47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (covid) valgt, emner højest 180 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
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1001
The long-term impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on financial insecurity in vulnerable families: Findings from the Born in Bradford Covid-19 longitudinal study
Sian Reece, Josie Dickerson, Brian Kelly, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, Kate E. Pickett
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Sian Reece, Josie Dickerson, Brian Kelly, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, Kate E. Pickett There is growing recognition that the public health measures employed to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic had unintended consequences on socioeconomic security and health inequalities, having the greatest impact on the most vulnerable groups. This longitudinal study aims to explore the medium to long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent public health measures on financial security for families living in the deprived and ethnically diverse city of Bradford. We collected data at four time points before and during the pandemic from mothers who participated in one of two prospective birth cohort studies in Bradford. The findings demonstrate that the risk of experiencing financial insecurity rose sharply during the pandemic and has not returned to pre-COVID-19 baseline levels. Several individual characteristics were found to be possible predictors of financial insecurity, including homeowner status, free school meal eligibility and not working. Protective factors against financial insecurity include: living in more affluent areas; greater levels of educational attainment; and families with two or more adults in the household. Notably, families of Pakistani Heritage were found to have the greatest risk of experiencing financial insecurity throughout the pandemic. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that there were strong associations between financial insecurity and maternal health and wellbeing outcomes, with mothers experiencing financial insecurity being more likely to report unsatisfactory general health and clinically important symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings of this study highlight that the impact of financial insecurity experienced by mothers and their families throughout the pandemic was severe, wide ranging and affected the most vulnerable. In the wake of the pandemic, the emerging cost of living and energy crisis emphasises the urgent need for policy makers to act to support vulnerable families to prevent further widening of existing health and social inequalities.
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1002
Durability of cross-neutralizing antibodies 5.5 months after bivalent COVID-19 booster
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
AbstractWe analyzed neutralizing antibodies in samples from ancestral+BA.1 and ancestral+BA.4/5 boosted individuals, collected around 5.5 months after booster. Titers of neutralizing antibodies generally decreased compared to a time point early after the bivalent booster immunization. This was more pronounced for individuals without infection history and for recently emerged omicron variants.
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1003
Neutrophil virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by NETs
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundThe inflammation in the lungs and other vital organs in COVID-19 are characterized by the presence of neutrophils and high concentration of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which also seems to mediate host tissue damage. However, it is not known whether NETs could have virucidal activity against SARS-CoV-2.MethodsWe investigated whether NETs could prevent SARS-CoV-2 replication in neutrophils and epithelial cells, and what the consequence of NETs degradation in K18-humanized ACE2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.ResultsHere, by immunofluorescence microscopy we observed that viral particles co-localize with NETs in neutrophils isolated from COVID-19 patients or from healthy individuals and infected in vitro. The inhibition of NETs production increased virus replication in neutrophils. In parallel, we observed that NETs inhibited virus abilities to infect and replicate in epithelial cells after 24 h of infection. Degradation of NETs with DNase I prevented their virucidal effect in vitro. Using K18-humanized ACE2 transgenic mice we observed a higher viral load in animals treated with DNase I. On the other hand, the virucidal effect of NETs was not dependent on neutrophil elastase or myeloperoxidase activity.ConclusionOur results provide evidence of the role of NETosis as a mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 viral capture and inhibition.
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1004
Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in US Nursing Homes
Journal of the American Medical Association, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
To the Editor A recent Research Letter examined COVID-19 treatment rates in US nursing homes from May 31, 2021, through December 25, 2022, and found that only 1 in 4 nursing home residents with COVID-19 had been treated with antiviral treatments and that more than 40% of nursing homes reported never administering any oral antiviral or monoclonal antibody treatment in the 19-month study window. As a practicing nursing home attending physician and medical director, I wish to elaborate on some of the barriers to treatment in nursing homes to highlight policy changes that could improve treatment rates in future pandemics.
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1005
Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in US Nursing Homes—Reply
Journal of the American Medical Association, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
In Reply Dr Bergman highlights a number of important potential barriers to COVID-19 antiviral treatment use in nursing homes, including rapidly evolving guidelines concerning the use of monoclonal antibodies, insufficient supply of recommended monoclonal antibodies, and high staffing needs to administer monoclonal antibodies intravenously. These factors likely contributed to the low antiviral treatment rates observed in our study, when monoclonal antibodies were the only treatment available.
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1006
Convalescent Plasma Lowered Risk of Death in COVID-19 ARDS
Journal of the American Medical Association, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
Patients with COVID-19–induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS, who were treated with convalescent plasma from recovered donors between September 2020 through March 2022 had a lower risk of death at about 1 month compared with those who received standard care, according to results from 475 participants, almost all of whom were also treated with glucocorticoids. About 35% of participants in the treatment group died by day 28 compared with 45% in the standard-care group.
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1007
Changes in symptoms and characteristics of COVID-19 patients across different variants: two years study using neural network analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
Abstract Background Considering the fact that COVID-19 has undergone various changes over time, its symptoms have also varied. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the changes in personal characteristics, symptoms, and underlying conditions of individuals infected with different strains of COVID-19. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 46,747 patients who underwent PCR testing during a two-year period from February 22, 2020 to February 23, 2022, in South Khorasan province, Iran. Patient characteristics and symptoms were extracted based on self-report and the information system. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and artificial neural network approaches. The R software was used for analysis and a significance level of 0.05 was considered for the tests. Results Among the 46,747 cases analyzed, 23,239 (49.7%) were male, and the mean age was 51.48 ± 21.41 years. There was a significant difference in symptoms among different variants of the disease (p
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1008
Changes in symptoms and characteristics of COVID-19 patients across different variants: two years study using neural network analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
Abstract Background Considering the fact that COVID-19 has undergone various changes over time, its symptoms have also varied. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the changes in personal characteristics, symptoms, and underlying conditions of individuals infected with different strains of COVID-19. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 46,747 patients who underwent PCR testing during a two-year period from February 22, 2020 to February 23, 2022, in South Khorasan province, Iran. Patient characteristics and symptoms were extracted based on self-report and the information system. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and artificial neural network approaches. The R software was used for analysis and a significance level of 0.05 was considered for the tests. Results Among the 46,747 cases analyzed, 23,239 (49.7%) were male, and the mean age was 51.48 ± 21.41 years. There was a significant difference in symptoms among different variants of the disease (p
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1009
Changes in symptoms and characteristics of COVID-19 patients across different variants: two years study using neural network analysis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
Abstract Background Considering the fact that COVID-19 has undergone various changes over time, its symptoms have also varied. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the changes in personal characteristics, symptoms, and underlying conditions of individuals infected with different strains of COVID-19. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 46,747 patients who underwent PCR testing during a two-year period from February 22, 2020 to February 23, 2022, in South Khorasan province, Iran. Patient characteristics and symptoms were extracted based on self-report and the information system. The data were analyzed using logistic regression and artificial neural network approaches. The R software was used for analysis and a significance level of 0.05 was considered for the tests. Results Among the 46,747 cases analyzed, 23,239 (49.7%) were male, and the mean age was 51.48 ± 21.41 years. There was a significant difference in symptoms among different variants of the disease (p
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1010
Vaccination, immunity, and the changing impact of COVID-19 on infant health
Florencia TorcheJenna NoblesaDepartment of Sociology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305bDepartment of Sociology, Center for Demography and Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
1011
The impact of COVID-19 on a college freshman sample reveals genetic and nongenetic forms of susceptibility and resilience to stress
Cortney A. TurnerHuzefa KhalilVirginia Murphy-WeinbergMegan H. HagenauerLinda GatesYu TangLauren WeinbergRobert GryskoLeonor Floran-GardunoThomas DokasCatherine SamaniegoZhuo ZhaoYu FangSrijan SenJuan F. LopezStanley J. WatsonHuda AkilaMichigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109bDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109cDepartment of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
1012
Correction: Protection provided by vaccination, booster doses and previous infection against covid-19 infection, hospitalisation or death over time in Czechia
The PLOS ONE Staff
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
1013
Perceptions of individuals regarding barriers to participation in a pulmonary rehabilitation program after hospitalization due to COVID-19: A qualitative study
Rafaella Rabelo Polato, Cristino Carneiro Oliveira, Yuri Augusto de Sousa Miranda, Leandro Ferracini Cabral, Carla Malaguti, Anderson José
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Rafaella Rabelo Polato, Cristino Carneiro Oliveira, Yuri Augusto de Sousa Miranda, Leandro Ferracini Cabral, Carla Malaguti, Anderson José Introduction Several individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome referred for pulmonary rehabilitation did not participate. This study aimed to explore individuals’ barriers to participating in posthospitalization COVID-19 rehabilitation. Materials and methods This was a qualitative, multicenter study performed using semistructured interviews. This study included 20 individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 who refused to participate in a pulmonary rehabilitation program at a university hospital. Results Individuals reported difficulties accessing the rehabilitation center, mainly due to distance, transport costs and conditions, and lack of companions. Health problems (e.g., surgeries, pain, and mobility difficulties) and lack of time due to work, commuting, and household work were also reported. Another reported theme was not perceiving the need for rehabilitation due to feeling well. Minor themes included the need for more information about rehabilitation and a lack of interest, motivation, and medical encouragement. Conclusion Individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 faced several barriers to participating in a pulmonary rehabilitation program. These barriers included difficulties in accessing the rehabilitation center, health problems, lack of time, and the perception that rehabilitation was unnecessary. There is a need for actions to overcome these barriers to make the program available to a larger number of individuals.
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1014
Clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A living review and meta-analysis
Su-Yeon Yu, Miyoung Choi, Seungeun Ryoo, Chelim Cheong, Kyungmin Huh, Young Kyung Yoon, Su Jin Jeong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Su-Yeon Yu, Miyoung Choi, Seungeun Ryoo, Chelim Cheong, Kyungmin Huh, Young Kyung Yoon, Su Jin Jeong Inhaled corticosteroids are known to be relatively safe for long-term use in inflammatory respiratory diseases and it has been repurposed as one of the potential therapies for outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, inhaled corticosteroids have not been accepted for COVID-19 as a standard therapy because of its lack of proven benefits. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19. Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroid treatment in patients with COVID-19 were identified through literature electronic database searches up to March 10, 2023. Meta-analyses were conducted for predefined outcomes, and the certainty of evidence was graded using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation approach. Overall, seven trials (eight articles) were included in this systematic review. Compared with usual care, inhaled corticosteroids was associated with significantly improved clinical recovery at 7 and 14 days in patients with COVID-19. In subgroup analysis, only budesonide showed significant efficacy in clinical recovery, whereas no significant benefit was observed for ciclesonide. Moreover, inhaled corticosteroids use was not significantly associated with all-cause hospitalization, all-cause mortality, admission to intensive care unit, or the use of mechanical ventilation. Our systematic review used evidence with very low to moderate certainty. Although based on limited evidence, our results suggest that inhaled corticosteroids treatment, especially budesonide, improves the clinical recovery of patients with COVID-19. More trials and meta-analyses are needed to assess the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids for COVID-19 treatment.
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1015
Mental health status of pregnant women during COVID-19 in healthcare centers of Iran: A cross-sectional study
Masoumeh Sayahi, Maryam Nikbina, Azam Jahangirimehr, Barat Barati
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Masoumeh Sayahi, Maryam Nikbina, Azam Jahangirimehr, Barat Barati Background and objective The COVID-19 pandemic impacted every single aspect of life. In addition to being a public health emergency, the COVID-19 outbreak impacted the mental health of individuals, especially pregnant women. This study aimed to examine the mental health status of pregnant women and also the effect of sociodemographic factors on their mental health status during COVID-19 in healthcare centers of Iran. Methods This cross-sectional, analytical-descriptive study was conducted among pregnant women referring to healthcare centers in Shoushtar, Iran, in 2021. Multistage cluster sampling was used to select participants. Data were collected using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine the association between quantitative variables. A generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to estimate the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable (mental health). Results A total of 197 participants with a mean ± SD age of 27.85 ± 6.37 years took part in this study. The total mean score of mental health was estimated at 17.47±8.20. The highest mean ± SD score was, respectively, related to social dysfunction (6.63 ± 2.86), anxiety and insomnia (5.28 ± 3.53), and somatic symptoms (4.17 ± 3.27). Mental health disorder was significantly correlated with participants’ age (R = .223, P = .00), number of pregnancy (gravida) (R = .272, P = .00), number of births (para) (R = 0.272, P = .00), and number of abortions (R = .172, P = .015). About 80% of pregnant women did not reveal impaired mental health conditions or psychological distress, while 19.3% showed scores that indicate probable mental health conditions. Conclusion Social dysfunction was the most common mental health problem among pregnant women. It is necessary to pay more attention to the mental health status of pregnant women during a pandemic. Interventions such as practical strategies to promote social support and improve pregnant women’s mental health during pregnancy are highly important.
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1016
The handheld fan for chronic breathlessness: Clinicians’ experiences and views of implementation in clinical practice
Joshua Brown, Isobel Miller, Matilda Barnes-Harris, Miriam J. Johnson, Mark Pearson, Tim Luckett, Flavia Swan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.11.2023
Tilføjet 29.11.2023
by Joshua Brown, Isobel Miller, Matilda Barnes-Harris, Miriam J. Johnson, Mark Pearson, Tim Luckett, Flavia Swan Introduction The handheld fan (‘fan’) is useful for chronic breathlessness management, however little is known about clinicians’ implementation of the fan in clinical practice. Aim To explore clinicians’ experiences and views of fan implementation. Methods A qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews. Participants were purposively sampled from clinicians who had completed an on-line fan implementation survey and were willing to participate. A topic guide was developed using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). Data were analysed using an inductive approach informed by the TDF. Findings Twelve clinicians participated (doctors n = 4; nurses n = 4; allied health professionals n = 4) from respiratory and palliative care. Analysis generated three major themes: i) Clinician knowledge and skills in fan implementation, ii) environmental constraints on fan use and iii) clinician beliefs about the consequences of fan use.Implementation by clinicians was positively influenced by having a scientific rationale for fan use presented (mechanism of action). Clinicians believed that the fan relieved breathlessness and did not carry a significant infection risk. Opportunity for fan use varied across healthcare settings; key environmental influences were COVID-19 restrictions, lack of access to resources and funding to provide fans, particularly in acute and respiratory services. Clinicians commonly encountered scepticism among patients and colleagues who felt the fan was an implausible intervention for breathlessness. Conclusion Implementation of the fan is motivated by clinician beliefs about patient-benefit, a scientific rationale to counter clinician and patient scepticism, and access to fans in clinic. Funding to allow patients to be supplied with and taught how to use a fan would support uptake. Research is needed to address concerns about infection risk.
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1017
Virological characteristics and the rapid antigen test as deisolation criteria in immunocompromised patients with COVID‐19: A prospective cohort study
Sung‐Woon Kang, Jun‐Won Kim, Ji Yeun Kim, So Yun Lim, Choi‐Young Jang, Euijin Chang, Jeong‐Sun Yang, Kyung‐Chang Kim, Hee‐Chang Jang, Dasol Kim, Younmin Shin, Joo‐Yeon Lee, Sung‐Han Kim
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
1018
Resurgence of influenza during COVID‐19 in Chongqing, China: A retrospective analysis
Zhourong Li, Yu Xiong, Jiang Long, Tingting Li, Xiaoqing Fu, Shuang Yang, Dechao Tian, Yong Zhao, Li Qi
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
1019
High sera levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 N antigen are associated with death in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients
Houssem Redha Chenane, Guillaume Lingas, Reyene Menidjel, Cédric Laouenan, Sarah Tubiana, Diane Descamps, Quentin Le Hingrat, Laurent Abel, Jérémie Guedj, Surbhi Malhotra, Samir Kumar‐Singh, Benoit Visseaux, Jade Ghosn, Charlotte Charpentier, Samuel Lebourgeois, the French COVID Cohort Study Group
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
1020
Acne and COVID‐19 susceptibility, hospitalization, and severity: A genetic correlation study
Rui Mao, Zhihua Fan, Meihui He, Ji Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
1021
Characteristics of hematological parameters on admission in COVID-19 Omicron variant infected in Chinese population: a large-scale retrospective study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Abstract Background The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, currently the most prevalent strain, has rapidly spread in Jingzhou, China, due to changes in the country’s epidemic prevention policy, resulting in an unprecedented increase in cases. Previous studies reported hematological parameters’ predictive value in COVID-19 severity and prognosis, but their relevance for early diagnosis in patients infected by the Omicron variant, particularly in high-risk pneumonia cases, remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate these parameters as early warning indicators for Omicron-infected patients in fever clinics and those with pulmonary infections (PI). Methods A total of 2,021 COVID-19 patients admitted to the fever clinic and infectious disease department of Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University from November 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, were retrospectively recruited. Demographic and hematological parameters were obtained from the electronic medical records of eligible patients. These hematological parameters were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine whether they can be used for early diagnosis of COVID-19 patients in fever clinics and the presence of PI in COVID-19 patients. Results Statistical differences in hematological parameters were observed between COVID-19 patients with fever and PI and control groups (P
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1022
[News] COVID-19—an infectious disease in the top five causes of death in Australia
Tony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
The last time that an infectious disease ranked in the top five causes of death in Australia was in 1970 (influenza and pneumonia combined). However, COVID-19, after being successfully kept under control when Australia closed borders between 2020 and 2021, has surged into the top three causes of death in 2022. There were 9859 deaths due to COVID-19 registered in Australia in 2022, and the infection was mentioned as a contributing factor on a further 2782 death certificates. Ischaemic heart disease (19 858 deaths) and dementia, including Alzheimer\'s disease (17 106 deaths), were the only top two causes of death above COVID-19.
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1023
[Articles] Intravenous ravulizumab in mechanically ventilated patients hospitalised with severe COVID-19: a phase 3, multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Djillali Annane, Sean J Pittock, Hrishikesh S Kulkarni, Brian W Pickering, Matt R Khoshnevis, Jason L Siegel, Charles A Powell, Pedro Castro, Tomoko Fujii, Derek Dunn, Keisha Smith, Sanjay Mitter, Shamsah Kazani, Austin Kulasekararaj
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Addition of ravulizumab to BSC did not improve survival or other secondary outcomes. Safety findings were consistent with the known safety profile of ravulizumab in its approved indications. Despite the lack of efficacy, the study adds value for future research into complement therapeutics in critical illnesses by showing that C5 inhibition can be accomplished in severely ill patients.
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1024
[Articles] Efficacy and safety of baricitinib or ravulizumab in adult patients with severe COVID-19 (TACTIC-R): a randomised, parallel-arm, open-label, phase 4 trial
Frances C Hall, Joseph Cheriyan, Andrew P Cope, James Galloway, Ian Wilkinson, Simon Bond, Sam Norton, Edward Banham-Hall, Hannah Bayes, Michalis Kostapanos, Marianna Nodale, William G Petchey, Thomas Sheeran, Jonathan Underwood, David R Jayne, TACTIC-R Investigators Group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Neither baricitinib nor ravulizumab, as administered in this study, was effective in reducing disease severity in patients selected for severe COVID-19. Safety was similar between treatments and standard of care. The short period of dosing with baricitinib might explain the discrepancy between our findings and those of other trials. The therapeutic potential of targeting complement C5 activation product C5a, rather than the cleavage of C5, warrants further evaluation.
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1025
[Articles] Safety and efficacy of the intranasal spray SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dNS1-RBD: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
Fengcai Zhu, Shoujie Huang, Xiaohui Liu, Qi Chen, Chunlan Zhuang, Hui Zhao, Jinle Han, Anjuli May Jaen, Thai Hung Do, Jonathan Grant Peter, Alexander Gonzalez Dorado, Louie S Tirador, Gelza Mae A Zabat, Ralph Elvi M Villalobos, Gemalyn Pineda Gueco, Lauren Livia Greta Botha, Shirley Patricia Iglesias Pertuz, Jiaxiang Tan, Kongxin Zhu, Jiali Quan, Hongyan Lin, Yue Huang, Jizong Jia, Xiafei Chu, Junyu Chen, Yixin Chen, Tianying Zhang, Yingying Su, Changgui Li, Xiangzhong Ye, Ting Wu, Jun Zhang, Ningshao Xia, COVID-19-PRO-003 Study Team
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Although this trial did not meet the predefined efficacy criteria for success, dNS1-RBD was well tolerated and protective against omicron variants, both as a primary immunisation and as a heterologous booster.
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1026
[Articles] Effectiveness of BNT162b2 BA.4/5 bivalent mRNA vaccine against a range of COVID-19 outcomes in a large health system in the USA: a test-negative case–control study
Sara Y Tartof, Jeff M Slezak, Laura Puzniak, Vennis Hong, Timothy B Frankland, Bradley K Ackerson, Fagen Xie, Harpreet Takhar, Oluwaseye A Ogun, Sarah Simmons, Joann M Zamparo, Srinivas R Valluri, Luis Jodar, John M McLaughlin
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
By mid-April, 2023, individuals previously vaccinated only with wild-type vaccines had little protection against COVID-19—including hospital admission. A BNT162b2 BA.4/5 bivalent booster restored protection against a range of COVID-19 outcomes, including against XBB-related sublineages, with the most substantial protection observed against hospital admission and critical illness.
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1027
[Health-care Development] Core outcome measurement instruments for use in clinical and research settings for adults with post-COVID-19 condition: an international Delphi consensus study
Sarah L Gorst, Nina Seylanova, Susanna R Dodd, Nicola L Harman, Margaret O'Hara, Caroline B Terwee, Paula R Williamson, Dale M Needham, Daniel Munblit, Timothy R Nicholson, PC-COS study group
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Post-COVID-19 condition (also known as long COVID) is a new, complex, and poorly understood disorder. A core outcome set (COS) for post-COVID-19 condition in adults has been developed and agreement is now required on the most appropriate measurement instruments for these core outcomes. We conducted an international consensus study involving multidisciplinary experts and people with lived experience of long COVID. The study comprised a literature review to identify measurement instruments for the core outcomes, a three-round online modified Delphi process, and an online consensus meeting to generate a core outcome measurement set (COMS).
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1028
Financial incentives for COVID-19 vaccines in a rural low-resource setting: a cluster-randomized trial
Raymond Duch, Edward Asiedu, Ryota Nakamura, Thomas Rouyard, Alberto Mayol, Adrian Barnett, Laurence Roope, Mara Violato, Dorcas Sowah, Piotr Kotlarz, Philip Clarke
Nature, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
1029
Correction: Could the ketogenic diet induce a shift in thyroid function and support a metabolic advantage in healthy participants? A pilot randomized-controlled-crossover trial
Stella Iacovides, Shane K. Maloney, Sindeep Bhana, Zareena Angamia, Rebecca M. Meiring
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
by Stella Iacovides, Shane K. Maloney, Sindeep Bhana, Zareena Angamia, Rebecca M. Meiring
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1030
Impact of mobile connectivity on students’ wellbeing: Detecting learners’ depression using machine learning algorithms
Muntequa Imtiaz Siraji, Ahnaf Akif Rahman, Mirza Muntasir Nishat, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Fahim Faisal, Lamim Ibtisam Khalid, Ashik Ahmed
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
by Muntequa Imtiaz Siraji, Ahnaf Akif Rahman, Mirza Muntasir Nishat, Md Abdullah Al Mamun, Fahim Faisal, Lamim Ibtisam Khalid, Ashik Ahmed Depression is a psychological state of mind that often influences a person in an unfavorable manner. While it can occur in people of all ages, students are especially vulnerable to it throughout their academic careers. Beginning in 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic caused major problems in people’s lives by driving them into quarantine and forcing them to be connected continually with mobile devices, such that mobile connectivity became the new norm during the pandemic and beyond. This situation is further accelerated for students as universities move towards a blended learning mode. In these circumstances, monitoring student mental health in terms of mobile and Internet connectivity is crucial for their wellbeing. This study focuses on students attending an International University of Bangladesh to investigate their mental health due to their continual use of mobile devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, laptops etc.). A cross-sectional survey method was employed to collect data from 444 participants. Following the exploratory data analysis, eight machine learning (ML) algorithms were used to develop an automated normal-to-extreme severe depression identification and classification system. When the automated detection was incorporated with feature selection such as Chi-square test and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), about 3 to 5% increase in accuracy was observed by the method. Similarly, a 5 to 15% increase in accuracy has been observed when a feature extraction method such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed. Also, the SparsePCA feature extraction technique in combination with the CatBoost classifier showed the best results in terms of accuracy, F1-score, and ROC-AUC. The data analysis revealed no sign of depression in about 44% of the total participants. About 25% of students showed mild-to-moderate and 31% of students showed severe-to-extreme signs of depression. The results suggest that ML models, incorporating a proper feature engineering method can serve adequately in multi-stage depression detection among the students. This model might be utilized in other disciplines for detecting early signs of depression among people.
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1031
Health workers’ adherence to the malaria test, treat and track strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in malaria high transmission area in Eastern Uganda
Malaria Journal, 28.11.2023
Tilføjet 28.11.2023
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected malaria control activities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) resulting in 690,000 excess deaths in the year 2021. The authors hypothesized that COVID-19 affected the World Health Organization (WHO) Test, Treat and Track (T3) strategy that has been implemented in Uganda since 2010. In this study, health worker’s adherence to the T3 strategy during COVID-19 pandemic in Eastern Uganda was studied by assessing their knowledge, skills and practices. Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing mixed quantitative and qualitative data collections methods was conducted at Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Eastern Uganda between November and December in 2020. Data were captured on demographics, knowledge, skills and practices for both health workers (HWs) and patients. Quantitative data were analysed using STATA 15.0 and reported as descriptive statistics, proportions and statistical associations. Moreover, qualitative data were collected via key informant interviews (KII) among purposively sampled study participants and analysed thematically using NVIVO software. Ethical approval was obtained prior to the study. Results A total of 436 study participants, of whom 103/436 (24%) and 333/436 (76%) were HWs and patients, respectively were studied. Among the HWs with mean age of 34 years (SD = 8.8 years), 81/103 (79%) had good practices, most 63/103 (61%) had good knowledge, and only 11/103 (10.7%) had good skills. Specifically, on the cadres, the laboratory personnel 19/103 (18%) had good knowledge 14/19 (74%) OR: 2.0 (95% CI 0.7–6) and were highly skilled OR: 4.6 (95% CI 1.2—18.1; P
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1032
Variant rs4986790 of TLR4 affects the signaling and induces cell dysfunction in severe COVID-19 patients.
Julio Flores-Gonzalez, Leslie Chavez-Galan, Ramcés Falfán-Valencia, Ivette Buendía Roldán, Ingrid Fricke-Galindo, Abigail Veronica-Aguilar, Alfonso Martínez-Morales, Rafael de Jesús Hernández-Zenteno, Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán, Gloria Pérez-Rubio
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
COVID-19 patients display a broad clinical spectrum, from asymptomatic infections to critical [1, 2]; the pathophysiology that explains these differences between individuals needs to be clarified. Some authors focus on the innate immune response that acts as the first line of defense against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), sensing the virus through pattern recognition receptors (PRR) like Toll-like receptors (TLR) and activating inflammatory pathways that promote viral clearance [3].
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1033
The appearance of anti-spike RBD IgG4 responses after repetitive immunization with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines
Michinobu Yoshimura, Atsuhiko Sakamoto, Ryo Ozuru, Yusuke Kurihara, Ryota Itoh, Kazunari Ishii, Akinori Shimizu, Bin Chou, Shigeki Nabeshima, Kenji Hiromatsu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
Although it has been reported that repeated boosting with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines has been protective [1], some concerns about repeated vaccination of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines have emerged. Repeated vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines back-boosts previous memory and dampens the immune response to a new antigenically related but distinct virus strain, so-called vaccine-induced immune imprinting or original antigenic sin [2]. It has been also reported that the class switches toward noninflammatory, spike-specific IgG4 antibodies (Ab) after repeated SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-type vaccination [3-5].
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1034
Prior immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy is associated with decreased COVID-19-related hospitalizations and complications in patients with cancer: Results of a propensity-matched analysis of the OnCovid registry.
Anahita Mostaghim, Samuel Minkove, Juan Aguilar-Company, Isabel Ruiz-Camps, Simeon Eremiev-Eremiev, Gino M Dettorre, Laura Fox, Carlo Tondini, Joan Brunet, MCarmen Carmona-García, Matteo Lambertini, Mark Bower, Thomas Newsom-Davis, Rachel Sharkey, Alessia Dalla Pria, Maura Rossi, Andrea Plaja, Ramon Salazar, Anna Sureda, Aleix Prat, Vasiliki Michalarea, Mieke Van Hemelrijck, Ailsa Sita-Lumsden, Alexia Bertuzzi, Lorenza Rimassa, Sabrina Rossi, Gianpiero Rizzo, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Alvin JX Lee, Cian Murphy, Katherine Belessiotis, Nikolaos Diamantis, Uma Mukherjee, Fanny Pommeret, Annabelle Stoclin, Clara Martinez-Vila, Riccardo Bruna, Gianluca Gaidano, Francesca D'Avanzo, Alessandra Gennari, Janhavi Athale, Peter Eichacker, David J. Pinato, Parizad Torabi-Parizi, Alessio Cortellini, OnCovid study group.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 27.11.2023
Tilføjet 27.11.2023
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use steadily increased since early reports describing marked efficacy [1]. They are now a mainstay treatment of several cancer types. Since the start of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, questions persisted of whether and how immune enhancing properties of ICIs impact outcomes in cancer patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) [2-4]. In particular, considering the cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) as the major event driving the deranged immune response underlying severe COVID-19, the major concerns were related to the possible exacerbating effect of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death-1 / programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors [5].
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1035
Long-term efficacy of the peptide-based COVID-19 T cell activator CoVac-1 in healthy adults
Claudia Tandler, Jonas S. Heitmann, Tanja M. Michel, Maddalena Marconato, Simon U. Jaeger, Christian M. Tegeler, Monika Denk, Marion Richter, Melek Tutku Oezbek, Yacine Maringer, Sarah M. Schroeder, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller, Michael Bitzer, Natalia Ruetalo, Michael Schindler, Christoph Meisner, Imma Fischer, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Helmut R. Salih, Juliane S. Walz
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), different vaccines have been successfully developed [1-3]. Although neutralizing antibodies provide the first line of antiviral defense [4, 5], spike-specific antibody titers tend to wane quickly and show limited neutralizing activity against newly arising variants of concern (VOCs) [6]. In contrast, T cells were shown to mediate long-term immunity that is largely conserved against VOCs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination [4, 7].
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1036
Epigenetic perspectives associated with COVID-19 infection and related cytokine storm: an updated review
Infection, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
Abstract Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put the world in a medical crisis for the past three years; nearly 6.3 million lives have been diminished due to the virus outbreak. This review aims to update the recent findings on COVID-19 infections from an epigenetic scenario and develop future perspectives of epi-drugs to treat the disease. Methods Original research articles and review studies related to COVID-19 were searched and analyzed from the Google Scholar/PubMed/Medline databases mainly between 2019 and 2022 to brief the recent work. Results Numerous in-depth studies of the mechanisms used by SARS-CoV-2 have been going on to minimize the consequences of the viral outburst. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 receptors and Transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitate viral entry to the host cells. Upon internalization, it uses the host machinery to replicate viral copies and alter the downstream regulation of the normal cells, causing infection-related morbidities and mortalities. In addition, several epigenetic regulations such as DNA methylation, acetylation, histone modifications, microRNA, and other factors (age, sex, etc.) are responsible for the regulations of viral entry, its immune evasion, and cytokine responses also play a major modulatory role in COVID-19 severity, which has been discussed in detail in this review. Conclusion Findings of epigenetic regulation of viral pathogenicity open a new window for epi-drugs as a possible therapeutical approach against COVID-19.
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1037
Persistent symptoms and risk factors predicting prolonged time to symptom-free after SARS‑CoV‑2 infection: an analysis of the baseline examination of the German COVIDOM/NAPKON-POP cohort
Infection, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
Abstract Purpose We aimed to assess symptoms in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify factors predicting prolonged time to symptom-free. Methods COVIDOM/NAPKON-POP is a population-based prospective cohort of adults whose first on-site visits were scheduled ≥ 6 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Retrospective data including self-reported symptoms and time to symptom-free were collected during the survey before a site visit. In the survival analyses, being symptom-free served as the event and time to be symptom-free as the time variable. Data were visualized with Kaplan–Meier curves, differences were tested with log-rank tests. A stratified Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of predictors, with aHR
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1038
Therapeutic plasma exchange in the treatment of COVID-19 induced cytokine storm: the first Moroccan experience
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
Abstract Introduction COVID-19 induced cytokine storm is a well-documented phenomena that contributes significantly in the disease’s evolution and prognosis. Therefore, therapies such as therapeutic plasma exchange, constitute a mainstay of therapeutic management especially for critically-ill patients. Methods We conducted a monocentric retrospective cohort study in the Resuscitation Department of the Mohammed VI University Hospital of Oujda-Morocco, to evaluate the efficiency of therapeutic plasma exchange on critically-ill COVID-19 patients over a 6 months period. We divided our patients into two groups: patients who received TPE (Therapeutic Plasma Exchange) sessions (TPE group) and patients who only benefited from the standard protocol treatment (non TPE group). Results Our study included a total of 165 patients, 34.5% of which benefited from TPE sessions. We observed an improvement of oxygenation parameters (SpO2 and PaO2/FiO2 ratio) and a progressive respiratory weaning, as well as a significant decrease of biomarkers indicative of inflammation (lymphocyte count, CRP (C Reactive Protein), IL-6, Ferritin) and coagulopathy (d-dimers, fibrinogen) in the TPE group after 5 consecutive TPE sessions. In comparison with the non-TPE group, The TPE-group patients had a shorter ICU (Intensive Care Unit) length of stay, required less frequently mechanical ventilation, and we more likely to be extubated. Furthermore, the TPE group had a lower mortality rate. Discussion Multiple studies have reported the safety and efficiency of therapeutic plasma exchange in the COVID-19 induced cytokine storm. Given the urgent character of the pandemic at the time, each center followed its own protocol in implementing plasma exchange. Conclusion Similar to the results reported in the literature, our study reports positive results after using TPE specifically in terms of respiratory weaning and an improvement of the cytokine storm biomarkers, and more importantly a lower mortality rate.
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1039
COVID 19 infection clinical features in pediatric patients in Southwestern Iran: a cross-sectional, multi-center study
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.11.2023
Tilføjet 26.11.2023
Abstract With the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the impact of recent coronavirus, especially in children, cannot be ignored. In this study, we evaluated the SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and associated features in children less than 18 years of age in “Fars” and “Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad”, provinces, Iran. 5943 children who were suspected cases to SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data of SARS-CoV-2 patients were collected from 16 February 2020 to 20 June 2021. Underlying conditions were considered in this study as well. Among 5943 patients suspected COVID 19 cases, 13.51% were confirmed by real-time PCR assay. The female/male ratio was 1:1.3 with a mean age of 5.71 years. 11.2% of confirmed patients were transferred and admitted in Pediatric ICU. COVID 19 was significantly higher in children with malignancy and diabetes rather than those with other underlying diseases. Children of all ages were susceptible to COVID 19, and there is no significant difference between both sexes. Most of the COVID 19 cases were in 10–18 years old group. Among a number of children with different underlying diseases, children with malignancy had the highest rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection, followed by those with diabetes.
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1040
Spike protein genetic evolution in patients at high-risk of severe COVID-19 treated by monoclonal antibodies
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
AbstractBackgroundHigh-risk patients, often immunocompromised and not responding to vaccine, continue to experience severe COVID-19 and death. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were shown effective to prevent severe COVID-19 for these patients. Nevertheless, concerns about the emergence of resistance mutations were raised.MethodsWe conducted a multicentric prospective cohort study, including 264 patients with mild-to moderate COVID-19 at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19 and treated early with Casirivimab/Imdevimab, Sotrovimab or Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab. We sequenced the SARS-CoV-2 genome during follow-up and searched for emerging Spike mutations.ResultsImmunocompromised patients have a 6-fold increased risk of developing mutations, which are associated with a prolonged duration of viral clearance but no clinical worsening. Emerging P337S/R/L/H, E340D/K/A/Q/V/G and K356T/R substitutions in patients treated with Sotrovimab are associated with higher viral RNA loads for up to 14 days post-treatment initiation. Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab is associated with a 5-fold increased risk of developing mutations. R346K/I/T/S and K444R/N/M substitutions associated with Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab have been identified in multiple SARS-CoV-2 lineages, including BQ.1 and XBB.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the probability of emerging mutations arising in response to mAbs is significant, emphasizing the crucial need to investigate these mutations thoroughly and assess their impact on patients and the evolutionary trajectory of the SARS-CoV-2.
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1041
COVID-19 breakthrough infections among people with and without HIV: a statewide cohort analysis
Xueying Yang, Jiajia Zhang, Ziang Liu, Shujie Chen, Bankole Olatosi, Gregory A. Poland, Sharon Weissman, Xiaoming Li
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
The remarkable efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines was observed in both large, randomized-controlled US clinical trials and real-world settings,[1, 2] where four vaccines were found to be safe and efficacious in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. Despite the high level of vaccine efficacy, antibody waning occurs such that a small percentage of fully vaccinated persons (i.e., received all recommended doses of an FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine) will develop symptomatic or asymptomatic infection with SARS-CoV-2,[3] which are often referred to as COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections (hereafter as “breakthrough infections”).
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1042
Eyeglasses and risk of COVID-19 transmission - analysis of the Virus Watch Community Cohort study.
Annalan MD Navaratnam, Christopher O'Callaghan, Sarah Beale, Vincent Nguyen, Anna Aryee, Isobel Braithwaite, Thomas E Byrne, Wing Lam Erica Fong, Ellen Fragaszy, Cyril Geismar, Susan Hoskins, Jana Kovar, Parth Patel, Madhumita Shrotri, Sophie Weber, Alexei Yavlinsky, Robert W Aldridge, Andrew C Hayward, Virus Watch Collaborative
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Respiratory viruses infect individuals via the nose, mouth and eyes, through contact with surfaces touched by the individual or via small and larger (i.e. droplet) aerosol particles.[1] Recommendations for the protection of the general public in most countries include social distancing, handwashing and face mask use but not eye protection. In the UK eye protection (including full face visors or goggles) is recommended in healthcare settings if blood or body fluid contamination to the eyes or face is anticipated or likely.
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1043
COVID-19 anxiety and related factors amid adjusted epidemic prevention policies: a cross-sectional study on patients with late-life depression in China
Wu, J., Qiu, L., Xiong, W., Shen, Y., Li, J., Wu, J., Zhou, Q.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
ObjectivesTo explore the prevalence and associated factors of COVID-19 anxiety in patients with late-life depression (LLD) during the adjustment of epidemic prevention policies in China. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingThe data analysed in this study were collected from seven regions in China between November 2022 and January 2023. ParticipantsA total of 1205 patients with LLD (aged 60–78 years) participated in the survey. They completed a social demographic assessment and the Chinese version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Primary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the anxiety level of the participants. Patients were categorised into two groups based on their anxiety levels, one with anxiety and one without, according to CAS scores. ResultsThe prevalence of COVID-19 anxiety in depressed older adults was 47.3%. Regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19 anxiety score was significantly higher among females (AOR: 2.177, 95% CI 1.201 to 3.947), widowed individuals (AOR: 3.015, 95% CI 1.379 to 6.591), patients residing at a distance from healthcare facilities (AOR: 3.765, 95% CI 1.906 to 7.438), and those who frequently experienced worry (AOR: 1.984, 95% CI 1.111 to 3.543). Conversely, the anxiety score was significantly lower among divorced individuals (AOR: 0.491, 95% CI 0.245 to 0.988), those aged 70 years and above (AOR: 0.117, 95% CI 0.064 to 0.213), patients without difficulty obtaining medication (AOR: 0.027, 95% CI 0.007 to 0.097), those living with family members (AOR: 0.080, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.282) or in nursing homes compared with those living alone (AOR: 0.019, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.087). ConclusionWomen with LLD who are widowed, live far from healthcare facilities, and are prone to excessive worry are more likely to experience anxiety. It is advisable to implement appropriate preventive measures and provide psychosocial support programmes for this vulnerable group during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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1044
Visceral fat area measured by electrical bioimpedance as an aggravating factor of COVID-19: a study on body composition
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Abstract Introduction Severe forms of COVID-19 are more common in patients with abnormal fat distribution, particularly high visceral adiposity. The patient’s muscle strength may be reduced during the acute phase of the infection. Electrical bioimpedance (BIA) is a non-invasive method for measuring body compartments and estimating visceral fat area (VFA) that can be used at the bedside. Objective To assess the association between several body composition parameters, primarily high adipose tissue and high VFA, in patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, and whether it worsened the severity parameters. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo from March 2020 to August 2021. The demographic and clinical data was collected from medical reports. Body composition is assessed using the InBODY® model S10 bioelectrical impedance device and a Jamar® digital hydraulic manual dynamometer with a scale from 0 to 90 kg is used to measure handgrip strength (HGS). Results A total of 96 patients with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD 15) were divided into two groups of 48 individuals, with and without COVID-19 infection. Body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69, 11.83), fat mass (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 0.48, 8.55), and VFA (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.33, 3.53) were all higher in the infection group. When COVID-19 patients were evaluated, those with higher VFA had longer hospital stays (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) and used more vasoactive drugs (p = 0.043). Patients with COVID-19 with poor handgrip strength were 3.29 times more likely to require a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Conclusion The study concluded that excess weight and body fat are significantly associated with COVID-19 involvement, but the severity is primarily related to a greater area of visceral fat. The use of bioimpedance for visceral fat measurement was effective, as it is a simple method performed in the hospital setting that does not require the use of radiation.
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1045
Visceral fat area measured by electrical bioimpedance as an aggravating factor of COVID-19: a study on body composition
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Abstract Introduction Severe forms of COVID-19 are more common in patients with abnormal fat distribution, particularly high visceral adiposity. The patient’s muscle strength may be reduced during the acute phase of the infection. Electrical bioimpedance (BIA) is a non-invasive method for measuring body compartments and estimating visceral fat area (VFA) that can be used at the bedside. Objective To assess the association between several body composition parameters, primarily high adipose tissue and high VFA, in patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, and whether it worsened the severity parameters. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo from March 2020 to August 2021. The demographic and clinical data was collected from medical reports. Body composition is assessed using the InBODY® model S10 bioelectrical impedance device and a Jamar® digital hydraulic manual dynamometer with a scale from 0 to 90 kg is used to measure handgrip strength (HGS). Results A total of 96 patients with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD 15) were divided into two groups of 48 individuals, with and without COVID-19 infection. Body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69, 11.83), fat mass (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 0.48, 8.55), and VFA (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 0.33, 3.53) were all higher in the infection group. When COVID-19 patients were evaluated, those with higher VFA had longer hospital stays (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.01) and used more vasoactive drugs (p = 0.043). Patients with COVID-19 with poor handgrip strength were 3.29 times more likely to require a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Conclusion The study concluded that excess weight and body fat are significantly associated with COVID-19 involvement, but the severity is primarily related to a greater area of visceral fat. The use of bioimpedance for visceral fat measurement was effective, as it is a simple method performed in the hospital setting that does not require the use of radiation.
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1046
Analysing the implementation of infection prevention and control measures in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the African Region
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Abstract Background The declaration of SARS-CoV-2 as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 prompted the need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) capacities within health care facilities (HCF). IPC guidelines, with standard and transmission-based precautions to be put in place to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at these HCFs were developed. Based on these IPC guidelines, a rapid assessment scorecard tool, with 14 components, to enhance assessment and improvement of IPC measures at HCFs was developed. This study assessed the level of implementation of the IPC measures in HCFs across the African Region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method An observational study was conducted from April 2020 to November 2022 in 17 countries in the African Region to monitor the progress made in implementing IPC standard and transmission-based precautions in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level HCFs. A total of 5168 primary, secondary and tertiary HCFs were assessed. The HCFs were assessed and scored each component of the tool. Statistical analyses were done using R (version 4.2.0). Results A total of 11 564 assessments were conducted in 5153 HCFs, giving an average of 2.2 assessments per HCF. The baseline median score for the facility assessments was 60.2%. Tertiary HCFs and those dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest IPC scores. Tertiary-level HCFs had a median score of 70%, secondary-level HCFs 62.3% and primary-level HCFs 56.8%. HCFs dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest scores, with a median of 68.2%, followed by the mixed facilities that attended to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, with 64.84%. On the components, there was a strong correlation between high IPC assessment scores and the presence of IPC focal points in HCFs, the availability of IPC guidelines in HCFs and HCFs that had all their health workers trained in basic IPC. Conclusion In conclusion, a functional IPC programme with a dedicated focal person is a prerequisite for implementing improved IPC measures at the HCF level. In the absence of an epidemic, the general IPC standards in HCFs are low, as evidenced by the low scores in the non-COVID-19 treatment centres.
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1047
Analysing the implementation of infection prevention and control measures in health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the African Region
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Abstract Background The declaration of SARS-CoV-2 as a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 prompted the need to strengthen infection prevention and control (IPC) capacities within health care facilities (HCF). IPC guidelines, with standard and transmission-based precautions to be put in place to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 at these HCFs were developed. Based on these IPC guidelines, a rapid assessment scorecard tool, with 14 components, to enhance assessment and improvement of IPC measures at HCFs was developed. This study assessed the level of implementation of the IPC measures in HCFs across the African Region during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method An observational study was conducted from April 2020 to November 2022 in 17 countries in the African Region to monitor the progress made in implementing IPC standard and transmission-based precautions in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level HCFs. A total of 5168 primary, secondary and tertiary HCFs were assessed. The HCFs were assessed and scored each component of the tool. Statistical analyses were done using R (version 4.2.0). Results A total of 11 564 assessments were conducted in 5153 HCFs, giving an average of 2.2 assessments per HCF. The baseline median score for the facility assessments was 60.2%. Tertiary HCFs and those dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest IPC scores. Tertiary-level HCFs had a median score of 70%, secondary-level HCFs 62.3% and primary-level HCFs 56.8%. HCFs dedicated to COVID-19 patients had the highest scores, with a median of 68.2%, followed by the mixed facilities that attended to both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, with 64.84%. On the components, there was a strong correlation between high IPC assessment scores and the presence of IPC focal points in HCFs, the availability of IPC guidelines in HCFs and HCFs that had all their health workers trained in basic IPC. Conclusion In conclusion, a functional IPC programme with a dedicated focal person is a prerequisite for implementing improved IPC measures at the HCF level. In the absence of an epidemic, the general IPC standards in HCFs are low, as evidenced by the low scores in the non-COVID-19 treatment centres.
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1048
The evaluation of a rapid microfluidic immunofluorescence antigen test in detecting the infectiousness of COVID-19 patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Abstract Background A test-based strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the measures to assess the need for isolation and prevention of infection. However, testing with high sensitivity methods, such as quantitative RT-PCR, leads to unnecessary isolation, whereas the lateral flow antigen test shows low sensitivity and false negative results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag test (Lumira Ag), a rapid microfluidic immunofluorescence method, in assessing infectivity. Methods This study was performed from March 2022 to July 2022. A pair of nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from each patient with mild COVID-19. One swab was used for Lumira Ag testing, and the other for quantitative RT-PCR testing and virus culture. Results A total of 84 patients were included in the study. Among them, PCR, Lumira Ag test, and virus culture indicated positivity for 82, 66, and 24 patients, respectively. When comparing the Lumira Ag test to virus culture, its sensitivity was 100.0% (24/24), specificity, 30.0% (18/60); positive predictive value, 36.3% (24/66); and negative predictive value (NPV), 100.0% (18/18). The positive sample for virus culture was observed until the ninth day from the onset of symptoms, while the Lumira Ag test was observed until day 11. Conclusions The Lumira Ag test showed high sensitivity and NPV (100% each) compared to virus culture. A test-based strategy using the Lumira Ag test can effectively exclude COVID-19 infectiousness.
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1049
The evaluation of a rapid microfluidic immunofluorescence antigen test in detecting the infectiousness of COVID-19 patients
BMC Infectious Diseases, 25.11.2023
Tilføjet 25.11.2023
Abstract Background A test-based strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the measures to assess the need for isolation and prevention of infection. However, testing with high sensitivity methods, such as quantitative RT-PCR, leads to unnecessary isolation, whereas the lateral flow antigen test shows low sensitivity and false negative results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the LumiraDx SARS-CoV-2 Ag test (Lumira Ag), a rapid microfluidic immunofluorescence method, in assessing infectivity. Methods This study was performed from March 2022 to July 2022. A pair of nasopharyngeal swab samples were obtained from each patient with mild COVID-19. One swab was used for Lumira Ag testing, and the other for quantitative RT-PCR testing and virus culture. Results A total of 84 patients were included in the study. Among them, PCR, Lumira Ag test, and virus culture indicated positivity for 82, 66, and 24 patients, respectively. When comparing the Lumira Ag test to virus culture, its sensitivity was 100.0% (24/24), specificity, 30.0% (18/60); positive predictive value, 36.3% (24/66); and negative predictive value (NPV), 100.0% (18/18). The positive sample for virus culture was observed until the ninth day from the onset of symptoms, while the Lumira Ag test was observed until day 11. Conclusions The Lumira Ag test showed high sensitivity and NPV (100% each) compared to virus culture. A test-based strategy using the Lumira Ag test can effectively exclude COVID-19 infectiousness.
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1050
Individuals with HIV Are Likely Targets for Long COVID
Filip, Iulia
AIDS, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023