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47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
1281 emner vises.
Infection, 5.11.2023
Tilføjet 5.11.2023
Abstract Purpose We aimed to assess IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG) in vaccinated mothers and their infants at delivery and 2–3 months of age. Methods We conducted a prospective study on mothers who received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer-BNT162b2, Moderna mRNA-1273, or Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S) during pregnancy and on their infants. The baseline was at the time of delivery (n = 93), and the end of follow-up was 2 to 3 months post-partum (n = 53). Serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers and ACE2 binding inhibition levels were quantified by immunoassays. Results Mothers and infants had high anti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG titers against the B.1 lineage at birth. However, while antibody titers were maintained at 2–3 months post-partum in mothers, they decreased significantly in infants (p 0.8, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) affect approximately 10% of convalescent patients. The spectrum of symptoms is broad and heterogeneous with fatigue being the most often reported sequela. Easily accessible blood biomarkers to determine PASC severity are lacking. Thus, our study aimed to correlate immune phenotypes with PASC across the severity spectrum of COVID-19. Methods A total of 176 originally immunonaïve, convalescent COVID-19 patients from a prospective cohort during the first pandemic phase were stratified by initial disease severity and underwent clinical, psychosocial, and immune phenotyping around 10 weeks after first COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19-associated fatigue dynamics were assessed and related to clinical and immune phenotypes. Results Fatigue and severe fatigue were commonly reported irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity or organ-specific PASC. A clinically relevant increase in fatigue severity after COVID-19 was detected in all groups. Neutralizing antibody titers were higher in patients with severe acute disease, but no association was found between antibody titers and PASC. While absolute peripheral blood immune cell counts in originally immunonaïve PASC patients did not differ from unexposed controls, peripheral CD3+CD4+ T cell counts were independently correlated with fatigue severity across all strata in multivariable analysis. Conclusions Patients were at similar risk of self-reported PASC irrespective of initial disease severity. The independent correlation between fatigue severity and blood T cell phenotypes indicates a possible role of CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of post-COVID-19 fatigue, which might serve as a blood biomarker.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTahoora Abdolahi, Gholamali Maamouri, Maryam Behmadi, Sara Mirzaeian, Hassan Boskabadi, Raheleh Faramarzi
Journal of Medical Virology, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Lee, Laurie A.; Foster, Jennifer R.; Nikitovic, Dejana; Garros, Daniel; Ryan, Molly J.; Moghadam, Neda; Slumkoski, Corey; Walls, Martha; Curran, Janet A.; Seabrook, Jamie A.; Burgess, Stacy; Betts, Laura; Barclay, Amanda; Choong, Karen; Fontela, Patricia; Murthy, Srinivas; Nicoll, Jessica; O’Hearn, Katie; Sehgal, Anupam; Tijssen, Janice; for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
Critical Care Explorations, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
CONTEXT: PICUs across Canada restricted family presence (RFP) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic from allowing two or more family members to often only one family member at the bedside. The objective of this study was to describe the experiences and impact of RFP on families of critically ill children to inform future policy and practice. HYPOTHESIS: RFP policies negatively impacted families of PICU patients and caused moral distress. METHODS AND MODELS: National, cross-sectional, online, self-administered survey. Family members of children admitted to a Canadian PICU between March 2020 and February 2021 were invited to complete the survey. RFP-attributable distress was measured with a modified distress thermometer (0–10). Closed-ended questions were reported with descriptive statistics and multivariable linear regression assessed factors associated with RFP-attributable distress. Open-ended questions were analyzed using inductive content analysis. RESULTS: Of 250 respondents who experienced RFP, 124 (49.6%) were restricted to one family member at the bedside. The median amount of distress that families attributed to RFP policies was 6 (range: 0–10). Families described isolation, removal of supports, and perception of trauma related to RFP. Most families (183, 73.2%) felt that policies were enforced in a way that made them feel valued by PICU clinicians, which was associated with less RFP-attributable distress. Differential impact was seen where families with lower household income indicated higher RFP-attributable distress score (2.35; 95% CI, 0.53–4.17; p = 0.03). Most respondents suggested that future policies should allow at least two family members at the bedside. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: Families of children admitted to PICUs during the COVID-19 pandemic described increased distress, trauma, and removal of supports due to RFP policies. Vulnerable families showed an increased odds of higher distress. Healthcare professionals played an important role in mitigating distress. Allowance of at least two family members at the bedside should be considered for future policy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOtto Regalado-Pezúa, Orly Carvache-Franco, Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Wilmer Carvache-Franco, Maribel Ortiz-Soto, Guisell Larregui-Candelaria
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
by Otto Regalado-Pezúa, Orly Carvache-Franco, Mauricio Carvache-Franco, Wilmer Carvache-Franco, Maribel Ortiz-Soto, Guisell Larregui-Candelaria The research examines the negative consumer emotions generated by the perception of social networks or traditional media with consumer behavior during the covid_19 pandemic. The study was developed in Peru with a sample of 220 consumers; the design is quantitative and structural equations were used for data processing. The results indicate that social networks and traditional media are not related to negative emotions, but are related to the change in consumer behavior in the purchase of more products and new products. The research has theoretical implications since it provides evidence to the literature that the negative emotions generated during the covid_19 pandemic are related to changes in consumer behavior, which affect the purchase of more products and new products. The practical implications of the research is for businessmen on the causes of changes in consumer behavior generated during crises. like the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFarid Samaan, Rafaela Andrade Penalva Freitas, Renata Viana, Lívia Gâmbaro, Karlla Cunha, Tales Dantas Vieira, Valkercyo Feitosa, Eric Aragão Correa, Alexandre Toledo Maciel, Sylvia Aranha, Eduardo Atsushi Osawa, Roberta Pillar, Elias Marcos da Silva Flato, Renata Cristina da Silva, Elisa Carneiro, Fabrizzio Batista Guimarães de Lima Souza, Paula Regina Gan Rossi, Munira Bittencourt Abud, Henrique Pinheiro Konigsfeld, Riberto Garcia da Silva, Ricardo Barbosa Cintra de Souza, Saurus Mayer Coutinho, Miguel Ângelo Goes, Bárbara Antunes Bruno da Silva, Dirce Maria Trevisan Zanetta, Emmanuel Almeida Burdmann
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
by Farid Samaan, Rafaela Andrade Penalva Freitas, Renata Viana, Lívia Gâmbaro, Karlla Cunha, Tales Dantas Vieira, Valkercyo Feitosa, Eric Aragão Correa, Alexandre Toledo Maciel, Sylvia Aranha, Eduardo Atsushi Osawa, Roberta Pillar, Elias Marcos da Silva Flato, Renata Cristina da Silva, Elisa Carneiro, Fabrizzio Batista Guimarães de Lima Souza, Paula Regina Gan Rossi, Munira Bittencourt Abud, Henrique Pinheiro Konigsfeld, Riberto Garcia da Silva, Ricardo Barbosa Cintra de Souza, Saurus Mayer Coutinho, Miguel Ângelo Goes, Bárbara Antunes Bruno da Silva, Dirce Maria Trevisan Zanetta, Emmanuel Almeida Burdmann Introduction This study aimed to compare the characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) who were treated with kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in the first and second waves of the pandemic in the megalopolis of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Methods A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 10 intensive care units (ICUs). Patients aged ≥18 years, and treated with KRT due to COVID-19-associated AKI were included. We compared demographic, laboratory and clinical data, KRT parameters and patient outcomes in the first and second COVID-19 waves. Results We assessed 656 patients (327 in the first wave and 329 in the second one). Second-wave patients were admitted later (7.1±5.0 vs. 5.6±3.9 days after the onset of symptoms, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to high-dose immunosuppressive drugs and the lung is the main organ affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have confirmed increased SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and morbidity in patients living with lung allografts; however, detailed immunological studies of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early phase following transplantation remain scarce. Methods We investigated patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the early phase (18–103 days) after receiving double-lung allografts (n = 4, LuTx) in comparison to immunocompetent patients who had not received solid organ transplants (n = 88, noTx). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), and immunoblot assays. T cell responses were investigated using Elispot assays. Results One LuTx patient suffered from persistent infection with fatal outcome 122 days post-infection despite multiple interventions including remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab. Two patients experienced clinically mild disease with prolonged viral shedding (47 and 79 days), and one patient remained asymptomatic. Antibody and T cell responses were significantly reduced or undetectable in all LuTx patients compared to noTx patients. Conclusion Patients in the early phase following lung allograft transplantation are vulnerable to infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to impaired immune responses. This patient population should be vaccinated before LuTx, protected from infection post–LuTx, and in case of infection treated generously with currently available interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 4.11.2023
Tilføjet 4.11.2023
Abstract Purpose Lung transplant recipients are at increased risk of severe disease following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to high-dose immunosuppressive drugs and the lung is the main organ affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have confirmed increased SARS-CoV-2-related mortality and morbidity in patients living with lung allografts; however, detailed immunological studies of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the early phase following transplantation remain scarce. Methods We investigated patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the early phase (18–103 days) after receiving double-lung allografts (n = 4, LuTx) in comparison to immunocompetent patients who had not received solid organ transplants (n = 88, noTx). We analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIA), and immunoblot assays. T cell responses were investigated using Elispot assays. Results One LuTx patient suffered from persistent infection with fatal outcome 122 days post-infection despite multiple interventions including remdesivir, convalescent plasma, and the monoclonal antibody bamlanivimab. Two patients experienced clinically mild disease with prolonged viral shedding (47 and 79 days), and one patient remained asymptomatic. Antibody and T cell responses were significantly reduced or undetectable in all LuTx patients compared to noTx patients. Conclusion Patients in the early phase following lung allograft transplantation are vulnerable to infection with SARS-CoV-2 due to impaired immune responses. This patient population should be vaccinated before LuTx, protected from infection post–LuTx, and in case of infection treated generously with currently available interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
Abstract Background The general human immune responses similarity against different coronaviruses may reflect some degree of cross-immunity, whereby exposure to one coronavirus may confer partial immunity to another. The aim was to determine whether previous MERS-CoV infection was associated with a lower risk of subsequent COVID-19 disease and its related outcomes. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among all patients screened for MERS-CoV at a tertiary care hospital in Saudi Arabia between 2012 and early 2020. Both MERS-CoV positive and negative patients were followed up from early 2020 to September 2021 for developing COVID-19 infection confirmed by RT-PCR testing. Results A total of 397 participants followed for an average 15 months during COVID-19 pandemic (4.9 years from MERS-CoV infection). Of the 397 participants, 93 (23.4%) were positive for MERS-CoV at baseline; 61 (65.6%) of the positive cases were symptomatic. Out of 397, 48 (12.1%) participants developed COVID-19 by the end of the follow-up period. Cox regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, and major comorbidity showed a marginally significant lower risk of COVID-19 disease (hazard ratio = 0.533, p = 0.085) and hospital admission (hazard ratio = 0.411, p = 0.061) in patients with positive MERS-CoV. Additionally, the risk of COVID-19 disease was further reduced and became significant in patients with symptomatic MERS-CoV infection (hazard ratio = 0.324, p = 0.034) and hospital admission (hazard ratio = 0.317, p = 0.042). Conclusions The current findings may indicate a partial cross-immunity, where patients with symptomatic MERS-CoV have a lower risk of future COVID-19 infection and related hospitalization. The present results may need further examination nationally using immunity markers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRanjeet S. Mahla
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
Valerie Percival, Oskar T Thoms, Ben Oppenheim, Dane Rowlands, Carolyn Chisadza, Sara Fewer, Gavin Yamey, Amy C Alexander, Chloe L Allaham, Sara Causevic, François Daudelin, Siri Gloppen, Debarati Guha-Sapir, Maseh Hadaf, Samuel Henderson, Steven J Hoffman, Ana Langer, Toni Joe Lebbos, Luiz Leomil, Minna Lyytikäinen, Anju Malhotra, Paul Mkandawire, Holly A Norris, Ole Petter Ottersen, Jason Phillips, Sigrún Rawet, Alexa Salikova, Idil Shekh Mohamed, Ghazal Zazai, Tarja Halonen, Catherine Kyobutungi, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Peter Friberg
Lancet, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
The multiple and overlapping crises faced by countries, regions, and the world appear unprecedented in their magnitude and complexity. Protracted conflicts continue and new ones emerge, fuelled by geopolitics and social, political, and economic pressures. The legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic uncertainty, climatic events ranging from droughts to fires to cyclones, and rising food insecurity add to these pressures. These crises have exposed the inadequacy of national and global leadership and governance structures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMariana M. S. Santos, Isabel J. Pereira, Nelson Cuboia, Joana Reis-Pardal, Diana Adrião, Teresa Cardoso, Irene Aragão, Lurdes Santos, António Sarmento, Regis G. Rosa, Cristina Granja, Cassiano Teixeira, Luís Azevedo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
by Mariana M. S. Santos, Isabel J. Pereira, Nelson Cuboia, Joana Reis-Pardal, Diana Adrião, Teresa Cardoso, Irene Aragão, Lurdes Santos, António Sarmento, Regis G. Rosa, Cristina Granja, Cassiano Teixeira, Luís Azevedo Background To mitigate mortality among critically ill COVID-19 patients, both during their Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay and following ICU discharge, it is crucial to measure its frequency, identify predictors and to establish an appropriate post-ICU follow-up strategy. Methods In this multicentre, prospective cohort study, we included 586 critically ill COVID-19 patients. Results We observed an overall ICU mortality of 20.1% [95%CI: 17.1% to 23.6%] (118/586) and an overall hospital mortality of 25.4% [95%CI: 22.1% to 29.1%] (149/586). For ICU survivors, 30 days (early) post-ICU mortality was 5.3% [95%CI: 3.6% to 7.8%] (25/468) and one-year (late) post-ICU mortality was 7.9% [95%CI: 5.8% to 10.8%] (37/468). Pre-existing conditions/comorbidities were identified as the main independent predictors of mortality after ICU discharge: hypertension and heart failure were independent predictors of early mortality; and hypertension, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer were independent predictors of late mortality. Conclusion Early and late post-ICU mortality exhibited an initial surge (in the first 30 days post-ICU) followed by a subsequent decline over time. Close monitoring of critically ill COVID-19 post-ICU survivors, especially those with pre-existing conditions, is crucial to prevent adverse outcomes, reduce mortality and to establish an appropriate follow-up strategy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJae-Mahn Shim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2023
Tilføjet 3.11.2023
by Jae-Mahn Shim South Koreans are susceptible to the medical face mask against the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, their mask practices are intriguingly laden with contradictions and inconsistencies. This study accounts for this puzzle by expanding two sociological frontiers: the sociology of action (i.e., action theory of agency and individuality) and the sociology of the mask. Drawing on action theory, it stresses that contradictions and inconsistencies reveal the nature of individuals as social individuals and develops a typology of social individuals during the current pandemic (i.e., atomists, collectivists, and dualists). For mask sociology, it amplifies that any mask practices are conceptualized as a masquerade involving multiple elements for individuality and proposes a theory of mask multivocality that appreciates the ways in which masquerade the social drama becomes concretized. With this two-pronged conceptual innovation, it first demonstrates a patterned relationship between social individuals and mask multivocality. Dualists take more voices from the mask than atomists or collectivists. Dualists take the most contradictory voices as well. Second, it shows that Koreans who take more meanings from the mask reveal not only more vulnerability but more transformative power amid the current pandemic. Demonstrating the promise of mask sociology for the action theory of individuality, it ultimately argues that individuals as social performers often reveal themselves as mask-wearers who become as transformative as they are vulnerable. While this model is founded upon the recent pandemic, it ramifies in political and cultural events that various face coverings accompany.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedde Miranda, K. G., Rodrigues da Silva, I. C., Fonseca, R. M. A. M., Gallassi, A. D.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyse the relationship and psychosocial issues between working during the COVID-19 pandemic in primary healthcare (PHC) facilities located in the most vulnerable health region (HR) of the Federal District of Brazil (FDB) compared with a lesser region. DesignMixed-method study data. The questionnaire was based on the World Health Survey and the Convid Behavioural Survey. Quantitative data were described in absolute and relative frequency. Pearson’s 2 test verified differences according to the region (significance level
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Abstract Background Understanding community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) is critical for disease control in the post pandemic era. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) emerged in late 2020 and became the dominant VOC globally in the summer of 2021. While the epidemiological features of the Delta variant have been extensively studied, how those characteristics shaped community transmission in urban settings remains poorly understood. Methods Using high-resolution contact tracing data and testing records, we analyze the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during the Delta wave within New York City (NYC) from May 2021 to October 2021. We reconstruct transmission networks at the individual level and across 177 ZIP code areas, examine network structure and spatial spread patterns, and use statistical analysis to estimate the effects of factors associated with COVID-19 spread. Results We find considerable individual variations in reported contacts and secondary infections, consistent with the pre-Delta period. Compared with earlier waves, Delta-period has more frequent long-range transmission events across ZIP codes. Using socioeconomic, mobility and COVID-19 surveillance data at the ZIP code level, we find that a larger number of cumulative cases in a ZIP code area is associated with reduced within- and cross-ZIP code transmission and the number of visitors to each ZIP code is positively associated with the number of non-household infections identified through contact tracing and testing. Conclusions The Delta variant produced greater long-range spatial transmission across NYC ZIP code areas, likely caused by its increased transmissibility and elevated human mobility during the study period. Our findings highlight the potential role of population immunity in reducing transmission of VOCs. Quantifying variability of immunity is critical for identifying subpopulations susceptible to future VOCs. In addition, non-pharmaceutical interventions limiting human mobility likely reduced SARS-CoV-2 spread over successive pandemic waves and should be encouraged for reducing transmission of future VOCs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMallhi Tauqeer, Khan Yusra Habib, Salman Muhammad, Butt Muhammad Hammad
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, the term Coronavirus referred primarily to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the Arab world. The MERS-CoV was first identified in a 60-year-old male who died of respiratory distress and renal failure in June 2012, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia [1]. Recent estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that the infection has spread to 27 countries, including all six WHO regions. As of 29 August 2023, WHO had received reports of 2605 cases, the majority of which (n=2196; 84%) were from Saudi Arabia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCornelisse, Vincent J.; Murphy, Dean; Lee, Sue J.; Stoove, Mark; Traeger, Michael W.; Wright, Edwina J.
AIDS, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Introduction: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing HIV. We aimed to assess mental and physical health among long-term PrEP users in Australia\'s X-PLORE cohort. Methods: In early 2021, 1,485 X-PLORE participants were emailed a survey covering demographics, sexual practices, ongoing PrEP use, physical and psychological diagnoses received since commencing PrEP, substance use, and impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Current anxiety and depression were assessed using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 questionnaires. Results: Of 476 participants (completion rate 32.1%), 99.8% were cis-gender men. Median PrEP use duration was 48 months (2,002 person-years), with 81.7% currently using PrEP. PrEP-related toxicity was uncommon: 2.9% reported bone fractures, 1.3% low bone density, and 4.0% reported kidney problems, largely not necessitating PrEP cessation. Most (92.0%) rated their health as “good” to “excellent”, and 22.6% reported improved health since starting PrEP, often due to improved mental health. Only 6.2% reported deterioration in health since starting PrEP, largely unrelated to PrEP. The most common diagnoses were hypertension (9.9%), depression (13.2%) and anxiety (14.9%); 17.0% had PHQ-9 scores indicating current moderate-to-severe depression, which was associated with unemployment (aOR 3.90), regular cannabis use (aOR 2.49), and having ceased PrEP (aOR 2.13). Conclusions: Among long-term PrEP users, of which over 80% were currently using PrEP, self-reported PrEP toxicity was uncommon. With almost one in five PrEP users categorised as having depression, and with higher risk among those having ceased PrEP, we recommend routine screening for depression and anxiety in PrEP users and corresponding follow-up of patients no longer attending for PrEP. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaul Adepoju
The Lancet Microbe, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
While announcing that COVID-19 was no longer a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the virus is “still killing, and it\'s still changing”. He urged countries to transition from emergency mode to managing COVID-19 alongside other infectious diseases. But at the frontline and in global health boardrooms, there are concerns that the end of the PHEIC could negatively affect COVID-19 vaccination efforts in Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaheshi N Ramasamy, Elizabeth J Kelly, Seth Seegobin, Paul I Dargan, Ruth Payne, Vincenzo Libri, Matthew Adam, Parvinder K Aley, Nuria Martinez-Alier, Alison Church, Brett Jepson, Mark Khan, Sam Matthews, G Todd Townsend, Johan Vekemans, Sagida Bibi, Phillip A Swanson, Teresa Lambe, Menelas N Pangalos, Tonya Villafana, Andrew J Pollard, Justin A Green, AZD2816 Study Group
The Lancet Microbe, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Both boosters were well tolerated, with immunogenicity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 similar to AZD1222 primary-series vaccination. AZD2816 gave greater immune responses against beta versus AZD1222.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEva Stadler, Khai Li Chai, Timothy E Schlub, Deborah Cromer, Shanchita R Khan, Mark N Polizzotto, Stephen J Kent, Claire Beecher, Heath White, Tari Turner, Nicole Skoetz, Lise Estcourt, Zoe K McQuilten, Erica M Wood, David S Khoury, Miles P Davenport
The Lancet Microbe, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
Early administration before hospitalisation and sufficient doses of passive antibody therapy are crucial to achieving high efficacy in preventing clinical progression. The relationship between dose and efficacy provides a framework for the rational assessment of future passive antibody prophylaxis and treatment strategies for COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMitima Jean-Marie Limenyande, Joyce Owens Kobusingye, Tonny Tindyebwa, Dorothy Akongo, John Bosco Isunju, David Musoke
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
by Mitima Jean-Marie Limenyande, Joyce Owens Kobusingye, Tonny Tindyebwa, Dorothy Akongo, John Bosco Isunju, David Musoke Background In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic that originated from China in December 2019 and spread around the world, Kampala City witnessed a high number of infections and deaths among healthcare workers (HCWs). This study assessed the level of compliance with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures and its associated factors among HCWs during the COVID-19 pandemic, in Kampala City, Uganda. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted in Nakawa Division, Kampala City, among 240 HCWs and used multistage sampling in government and private not-for-profit (PNFP) healthcare facilities. The outcome variable was self-reported IPC compliance which was composed of the use of masks, gloves, and hand hygiene. These were assessed using a 4-scale tool: always as recommended, most of the time, occasionally, and rarely. Only HCWs who responded “always as recommended” were considered compliant while the rest were considered non-compliant. Data was analyzed in STATA 14.0 using Modified Poisson regression to obtain factors associated with IPC compliance at 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Forty-six (19.2%) respondents were compliant with all the three IPC measures, and this was associated with the presence of a COVID-19 patients’ ward in the healthcare facility (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio, APR: 2.51, 95%CI: 1.24–5.07). Factors associated with the use of masks were being of the Muslim religion (APR: 1.31, CI: 1.05–1.65), and working in a healthcare facility that has COVID-19 patients’ ward (APR: 1.29, CI: 1.06–1.59). Factors associated with the use of gloves were the age of the HCW, those above 40 years old being less complaint (APR: 0.47, CI: 0.24–0.93), working in the diagnosis department (APR: 2.08, CI: 1.17–3.70), and working in a healthcare facility that has COVID-19 patients’ ward (APR: 1.73, CI: 1.13–2.64). Factors associated with hand hygiene were working in a health center (HC) IV (PR: 1.7, CI: 1.26–2.30) or a HC II (PR: 1.68, CI: 1.28–2.21). Conclusion Considering the elevated risk of disease transmission in health settings, IPC compliance was low; indicating an increased risk of COVID-19 infection among health care workers in Kampala City.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDirghayu K. C., Namuna Shrestha, Rachana Shrestha, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Anil Poudyal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2023
Tilføjet 2.11.2023
by Dirghayu K. C., Namuna Shrestha, Rachana Shrestha, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Anil Poudyal Background The COVID-19 pandemic led to surging concerns about food insecurity status throughout the world. In response to global and national concerns on food and nutrition security, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and determining factors of household food insecurity and dietary diversity among people from selected rural municipalities of Lalitpur district, Nepal. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 432 households. Pretested structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, household income; influence of COVID-19 on their income and livelihood, household’s access to food and dietary diversity. Food insecurity was measured using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). A multivariable analysis was done using binary logistic regression model following a bivariate analysis to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables. Results More than one-third (36%) of the households reported some form of food insecurity. The overall mean score for Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was 6.0 (±1.1). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that participants aged 41–64 years (aOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.21–0.59), those over 64 years (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.07–0.66), as well as those in service occupation (aOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.06–0.77) were associated with lower odds of HFIAS. Conversely, Participants belonging to a disadvantaged ethnic group (aOR = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.23–6.07), having no education (aOR = 3.70, 95% CI: 1.16–11.71) or primary education (aOR = 3.67, 95% CI: 1.23–9.89), and those suffering from chronic illness (aOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.53–6.35) were associated with higher odds of HFIAS. As for HDDS, participants aged 41–64 years (aOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.28–0.83) were associated with lower odds of HDDS, while participants having no education (aOR = 10.05, 95% CI: 4.05–24.01) were associated with significantly higher odds of HDDS. Conclusion Owing to the pandemic, our study showed a substantial prevalence of food insecurity among diverse community residing in rural outskirts of Kathmandu Valley, particularly among disadvantaged ethnic group and people with lower level of education. Interventions targeting these particular groups may help in improving HFIAS and HDDS among them during emergencies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedUkai, T., Tabuchi, T.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesWe examined the association between social isolation and loneliness, increasingly recognised but neglected social determinants of health, with being unvaccinated against COVID-19. DesignThis was a cross-sectional study. Setting and participantsA representative cohort of 22 756 individuals (aged 15–81 years) from the general Japanese population who responded to both the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey 2021 and Japan Society and New Tobacco Internet Survey 2022. Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe calculated the ORs of remaining unvaccinated against COVID-19 in 2022, attributable to social isolation as assessed by the Lubben Social Network Scale, or loneliness as evaluated by the University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale version 3. Reasons for abstaining from vaccination were solicited from the unvaccinated respondents. A multivariable logistic regression model was conducted with adjustments for demographic variables. Propensity score-matched comparisons were conducted as part of the sensitivity analysis. ResultsIndividuals with social isolation were more likely to be unvaccinated (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.60), while individuals with loneliness were not (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.05). Socially isolated individuals were significantly less likely to receive information from people who had been vaccinated (11% vs 15%) and less likely not to trust the vaccine approval process (19% vs 27%) compared with those who were not socially isolated. ConclusionsDespite not harbouring negative perceptions of the vaccine, socially isolated individuals exhibited lower rates of COVID-19 vaccination. Socially isolated individuals are important targets to reach to increase the number of vaccinated individuals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMoin, J. S., Vigod, S. N., Plumptre, L., Troke, N., Asaria, M., Papanicolas, I., Wodchis, W. P., Brail, S., Anderson, G.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThe pandemic and public health response to contain the virus had impacts on many aspects of young people’s lives including disruptions to daily routines, opportunities for social, academic, recreational engagement and early employment. Consequently, children, adolescents and young adults may have experienced mental health challenges that required use of mental health services. This study compared rates of use for inpatient and outpatient mental health services during the pandemic to pre-pandemic rates. DesignPopulation-based repeated cross-sectional study. SettingPublicly delivered mental healthcare in primary and secondary settings within the province of Ontario, Canada. ParticipantsAll children 6–12 years of age (n=2 043 977), adolescents 13–17 years (n=1 708 754) and young adults 18–24 years (n=2 286 544), living in Ontario and eligible for provincial health insurance between March 2016 and November 2021. Primary outcome measuresOutpatient mental health visits to family physicians and psychiatrists for: mood and anxiety disorders, alcohol and substance abuse disorders, other non-psychotic mental health disorders and social problems. Inpatient mental health visits to emergency departments and hospitalisations for: substance-related and addictive disorders, anxiety disorders, assault-related injuries, deliberate self-harm and eating disorders. All outcomes were analysed by cohort and sex. ResultsDuring the pandemic, observed outpatient visit rates were higher among young adults by 19.01% (95% CI: 15.56% to 22.37%; 209 vs 175 per 1000) and adolescent women 24.17% (95% CI: 18.93% to 29.15%; 131 vs 105 per 1000) for mood and anxiety disorders and remained higher than expected. Female adolescents had higher than expected usage of inpatient care for deliberate self-harm, eating disorders and assault-related injuries. ConclusionsStudy results raise concerns over prolonged high rates of mental health use during the pandemic, particularly in female adolescents and young women, and highlights the need to better monitor and identify mental health outcomes associated with COVID-19 containment measures and to develop policies to address these concerns.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoncic, G., Jain, M., Chattu, V. K., Gohar, B., Nowrouzi-Kia, B.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the overall and specific aspects of the functioning of medical laboratory professionals (MLPs) in Ontario, Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignA cross-sectional analysis where a questionnaire was used to assess the mental status of MLPs. SettingAn online questionnaire administered in Ontario, Canada. Participants632 MLPs (medical laboratory technologists, technicians and assistants) were included. Main outcome measuresWe employed the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule V.2.0 (WHODAS V.2.0) Questionnaire to assess functioning/disability and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, third edition for psychosocial workplace factors. Multiple regression analysis examined the relationship between overall and specific domain functioning scores and psychosocial workplace factors. ResultsOf the total 632 participants, the majority were female gender and Caucasian. It was found that health (β=2.25, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCherry, N., Adisesh, A., Burstyn, I., Durand-Moreau, Q., Galarneau, J.-M., Labreche, F., Ruzycki, S. M., Zadunayski, T.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
PurposeHealthcare workers were recruited early in 2020 to chart effects on their health as the COVID-19 pandemic evolved. The aim was to identify modifiable workplace risk factors for infection and mental ill health. ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from four Canadian provinces, physicians (medical doctors, MDs) in Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec, registered nurses (RNs), licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and healthcare aides (HCAs) in Alberta and personal support workers (PSWs) in Ontario. Volunteers gave blood for serology testing before and after vaccination. Cases with COVID-19 were matched with up to four referents in a nested case-referent study. Findings to dateOverall, 4964/5130 (97%) of those recruited joined the longitudinal cohort: 1442 MDs, 3136 RNs, 71 LPNs, 235 PSWs, 80 HCAs. Overall, 3812 (77%) were from Alberta. Prepandemic risk factors for mental ill health and respiratory illness differed markedly by occupation. Participants completed questionnaires at recruitment, fall 2020, spring 2021, spring 2022. By 2022, 4837 remained in the cohort (127 had retired, moved away or died), for a response rate of 89% (4299/4837). 4567/4964 (92%) received at least one vaccine shot: 2752/4567 (60%) gave postvaccine blood samples. Ease of accessing blood collection sites was a strong determinant of participation. Among 533 cases and 1697 referents recruited to the nested case-referent study, risk of infection at work decreased with widespread vaccination. Future plansSerology results (concentration of IgG) together with demographic data will be entered into the publicly accessible database compiled by the Canadian Immunology Task Force. Linkage with provincial administrative health databases will permit case validation, investigation of longer-term sequelae of infection and comparison with community controls. Analysis of the existing dataset will concentrate on effects on IgG of medical condition, medications and stage of pregnancy, and the role of occupational exposures and supports on mental health during the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhang, X., Guan, C., He, J., Wang, J.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
IntroductionLong-term care needs for people with dementia are predicted to increase due to increased life expectancy and dementia diagnoses. Most published meta- syntheses of dementia care focus on hospitals or home settings. When focusing on long-term care facilities, most reviews about dementia care only focus on a single outcome, such as feeding, behavioural symptoms management, palliative care and others, which is limited. The present study aims to synthesise qualitative data and examine barriers and facilitators to caring for people with dementia in long-term care facilities. Methods and analysisThis is the protocol for our systematic review and meta-synthesis, which describes the design of this study, and we plan to complete the study from October 2023 to November 2024. The systematic review and meta-synthesis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence. Nine databases (five English and four Chinese) were searched, including Embase, Web of Science, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Wan Fang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Medicine, from inception to August 2023. Qualitative and mixed-approach research about barriers and facilitators to caring for people with dementia in long-term care facilities, which are reported in English or Chinese, will be included. Covidence software will help with study selection, assessment and data extraction. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research (2020) will be used for included studies’ quality assessment. Data extraction will be based on the JBI Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument Data Extraction Tool for Qualitative Research. The JBI aggregation approach will be used to synthesise data. We will use the JBI ConQual tool to assess the credibility and dependability of each synthesised finding to establish confidence in the synthesised findings. All review steps will be managed by two reviewers independently, and disparities will be discussed. If consensus cannot reach a resolution, a third reviewer will be consulted. Ethics and disseminationThe present study is a secondary analysis of published qualitative data. So ethical approval is not required. The findings may be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference papers or elsewhere. PROSPERO registration numberThe protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) in May 2022, and the registration number is CRD42022326178.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 109 Issue: 5 Pages: 1205-1206
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Variation in immune response to COVID-19 vaccines is observed among different ethnicities. We aimed to describe the reinfection rates, change in antibody titers, and adverse events among Filipinos. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 307 participants within one year of having COVID-19 infection. We measured COVID-19 antibody levels at pre-determined timepoints (Days 21, 90, 180, 270, and 360 from initial infection). We monitored for COVID-19 symptoms and obtained details on COVID-19 vaccination. An adjudication committee classified the participants as probable, possible, or unlikely COVID-19 reinfection. We determined the probable reinfection rate, adverse events, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) ratio of pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels according to type and brand of COVID-19 vaccine. Results At the end of the follow-up period, 287 (93.5%) out of 307 study participants were fully vaccinated, 1 was partially vaccinated (0.3%), and 19 were unvaccinated (6.2%). Among the fully vaccinated participants, those given mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate (19.2 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 9.6, 38.4), followed by viral vector vaccines (29.8 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 16.9, 52.4). We observed the highest reinfection rate among those given inactivated virus vaccines (32.7 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 23.6, 45.3). The reinfection rate was 8.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 4.1, 17.9) for unvaccinated participants and 3.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 0.5, 25.3) for partially vaccinated participants. We observed the largest rise in antibody titers among those given mRNA vaccines (GMT ratio 288.5), and the smallest rise among those given inactivated virus vaccines (GMT ratio 16.7). We observed the highest percentage of adverse events following immunization with viral vector vaccines (63.8%), followed by mRNA vaccines (62.7%), and the lowest for inactivated virus vaccines (34.7%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Vaccinees given the mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate and the highest rise in antibody titers. Vaccinees given inactivated virus vaccines had the highest reinfection rate, smallest rise in antibody titers, and lowest percentage of adverse events. The small sample size and imbalanced distribution of the type of vaccines received limits the external generalizability of our results. Study Registration The cohort study was registered at the Philippine Health Research Registry on December 14, 2020 (PHRR201214-003199).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. Methods We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. Results Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624–655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4–8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10–49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. Conclusions The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Variation in immune response to COVID-19 vaccines is observed among different ethnicities. We aimed to describe the reinfection rates, change in antibody titers, and adverse events among Filipinos. Methods This is a secondary analysis of a cohort study of 307 participants within one year of having COVID-19 infection. We measured COVID-19 antibody levels at pre-determined timepoints (Days 21, 90, 180, 270, and 360 from initial infection). We monitored for COVID-19 symptoms and obtained details on COVID-19 vaccination. An adjudication committee classified the participants as probable, possible, or unlikely COVID-19 reinfection. We determined the probable reinfection rate, adverse events, and the geometric mean titer (GMT) ratio of pre- and post-vaccination antibody levels according to type and brand of COVID-19 vaccine. Results At the end of the follow-up period, 287 (93.5%) out of 307 study participants were fully vaccinated, 1 was partially vaccinated (0.3%), and 19 were unvaccinated (6.2%). Among the fully vaccinated participants, those given mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate (19.2 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 9.6, 38.4), followed by viral vector vaccines (29.8 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 16.9, 52.4). We observed the highest reinfection rate among those given inactivated virus vaccines (32.7 cases/100 person-years, 95% CI 23.6, 45.3). The reinfection rate was 8.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 4.1, 17.9) for unvaccinated participants and 3.6 cases/100 person-years (95% CI 0.5, 25.3) for partially vaccinated participants. We observed the largest rise in antibody titers among those given mRNA vaccines (GMT ratio 288.5), and the smallest rise among those given inactivated virus vaccines (GMT ratio 16.7). We observed the highest percentage of adverse events following immunization with viral vector vaccines (63.8%), followed by mRNA vaccines (62.7%), and the lowest for inactivated virus vaccines (34.7%). No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Vaccinees given the mRNA vaccines had the lowest reinfection rate and the highest rise in antibody titers. Vaccinees given inactivated virus vaccines had the highest reinfection rate, smallest rise in antibody titers, and lowest percentage of adverse events. The small sample size and imbalanced distribution of the type of vaccines received limits the external generalizability of our results. Study Registration The cohort study was registered at the Philippine Health Research Registry on December 14, 2020 (PHRR201214-003199).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Background Many countries, including high-income nations, struggled to control epidemic waves caused by the Omicron variant (B.1.1.529), which had an antigenically distinct evolution. Evaluating the direct and indirect effects of vaccination during the Omicron waves is essential to assess virus control policies. The present study assessed the population impacts of a vaccination program during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2 from January to May 2022, in Tokyo. Methods We analyzed the primary series and booster vaccination coverages and the confirmed cases stratified by vaccination history. We estimated the number of COVID-19 cases that were directly and indirectly prevented by vaccination. To estimate the direct impact, we used a statistical model that compared risks between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. A transmission model employing the renewal process was devised to quantify the total effect, given as the sum of the direct and indirect effects. Results Assuming that the reporting coverage of cases was 25%, mass vaccination programs, including primary and booster immunizations, directly averted 640,000 COVID-19 cases (95% confidence interval: 624–655). Furthermore, these programs directly and indirectly prevented 8.5 million infections (95% confidence interval: 8.4–8.6). Hypothetical scenarios indicated that we could have expected a 19% or 7% relative reduction in the number of infections, respectively, compared with the observed number of infections, if the booster coverage had been equivalent to that of the second dose or if coverage among people aged 10–49 years had been 10% higher. If the third dose coverage was smaller and comparable to that of the fourth dose, the total number of infections would have increased by 52% compared with the observed number of infections. Conclusions The population benefit of vaccination via direct and indirect effects was substantial, with an estimated 65% reduction in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with counterfactual (without vaccination) in Tokyo during the sixth wave caused by BA.1 and BA.2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 31 October 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Dustin T. Hill, Mohammed A. Alazawi, E. Joe Moran, Lydia J. Bennett, Ian Bradley, Mary B. Collins, Christopher J. Gobler, Hyatt Green, Tabassum Z. Insaf, Brittany Kmush, Dana Neigel, Shailla Raymond, Mian Wang, Yinyin Ye, David A. Larsen
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRhys, G. H., Wakeling, T., Moore, J. P., Subbe, C. P.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesWe aimed to identify exercise tests that have been validated to support a safe discharge to home in patients with or without COVID-19. Study designScoping review, using PRISMA-ScR reporting standards. Medline, PubMed, AMED, Embase, CINAHL and LitCovid databases were searched between 16 and 22 February 2021, with studies included from any publication date up to and including the search date. InterventionShort exercise tests. Primary outcome measuresSafe discharge from hospital, readmission rate, length of hospital stay, mortality. Secondary outcomes measures: safety, feasibility and reliability. ResultsOf 1612 original records screened, 19 studies were included in the analysis. These used a variety of exercise tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, suspected pulmonary embolism and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, heart failure or critical illness. Only six studies had examined patients with COVID-19, of these two were still recruiting to evaluate the 1 min sit-to-stand test and the 40-steps test. There was heterogeneity in patient populations, tests used and outcome measures. Few exercise tests have been validated to support discharge decisions. There is currently no support for short exercise tests for triage of care in patients with COVID-19. ConclusionsFurther research is needed to aid clinical decision-making at discharge from hospital.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFan, X., Du, J., Yu, H., Xu, Q., Weng, X., Gou, Y., Si, Y.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
BackgroundDue to the COVID-19 epidemic, Chinese hospitals are forced to impose stringent regulations, which unavoidably affect patients with stroke who need continued rehabilitation and long-term disease treatment. However, there is a lack of qualitative studies in the literature on female relative caregivers of hospitalised patients who had a stroke with dysphagia during the COVID-19 pandemic. ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to explore the experiences of female Chinese caregivers living in the hospital with patients with post-stroke dysphagia during the pandemic. DesignWe conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Setting(s)From May 2022 to July 2022, patients were selected from the Acupuncture and Moxibustion Ward and the Encephalopathy Ward of Shenzhen Chinese Medicine Hospital, which receives patients from across the country. Participants10 Chinese women who were caregivers of patients with post-stroke dysphagia were finally interviewed. MethodsInterviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Colaizzi’s approach. ResultsThe primary theme was determined to be ‘kidnapped’ lives. Other sub-themes evolved to depict the lives of female relative caregivers, including inevitable tasks and challenges, precise care, a special dietary pattern, solitary and forgotten, and an elusive future. Due to the trivial nature of caring for patients who had a stroke with dysphagia, the caregivers’ lives were tightly organised and entirely dictated by the patient’s caring needs. Consequently, the caregivers felt that their lives had been kidnapped. ConclusionsIt is imperative that healthcare workers identify and understand the living conditions of female relative caregivers in the hospital, so as to determine their difficulties and needs. Finally, caregivers deserve adequate and effective support, such as technical support, financial support and nutritional guidance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBhattacharya, P., John, D., Mukherjee, N., MS, N., Menon, J., Banerjee, A.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThe state of West Bengal witnessed a significant surge of COVID-19 in all three waves. However, there is a gap in understanding the economic loss associated with COVID-19. This study estimates future non-health gross domestic product (NHGDP) losses associated with COVID-19 deaths in West Bengal, India. SettingVarious open domains were used to gather data on COVID-19 deaths in West Bengal and the aforementioned estimates. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe NHGDP losses were evaluated using the cost-of-illness approach. Future NHGDP losses were discounted at 3%. Excess death estimates by the WHO and Global Burden of Disease (GBD) were used. Sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying discount rates and average age of death (AAD). Results21 532 deaths in West Bengal from 17 March 2020 to 31 December 2022 decreased the future NHGDP by $0.92 billion. Nearly 90% of loss was due to deaths occurring in the age group of 30 years and above. Majority of the NHGDP loss was borne by the 46–60 years age group. NHGDP loss/death was $55,171; however, the average loss/death declined with rise in age. Based on the GBD and WHO excess death estimates, the NHGDP loss increased to $9.38 billion and $9.42 billion, respectively. When the lower age interval is considered as AAD, the NHGDP loss increased to $1.3 billion. At 5% and 10% discount rates, the losses reduced to $0.767 billion and $0.549 billion, respectively. ConclusionsResults from the study suggest that COVID-19 contributed to a major economic loss in West Bengal. The mortality and morbidity caused by COVID-19, the substantial economic costs at individual and population levels in West Bengal, and probably across India and other countries, is another economic argument for better infection control strategies across the globe to minimise the impact of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVardavas, C., Zisis, K., Nikitara, K., Lagou, I., Marou, V., Aslanoglou, K., Athanasakis, K., Phalkey, R., Leonardi-Bee, J., Fernandez, E., Condell, O., Lamb, F., Sandmann, F., Pharris, A., Deogan, C., Suk, J. E.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
ObjectivesThe economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic is substantial, with both direct and indirect costs playing a significant role. DesignA systematic literature review was conducted to estimate the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical or non-pharmaceutical interventions. All cost data were adjusted to the 2021 Euro, and interventions compared with null. Data sourcesOvid MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from January 2020 through 22 April 2021. Eligibility criteriaStudies regarding COVID-19 outbreak or public health preparedness measures or interventions with outcome measures related to the direct and indirect costs for disease and preparedness and/or response in countries of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area (EEA), the UK and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) of all relevant epidemiological designs which estimate cost within the selected time frame were considered eligible. Data extraction and synthesisStudies were searched, screened and coded independently by two reviewers with high measure of inter-rater agreement. Data were extracted to a predefined data extraction sheet. The risk of bias was assessed using the Consensus on Health Economic Criteria checklist. ResultsWe included data from 41 economic studies. Ten studies evaluated the cost of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 31 assessed the cost-benefit of public health surveillance, preparedness and response measures. Overall, the economic burden of the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be substantial. Community screening, bed provision policies, investing in personal-protective-equipment and vaccination strategies were cost-effective. Physical distancing measures were associated with health benefits; however, their cost-effectiveness was dependent on the duration, compliance and the phase of the epidemic in which it was implemented. ConclusionsCOVID-19 pandemic is associated with substantial short-term and long-term economic costs to healthcare systems, payers and societies, while interventions including testing and screening policies, vaccination and physical distancing policies were identified as those presenting cost-effective options to deal with the pandemic, dependent on population vaccination and the Re at the stage of the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKeeshan, A., Galipeau, Y., Heiskanen, A., Collins, E., McCluskie, P. S., Arnold, C., Saginur, R., Booth, R., Little, J., McGuinty, M., Buchan, C. A., Crawley, A., Langlois, M.-A., Cooper, C.
BMJ Open, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
BackgroundPredictors of COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and the influence of prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection require elucidation. MethodsStop the Spread Ottawa is a prospective cohort of individuals at-risk for or who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, initially enrolled for 10 months beginning October 2020. This cohort was enriched for public-facing workers. This analysis focuses on safety and immunogenicity of the initial two doses of COVID-19 vaccine. ResultsPost-vaccination data with blood specimens were available for 930 participants. 22.8% were SARS-CoV2 infected prior to the first vaccine dose. Cohort characteristics include: median age 44 (IQR: 22–56), 66.6% women, 89.0% white, 83.2% employed. 38.1% reported two or more comorbidities and 30.8% reported immune compromising condition(s). Over 95% had detectable IgG levels against the spike and receptor binding domain (RBD) 3 months post second vaccine dose. By multivariable analysis, increasing age and high-level immune compromise predicted diminishing IgG spike and RBD titres at month 3 post second dose. IgG spike and RBD titres were higher immediately post vaccination in those with SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination and spike titres were higher at 6 months in those with wider time intervals between dose 1 and 2. IgG spike and RBD titres and neutralisation were generally similar by sex, weight and whether receiving homogeneous or heterogeneous combinations of vaccines. Common symptoms post dose 1 vaccine included fatigue (64.7%), injection site pain (47.5%), headache (27.2%), fever/chills (26.2%) and body aches (25.3%). These symptoms were similar with subsequent doses. ConclusionThe initial two COVID-19 vaccine doses are safe, well-tolerated and highly immunogenic across a broad spectrum of vaccine recipients including those working in public facing environments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.11.2023
Tilføjet 1.11.2023
Abstract Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused significant economic damage and forced a slew of limitations to be placed by regulatory bodies worldwide. As the SARS-CoV-2 virus continuously mutates over time, it’s crucial to understand how well the vaccines are effective against a new variant. Objectives To measure COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against ICU admission with the Omicron variant in Saudi Arabia regions. Methods and materials A retrospective cohort study was conducted of vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals who tested positive during Omicron dominant period (Jan 1, 2020- Jun 11, 2022). We used a Cox proportional hazards model based on calendar time to assess the vaccine’s effectiveness while controlling for age and gender. Results A total of 14103 individuals who were divided into fully vaccinated included 8388 (59.5%) individuals, partially vaccinated included 1851 (13.5%) individuals, and un-vaccinated included 3864 (27.4%) individuals. Higher age was associated with a higher risk of ICU admission (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.04). Three doses are associated with a lower risk of ICU admission compared to the single dose (HR = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.20). By studying the distribution of Omicron infection among different regions, Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah had the highest proportion at 60.23 per 100,000 population (95% CI: 57.05, 63.53). In contrast, Al-jouf had the lowest proportion at 4.51 per 100,000 population (95%CI: 2.891, 6.713). The vaccination status was significantly different in different regions, as the highest proportion of fully vaccinated participants inhabited in Tabouk region, with 71.8% of its cases. Out of all regions, Najran had the highest proportion of ICU admission among Omicron cases with 20% (95% CI: 9.94%, 34.22%). While the lowest rates existed in Riyadh with 0.86% (95%CI: 0.61%, 1.17%). Conclusion We found that a booster significantly enhanced protection against severe COVID-19. The partially vaccinated and unvaccinated participants were at significantly higher risk of ICU admission when compared to the fully vaccinated participants. Furthermore, in future, it is worth investigating the effectiveness of a booster when other potential factors (e.g., region, comorbidities, etc.) are included, particularly among future variants of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmnuay Kleebayoon; Viroj Wiwanitkit;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Konstantinos Karampatsas; Asma Khalil; Paul T. Heath; Kirsty Le Doare; Shamez N. Ladhani;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Haokun Tian; Changsen Yang; Tiangang Song; Kechen Zhou; Lequan Wen; Ye Tian; Lirui Tang; Weikai Xu; Xinyuan Zhang;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Our study is aimed to access the efficacy and safety outcomes for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients treated with Paxlovid. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, databases were used to retrieve articles from 1 January 2020 to 1 January 2023. Article screening, quality evaluation and data extraction were completed and cross‐checked. The meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) were conducted using RevMan, StataMP, and TSA software. A total of 42 original articles were included. Overall meta‐analysis results showed that for death, hospitalisation, death or hospitalisation, emergency department (ED) visit, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and extra oxygen requirement outcomes, every odds ratio (OR) was 0.05. For adverse events (AEs) outcome, the OR was >1 and
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSana Zulfiqar; Robin B. Gasser; Sahar Ghodsian; Mustafa Almukhtar; Celia Holland; Ali Rostami;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
The COVID‐19 pandemic linked to the virus SARS‐CoV‐2, which began in China, affected ∼765 million people as of 30 April 2023. The widespread use of corticosteroids for the symptomatic treatment of COVID‐19 could lead to the reactivation of infections of opportunistic pathogens, including . We sought to determine the clinical symptoms and demographic characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2– co‐infection, particularly in patients with severe disease and being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. To do this, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, and searched public accessible scientific databases—the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline and Embase –for eligible studies (1 December 2019 to 30 August 2022). The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022377062). Descriptive statistical analyses were used to present the clinical and laboratory parameters of the co‐infection; for this, we calculated prevalence using the following formula: positive cases/total number of cases × 100. Of a total of 593 studies identified, 17 studies reporting 26 co‐infected patients met the criteria for inclusion in this review. The median age of these patients was 55.14 years. Most of cases (53.8%) were treated with dexamethasone, followed by methylprednisolone (26.9%). Eighteen of 26 patients were immigrants living in European countries or the USA; most of these immigrants originated from Latin America (58%) and South‐East Asia (11%). The commonest symptoms of co‐infection were abdominal pain (50%), fever (46.1%), dyspnoea (30.7%) and cough (30.7%), and frequently reported laboratory findings were high absolute eosinophil count (38.4%), high white blood cell count (30.7%), high C‐reactive protein (23.0%) and high neutrophil count (19.2%). Two of the 26 patients (7.7%) had fatal outcomes. Most of the SARS‐CoV‐2– coinfected cases were immigrants living in developed countries, emphasising the need for clinicians in these countries to be aware of clinical and laboratory parameters associated with such co‐infections, as well as the key importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic tests for timely and effective diagnosis and patient management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedN. Aravind Kumar; S. Aradhana; Harleen; M. R. Vishnuraj;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Studies related to clinical diagnosis and research of SARS‐CoV‐2 are important in the current pandemic era. Although molecular biology has emphasised the importance of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis with nucleic acids in relation to SARS‐CoV‐2 needs to be clearly emphasised, which can provide perspective for viral dynamic studies of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this regard, the requirement and utilization of digital PCR in COVID‐19 research has substantially increased during the pandemic, necessitating the aggregation of its cardinal applications and future scopes. Hence, this meta‐review comprehensively addresses and emphasises the importance of nucleic acid quantification of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA with digital PCR (dPCR). Various quantitative techniques of clinical significance like immunological, proteomic and nucleic acid‐based diagnosis and quantification, have been comparatively discussed. Furthermore, the core part of the article focusses on the working principle and advantages of digital PCR, along with its applications in COVID‐19 research. Several important applications like viral load quantitation, environmental surveillance and assay validation have been extensively investigated and discussed. Certain key future scopes of clinical importance, like mortality prediction, viral/variant‐symbiosis, and antiviral studies were also identified, suggesting several possible digital PCR applications in COVID‐19 research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSetegn Eshetie; Pastor Jullian; Beben Benyamin; S. Hong Lee;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). However, identified SNPs are inconsistent across studies, and there is no compelling consensus that COVID‐19 status is determined by genetic factors. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effect of genetic factors on COVID‐19. A random‐effect meta‐analysis was performed to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) of SNP effects, and SNP‐based heritability (SNP‐h) of COVID‐19. The analyses were performed using meta‐R package, and Stata version 17. The meta‐analysis included a total of 96,817 COVID‐19 cases and 6,414,916 negative controls. The meta‐analysis showed that a cluster of highly correlated 9 SNPs ( > 0.9) at 3p21.31 gene locus covering and genes was significantly associated with COVID‐19 severity, with a pooled OR of 1.8 [1.5–2.0]. Meanwhile, another 3 SNPs (rs2531743‐G, rs2271616‐T, and rs73062389‐A) within the locus was associated with COVID‐19 susceptibility, with pooled estimates of 0.95 [0.93–0.96], 1.23 [1.19–1.27] and 1.15 [1.13–1.17], respectively. Interestingly, SNPs associated with susceptibility and SNPs associated with severity in this locus are in linkage equilibrium (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMingtao Liu; Zhiman Liang; Zhangkai J. Cheng; Li Liu; Qiwen Liu; Yiyin Mai; Huihuang Chen; Baoying Lei; Shangwei Yu; Huihui Chen; Peiyan Zheng; Baoqing Sun;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
The COVID‐19 pandemic represents an unparalleled global public health crisis. Despite concerted research endeavours, the repertoire of effective treatment options remains limited. However, neutralising‐antibody‐based therapies hold promise across an array of practices, encompassing the prophylaxis and management of acute infectious diseases. Presently, numerous investigations into COVID‐19‐neutralising antibodies are underway around the world, with some studies reaching clinical application stages. The advent of COVID‐19‐neutralising antibodies signifies the dawn of an innovative and promising strategy for treatment against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants. Comprehensively, our objective is to amalgamate contemporary understanding concerning antibodies targeting various regions, including receptor‐binding domain (RBD), non‐RBD, host cell targets, and cross‐neutralising antibodies. Furthermore, we critically examine the prevailing scientific literature supporting neutralising antibody‐based interventions, and also delve into the functional evaluation of antibodies, with a particular focus on in vitro (vivo) assays. Lastly, we identify and consider several pertinent challenges inherent to the realm of COVID‐19‐neutralising antibody‐based treatments, offering insights into potential future directions for research and development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Fengying Wei, Ruiyang Zhou, Zhen Jin, Senzhong Huang, Zhihang Peng, Jinjie Wang, Ximing Xu, Xinyan Zhang, Jun Xu, Yao Bai, Xiaoli Wang, Bulai Lu, Zhaojun Wang, Jianguo Xu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 9.08.2023
Tilføjet 9.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 9 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Rui Luo
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 13.07.2023
Tilføjet 13.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2023 Source: Immunity Author(s): Yuichi Mitsui, Tatsuya Suzuki, Kanako Kuniyoshi, Jun Inamo, Kensuke Yamaguchi, Mariko Komuro, Junya Watanabe, Mio Edamoto, Songling Li, Tsukasa Kouno, Seiya Oba, Tadashi Hosoya, Kentaro Masuhiro, Yujiro Naito, Shohei Koyama, Nobuo Sakaguchi, Daron M. Standley, Jay W. Shin, Shizuo Akira, Shinsuke Yasuda
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWaqar Ahmad; Bushra Gull; Jasmin Baby; Neena G. Panicker; Thanumol A. Khader; Shaima Akhlaq; Tahir A. Rizvi; Farah Mustafa;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is responsible for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID‐19) that infected more than 760 million people worldwide with over 6.8 million deaths to date. COVID‐19 is one of the most challenging diseases of our times due to the nature of its spread, its effect on multiple organs, and an inability to predict disease prognosis, ranging from being completely asymptomatic to death. Upon infection, SARS‐CoV‐2 alters the host immune response by changing host‐transcriptional machinery. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regarded as post‐transcriptional regulators of gene expression that can be perturbed by invading viruses. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported such dysregulation of host miRNA expression upon SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Some of this could occur as an anti‐viral response of the host to the viral infection. Viruses themselves can counteract that response by mounting their own pro‐viral response that facilitates virus infection, an aspect which may cause pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs could serve as possible disease biomarkers in infected people. In the current review, we have summarised and analysed the existing data about miRNA dysregulation in patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 to determine their concordance between studies, and identified those that could serve as potential biomarkers during infection, disease progression, and death, even in people with other co‐morbidities. Having such biomarkers can be vital in not only predicting COVID‐19 prognosis, but also the development of novel miRNA‐based anti‐virals and therapeutics which can become invaluable in case of the emergence of new viral variants with pandemic potential in the future.
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