47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
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651
Mucosal antibody response and SARS‐CoV‐2 shedding in patients with COVID‐19 related olfactory dysfunction
Shilpee Sharma, Anaïs Thiriard, Véronique Olislagers, Jerome R. Lechien, Marie‐Hélène Jurion, Marie‐Luce Delforge, Arnaud Marchant, Sven Saussez
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
652
One dose versus two doses of COVID‐19 vaccine for the prevention of breakthrough infections among people previously infected with SARS‐Cov‐2
Fangjian Guo, Victor Adekanmbi, Christine D. Hsu, Efstathia Polychronopoulou, Abbey B. Berenson
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
653
SuPAR, biomarkers of inflammation, and severe outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID‐19: The International Study of Inflammation in COVID‐19
Alexi Vasbinder, Kishan Padalia, Ian Pizzo, Kristen Machado, Tonimarie Catalan, Feriel Presswalla, Elizabeth Anderson, Anis Ismail, Christina Hutten, Yiyuan Huang, Pennelope Blakely, Tariq U. Azam, Hanna Berlin, Rafey Feroze, Christopher Launius, Chelsea Meloche, Erinleigh Michaud, Patrick O'Hayer, Michael Pan, Husam R. Shadid, Line Jee Hartmann Rasmussen, Donald A. Roberts, Lili Zhao, Mousumi Banerjee, Venkatesh Murthy, Sven H. Loosen, Athanasios Chalkias, Frank Tacke, Jochen Reiser, Evangelos J. Giamarellos‐Bourboulis, Jesper Eugen‐Olsen, Rodica Pop‐Busui, Salim S. Hayek, ISIC investigators
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
654
Unusual TSCM‐like cells with poly‐chemokine‐receptor expression in a B‐cell‐depleted survivor of severe COVID‐19
Addi Josua Romero‐Olmedo, Axel Ronald Schulz, Dennis Das Gupta, Daniel Staudenraus, Heike Hirseland, Bärbel Camara, Sebastian Ferrara, Hendrik Schulze‐Koops, Mathias Rummel, Henrik E. Mei, Michael Lohoff, Christian Keller
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
655
Pregnancy outcomes after frozen‐thawed embryo transfer in women with COVID‐19 history: A prospective cohort study
Jialyu Huang, Yuxin Liu, Jiawei Wang, Dingfei Xu, Zhihui Huang, Mengxi Li, Lingling Huang, Lu Fan, Peipei Liu, Qiqi Xie, Zengming Li, Qiongfang Wu, Jiaying Lin, Leizhen Xia, Lifeng Tian
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
656
The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome after COVID‐19 infection
Wen‐Chun Lin, Meng‐Che Wu, Yu‐Hsun Wang, Che‐Hsuan Lin, James Cheng‐Chung Wei
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
657
Multisite spontaneous hematomas and bleeding in critically ill Chinese patients with COVID-19: two case reports and a literature review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Abstract Background Anticoagulation is recommended as a standardized therapy for COVID-19 patients according to the WHO guidelines. However, bleeding events have also been reported. Hemorrhage or hematoma was observed in sites including the retroperitoneum, brain, alimentary tract, muscles, and soft tissues. Reduction or suspension of anticoagulants is a common intervention. Transfusion, endoscopic hemostasis, and vascular interventional therapy have been used to improve the condition. Case presentation In this article, we present two cases of concurrent multisite hematomas and bleeding at other sites in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both patients were treated with heparins and experienced bleeding after the anticoagulation therapy. Both patients were older with more than two comorbidities, and critical COVID-19. Laboratory tests revealed a considerable decrease in hemoglobin levels and alterations in the coagulation system. In the first patient, the main intervention was embolization using angiography. However, we only adjusted the anticoagulation strategy in the second case. The first patient recovered and was discharged; however, the second died of other causes. This study provides a retrospective review of typical hemorrhagic cases during anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients over the course of four years. A relatively comprehensive search was performed in Pubmed by constructing MeSH subject terms on limiting the search period and specific contents. It summarizes and synthesizes the research related to heparins and other novel anticoagulants in the context of COVID-19 from the onset of the pandemic to the present disseminated phase. This study aimed to offer valuable insights and reference points for developing anticoagulation treatment strategies for patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Anticoagulation is a crucial treatment option for patients with COVID-19. The difference in anticoagulant effects is related to the severity of COVID-19. Nafamostat can reduce thrombosis in the extracorporeal circuits in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The efficacy and safety of novel anticoagulants require further clinical data. Routine bedside assessments and real-time laboratory monitoring are essential for early identification of bleeding events during anticoagulant therapy and administering intervention.
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658
Persistent complement dysregulation with signs of thromboinflammation in active Long Covid
Carlo Cervia-Hasler, Sarah C. Brüningk, Tobias Hoch, Bowen Fan, Giulia Muzio, Ryan C. Thompson, Laura Ceglarek, Roman Meledin, Patrick Westermann, Marc Emmenegger, Patrick Taeschler, Yves Zurbuchen, Michele Pons, Dominik Menges, Tala Ballouz, Sara Cervia-Hasler, Sarah Adamo, Miriam Merad, Alexander W. Charney, Milo Puhan, Petter Brodin, Jakob Nilsson, Adriano Aguzzi, Miro E. Raeber, Christoph B. Messner, Noam D. Beckmann, Karsten Borgwardt, Onur Boyman
Science, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
659
Immune damage in Long Covid
Wolfram Ruf
Science, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
660
[World Report] Challenges ahead for the new head of Gavi
John Zarocostas
Lancet, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Sania Nishtar has been appointed to lead the vaccine organisation as it decides how to spend billions of dollars left over from the COVID-19 response. John Zarocostas reports.
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661
Oral Simnotrelvir for Adult Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19
Bin Cao, Yeming Wang, Hongzhou Lu, Chaolin Huang, Yumei Yang, Lianhan Shang, Zhu Chen, Rongmeng Jiang, Yihe Liu, Ling Lin, Ping Peng, Fuxiang Wang, Fengyun Gong, Honglin Hu, Cong Cheng, Xiangyang Yao, Xianwei Ye, Hourong Zhou, Yinzhong Shen, Chenfan Liu, Chunying Wang, Zhennan Yi, Bijie Hu, Jiuyang Xu, Xiaoying Gu, Jingshan Shen, Yechun Xu, Leike Zhang, Jia Fan, Renhong Tang, Chen Wang
New England Journal of Medicine, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
662
Impaired humoral immunity following COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers
BMC Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
Abstract Background Whether human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers can develop sufficient humoral immunity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is unknown. Methods To investigate humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in HTLV-1 carriers, a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study was conducted at five institutions in southwestern Japan, an endemic area for HTLV-1. HTLV-1 carriers and HTLV-1-negative controls were enrolled for this study from January to December 2022. During this period, the third dose of the COVID-19 vaccine was actively administered. HTLV-1 carriers were enrolled during outpatient visits, while HTLV-1-negative controls included health care workers and patients treated by participating institutions for diabetes, hypertension, or dyslipidemia. The main outcome was the effect of HTLV-1 infection on the plasma anti-COVID-19 spike IgG (IgG-S) titers after the third dose, assessed by multivariate linear regression with other clinical factors. Results We analyzed 181 cases (90 HTLV-1 carriers, 91 HTLV-1-negative controls) after receiving the third dose. HTLV-1 carriers were older (median age 67.0 vs. 45.0 years, p
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663
D-dimer levels to exclude pulmonary embolism and reduce the need for CT angiography in COVID-19 in an outpatient population
Anita Kovács, Dóra Hantosi, Nikoletta Szabó, Annamária Letoha, Csaba Lengyel, Imre Földesi, Katalin Burián, András Palkó, Dániel Veréb, Zsigmond Tamás Kincses
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.01.2024
Tilføjet 18.01.2024
by Anita Kovács, Dóra Hantosi, Nikoletta Szabó, Annamária Letoha, Csaba Lengyel, Imre Földesi, Katalin Burián, András Palkó, Dániel Veréb, Zsigmond Tamás Kincses Objectives Emerging results indicate that, in COVID-19, thromboembolic complications contribute to the high mortality and morbidity. Previous research showed that the prevalence of pulmonary embolism (PE) is between 25–50% in COVID-19 patients, however, most of these reports are based on data from patients with severe pneumonia, treated in intensive care units. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, single-center, observational study to estimate the prevalence of PE in COVID-19 patients who underwent CT angiography and to identify the most important predictors.Adult outpatients with COVID-19, who presented at our COVID Outpatient Clinic between 1st and 31st of March in 2021 and underwent CTA examination were included in this study. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of PE in COVID-19 patients. The predictors were: age, gender, disease duration, CT severity index and log-transformed quantitative D-dimer (logQDDIM) value. Results 843 COVID-19 patients were included into the study. 82.56% (693 patients) of the infected patients had a pulmonary CTA examination and D-dimer levels (mean age: 59.82 years ± 15.66). 7.61% (53 patients) of the patients had PE. 2.02% (14 patients) of the patients had main branch or lobar PE.The multiple regression analysis found that only logQDDIM was a significant predictor. A logQDDIM cut-off value of 0.0169 (1.0171 ug/ml serum D-dimer) predicted PE with 99% sensitivity (p
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664
Racial differences in parent response to COVID schooling policies
Micah Y. BaumBrian A. JacobaGerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bNational Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA 02138
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
665
High-resolution map of the Fc functions mediated by COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies
Ida PacielloGiuseppe MaccariElisa PantanoEmanuele AndreanoRino RappuoliaMonoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, ItalybData Science for Health Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, ItalycDepartment of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena 53100, ItalydFondazione Biotecnopolo di Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
666
Higher chronic absenteeism threatens academic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic
Thomas S. DeeaGraduate School of Education, Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
667
Deciphering factors linked with reduced SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Abstract Background Factors influencing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 remain to be resolved. Using data of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) on 6,270 people with HIV (PWH) and serologic assessment for SARS-CoV-2 and circulating-human-coronavirus (HCoV) antibodies, we investigated the association of HIV-related and general parameters with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Methods We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 PCR-tests, COVID-19 related hospitalizations, and deaths reported to the SHCS between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoVs were determined in pre-pandemic (2019) and pandemic (2020) bio-banked plasma and compared to HIV-negative individuals. We applied logistic regression, conditional logistic regression, and Bayesian multivariate regression to identify determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and Ab responses to SARS-CoV-2 in PWH.Results No HIV-1-related factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 acquisition. High pre-pandemic HCoV antibodies were associated with a lower risk of subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and with higher SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses upon infection. We observed a robust protective effect of smoking on SARS-CoV-2-infection risk (aOR= 0.46 [0.38,0.56], p=2.6*10-14), which occurred even in previous smokers, and was highest for heavy smokers.Conclusions Our findings of two independent protective factors, smoking and HCoV antibodies, both affecting the respiratory environment, underscore the importance of the local immune milieu in regulating susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
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668
Effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination on HIV viremia and reservoir size
Duncan, Maggie C.; Omondi, F. Harrison; Kinloch, Natalie N.; Lapointe, Hope R.; Speckmaier, Sarah; Moran-Garcia, Nadia; Lawson, Tanya; DeMarco, Mari L.; Simons, Janet; Holmes, Daniel T.; Lowe, Christopher F.; Bacani, Nic; Sereda, Paul; Barrios, Rolando; Harris, Marianne; Romney, Marc G.; Montaner, Julio S.G.; Brumme, Chanson J.; Brockman, Mark A.; Brumme, Zabrina L.
AIDS, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Objective: The immunogenic nature of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines led to some initial concern that these could stimulate the HIV reservoir. We analyzed changes in plasma HIV loads (pVL) and reservoir size following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in 62 people with HIV (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and analyzed province-wide trends in pVL before and after the mass vaccination campaign. Design: Longitudinal observational cohort and province-wide analysis. Methods: 62 participants were sampled pre-vaccination, and one month after their first and second COVID-19 immunizations. Vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike antibodies in serum were measured using the Roche Elecsys Anti-S assay. HIV reservoirs were quantified using the Intact Proviral DNA Assay; pVL were measured using the cobas 6800 (LLOQ:20 copies/mL). The province-wide analysis included all 290,401 pVL performed in British Columbia, Canada between 2012-2022. Results: Pre-vaccination, the median intact reservoir size was 77 (IQR:20–204) HIV copies/million CD4+ T-cells, compared to 74 (IQR:27–212) and 65 (IQR:22–174) post-first and -second dose, respectively (all comparisons p>0.07). Pre-vaccination, 82% of participants had pVL 0.4). There was no evidence that the magnitude of the vaccine-elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2-Spike immune response influenced pVL nor changes in reservoir size (p > 0.6). We found no evidence linking the COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign to population-level increases in detectable pVL frequency among all PWH in the province, nor among those who maintained pVL suppression on ART. Conclusion: We found no evidence that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines induced changes in HIV reservoir size nor plasma viremia. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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669
How the COVID-19 pandemic and the health system's response reduced HIV testing and increased late diagnoses in Mexico
Macías-González, Fernando; Vermandere, Heleen; Piñeirúa-Menendez, Alicia; Bautista-Arredondo, Sergio
AIDS, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the disruption in HIV screening and diagnoses due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate the pandemic\'s subsequent influence on the HIV epidemic. Design: A retrospective examination of testing and confirmed diagnoses time series was undertaken from 2011 to 2022. The analysis encompassed testing, positive tests, positivity rates, and diagnosis outcomes, including new HIV diagnoses, asymptomatic HIV diagnoses, and symptomatic HIV diagnoses. Methods: We used Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to estimate the COVID-19 epidemic\'s impact on screening and diagnosis outcomes. We gauged the pandemic\'s effect between January 2020 and December 2022 by comparing modeled predicted results with actual outcomes. Results: The advent of COVID-19 prompted a reduction of 50.7% in HIV testing, followed by a monthly escalation in testing afterward, estimated at 30.2% and 65.1% for 2021 and 2022, respectively. While new diagnoses reported between 2020 and 2022 gradually increased to pre-pandemic levels, we estimate a gap of 13,207 new diagnoses, with symptomatic detections increasing more than proportionally in 2021 and 2022. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in missed HIV diagnoses and a rise in late HIV diagnoses. Implementing tailored post-COVID-19 strategies to accelerate timely HIV testing and prevention is needed to avert additional burdens and remain on track toward achieving the 2030 HIV management goals. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
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670
Application of in-silico drug discovery techniques to discover a novel hit for target-specific inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro’s revealed allosteric binding with MAO-B receptor: A theoretical study to find a cure for post-covid neurological disorder
Magdi E. A. Zaki, Sami A. AL-Hussain, Aamal A. Al-Mutairi, Abdul Samad, Vijay H. Masand, Rahul G. Ingle, Vivek Digamber Rathod, Nikita Maruti Gaikwad, Summya Rashid, Pravin N. Khatale, Pramod V. Burakale, Rahul D. Jawarkar
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.01.2024
Tilføjet 17.01.2024
by Magdi E. A. Zaki, Sami A. AL-Hussain, Aamal A. Al-Mutairi, Abdul Samad, Vijay H. Masand, Rahul G. Ingle, Vivek Digamber Rathod, Nikita Maruti Gaikwad, Summya Rashid, Pravin N. Khatale, Pramod V. Burakale, Rahul D. Jawarkar Several studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 damages brain function and produces significant neurological disability. The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes COVID-19, may infect the heart, kidneys, and brain. Recent research suggests that monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) may be involved in metabolomics variations in delirium-prone individuals and severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In light of this situation, we have employed a variety of computational to develop suitable QSAR model using PyDescriptor and genetic algorithm-multilinear regression (GA-MLR) models (R2 = 0.800–793, Q2LOO = 0.734–0.727, and so on) on the data set of 106 molecules whose anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was empirically determined. QSAR models generated follow OECD standards and are predictive. QSAR model descriptors were also observed in x-ray-resolved structures. After developing a QSAR model, we did a QSAR-based virtual screening on an in-house database of 200 compounds and found a potential hit molecule. The new hit’s docking score (-8.208 kcal/mol) and PIC50 (7.85 M) demonstrated a significant affinity for SARS-CoV-2’s main protease. Based on post-covid neurodegenerative episodes in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s-like disorders and MAO-B’s role in neurodegeneration, the initially disclosed hit for the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was repurposed against the MAO-B receptor using receptor-based molecular docking, which yielded a docking score of -12.0 kcal/mol. This shows that the compound that inhibits SARS-CoV-2’s primary protease may bind allosterically to the MAO-B receptor. We then did molecular dynamic simulations and MMGBSA tests to confirm molecular docking analyses and quantify binding free energy. The drug-receptor complex was stable during the 150-ns MD simulation. The first computational effort to show in-silico inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and allosteric interaction of novel inhibitors with MAO-B in post-covid neurodegenerative symptoms and other disorders. The current study seeks a novel compound that inhibits SAR’s COV-2 Mpro and perhaps binds MAO-B allosterically. Thus, this study will enable scientists design a new SARS-CoV-2 Mpro that inhibits the MAO-B receptor to treat post-covid neurological illness.
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671
Disproportionate Death Rates Reported in US Prisons Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Journal of the American Medical Association, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
COVID-19 was a principal driver behind a 77% higher mortality rate in 2020 than in 2019 among people incarcerated in US prisons, according to data from 48 Departments of Corrections. The researchers noted that increased mortality among the general population was much lower early in the pandemic—23% between 2020 and 2021.
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672
[Articles] Durability and cross-reactive immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 2 years after recovery from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study
Li Guo, Qiao Zhang, Xiaoying Gu, Lili Ren, Tingxuan Huang, Yanan Li, Hui Zhang, Ying Liu, Jingchuan Zhong, Xinming Wang, Lan Chen, Yin Zhang, Danyang Li, Meiyu Fang, Liuhui Xu, Haibo Li, Zai Wang, Hui Li, Tao Bai, Wen Liu, Yanchun Peng, Tao Dong, Bin Cao, Jianwei Wang
The Lancet Microbe, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
This study improves the understanding of the duration of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity without boosting, which has implications for the design of vaccination regimens and programmes. Our data suggest that memory T-cell responses primed by initial viral infection remain highly cross-reactive after 2 years. With the increasing emergence of variants, effective vaccines should be introduced to boost neutralising antibody and overall T-cell responses to newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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673
[Articles] Bacterial nasopharyngeal colonisation in children in South Africa before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study
Courtney P Olwagen, Sarah L Downs, Alane Izu, Lebohang Tharasimbi, Lara Van Der Merwe, Marta C Nunes, Shabir A Madhi
The Lancet Microbe, 16.01.2024
Tilføjet 16.01.2024
There were variable effects on the colonisation prevalence and density of bacterial organisms during the COVID-19 compared with the pre-COVID-19 period. The lower prevalence of PCV13 serotype together with other respiratory organisms including non-typeable H influenzae and M catarrhalis could have in part contributed to a decrease in all-cause lower respiratory tract infections observed in South Africa during the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The pathophysiological mechanism for the increase in A baumannii and S aureus colonisation warrants further investigation, as does the clinical relevance of these findings.
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674
Correction: Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with seasonal coronavirus Infection and COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
675
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children and young adults
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background and objectives Pediatric COVID-19 cases are often mild or asymptomatic, which has complicated estimations of disease burden using existing testing practices. We aimed to determine the age-specific population seropositivity and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children and young adults during the pandemic in British Columbia (BC). Methods We conducted two cross-sectional serosurveys: phase 1 enrolled children and adults
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676
Clinical antiviral efficacy of favipiravir in early COVID-19 (PLATCOV): an open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Brief summary In early symptomatic COVID-19 treatment, high dose oral favipiravir did not accelerate viral clearance. Background Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug, has in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Clinical trial evidence to date is inconclusive. Favipiravir has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in some countries. Methods In a multicentre open-label, randomised, controlled, adaptive platform trial, low-risk adult patients with early symptomatic COVID-19 were randomised to one of ten treatment arms including high dose oral favipiravir (3.6g on day 0 followed by 1.6g daily to complete 7 days treatment) or no study drug. The primary outcome was the rate of viral clearance (derived under a linear mixed-effects model from the daily log10 viral densities in standardised duplicate oropharyngeal swab eluates taken daily over 8 days [18 swabs per patient]), assessed in a modified intention-to-treat population (mITT). The safety population included all patients who received at least one dose of the allocated intervention. This ongoing adaptive platform trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05041907) on 13/09/2021. Results In the final analysis, the mITT population contained data from 114 patients randomised to favipiravir and 126 patients randomised concurrently to no study drug. Under the linear mixed-effects model fitted to all oropharyngeal viral density estimates in the first 8 days from randomisation (4,318 swabs), there was no difference in the rate of viral clearance between patients given favipiravir and patients receiving no study drug; a -1% (95% credible interval: -14 to 14%) difference. High dose favipiravir was well-tolerated. Interpretation Favipiravir does not accelerate viral clearance in early symptomatic COVID-19. The viral clearance rate estimated from quantitative measurements of oropharyngeal eluate viral densities assesses the antiviral efficacy of drugs in vivo with comparatively few studied patients.
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677
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV: a cross-sectional study in Caracas, Venezuela
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted multiple health services, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, care, and treatment services, jeopardizing the achievement of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 90-90-90 global target. While there are limited studies assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Latin America, there are none, to our knowledge, in Venezuela. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among PLHIV seen at the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital in Venezuela. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 18 years and over seen at the Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela between March 2021 and February 2022. Results A total of 238 PLHIV were included in the study. The median age was 43 (IQR 31–55) years, and the majority were male (68.9%). Most patients (88.2%, n = 210) came for routine check-ups, while 28 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed. The majority of patients (96.1%) were on antiretroviral therapy (ART), but only 67.8% had a viral load test, with almost all (95.6%) being undetectable. Among those who attended regular appointments, 11.9% reported missing at least one medical consultation, and 3.3% reported an interruption in their ART refill. More than half of the patients (55.5%) had received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while the rest expressed hesitancy to get vaccinated. Most patients with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy were male (65.1%), younger than 44 years (57.5%), employed (47.2%), and had been diagnosed with HIV for less than one year (33%). However, no statistically significant differences were found between vaccinated patients and those with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Older age was a risk factor for missing consultations, while not having an alcoholic habit was identified as a protective factor against missing consultations. Conclusion This study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited impact on adherence to medical consultations and interruptions in ART among PLHIV seen at the University Hospital of Caracas, Venezuela.
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678
Characterisation, symptom pattern and symptom clusters from a retrospective cohort of Long COVID patients in primary care in Catalonia
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background Around 10% of people infected by SARS-COV-2 report symptoms that persist longer than 3 months. Little has been reported about sex differences in symptoms and clustering over time of non-hospitalised patients in primary care settings. Methods This is a descriptive study of a cohort of mainly non-hospitalized patients with a persistence of symptoms longer than 3 months from the clinical onset in co-creation with the Long Covid Catalan affected group using an online survey. Recruitment was from March 2020 to June 2021. Exclusion criteria were being admitted to an ICU,
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679
Poor nutritional status is associated with the severity of omicron infection in the older adults
BMC Infectious Diseases, 15.01.2024
Tilføjet 15.01.2024
Abstract Background The Omicron wave of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains the dominant strain worldwide. The studies of nutritional status in geriatric people with COVID-19 Omicron variant are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of poor nutritional status among Omicron infected older patients, and to explore the correlation between the nutritional status and the severity of Omicron infection in older patients. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. According to the clinical symptoms, patients were divided into two groups: mild and moderate to severe. Mini Nutritional Assessment short-form (MNA-SF) was conducted when patients were admitted and poor nutritional status was defined as MNA-SF score of 0–11. The inflammatory markers including neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic inflammatory index (SII) were calculated and compared between two groups. Results Total of 324 patients were enrolled, with median [interquartile range (IQR)] age of 73 (17) years. Overall, 241 cases were mild, 83 cases were moderate to severe at the time of diagnosis and that 54.3% of patients had poor nutritional status. Patients with poor nutritional status were found to be older (P
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680
Exploring a targeted approach for public health capacity restrictions during COVID-19 using a new computational model
Infectious Disease Modelling, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 12 January 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Ashley N. Micuda, Mark R. Anderson, Irina Babayan, Erin Bolger, Logan Cantin, Gillian Groth, Ry Pressman-Cyna, Charlotte Z. Reed, Noah J. Rowe, Mehdi Shafiee, Benjamin Tam, Marie C. Vidal, Tianai Ye, Ryan D. Martin
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681
Vaccine-Boosted CCP Decreases Virus Replication and Hastens Resolution of Infection Despite Transiently Enhancing Disease in SARS-CoV-2–Infected Hamsters
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
Abstract Definitive data demonstrating the utility of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma (CCP) for treating immunocompromised patients remains elusive. To better understand the mechanism of action of CCP, we studied viral replication and disease progression in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)–infected hamsters treated with CCP obtained from recovered COVID-19 patients that were also vaccinated with an mRNA vaccine, hereafter referred to as Vaxplas. Vaxplas transiently enhanced disease severity and lung pathology in hamsters treated near peak viral replication due to immune complex and activated complement deposition in pulmonary endothelium, and recruitment of M1 proinflammatory macrophages into the lung parenchyma. However, aside from one report, transient enhanced disease has not been reported in CCP recipient patients, and the transient enhanced disease in Vaxplas hamsters may have been due to mismatched species IgG-FcR interactions, infusion timing, or other experimental factors. Despite transient disease enhancement, Vaxplas dramatically reduced virus replication in lungs and improved infection outcome in SARS-CoV-2–infected hamsters.
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682
Understanding symptoms suggestive of long COVID syndrome and healthcare use among community-based populations in Manitoba, Canada: an observational cross-sectional survey
Kosowan, L., Sanchez-Ramirez, D. C., Katz, A.
BMJ Open, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
ObjectiveThis study aims to characterise respondents who have COVID-19 and long COVID syndrome (LCS), and describe their symptoms and healthcare utilisation. DesignObservational cross-sectional survey. SettingThe one-time online survey was available from June 2022 to November 2022 to capture the experience of residents in Manitoba, Canada. ParticipantIndividuals shared their experience with COVID-19 including their COVID-19 symptoms, symptoms suggestive of LCS and healthcare utilisation. We used descriptive statistics to characterise patients with COVID-19, describe symptoms suggestive of LCS and explore respondent health system use based on presenting symptoms. ResultsThere were 654 Manitobans who responded to our survey, 616 (94.2%) of whom had or provided care to someone who had COVID-19, and 334 (54.2%) reported symptoms lasting 3 or more months. On average, respondents reported having 10 symptoms suggestive of LCS, with the most common being extreme fatigue (79.6%), issues with concentration, thinking and memory (76.6%), shortness of breath with activity (65.3%) and headaches (64.1%). Half of the respondents (49.2%) did not seek healthcare for COVID-19 or LCS. Primary care was sought by 66.2% respondents with symptoms suggestive of LCS, 15.2% visited an emergency department and 32.0% obtained care from a specialist or therapist. 62.6% of respondents with symptoms suggestive of LCS reported reducing work, school or other activities which demonstrate its impact on physical function and health-related quality of life. ConclusionConsistent with the literature, there are a variety of symptoms experienced among individuals with COVID-19 and LCS. Healthcare providers face challenge in providing care for patients with a wide range of symptoms unlikely to respond to a single intervention. These findings support the value of interdisciplinary COVID-19 clinics due to the complexity of the syndrome. This study confirms that data collected from the healthcare system do not provide a comprehensive reflection of LCS.
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683
Priority populations experiences of isolation, quarantine and distancing for COVID-19: protocol for a longitudinal cohort study (Optimise Study)
Pedrana, A., Bowring, A., Heath, K., Thomas, A. J., Wilkinson, A., Fletcher-Lartey, S., Saich, F., Munari, S., Oliver, J., Merner, B., Altermatt, A., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, L., Young, K., Kerr, P., Osborne, D., Kwong, E. J. L., Corona, M. V., Ke, T., Zhang, Y., Eisa, L., Al-Qassas, A., Malith, D., Davis, A., Gibbs, L., Block, K., Horyniak, D., Wallace, J., Power, R., Vadasz, D., Ryan, R., Shearer, F., Homer, C., Collie, A., Meagher, N., Danchin, M., Kaufman, J., Wang, P., Hassani, A., Sadewo, G. R. P., Robins, G., Gallagher, C., Matous, P., Roden, B., Karkavandi, M. A., Coutinho, J., Broccatelli, C., Koskinen, J., Curtis, S., Doyle, J. S., Geard, N., Hill, S., Coelho, A., Scott, N., Lusher, D., Stoove, M. A., Gibney, K. B., Hellard, M.
BMJ Open, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
IntroductionLongitudinal studies can provide timely and accurate information to evaluate and inform COVID-19 control and mitigation strategies and future pandemic preparedness. The Optimise Study is a multidisciplinary research platform established in the Australian state of Victoria in September 2020 to collect epidemiological, social, psychological and behavioural data from priority populations. It aims to understand changing public attitudes, behaviours and experiences of COVID-19 and inform epidemic modelling and support responsive government policy. Methods and analysisThis protocol paper describes the data collection procedures for the Optimise Study, an ongoing longitudinal cohort of ~1000 Victorian adults and their social networks. Participants are recruited using snowball sampling with a set of seeds and two waves of snowball recruitment. Seeds are purposively selected from priority groups, including recent COVID-19 cases and close contacts and people at heightened risk of infection and/or adverse outcomes of COVID-19 infection and/or public health measures. Participants complete a schedule of monthly quantitative surveys and daily diaries for up to 24 months, plus additional surveys annually for up to 48 months. Cohort participants are recruited for qualitative interviews at key time points to enable in-depth exploration of people’s lived experiences. Separately, community representatives are invited to participate in community engagement groups, which review and interpret research findings to inform policy and practice recommendations. Ethics and disseminationThe Optimise longitudinal cohort and qualitative interviews are approved by the Alfred Hospital Human Research Ethics Committee (# 333/20). The Optimise Study CEG is approved by the La Trobe University Human Ethics Committee (# HEC20532). All participants provide informed verbal consent to enter the cohort, with additional consent provided prior to any of the sub studies. Study findings will be disseminated through public website (https://optimisecovid.com.au/study-findings/) and through peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration numberNCT05323799.
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684
Cross-sectional survey of sexual health professionals experiences and perceptions of the 2022 mpox outbreak in the UK
Hayes, R., Dakin, F., Smuk, M., Paparini, S., Apea, V., Dewsnap, C., Waters, L., Anderson, J., Orkin, C. M.
BMJ Open, 13.01.2024
Tilføjet 13.01.2024
ObjectiveTo understand the experiences and perceptions of sexual health professionals responding to the May 2022 mpox outbreak in the UK. DesignCross-sectional, anonymous, online survey collecting quantitative and qualitative data. Convenience sample recruited via an international network of sexual health and HIV clinicians responding to mpox and promoted through clinical associations and social media. Survey domains included: clinical workload; preparedness, support, and training; safety at work; vaccination; and well-being. Qualitative descriptive analysis of open-text responses was conducted to support interpretation of the quantitative data. ParticipantsParticipants who were employed as sexual health professionals in the UK and had direct clinical experience of mpox were included in the analysis. The survey was completed between 11 August and 31 October 2022 by 139 respondents, the majority of whom were doctors (72.7%), cis-female (70.5%) and White (78.4%). Results70.3% reported that they were required to respond to mpox in addition to their existing clinical responsibilities, with 46.8% working longer hours as a result. In the open-text data, respondents highlighted that workload pressures were exacerbated by a lack of additional funding for mpox, pre-existing pressures on sexual health services, and unrealistic expectations around capacity. 67.6% of respondents reported experiencing negative emotional impact due to their mpox work, with stress (59.0%), fatigue (43.2%) and anxiety (36.0%) being the most common symptoms. 35.8% stated that they were less likely to remain in their profession because of their experiences during the mpox outbreak. In the open-text data, these feelings were ascribed to post-COVID exhaustion, understaffing and frustration among some participants at the handling of the mpox response. ConclusionsThese findings indicate that sexual health services require increased funding and resources, along with evidence-based well-being interventions, to support sexual health professionals’ outbreak preparedness and recovery.
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685
The characterization of CD8+ T-cell responses in COVID-19
Yuanting YangHeather MillerMaria G. ByazrovaFabio CndottiKamel BenlaghaNiels Olsen Saraiva CamaraJunming ShiHuamei ForsmanPamela LeeLu YangAlexander FilatovZhimin ZhaiChaohong Liua Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of Chinab Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinac Cytek Biosciences, R&D Clinical Reagents, Fremont, CA, USAd Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russiae Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerlandf Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, Paris, Franceg Laboratory of Human Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazilh Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Swedeni Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kongj Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
686
The incidence, characteristics, impact and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain in Thailand: A single-center cross-sectional study
Suratsawadee Wangnamthip, Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon, Pranee Rushatamukayanunt, Patcha Papaisarn, Burapa Pajina, Thanawut Jitsinthunun, Panuwat Promsin, Rujipas Sirijatuphat, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
by Suratsawadee Wangnamthip, Nantthasorn Zinboonyahgoon, Pranee Rushatamukayanunt, Patcha Papaisarn, Burapa Pajina, Thanawut Jitsinthunun, Panuwat Promsin, Rujipas Sirijatuphat, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Lars Arendt-Nielsen, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Pain has emerged as a significant post-COVID-19 symptom. This study investigated the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted in participants who had been infected, including those hospitalized and monitored at home by SARS-CoV-2 from August to September 2021. Data were collected for screening from medical records, and phone interviews were done between 3 to 6 months post-infection. Participants were classified into 1) no-pain, 2) PCCP, 3) chronic pain that has been aggravated by COVID-19, or 4) chronic pain that has not been aggravated by COVID-19. Pain interference and quality of life were evaluated with the Brief Pain Inventory and EuroQol Five Dimensions Five Levels Questionnaire. From 1,019 participants, 90% of the participants had mild infection, assessed by WHO progression scale. The overall incidence of PCCP was 3.2% (95% CI 2.3–4.5), with 2.8% (95% CI 2.0–4.1) in mild infection, 5.2% (95% CI 1.2–14.1) in moderate infection and 8.5% (95% CI 3.4–19.9) in severe infection. Most participants (83.3%) reported pain in the back and lower extremities and were classified as musculoskeletal pain and headache (8.3%). Risk factors associated with PCCP, included female sex (relative risk [RR] 2.2, 95% CI 1.0–4.9) and greater COVID-19 severity (RR 3.5, 95% CI 1.1–11.7). Participants with COVID-19-related exacerbated chronic pain displayed higher pain interferences and lower utility scores than other groups. In conclusion, this study highlights the incidence, features, and risk factors of post-COVID chronic pain (PCCP) in Thailand. It emphasizes the need to monitor and address PCCP, especially in severe cases, among females, and individuals with a history of chronic pain to improve their quality of life in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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687
High-resolution map of the Fc functions mediated by COVID-19-neutralizing antibodies
Ida PacielloGiuseppe MaccariElisa PantanoEmanuele AndreanoRino RappuoliaMonoclonal Antibody Discovery Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, ItalybData Science for Health Lab, Fondazione Toscana Life Sciences, Siena 53100, ItalycDepartment of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena 53100, ItalydFondazione Biotecnopolo di Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
688
Using Throat Swabs Improved Sensitivity in Detecting SARS-CoV-2
Journal of the American Medical Association, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Collecting both nasal and throat specimens from people with COVID-19 symptoms resulted in more sensitive rapid antigen testing than when collecting only a nasal specimen, according to findings involving about 2900 participants aged 16 years or older in Denmark.
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689
Program Offering Free COVID-19 and Flu Services Expands Nationwide
Journal of the American Medical Association, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
The Home Test to Treat program—a public health effort funded by the US National Institutes of Health—is now open to adults around the country after being piloted in select locations earlier this year, the agency announced. It’s the first public health program that provides at-home testing for both COVID-19 and influenza on a national scale.
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690
Does Paxlovid Prevent Long COVID?
Journal of the American Medical Association, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
This Medical News article discusses 2 new observational studies that examined associations with SARS-CoV-2 antiviral medications and long COVID.
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691
Persons diagnosed with COVID-19 in England in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD): a cohort description
Andersen, K. M., McGrath, L. J., Reimbaeva, M., Mendes, D., Nguyen, J. L., Rai, K. K., Tritton, T., Tsang, C., Malhotra, D., Yang, J.
BMJ Open, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
ObjectiveTo create case definitions for confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses, COVID-19 vaccination status and three separate definitions of high risk of severe COVID-19, as well as to assess whether the implementation of these definitions in a cohort reflected the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 epidemiology in England. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingElectronic healthcare records from primary care (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD) linked to secondary care data (Hospital Episode Statistics) data covering 24% of the population in England. Participants2 271 072 persons aged 1 year and older diagnosed with COVID-19 in CPRD Aurum between 1 August 2020 and 31 January 2022. Main outcome measuresAge, sex and regional distribution of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19 vaccine doses received prior to diagnosis were assessed separately for the cohorts of cases identified in primary care and those hospitalised for COVID-19 (primary diagnosis code of ICD-10 U07.1 ‘COVID-19’). Smoking status, body mass index and Charlson Comorbidity Index were compared for the two cohorts, as well as for three separate definitions of high risk of severe disease used in the UK (National Health Service Highest Risk, PANORAMIC trial eligibility, UK Health Security Agency Clinical Risk prioritisation for vaccination). ResultsCompared with national estimates, CPRD case estimates under-represented older adults in both the primary care (age 65–84: 6% in CPRD vs 9% nationally) and hospitalised (31% vs 40%) cohorts, and over-represented people living in regions with the highest median wealth areas of England (20% primary care and 20% hospital admitted cases in South East vs 15% nationally). The majority of non-hospitalised cases and all hospitalised cases had not completed primary series vaccination. In primary care, persons meeting high-risk definitions were older, more often smokers, overweight or obese, and had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score. ConclusionsCPRD primary care data are a robust real-world data source and can be used for some COVID-19 research questions, however, limitations of the data availability should be carefully considered. Included in this publication are supplemental files for a total of over 28 000 codes to define each of three definitions of high risk of severe disease.
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692
Qualitative interview study of strategies to support healthcare personnel mental health through an occupational health lens
Brown-Johnson, C., DeShields, C., McCaa, M., Connell, N., Giannitrapani, S. N., Thanassi, W., Yano, E. M., Singer, S. J., Lorenz, K. A., Giannitrapani, K.
BMJ Open, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
BackgroundEmployee Occupational Health (‘occupational health’) clinicians have expansive perspectives of the experience of healthcare personnel. Integrating mental health into the purview of occupational health is a newer approach that could combat historical limitations of healthcare personnel mental health programmes, which have been isolated and underused. ObjectiveWe aimed to document innovation and opportunities for supporting healthcare personnel mental health through occupational health clinicians. This work was part of a national qualitative needs assessment of employee occupational health clinicians during COVID-19 who were very much at the centre of organisational responses. DesignThis qualitative needs assessment included key informant interviews obtained using snowball sampling methods. ParticipantsWe interviewed 43 US Veterans Health Administration occupational health clinicians from 29 facilities. ApproachThis analysis focused on personnel mental health needs and opportunities, using consensus coding of interview transcripts and modified member checking. Key resultsThree major opportunities to support mental health through occupational health involved: (1) expanded mental health needs of healthcare personnel, including opportunities to support work-related concerns (eg, traumatic deployments), home-based concerns and bereavement (eg, working with chaplains); (2) leveraging expanded roles and protocols to address healthcare personnel mental health concerns, including opportunities in expanding occupational health roles, cross-disciplinary partnerships (eg, with employee assistance programmes (EAP)) and process/protocol (eg, acute suicidal ideation pathways) and (3) need for supporting occupational health clinicians’ own mental health, including opportunities to address overwork/burn-out with adequate staffing/resources. ConclusionsOccupational health can enact strategies to support personnel mental health: to structurally sustain attention, use social cognition tools (eg, suicidality protocols or expanded job descriptions); to leverage distributed attention, enhance interdisciplinary collaboration (eg, chaplains for bereavement support or EAP) and to equip systems with resources and allow for flexibility during crises, including increased staffing.
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693
Psychometric properties of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale: Post-Covid-19 syndrome in Iranian elderly population
BMC Infectious Diseases, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the construct validity and reliability of the Iranian version of the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19-YRS) among the elderly population. Method A cohort of 230 elderly individuals who tested positive for Covid-19 via PCR were administered a health and demographic information questionnaire along with the C19-YRS. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted, and Cronbach’s alpha was calculated. Results Findings from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the C19-YRS revealed alterations compared to the original version, resulting in an adapted version with three factors achieved by redistributing the questions. These factors accounted for 57.46% of the total variance. Despite a relatively lower factor loading in the 6th question, it was retained due to its significance among the elderly. The Cronbach’s alpha for the C19-YRS subscales ranged from 0.730 to 0.890, indicating acceptable reliability. Conclusion The validation results indicated a well-adjusted factor structure and internal consistency, affirming the utility of this tool among the elderly population. Consequently, the C19-YRS in Iran can serve as a valuable resource in healthcare settings, aiding in the assessment of chronic complications arising from Covid-19 in the elderly. It can be utilized as an initial screening or triage test and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
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694
Covid’s cold cousins
Jon Cohen
Science, 12.01.2024
Tilføjet 12.01.2024
695
Stress and burnout amongst mental health professionals in Singapore during Covid-19 endemicity
Suyi Yang, Germaine Ke Jia Tan, Kang Sim, Lucas Jun Hao Lim, Benjamin Yong Qiang Tan, Abhiram Kanneganti, Shirley Beng Suat Ooi, Lue Ping Ong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Suyi Yang, Germaine Ke Jia Tan, Kang Sim, Lucas Jun Hao Lim, Benjamin Yong Qiang Tan, Abhiram Kanneganti, Shirley Beng Suat Ooi, Lue Ping Ong The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a huge emotional strain on mental health professionals (MHP) in Singapore. As Singapore transited into an endemic status, it is unclear whether the psychological strain has likewise lessened. The aims of this study were to investigate the levels of stress and burnout experienced by MHP working in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore during this phase of COVID-19 endemicity (2022) in comparison to the earlier pandemic years (2020 and 2021) and to identify factors which contribute to as well as ameliorate stress and burnout. A total of 282 MHP participated in an online survey in 2022, which included 2 validated measures, namely the Perceived Stress Scale and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). Participants were also asked to rank factors that contributed the most to their stress and burnout. Between-group comparisons were conducted regarding stress and burnout levels among MHP across different demographic groupings and working contexts. In addition, OLBI data completed by MHP in 2020 and 2021 were extracted from 2 published studies, and trend analysis was conducted for the proportion of MHP meeting burnout threshold across 3 time points. We found that the proportion of MHP meeting burnout threshold in 2020, 2021 and 2022 were 76.9%, 87.6% and 77.9% respectively. Professional groups, age, years of experience and income groups were associated with stress and/or burnout. High clinical workload was ranked as the top factor that contributed to stress and burnout while flexible working arrangement was ranked as the top area for improvement so as to reduce stress and burnout. As such, policy makers and hospital management may want to focus on setting clear mental health targets and facilitate manageable clinical workload, build manpower resiliency, optimize resources and provide flexible work arrangements to alleviate stress and burnout among MHP.
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696
COVID-19 masks and limited number of shoppers as determinants of shop assistants’ (dis)honesty
Maciej Koscielniak, Dorota Marciniak, Dariusz Doliński
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Maciej Koscielniak, Dorota Marciniak, Dariusz Doliński Previous laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that the dishonesty of commercial transaction participants may depend on subtle cues. In this field study conducted on a sample of 216 shop assistants in Poland, we planned to demonstrate that coronavirus disease-related factors could result in an increased propensity for dishonesty among shop assistants. This investigation is unique in its application of social psychological theories to illuminate hitherto unexplored side effects of combating the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Our supposition was that the potential detriment encountered by individuals wearing solid surgical masks would involve being viewed as more abstract and remote, thereby heightening the likelihood of being deceived by a vendor. Moreover, we examined the potential relationship between the limited number of customers in retail establishments (related to pandemic restrictions) and the unscrupulous practices of sellers—specifically the act of retaining change. The effect of wearing masks was statistically non-significant, whereas the impact of other customers’ absence was significant. Moreover, unexpected results related to transaction parties’ genders were obtained, showing that shop assistants tended to be more honest when dealing with customers of the same gender. The results are discussed in the context of empathy toward masked customers, self-awareness theory, social norms of honesty, and identification with gender groups.
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697
Analyzing the varied impact of COVID-19 on stock markets: A comparative study of low- and high-infection-rate countries
Sharon Teitler Regev, Tchai Tavor
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Sharon Teitler Regev, Tchai Tavor The global health crisis initiated by the COVID-19 pandemic triggered unparalleled economic upheavals. In this comprehensive study of 16 countries categorized by their infection rates, we scrutinize the impact of a range of variables on stock market indices and calculate four critical ratios derived from those variables. Our regression analyses reveal striking differences in how the variables influenced stock indices in countries with low and high infection rates. Notably, in countries with low infection rates, all variables exhibited significant effects on stock returns. An increase in infection numbers and fatalities correlated with greater stock market declines, underscoring the market’s sensitivity to the health and economic risks posed by the pandemic. Recovery and testing rates also displayed positive associations with stock returns, reflecting investor optimism concerning potential recovery scenarios. Conversely, nations grappling with high infection rates experienced notably weaker effects from these variables. Although fatalities had a negative impact on stock indices, other factors, including recoveries, infections, and testing rates, did not result in significant effects. This suggests the likelihood that markets in high-infection countries had likely factored pandemic conditions into their pricing, thereby reducing the immediate impact of these metrics on stock returns. Our findings underscore the intricacies of the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on stock markets and highlight the importance of tailored strategies and policies for distinct country categories. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and investors navigating financial markets during global health crises and preparing for future epidemics.
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698
Effects of scheduled school breaks on the circulation of influenza in children, school-aged population and adults in China: a spatio-temporal analysis
Mengling Qiao, Fuyu Zhu, Junru Chen, You Li, Xin Wang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
School break / closure has been widely used as a non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) to mitigate severe epidemics and pandemics of respiratory infectious diseases, e.g., influenza and COVID-19. While school break has been reported to reduce the overall spread of respiratory infectious diseases [1-6], it could disproportionally affect certain population subgroups, e.g., students, which in turn reshape the epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases in the broader population. Empirical contact data in a number of countries reveal compensatory contact behaviours during school closure compared with school term [7-9].
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699
Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric patients before, during the COVID‐19 pandemic and after easing of COVID‐19 restrictive measures in China
Lidan Hu, Yang Yang, Jianyu Lin, Qingtao Yan, Changxuan Sun, Ziqiao Li, Lidan Sun, Jingfang Xu, Jie Chen, Guannan Bai
Journal of Medical Virology, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
700
Cross-sectional study of attitudes toward online continuing dental education in Libya during the COVID-19 pandemic
Ranya F. Elemam, Jamal M. El Swiah, Abduallah O. Durda, Nagwa N. Hegazy
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.01.2024
Tilføjet 11.01.2024
by Ranya F. Elemam, Jamal M. El Swiah, Abduallah O. Durda, Nagwa N. Hegazy During the COVID-19 pandemic, many educational institutions switched to e-learning educational platforms. This approach was essential but raised challenges, particularly in training practitioners for medical emergencies. This approach not only led to global challenges and a need for rapid adaptation, but also raised inequities across countries, with some facing far more technical challenges than others. In Libya, low investment in education technology and unpredictable internet connectivity limited its integration into schools and universities even before the pandemic. The current study reports feedback from an online continuing dental education (CDE) course for dental practitioners that was developed emergently during the pandemic and aimed to address the challenges posed by Libya’s internet environment. Participants were recruited through social media and received an 8-hour online CDE course consisting of three modules. Participants were invited to complete a pre-course demographic/informational survey on a Google form. After passing all modules, students were prompted to complete a post-course survey consisting of 23, five-point Likert scale questions. Respondents included 43 females (74.1%) and 15 males (25.9%). For ~50% of the cohort (n = 32), this was their first online clinical course. 87.9% of post-course participants rated the course as a positive learning experience, while 90.9% agreed their learning outcomes had been achieved. Most participants (97%) agreed the course instructor explained all concepts clearly. In total, 81.8% agreed that the technology effectively supported their learning. Most agreed that a clear demarcation between each course module existed and that the language and depth of the material were adequate. Some students reported technical difficulties, and 33.3% saw repetitions in the modules. However, all post-course respondents said they would recommend the online course to colleagues. Libyan dental practitioners showed high satisfaction levels towards the e-learning process, course content, instructors’ attitudes, and overall e-learning experience despite the inherent e-learning challenges posed in this country.
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