independently screen the studies for inclusion and to extract data. The software Rayyan will be used to assist in screening the relevant literature. A thematic analysis approach will be followed to analyse and synthesise the qualitative evidence. The quality of the included studies will be critically assessed using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme Tool. We will use the GRADE CERQual(Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations - Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) approach to assess certainty in the synthesised findings of the qualitative evidence. Ethics and disseminationThis study will be conducted on published evidence, with no living participants; thus, no ethical approval is required. The final review will be submitted and published in a peer-reviewed journal. We will also develop a policy brief to communicate the review findings to the stakeholders.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMcDonough, J. H., Rhodes, K., Procter, N.
BMJ Open, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
IntroductionMental health nurses work in potentially unpredictable, stressful and complex environments that can lead to burn-out and high staff turnover. Clinical supervision is a formal and professional agreement between two or more people that aims to strengthen individuals’ competencies and organisational strengths. Effective clinical supervision has been noted as a method of reducing workplace issues within mental health nursing, but there is not currently a synthesis of evidence in this area. The key objective of this scoping review is to identify, map and analyse the available evidence reporting on the impact of clinical supervision on workforce outcomes for mental health nurses. MethodsA scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension method will be conducted exploring clinical supervision for mental health nurses. A search for academic literature from Medline, CINAHL, Embase and PsycINFO will be combined with grey literature sourced through Google to identify potentially relevant studies. Studies identified by the search strategy will be managed using Covidence, and two authors will screen all identified articles. Reference lists of included studies will be handsearched to identify any potentially relevant studies missed by the search strategy. AnalysisA summary tool including predefined categories (such as author, date published, workforce outcome measured) will be used to summarise the included studies in this scoping review. Additionally, a narrative synthesis approach will be used to report the outcomes of included studies and provide further analysis. Ethics and disseminationThis scoping review protocol described research that will use secondary analysis of publicly available information, and therefore, does not require ethics approval. The findings of this research will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed academic journal and relevant conference presentations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGizachew Tadele Tiruneh, Nebreed Fesseha, Dessalew Emaway, Wuleta Betemariam, Tsinuel Girma Nigatu, Hema Magge, Lisa Ruth Hirschhorn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
by Gizachew Tadele Tiruneh, Nebreed Fesseha, Dessalew Emaway, Wuleta Betemariam, Tsinuel Girma Nigatu, Hema Magge, Lisa Ruth Hirschhorn Background In Ethiopia, neonatal mortality is persistently high. The country has been implementing community-based treatment of possible serious bacterial infection (PSBI) in young infants when referral to a hospital is not feasible since 2012. However, access to and quality of PSBI services remained low and were worsened by COVID-19. From November 2020 to June 2022, we conducted implementation research to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and improve PSBI management implementation uptake and delivery in two woredas in Ethiopia. Methods In April-May 2021, guided by implementation research frameworks, we conducted formative research to understand the PSBI management implementation challenges, including those due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a participatory process engaging stakeholders, we designed adaptive implementation strategies to bridge identified gaps using mechanism mapping to achieve implementation outcomes. Strategies included training and coaching, supportive supervision and mentorship, technical support units, improved supply of essential commodities, and community awareness creation about PSBI and COVID-19. We conducted cross-sectional household surveys in the two woredas before (April 2021) and after the implementation of strategies (June 2022) to measure changes in targeted outcomes. Results We interviewed 4,262 and 4,082 women who gave live birth 2–14 months before data collection and identified 374 and 264 PSBI cases in April 2021 and June 2022, respectively. The prevalence of PSBI significantly decreased (p-value = 0.018) from 8.7% in April 2021 to 6.4% while the mothers’ care-seeking behavior from medical care for their sick newborns increased significantly from 56% to 91% (p-value
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 25.03.2024
Tilføjet 25.03.2024
Abstract Background Pakistan witnessed five waves of COVID-19 infections during the pandemic. Punjab, the largest province of Pakistan, remained the epicentre due to a high infection rate. Administrative data for five waves of the pandemic was analyzed to determine the rate of infections and the significance of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions on the severity and duration of infection. Methodology COVID-19 data from March 2020 to May 2023 was obtained from the Provincial Public Health Reference Laboratory (PPHRL), Punjab AIDS Control Program, Lahore. The data included samples from index cases, contacts, and recovered patients. A total of 36,252,48 cases were screened for COVID-19, and 90,923 (2.50%) were detected positive by RT-PCR, accounting for 5.69% of the cases reported positive throughout the country. Results Among the positive cases, 50.86% (n = 46,244) cases were new cases (registered for the first time), 40.41% (n = 36751) were the contact cases traced from the newly identified cases and 8.62% (n = 7842) repeated cases. The positivity rates among index cases were reported to be 2.37%, 2.34%, 4.61%, 2.09%, and 1.19%, respectively, for the five respective COVID-19 pandemic waves. Distribution by gender indicated that 64% of males and 35% of females were infected during the pandemic. The age factor demonstrated the most susceptibility to infection in women aged 19-29 years, whereas most males between the ages of 29-39 had an infection. Susceptibility to COVID-19 infection was observed to be equally likely between males and females; however, clinical outcomes indicated that infections in males were more severe and often resulted in fatalities as compared to those in females. This trend was also reflected in the viral titer as measured by the Ct values, where 40% of males had Ct values < 25 (an indicator of high viral titers) compared to 30% of females with Ct values < 25. Conclusion Overall, our data indicated that infection rates remained stable throughout the pandemic except for 3rd wave, which showed a higher incidence of infection rate of 4%. Additionally, data showed a positive impact of masking, social distancing, and immunization, as indicated by the shorter window of high infection rates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 24.03.2024
Tilføjet 24.03.2024
Abstract Background This study explores regional variations in COVID-19 hospitalization rates, in-hospital mortality, and acute kidney injury (AKI) in England. We investigated the influence of population demographic characteristics, viral strain changes, and therapeutic advances on clinical outcomes. Methods Using hospital episode statistics, we conducted a retrospective cohort study with 749,844 admissions in 337,029 adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection (March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2021). Multivariable logistic regression identified factors predicting AKI and mortality in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Results London had the highest number of COVID-19 admissions (131,338, 18%), followed by the North-west region (122,683, 16%). The North-west had the highest population incidence of COVID-19 hospital admissions (21,167 per million population, pmp), while the South-west had the lowest (9,292 admissions pmp). Patients in London were relatively younger (67.0 ± 17.7 years) than those in the East of England (72.2 ± 16.8 years). The shortest length of stay was in the North-east (12.2 ± 14.9 days), while the longest was in the North-west (15.2 ± 17.9 days). All eight regions had higher odds of death compared to London, ranging from OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00, 1.07) in the South-west to OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.21, 1.28) in the North-west. Older age, Asian ethnicity, emergency admission, transfers from other hospitals, AKI presence, ITU admission, social deprivation, and comorbidity were associated with higher odds of death. AKI incidence was 30.3%, and all regions had lower odds of developing AKI compared to London. Increasing age, mixed and black ethnicity, emergency admission, transfers from other providers, ITU care, and different levels of comorbidity were associated with higher odds of developing AKI. Conclusions London exhibited higher hospital admission numbers and AKI incidence, but lower odds of death compared to other regions in England. Trial registration Registered on National Library of Medicine website (www.clinicaltrials.gov) with registration number NCT04579562 on 8/10/2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSamantha C. Roberts, Sarah E. Jolley, Laurel E. Beaty, Neil R. Aggarwal, Tellen D. Bennett, Nichole E. Carlson, Lindsey E. Fish, Bethany M. Kwan, Seth Russell, Adane F. Wogu, Matthew A. Wynia, Adit A. Ginde
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
Joël Coste, Cyrille Delpierre, Jean-Baptiste Richard, Caroline Alleaume, Anne Gallay, Sarah Tebeka, Cédric Lemogne, Olivier Robineau, Olivier Steichen, Tatjana T. Makovski
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
Long COVID is recognized since early 2020, but its definition is not unanimous, which complicates epidemiological assessments. This study estimated the prevalence of long COVID based on several definitions and severity thresholds in the adult population in mainland France and examined variations according to sociodemographic and infection characteristics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJ. Stanley, B. Sullivan, A.W. Dowsey, K. Jones, C.R. Beck
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
Between 2016-19, the proportion of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) with resistance to at least one antibiotic increased nationally. Public health interventions implemented in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic changed population contact patterns and healthcare systems, with consequent effects on epidemiological trends of numerous pathogens. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on epidemiological trends of E. coli BSI antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across South West England.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
Abstract Introduction To answer to patients’ medical wandering, often due to “unexplained symptoms” of “unexplained diseases” and to misinformation, multidisciplinary care centers for suspected Lyme borreliosis (LB), such as the 5 Tick-Borne Diseases (TBDs) Reference Centers (TBD-RC), were created a few years ago in France, the Netherlands and Denmark. Our study consisted of a comprehensive analysis of the satisfaction of the patients managed at a TBD-RC for suspected LB in the context of scientific and social controversy. Methods We included all adults who were admitted to one of the TBD-RC from 2017 to 2020. A telephone satisfaction survey was conducted 12 months after their first consultation. It consisted of 5 domains, including 2 free-text items: “What points did you enjoy?” and “What would you like us to change or to improve?”. In the current study, the 2 free-items were analyzed with a qualitative method called reflexive thematic analysis within a semantic and latent approach. Results The answer rate was 61.3% (349/569) and 97 distinctive codes from the 2-free-text items were identified and classified into five themes: (1) multidisciplinarity makes it possible to set up quality time dedicated to patients; (2) multidisciplinarity enables seamless carepaths despite the public hospital crisis compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic; (3) multidisciplinarity is defined as trust in the team’s competences; (4) an ambivalent opinion and uncertainty are barriers to acceptance of the diagnosis, reflecting the strong influence of the controversy around LB; and (5) a lack of adapted communication about TBDs, their management, and ongoing research is present. Conclusion The multidisciplinary management for suspected LB seemed an answer to medical wandering for the majority of patients and helped avoid misinformation, enabling better patient-centered shared information and satisfaction, despite the context of controversy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLeire Ambrosio, Jacqui Morris, Danielle Lambrick, James Faulkner, Eric Compton, Mari Carmen Portillo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
by Leire Ambrosio, Jacqui Morris, Danielle Lambrick, James Faulkner, Eric Compton, Mari Carmen Portillo
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristopher Farley, Dina Brooks, Anastasia N. L. Newman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
by Christopher Farley, Dina Brooks, Anastasia N. L. Newman Introduction Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is one possible strategy to ameliorate respiratory muscle weakness due to invasive mechanical ventilation. Recent systematic reviews have focused on respiratory outcomes with minimal attention to physical function. The newest systematic review searched the literature until September 2017 and a recent preliminary search identified 5 new randomized controlled trials focusing on IMT in critical care. As such, a new systematic review is warranted to summarize the current body of evidence and to investigate the effect of IMT on physical function in critical care. Materials and methods We will search for three main concepts (“critical illness”, “inspiratory muscle training”, “RCT”) across six databases from their inception (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Emcare, AMED, CINAHL, CENTRAL) and ClinicalTrials.gov. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility using the Covidence web-based software. Eligible studies must include: (1) adult (≥18 years) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) who required invasive mechanical ventilation for ≥24 hours, (2) an IMT intervention using a threshold device with the goal of improving inspiratory muscle strength, with or without usual care, and (3) randomized controlled trial design. The primary outcome of interest will be physical function. We will use the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools (ROB2) and will assess the quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) tool. This protocol has been reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA- P) guidelines and is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Conclusion Results will summarize the body of evidence of the effect of IMT on physical function in critically ill patients. We will submit our findings to a peer-reviewed journal and share our results at conferences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background The burden of Malaria in Zambia remains a challenge, with the entire population at risk of contracting this infectious disease. Despite concerted efforts by African countries, including Zambia, to implement malaria policies and strategies aimed at reducing case incidence, the region faces significant hurdles, especially with emerging pandemics such as COVID-19. The efforts to control malaria were impacted by the constraints imposed to curb its transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria cases in Zambia and the factors associated by comparing the COVID-19 period and the pre-COVID-19 era. Methods This was a cross-sectional panel study in which routinely collected programmatic data on malaria was used. The data were extracted from the Health Management Information System (HMIS) for the period January 2018 to January 2022. The period 2018 to 2022 was selected purely due to the availability of data and to avoid the problem of extrapolating too far away from the period of interest of the study. A summary of descriptive statistics was performed in which the number of cases were stratified by province, age group, and malaria cases. The association of these variables with the COVID-19 era was checked using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal‒Wallis test as applicable. In establishing the factors associated with the number of malaria cases, a mixed-effect multilevel model using the Poisson random intercept and random slope of the COVID-19 panel. The model was employed to deal with the possible correlation of the number of cases in the non-COVID-19 panel and the expected correlation of the number of cases in the COVID-19 panel. Results A total of 18,216 records were extracted from HMIS from January 2018 to January 2022. Stratifying this by the COVID-19 period/era, it was established that 8,852 malaria cases were recorded in the non-COVID-19 period, whereas 9,364 cases were recorded in the COVID-19 era. Most of the people with malaria were above the age of 15 years. Furthermore, the study found a significant increase in the relative incidence of the COVID-19 panel period compared to the non-COVID-19 panel period of 1.32, 95% CI (1.18, 1.48, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYu‐Min Kuo, Chun‐Min Kang, Zhi‐Yun Lai, Ting‐Yu Huang, Shiang‐Jong Tzeng, Chih‐Chieh Hsu, Shey‐Ying Chen, Song‐Chou Hsieh, Jean‐San Chia, Chiau‐Jing Jung, Po‐Ren Hsueh
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Hadeel T. Zedan, Maria K. Smatti, Duaa W. Al‐Sadeq, Hebah A. Al Khatib, Eleonora Nicolai, Massimo Pieri, Sergio Bernardini, Ali Ait Hssain, Sara Taleb, Hamda Qotba, Khodr Issa, Laith J. Abu Raddad, Asmaa A. Althani, Gheyath K. Nasrallah, Hadi M. Yassine
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background Immunosuppressed individuals, including solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs), are at high risk for severe COVID-19.Methods This open-label, phase 3b trial evaluated mRNA-1273 in 137 adult kidney and 77 liver SOTRs and 20 immunocompetent participants. In Part A, SOTRs received three 100-µg doses of mRNA-1273; immunocompetent participants received 2 doses. In Part B, an additional 100-µg dose was offered ≥4 months post-primary series. Here, we report interim trial results.Results mRNA-1273 was well-tolerated in SOTRs. Four serious adverse events were considered vaccine-related by the investigator in 3 SOTRs with pre-existing comorbidities. No vaccine-related biopsy-proven organ rejection events or deaths were reported. mRNA-1273 elicited modest neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses after dose 2 and improved responses after dose 3 in SOTRs. Post-dose 3 responses among liver SOTRs were comparable to post-dose 2 responses in immunocompetent participants. Post-additional dose responses were increased in SOTRs regardless of the primary series vaccination. In liver SOTRs, post-additional dose responses were ∼3-fold higher versus post-dose 2 but were lower than immunocompetent participant responses. Most kidney SOTRs received multiple immunosuppressants and had reduced antibody responses versus liver SOTRs.Conclusions mRNA-1273 (100 µg) was well-tolerated and dose 3 and the additional dose improved antibody responses among SOTRs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSylvia Mink, Heinz Drexel, Andreas Leiherer, Matthias Frick, Patrick Reimann, Christoph H. Saely, Peter Fraunberger
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background There is a significant increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reports in various countries. However, the trend of reinfection rate over time is not clear. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang for cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies up to March 16, 2023, to conduct a meta-analysis of global SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, country, study type, and study population, and time-varying reinfection rates of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using meta-regression. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Result A total of 55 studies involving 111,846 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection were included. The pooled SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate was 0.94% (95% CI: 0.65 -1.35%). In the subgroup analyses, there were statistically significant differences in the pooled reinfection rates by reinfection variant, and study type (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe Lancet
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
The past 5 years in Europe have been characterised by crisis. Long-standing Euroscepticism culminated in the UK\'s exit of the EU in 2020. Europe was unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, which pushed even the best health systems to their limits, resulting in the deaths of more than 1·1 million people in the European Union (EU). In 2022, peace in Europe ended abruptly with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The war has so far killed more than 10 000 Ukrainian civilians, destroyed cities, and sparked mass migration, as well as precipitated an energy crisis across Europe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHamideh Parhiz, Elena N Atochina-Vasserman, Drew Weissman
Lancet, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Recent advances in mRNA technology and its delivery have enabled mRNA-based therapeutics to enter a new era in medicine. The rapid, potent, and transient nature of mRNA-encoded proteins, without the need to enter the nucleus or the risk of genomic integration, makes them desirable tools for treatment of a range of diseases, from infectious diseases to cancer and monogenic disorders. The rapid pace and ease of mass-scale manufacturability of mRNA-based therapeutics supported the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYue Yat Harrison Cheung, Eric Ho Yin Lau, Guosheng Yin, Yun Lin, Jialiang Jiang, Benjamin John Cowling, Kwok Fai Lam
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
As of July 26th, 2023, the novel coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2), has caused more than 768 million confirmed infection cases of COVID-19, resulting in over 6.9 million associated fatalities globally [1]. Over the course of the long battle with the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccinations [2-3] and oral antivirals [4-5] have been developed to contain the spread of the disease and reduce the risk of developing severe conditions. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the “gold standard” [6] of identifying the causal effects of COVID-19 vaccinations and oral antivirals, they have the limitations of short observational periods [7], and sometimes, limited sample sizes [8].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGuilherme C. Fröhlich, Tatiana S. Gregianini, Felipe G. Pinheiro, Rodrigo Nascimento, Thiago M. Cezar, Veridiane M. Pscheidt, Tainá Selayaran, Letícia G. Martins, Marcelo Ferreira da Costa Gomes, Richard S. Salvato, Elisa C. Pereira, Victor Guimarães‐Ribeiro, Letícia de Paula Scalioni, Marilda M. Siqueira, Paola C. Resende, Ana B. G. Veiga, LACEN‐RS Team
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
Lindsay H. Dewa, Lily Roberts, Elizabeth Choong, Caroline Crandell, Ola Demkowicz, Emma Ashworth, Catia Branquinho, Steph Scott
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Lindsay H. Dewa, Lily Roberts, Elizabeth Choong, Caroline Crandell, Ola Demkowicz, Emma Ashworth, Catia Branquinho, Steph Scott Background The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on young people’s (YP) mental health has been mixed. Systematic reviews to date have focused predominantly on quantitative studies and lacked involvement from YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties. Therefore, our primary aim was to conduct a qualitative systematic review to examine the perceived impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on YP’s (aged 10–24) mental health and wellbeing across Europe. Methods and findings We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, MEDRXIV, OSF preprints, Google, and voluntary sector websites for studies published from 1st January 2020 to 15th November 2022. European studies were included if they reported qualitative data that could be extracted on YP’s (aged 10–24) own perspectives of their experiences of Covid-19 and related disruptions to their mental health and wellbeing. Screening, data extraction and appraisal was conducted independently in duplicate by researchers and YP with lived experience of mental health difficulties (co-researchers). Confidence was assessed using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (CERQual) approach. We co-produced an adapted narrative thematic synthesis with co-researchers. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021251578. We found 82 publications and included 77 unique studies in our narrative synthesis. Most studies were from the UK (n = 50; 65%); and generated data during the first Covid-19 wave (March-May 2020; n = 33; 43%). Across the 79,491 participants, views, and experiences of YP minoritised by ethnicity and sexual orientation, and from marginalised or vulnerable YP were limited. Five synthesised themes were identified: negative impact of pandemic information and restrictions on wellbeing; education and learning on wellbeing; social connection to prevent loneliness and disconnection; emotional, lifestyle and behavioural changes; and mental health support. YP’s mental health and wellbeing across Europe were reported to have fluctuated during the pandemic. Challenges were similar but coping strategies to manage the impact of these challenges on mental health varied across person, study, and country. Short-term impacts were related to the consequences of changing restrictions on social connection, day-to-day lifestyle, and education set-up. However, YP identified potential issues in these areas going forward, and therefore stressed the importance of ongoing long-term support in education, learning and mental health post-Covid-19. Conclusions Our findings map onto the complex picture seen from quantitative systematic reviews regarding the impact of Covid-19 on YP’s mental health. The comparatively little qualitative data found in our review means there is an urgent need for more high-quality qualitative research outside of the UK and/or about the experiences of minoritised groups to ensure all voices are heard and everyone is getting the support they need following the pandemic. YP’s voices need to be prioritised in decision-making processes on education, self-care strategies, and mental health and wellbeing, to drive impactful, meaningful policy changes in anticipation of a future systemic crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWright, G., Senthil, K., Zadeh-Kochek, A., Au, J. H.-s., Zhang, J., Huang, J., Saripalli, R., Khan, M., Ghauri, O., Kim, S., Mohammed, Z., Alves, C., Koduri, G.
BMJ Open, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Long-term outcome and ‘health-related quality of life’ (HRQoL) following hospitalisation for COVID-19-related severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) is limited. ObjectiveTo assess the impact of HRQoL in patients hospitalised with COVID-19-related SARI at 1 year post discharge, focusing on the potential impact of age, frailty, and disease severity. MethodRoutinely collected outcome data on 1207 patients admitted with confirmed COVID-19 related SARI across all three secondary care sites in our NHS trust over 3 months were assessed in this retrospective cohort study. Of those surviving 1 year, we prospectively collected 36-item short form (SF-36) HRQoL questionnaires, comparing three age groups (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBurton, E., Quinn, R., Crosbie-Staunton, K., Deasy, C., Masterson, S., O'Donnell, C., Merwick, A., Willis, D., Kearney, P. M., Mc Carthy, V. J. C., Buckley, C. M.
BMJ Open, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
ObjectivesTime is a fundamental component of acute stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) care, thus minimising prehospital delays is a crucial part of the stroke chain of survival. COVID-19 restrictions were introduced in Ireland in response to the pandemic, which resulted in major societal changes. However, current research on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on prehospital care for stroke/TIA is limited to early COVID-19 waves. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on ambulance time intervals and suspected stroke/TIA call volume for adults with suspected stroke and TIA in Ireland, from 2018 to 2021. DesignWe conducted a secondary data analysis with a quasi-experimental design. SettingWe used data from the National Ambulance Service in Ireland. We defined the COVID-19 period as ‘1 March 2020–31 December 2021’ and the pre-COVID-19 period ‘1 January 2018–29 February 2020’. Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe compared five ambulance time intervals: ‘allocation performance’, ‘mobilisation performance’, ‘response time’, ‘on scene time’ and ‘conveyance time’ between the two periods using descriptive and regression analyses. We also compared call volume for suspected stroke/TIA between the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods using interrupted time series analysis. ParticipantsWe included all suspected stroke/TIA cases ≥18 years who called the National Ambulance Service from 2018 to 2021. Results40 004 cases were included: 19 826 in the pre-COVID-19 period and 19 731 in the COVID-19 period. All ambulance time intervals increased during the pandemic period compared with pre-COVID-19 (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDel Fiol, G., Orleans, B., Kuzmenko, T. V., Chipman, J., Greene, T., Martinez, A., Wirth, J., Meads, R., Kaphingst, K. K., Gibson, B., Kawamoto, K., King, A. J., Siaperas, T., Hughes, S., Pruhs, A., Pariera Dinkins, C., Lam, C. Y., Pierce, J. H., Benson, R., Borsato, E. P., Cornia, R., Stevens, L., Bradshaw, R. L., Schlechter, C. R., Wetter, D. W.
BMJ Open, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
IntroductionSCALE-UP II aims to investigate the effectiveness of population health management interventions using text messaging (TM), chatbots and patient navigation (PN) in increasing the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing among patients in historically marginalised communities, specifically, those receiving care at community health centres (CHCs). Methods and analysisThe trial is a multisite, randomised pragmatic clinical trial. Eligible patients are >18 years old with a primary care visit in the last 3 years at one of the participating CHCs. Demographic data will be obtained from CHC electronic health records. Patients will be randomised to one of two factorial designs based on smartphone ownership. Patients who self-report replying to a text message that they have a smartphone will be randomised in a 2x2x2 factorial fashion to receive (1) chatbot or TM; (2) PN (yes or no); and (3) repeated offers to interact with the interventions every 10 or 30 days. Participants who do not self-report as having a smartphone will be randomised in a 2x2 factorial fashion to receive (1) TM with or without PN; and (2) repeated offers every 10 or 30 days. The interventions will be sent in English or Spanish, with an option to request at-home COVID-19 test kits. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants using at-home COVID-19 tests during a 90-day follow-up. The study will evaluate the main effects and interactions among interventions, implementation outcomes and predictors and moderators of study outcomes. Statistical analyses will include logistic regression, stratified subgroup analyses and adjustment for stratification factors. Ethics and disseminationThe protocol was approved by the University of Utah Institutional Review Board. On completion, study data will be made available in compliance with National Institutes of Health data sharing policies. Results will be disseminated through study partners and peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05533918 and NCT05533359.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarlo Brogna, Luigi Montano, Maria Elisabetta Zanolin, Domenico Rocco Bisaccia, Gianluca Ciammetti, Valentina Viduto, Mark Fabrowski, Abdul M. Baig, Joachim Gerlach, Iapicca Gennaro, Elio Bignardi, Barbara Brogna, Aquilino Frongillo, Simone Cristoni, Marina Piscopo
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Stehlik, P., Dowsett, C., Camacho, X., Falster, M. O., Lim, R., Nasreen, S., Pratt, N. L., Pearson, S.-A., Henry, D.
BMJ Open, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
BackgroundEarly evidence on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy came from randomised trials. Many important questions subsequently about vaccine effectiveness (VE) have been addressed using real-world studies (RWS) and have informed most vaccination policies globally. As the questions about VE have evolved during the pandemic so have data, study design, and analytical choices. This scoping review aims to characterise this evolution and provide insights for future pandemic planning—specifically, what kinds of questions are asked at different stages of a pandemic, and what data infrastructure and methods are used? Methods and analysisWe will identify relevant studies in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health VIEW-hub database, which curates both published and preprint VE RWS identified from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, the WHO COVID Database, MMWR, Eurosurveillance, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SSRN, Europe PMC, Research Square, Knowledge Hub, and Google. We will include RWS of COVID-19 VE that reported COVID-19-specific or all-cause mortality (coded as ‘death’ in the ‘effectiveness studies’ data set). Information on study characteristics; study context; data sources; design and analytic methods that address confounding will be extracted by single reviewer and checked for accuracy and discussed in a small group setting by methodological and analytic experts. A timeline mapping approach will be used to capture the evolution of this body of literature. By describing the evolution of RWS of VE through the COVID-19 pandemic, we will help identify options for VE studies and inform policy makers on the minimal data and analytic infrastructure needed to support rapid RWS of VE in future pandemics and of healthcare strategies more broadly. Ethics and disseminationAs data is in the public domain, ethical approval is not required. Findings of this study will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and working-papers to policy makers. Registrationhttps://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/ZHDKR
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAvika Dixit, Richard Bennett, Kashif Ali, Carl Griffin, Robert A Clifford, Mark Turner, Rosanne Poston, Kelly Hautzinger, Anne Yeakey, Bethany Girard, Wen Zhou, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, Barbara J Kuter, Karen Slobod, Jacqueline M Miller, Frances Priddy, Rituparna Das, ROVER Study Investigators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
mRNA-1273.214 was immunogenic against BA.1 and D614G in children aged 6 months to 5 years, with a comparable safety profile to mRNA-1273, when given as a two-dose primary series or a booster dose. These results are aligned with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for the use of variant-containing vaccines for continued protection against the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWojciech Trzebiński, Jerzy Trzebiński
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
by Wojciech Trzebiński, Jerzy Trzebiński Vaccine \'unnaturalness\' (artificiality) is one of the major anti-vaccine arguments raised in public debate. Therefore, health communication should rebut unnaturalness arguments and be cautious when emphasizing human intervention (e.g., advanced vaccine technology), which may entail perceiving vaccines as artificial. Understanding how the relationship between perceived vaccine artificiality and vaccination intent differs across social groups can help enforce the above health communication efforts by focusing them on specific audiences. The objective of the current paper is to assess the moderating role of a particular socio-cultural factor—vertical collectivism (reflecting the orientation on social hierarchy)—in the relationship between perceived vaccine artificiality and vaccination intent. It is proposed that vertical collectivism diminishes the negative effect of perceived vaccine artificiality. Two studies with European young adults measured COVID-19 vaccination intent and vertical collectivism. Study 1 (N = 418) was correlational, measuring perceived vaccine artificiality. The data were analyzed with a moderation model. Study 2 (N = 203) was experimental, manipulating perceived vaccine artificiality by human-intervention appeal (i.e., emphasizing human intervention in vaccine development and operation). The data were analyzed with moderation and moderated mediation models. Study 1 demonstrated that the effect of perceived vaccine artificiality on vaccination intent was less negative when the level of vertical collectivism was higher. In Study 2, with higher levels of vertical collectivism, the effect of human-intervention appeal on vaccination intent was less negative, and the indirect effect through perceived vaccine artificiality turned even positive. Those results contribute to the fields of perceived naturalness/artificiality, vaccination behavior, health communication, and cultural dimensions theory, providing empirical evidence that the negative effect of perceived vaccine artificiality on vaccination intent is diminished by vertical collectivism, as proposed. Health practitioners are guided on how to consider different levels of collectivism of their audiences while referring to vaccine artificiality in their communication. Specifically, it is suggested that rebutting \'unnaturalness\' anti-vaccine arguments should be focused on people low in vertical collectivism, and messages featuring human intervention (e.g., a vaccine’s technological advancement) should be targeted at people high in vertical collectivism.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSerajeddin Mahmoudiani
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
by Serajeddin Mahmoudiani Contraception represents a deliberate choice made by individuals, both men and women, to regulate their desired number of children. The primary objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of contraceptive use, while also exploring the shifts in contraception methods following the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a quantitative approach with a survey technique. The survey was conducted in Kermanshah, one of Iran’s metropolises located in the western part of the country. The sampling methodology employed in this study involved a combination of multi-stage classification and systematic random methods. The survey took place between July and August 2022. The target population for the survey included women between the ages of 15 and 49. A total of 600 women from this population were selected and included in the survey sample. The sample was described using frequency tables, as well as central and dispersion indices (mean and standard deviation). Additionally, multivariate analysis was conducted through the application of logistic regression. Findings pointed out that approximately 65% of the women in the sample utilized contraception methods. Among these methods, the condom and oral pill were found to be the most prevalent choices. Moreover, the findings indicated that an increase in the number of both living and ideal children was associated with a decreased likelihood of contraceptive use. Following the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an observed increase in the utilization of traditional and natural methods of contraception. This shift highlights the importance of considering a broader range of contraceptive options and not solely focusing on restricting contraception services. In the midst of the coronavirus outbreak, women turned to traditional contraceptives, which may increase the risk of unintended pregnancies and subsequent miscarriages. Therefore, providing in-person services to women at their place of residence is necessary during epidemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexis Koskan, Linda Larkey, Michael Todd, Sunny Wonsun Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
by Alexis Koskan, Linda Larkey, Michael Todd, Sunny Wonsun Kim COVID-19 vaccines, currently available to children over six months old, are a powerful method of reducing the risk of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and death. However, vaccination rates among Hispanic children remain suboptimal, primarily due to parental vaccine hesitancy. Health communication researchers have suggested using culturally aligned storytelling to reduce vaccine hesitancy; however, few studies have evaluated this approach for Hispanic parents of unvaccinated children. Working with community health workers, we will engage Hispanic parents who were previously hesitant to vaccinate their child(ren) against COVID-19 but currently support vaccination. We will ask them to share their stories of conversion in COVID-19 vaccine perspectives to help other parents overcome their mistrust of COVID-19 vaccines. We will then assess the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based pilot digital storytelling intervention based on these conversion stories vs. an information-only control among 80 parents and/or legal guardians of children who are not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccines. We will also examine pre- to post-intervention changes in vaccine perceptions, hesitancy, intentions, and uptake of children’s COVID-19 vaccination at two months post-intervention. If our pilot study demonstrates feasibility and acceptability while reducing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and increasing vaccine uptake, we will conduct a full-scale randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of the DST intervention to reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavide Morisi, Héloïse Cloléry, Guillaume Kon Kam King, Max Schaub
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
by Davide Morisi, Héloïse Cloléry, Guillaume Kon Kam King, Max Schaub How do voters react to an ongoing natural threat? Do voters sanction or reward incumbents even when incumbents cannot be held accountable because an unforeseeable natural disaster is unfolding? We address this question by investigating voters’ reactions to the early spread of COVID-19 in the 2020 French municipal elections. Using a novel, fine-grained measure of the circulation of the virus based on excess-mortality data, we find that support for incumbents increased in areas that were particularly hard hit by the virus. Incumbents from both left and right gained votes in areas more strongly affected by COVID-19. We provide suggestive evidence for two mechanisms that can explain our findings: an emotional channel related to feelings of fear and anxiety, and a prospective-voting channel, related to the ability of incumbents to act more swiftly against the diffusion of the virus than challengers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
After the initial randomized clinical trials and emergency use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccines by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the FDA undertook extensive postmarketing vaccine safety surveillance activities in the US, with close monitoring by an independent safety committee. Analysis of surveillance data identified several important adverse events associated with receipt of the COVID-19 vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
This self-controlled case series evaluates stroke risk after administration of either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent plus a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine on the same day, and a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine in Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
The number of registered nurses (RNs) dipped in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic, when more than 25% of nurses said they planned to stop practicing by 2027 because of a combination of burnout from understaffing and lack of control over scheduling, among other factors.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
Abstract Background Over one-third of people living with HIV (PLH) in Ukraine are not on treatment. Index testing services, which link potentially exposed partners (named partners) of known PLH (index patients) with testing and treatment services, are being scaled in Ukraine and could potentially close this gap. Methods This retrospective study included patient data from 14,554 adult PLH who initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) between October 2018 and May 2021 at one of 35 facilities participating in an intervention to strengthen index testing services. Mixed effects modified Poisson models were used to assess differences between named partners and other ART initiators, and an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis was used to assess changes in ART initiation over time. Results Compared to other ART initiators, named partners were significantly less likely to have a confirmed TB diagnosis (aRR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.77, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAsma'a Adjerid
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
The COVID-19 pandemic has, arguably, always been political. Across the world, the response to the pandemic has reflected government capabilities and inadequacies, and brought to light the difference in the pandemic experience between wealthier and poorer populations. But in her book COVID-19 in Palestine: the settler colonial context, Nadia Naser-Najjab considers the difference being exposed that between colonised and coloniser; namely, that between Palestinians and Israelis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoiTing Leung, Madeline Lim, Wee Onn Lim, Sara-Ann Lee, Jimmy Lee
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by HoiTing Leung, Madeline Lim, Wee Onn Lim, Sara-Ann Lee, Jimmy Lee Introduction This study examined the psychological wellbeing of Healthcare Workers (HCWs) during COVID-19 in a mental health setting, associations of psychosocial wellbeing with coping style, and ways that organisations can mitigate the psychosocial burden on HCWs. Methods Thirty-seven Mental HCWs (MHCWs) from infected and non-infected wards (control group), were recruited and assessed at three timepoints. Psychological wellbeing, perceived cohesion, and coping style (Brief-COPE) were assessed. Reports on individual coping and feedback on the organisation were collected through in-depth interview. Comparison between infected and non-infected wards, as well as comparison of psychosocial measures and perceived cohesion, across the three timepoints were made. As there were no significant changes in coping styles across the timepoints, Timepoint 1 (T1) coping style was used to correlate with the psychosocial measures across all timepoints. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Results MHCWs from infected wards reported significantly higher levels of stress, χ2(1) = 6.74, p = 0.009, effect size: medium (ε2 = 0.198), and more severe sleep disturbance (PSQI), χ2(1) = 6.20, p = 0.013, effect size: medium (ε2 = 0.182), as compared to the control group at T2. They also engaged in more problem-focused coping (T2 and T3) and emotion-focused coping (T2). As expected, negative coping style was correlated with negative outcomes except problem-focused coping that was correlated with both negative (sleep disturbance and anxiety symptoms) and positive outcomes (wellbeing). Emotion-focused coping was moderately correlated (Tb = 0.348, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCheyenne C. E. van Hagen, Anne J. Huiberts, Elizabeth N. Mutubuki, Hester E. de Melker, Eric R. A. Vos, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Susan van den Hof, Mirjam J. Knol, Albert Jan van Hoek
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Cheyenne C. E. van Hagen, Anne J. Huiberts, Elizabeth N. Mutubuki, Hester E. de Melker, Eric R. A. Vos, Janneke H. H. M. van de Wijgert, Susan van den Hof, Mirjam J. Knol, Albert Jan van Hoek Objectives We describe health-related quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic in the general Dutch population and correlations with restrictive measures. Methods Data were obtained from 18–85 year-old participants of two population-based cohort studies (February 2021-July 2022): PIENTER Corona (n = 8,019) and VASCO (n = 45,413). Per cohort, mean scores of mental and physical health and health utility from the SF-12 were calculated by age group, sex and presence of a medical risk condition. Spearman correlations with stringency of measures were calculated. Results Both cohorts showed comparable results. Participants
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHsiao-Hui Tsou, Fang-Jing Lee, Shiow-Ing Wu, Byron Fan, Hsiao-Yu Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ya-Ting Hsu, Chieh Cheng, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Wei-Ming Jiang, Hung-Yi Chiou, Wei J. Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Pau-Chung Chen, Huey-Kang Sytwu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Hsiao-Hui Tsou, Fang-Jing Lee, Shiow-Ing Wu, Byron Fan, Hsiao-Yu Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ya-Ting Hsu, Chieh Cheng, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Wei-Ming Jiang, Hung-Yi Chiou, Wei J. Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Pau-Chung Chen, Huey-Kang Sytwu Background Taiwan was a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outlier, with an extraordinarily long transmission-free record: 253 days without locally transmitted infections while the rest of the world battled wave after wave of infection. The appearance of the alpha variant in May 2021, closely followed by the delta variant, disrupted this transmission-free streak. However, despite low vaccination coverage (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaja Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Verica Jovanovic, Marko Veljkovic, Dragan Babic, Aleksandra Knezevic, Vladan Saponjic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Miljan Rancic, Marija Milic, Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Maja Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Verica Jovanovic, Marko Veljkovic, Dragan Babic, Aleksandra Knezevic, Vladan Saponjic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Miljan Rancic, Marija Milic, Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) are estimated to be the cause of death in about 19% of all children younger than 5 years globally. The outbreak of coronaviral disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, increased considerably the burden of SARI worldwide. We used data from a vaccine effectiveness study to identify the factors associated with SARS CoV-2 infection among hospitalized SARI patients. We recruited SARI patients at 3 hospitals in Serbia from 7 April 2022–1 May 2023. We collected demographic and clinical data from patients using a structured questionnaire, and all SARI patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. We conducted an unmatched test negative case-control study. SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI patients were considered cases, while SARS CoV-2 negative SARI patients were controls. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis in order to identify variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included 110 SARI patients: 74 were cases and 36 controls. We identified 5 factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07), having received primary COVID-19 vaccine series (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.09–0.88), current smoking (OR = 8.64; 95% CI = 2.43–30.72), previous SARS CoV-2 infection (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.50–8.11) and number of days before seeking medical help (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.64–1.02). In Serbia during a period of Omicron circulation, we found that older age, unvaccinated, hospitalized SARI patients, previously infected with SARS CoV-2 virus and those who smoked, were more likely to be SARS-CoV-2-positive; these patient populations should be prioritized for COVID vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.03.2024
Tilføjet 17.03.2024
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is frequntly accompanied by venous thromboembolism (VTE), and its mechanism may be related to the abnormal inflammation and immune status of COVID-19 patients. It has been proved that interleukin-6 (IL-6), ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) may play an important role in the occurrence of VTE in COVID-19 infection. But whether they can server as predictors for VTE in COVID-19 is still unclear. In this study, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare IL-6, ferritin and LDH in VTE and non-VTE COVID-19 patients in order to shed light on the prevention and treatment of VTE. Methods Related literatures were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANGFANG. COVID-19 patients were divided into VTE group and non-VTE group. Meta-analysis was then conducted to compare levels of IL-6, ferritin and LDH between the two groups. Results We finally included and analyzed 17 literatures from January 2019 to October 2022. There was a total of 7,035 COVID-19 patients, with a weighted mean age of 60.01 years. Males accounted for 62.64% and 61.34% patients were in intensive care unit (ICU). Weighted mean difference (WMD) of IL-6, ferritin and LDH was 31.15 (95% CI: 9.82, 52.49), 257.02 (95% CI: 51.70, 462.33) and 41.79 (95% CI: -19.38, 102.96), respectively. The above results indicated that than compared with non-VTE group, VTE group had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and ferritin but similar LDH. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis pointed out that elevated levels of IL-6 and ferritin were significantly possitive associated with VTE, thus could be used as biological predictive indicators of VTE among COVID-19 patients. However, no association was found between level of LDH and VTE. Therefore, close monitoring of changes in IL-6 and ferritin concentrations is of great value in assisting clinicans to rapidly identify thrombotic complications among COVID-19 patients, hence facilitating the timely effective managment. Further studies are required in terms of the clinical role of cytokines in the occurrence of VTE among COVID-19 infection, with more reliable systematic controls and interventional trials.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.03.2024
Tilføjet 17.03.2024
Abstract Objective Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 is a rare and serious medical condition. This study aims to review the clinical presentation, laboratory parameters, outcomes, and management of MIS-C cases in a pediatric hospital in Syria. Methods This retrospective observational study aimed to investigate MIS-C between May 2020 and October 2021. Data collection involved extracting information from medical records, and patients were identified based on the case definition established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Various laboratory investigations, diagnostic evaluations, clinical presentations, and treatments were performed to assess patients. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 232 COVID-19 cases were reported with COVID-19 Infection. Among these cases, 25 (10.77%) were identified as MIS-C. The median age of the patients was 5.5 years, with the majority being male patients (72%). Patients experienced fever (100%), bilateral conjunctivitis (88%), rash (84%), gastrointestinal symptoms (76%), and cardiac dysfunction (72%). Other notable findings included oral cavity changes (64%), edema (36%), cervical lymphadenopathy (36%), and neurological manifestations (28%). Respiratory symptoms were uncommon (16%). All patients recovered, with no recorded deaths. Conclusion The predominant presence of positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the majority of patients in this study supports the post-infectious nature of MIS-C. Respiratory symptoms were less prevalent in both pediatric COVID-19 and MIS-C patients. Early supportive care is crucial in management, although additional research is needed to establish definitive guidelines. Larger studies are necessary to overcome the limitations of this study and to enhance our understanding of MIS-C in pediatric COVID-19 patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.03.2024
Tilføjet 16.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Sonu Lamba, Tanuja Das, Prashant K. Srivastava
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.03.2024
Tilføjet 16.03.2024
Abstract Background The role of serologic testing for SARS-CoV-2 has evolved during the pandemic as seroprevalence in global populations has increased. The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) convened an expert panel to perform a systematic review of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) serology literature and construct updated best practice guidance related to SARS-CoV-2 serologic testing. This guideline is an update to the fourth in a series of rapid, frequently updated COVID-19 guidelines developed by IDSA.Objective To develop evidence-based recommendations and identify unmet research needs pertaining to the use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests for diagnosis, decisions related to vaccination and administration of monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma in immunocompromised patients, and identification of a serologic correlate of immunity.Methods A multidisciplinary panel of infectious diseases clinicians, clinical microbiologists and experts in systematic literature reviewed, identified, and prioritized clinical questions related to the use of SARS-CoV-2 serologic tests. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make testing recommendations.Results The panel recommends against serologic testing to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first two weeks after symptom onset (strong recommendations, low certainty of evidence). Serologic testing should not be used to provide evidence of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients with a high clinical suspicion and repeatedly negative nucleic acid amplification test results (strong recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). Serologic testing may assist with the diagnosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (strong recommendation, very low certainty of evidence). To seek evidence for prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, the panel suggests testing for IgG, IgG/IgM, or total antibodies to nucleocapsid protein three to five weeks after symptom onset (conditional recommendation, low certainty of evidence). In individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, we suggest against routine serologic testing given no demonstrated benefit to improving patient outcomes (conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence.) The panel acknowledges further that a negative spike antibody test may be a useful metric to identify immunocompromised patients who are candidates for immune therapy.Conclusions The high seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 worldwide limits the utility of detecting anti-SARS CoV-2 antibody. The certainty of available evidence supporting the use of serology for diagnosis was graded as very low to low. Future studies should use serologic assays calibrated to a common reference standard.
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