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Malaria Journal, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Background Vector control using insecticides is a key prevention strategy against malaria. Unfortunately, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes threatens all progress in malaria control. In the perspective of managing this resistance, new insecticide formulations are being tested to improve the effectiveness of vector control tools. Methods The efficacy and residual activity of Pirikool® 300 CS was evaluated in comparison with Actellic® 300 CS in experimental huts at the Tiassalé experimental station on three substrates including cement, wood and mud. The mortality, blood-feeding inhibition, exiting behaviour and deterrency of free-flying wild mosquitoes was evaluated. Cone bioassay tests with susceptible and resistant mosquito strains were conducted in the huts to determine residual efficacy. Results A total of 20,505 mosquitoes of which 10,979 (53%) wild female Anopheles gambiae were collected for 112 nights. Residual efficacy obtained from monthly cone bioassay was higher than 80% with the susceptible, laboratory-maintained An. gambiae Kisumu strain, from the first to the tenth study period on all three types of treated substrate for both Actellic® 300CS and Pirikool® 300CS. This residual efficacy on the wild Tiassalé strain was over 80% until the 4th month of study on Pirikool® 300CS S treated substrates. Overall 24-h mortalities of wild free-flying An. gambiae sensu lato which entered in the experimental huts over the 8-months trial on Pirikool® 300CS treatment was 50.5%, 75.9% and 52.7%, respectively, on cement wall, wood wall and mud wall. The positive reference product Actellic® 300CS treatment induced mortalities of 42.0%, 51.8% and 41.8% on cement wall, wood wall and mud wall. Conclusion Pirikool® 300CS has performed really well against resistant strains of An. gambiae using indoor residual spraying method in experimental huts. It could be an alternative product for indoor residual spraying in response to the vectors\' resistance to insecticides.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Background In Uganda, village health workers (VHWs) manage childhood illness under the integrated community case management (iCCM) strategy. Care is provided for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea in a community setting. Currently, there is limited evidence on the cost-effectiveness of iCCM in comparison to health facility-based management for childhood illnesses. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of the management of childhood illness using the VHW-led iCCM against health facility-based services in rural south-western Uganda. Methods Data on the costs and effectiveness of VHW-led iCCM versus health facility-based services for the management of childhood illness was collected in one sub-county in rural southwestern Uganda. Costing was performed using the ingredients approach. Effectiveness was measured as the number of under-five children appropriately treated. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was calculated from the provider perspective. Results Based on the decision model for this study, the cost for 100 children treated was US$628.27 under the VHW led iCCM and US$87.19 for the health facility based services, while the effectiveness was 77 and 71 children treated for VHW led iCCM and health facility-based services, respectively. An ICER of US$6.67 per under five-year child treated appropriately for malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea was derived for the provider perspective. Conclusion The health facility based services are less costly when compared to the VHW led iCCM per child treated appropriately. The VHW led iCCM was however more effective with regard to the number of children treated appropriately for malaria, pneumonia and diarrhoea. Considering the public health expenditure per capita for Uganda as the willingness to pay threshold, VHW led iCCM is a cost-effective strategy. VHW led iCCM should, therefore, be enhanced and sustained as an option to complement the health facility-based services for treatment of childhood illness in rural contexts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Background In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) initiated three cycles of dihydroartemisin-piperaquine (DHA-PQ) mass drug administration (MDA) for children aged three months to 15 years within Bossangoa sub-prefecture, Central African Republic. Coverage, clinical impact, and community members perspectives were evaluated to inform the use of MDAs in humanitarian emergencies. Methods A household survey was undertaken after the MDA focusing on participation, recent illness among eligible children, and household satisfaction. Using routine surveillance data, the reduction during the MDA period compared to the same period of preceding two years in consultations, malaria diagnoses, malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) positivity in three MSF community healthcare facilities (HFs), and the reduction in severe malaria admissions at the regional hospital were estimated. Twenty-seven focus groups discussions (FGDs) with community members were conducted. Results Overall coverage based on the MDA card or verbal report was 94.3% (95% confidence interval (CI): 86.3–97.8%). Among participants of the household survey, 2.6% (95% CI 1.6–40.3%) of round 3 MDA participants experienced illness in the preceding four weeks compared to 30.6% (95% CI 22.1–40.8%) of MDA non-participants. One community HF experienced a 54.5% (95% CI 50.8–57.9) reduction in consultations, a 73.7% (95% CI 70.5–76.5) reduction in malaria diagnoses, and 42.9% (95% CI 36.0–49.0) reduction in the proportion of positive RDTs among children under five. A second community HF experienced an increase in consultations (+ 15.1% (− 23.3 to 7.5)) and stable malaria diagnoses (4.2% (3.9–11.6)). A third community HF experienced an increase in consultations (+ 41.1% (95% CI 51.2–31.8) and malaria diagnoses (+ 37.3% (95% CI 47.4–27.9)). There were a 25.2% (95% CI 2.0–42.8) reduction in hospital admissions with severe malaria among children under five from the MDA area. FGDs revealed community members perceived less illness among children because of the MDA, as well as fewer hospitalizations. Other indirect benefits such as reduced household expenditure on healthcare were also described. Conclusion The MDA achieved high coverage and community acceptance. While some positive health impact was observed, it was resource intensive, particularly in this rural context. The priority for malaria control in humanitarian contexts should remain diagnosis and treatment. MDA may be additional tool where the context supports its implementation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlberto Rizzo, Davide Dalu, Davide Moschese, Andrea Giacomelli
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Seyit Ali Büyüktuna, Serra İlayda Yerlitaş, Gözde Ertük Zararsız, Kübra Doğan, Demet Kablan, Gökhan Bağcı, Selda Özer, Cihad Baysal, Yasemin Çakır, Ahu Cephe, Necla Koçhan, Gökmen Zararsız, Halef Okan Doğan
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Junhao Luo, Yongjun Gao, Wenhui Guo, Song Zhao, Li Li, Zhuohan Zhang, Rongbao Gao
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Haleema Qayyum Abbasi, Aman Goyal, Abdul Moiz Khan
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, Juan Torres‐Macho, Maria Ruiz‐Ruigómez, Estibaliz Arrieta‐Ortubay, Carolina Rodríguez‐Rebollo, Míriam Akasbi‐Moltalvo, Virginia Pardo‐Guimerá, Pablo Ryan‐Murua, Carlos Lumbreras‐Bermejo, Oscar J. Pellicer‐Valero, Rocco Giordano, Lars Arendt‐Nielsen, Anabel Franco‐Moreno
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Qingyuan Li, Wenxian Wen, Yijin Wang, Tao Gong, Xinwei Wang, Qi Tan, Bin Fan, He Xie, Yujia Li, Shilin Li, Chunhui Yang, Zhonghui Zhou, Xiaoqiong Duan, Wenyu Lin, Limin Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Chen‐Hua Liu, Yu‐Ping Chang, Ji‐Yuh Lee, Chi‐Yi Chen, Wei‐Yu Kao, Chih‐Lin Lin, Sheng‐Shun Yang, Yu‐Lueng Shih, Cheng‐Yuan Peng, Fu‐Jen Lee, Ming‐Chang Tsai, Shang‐Chin Huang, Tung‐Hung Su, Tai‐Chung Tseng, Chun‐Jen Liu, Pei‐Jer Chen, Jia‐Horng Kao
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Haowen Qiao, Xiangxue Deng, Lingxi Qiu, Yafei Qu, Yuanpu Chiu, Feixiang Chen, Shangzhou Xia, Cheyene Muenzel, Tenghuan Ge, Zixin Zhang, Pengfei Song, Alexandre Bonnin, Zhen Zhao, Weiming Yuan
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Simms, Victoria; Kranzer, Katharina; Chikwari, Chido Dziva; Dauya, Ethel; BandasonMSc, Tsitsi; Dzavakwa, Nyasha; Ferrand, Rashida A
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Background: Perinatally acquired HIV may lead to worse health outcomes compared to later acquisition. We compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of youth diagnosed with HIV in childhood and adulthood, as a proxy for acquisition route (perinatal vs horizontal). Setting: Youth aged 18-24 years in 3 provinces in Zimbabwe Methods: In a representative population-based survey, participants were asked their HIV status, date of HIV diagnosis if positive, and whether they were diagnosed in childhood. A dried blood spot was taken to measure viral load. Multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear modelling was used to estimate the association between HIV acquisition time and viral non-suppression (≥1000 copies/ml). Results: 17,682 participants (60.8% female) were enrolled, 17553 (99.3%) gave a DBS sample, 1200 (6.8%) tested HIV antibody positive (7 indeterminate results) and 26 reported being HIV positive without confirmation. Of the 1226 participants living with HIV, 435 (35.5%) self-reported they were HIV-positive, of whom 196 (45.1%) were diagnosed in childhood (median age 7 years). A higher proportion of adult-diagnosed than child-diagnosed participants were female (91.2% vs 76.5%), had ever had sex (93.3% vs 61.5%), been married/cohabiting (59.4% vs 19.4%) and been pregnant (78.9% of women vs 40.0%). A lower proportion had viral suppression (39.3% vs 52.5%). Adjusting for sex, age, marital status and education, those diagnosed as children had higher odds of viral non-suppression (adjusted odds ratio=1.83, 95%CI 1.17-2.85, p=0.008). Conclusion: Youth who acquired HIV perinatally have differentiated care needs and greater risk of viral non-suppression compared to those who acquired HIV later. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicolau, Ioana A.; Moineddin, Rahim; Brooks, Jennifer D.; Antoniou, Tony; Gillis, Jennifer L.; Kendall, Claire E.; Cooper, Curtis; Cotterchio, Michelle; Salters, Kate; Smieja, Marek; Kroch, Abigail E.; Price, Colleen; Mohamed, Anthony; Burchell, Ann N.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of infection-related cancers than the general population which could be due, in part, to immune dysfunction. Our objective was to examine associations between four CD4 count measures as indicators of immune function and infection-related and -unrelated cancer risk. Setting: We conducted a cohort study of adults with HIV who were diagnosed with cancer in Ontario, Canada. Incident cancers were identified from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2020. Methods: We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for the associations between CD4 measures (baseline CD4, nadir CD4, time-updated CD4, time-updated CD4:CD8) and cancer incidence rates using competing risk analyses, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, history of hepatitis B or C infection, baseline viral load, smoking, and alcohol use. Results: Among 4,771 people with HIV, contributing 59,111 person-years of observation, a total of 549 cancers were observed. Low baseline CD4 (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPence, Brian W.; Darnell, Doyanne; Ranna-Stewart, Minu; Psaros, Christine; Gaynes, Bradley N.; Grimes, LaKendra; Henderson, Savannah; Parman, Mariel; Filipowicz, Teresa R.; Gaddis, Kathy; Dorsey, Shannon; Mugavero, Michael J.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Background: Depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress (PTS), and alcohol/substance use disorders are prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), commonly co-occur, and predict worse HIV care outcomes. Transdiagnostic counseling approaches simultaneously address multiple co-occurring mental health disorders. Methods: We conducted a pilot individually randomized trial of the Common Elements Treatment Approach adapted for people with HIV (CETA-PWH), a transdiagnostic counseling intervention, compared to usual care at a large academic medical center in the southern US. Participants were adults with HIV, at risk for HIV care disengagement, with elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTS, and/or alcohol/substance use. Mental health and HIV care engagement were assessed at four and nine months. Results: Among participants (n=60), follow-up was high at four (92%) and nine (85%) months. Intervention engagement was challenging: 93% attended ≥1 session, 43% attended ≥6 sessions in three months (“moderate dose”), and 30% completed treatment. While not powered for effectiveness, mental health outcomes and HIV appointment attendance improved in CETA-PWH relative to usual care in intent-to-treat analyses; those receiving a moderate dose and completers showed progressively greater improvement. Viral load showed small differences between arms. The dose-response pattern was not explained by differences between those who did and did not complete treatment. Conclusions: This pilot trial provides preliminary evidence for the potential of CETA-PWH to simultaneously address co-occurring mental health co-morbidities and support HIV appointment attendance among PWH. Additional strategies may be an important part of ensuring that clients can engage in the full course of treatment and realize its full benefits. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHallarn, Jason; Scheim, Ayden I.; Bauer, Greta R.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Foley, Jacklyn D.; Bernier, Lauren B.; Ngo, Long; Batchelder, Abigail W.; O’Cleirigh, Conall; Lydston, Melissa; Yeh, Gloria
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
People with HIV (PWH) are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Psycho-behavioral therapies are capable of targeting the pathophysiology underlying HIV-CVD comorbidity. This study synthesized findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psycho-behavioral therapies for reducing CVD risk among PWH following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (1) utilized an RCT design, (2) evaluated a cognitive-behavioral or mindfulness-based therapy, (3) sampled adults (age ≥18 years) with HIV, (4) measured a behavioral (e.g., diet) or biological (e.g., immune functioning) CVD risk factor, and (5) published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal. Electronic searches were conducted in six databases (e.g., MEDLINE) using controlled vocabulary and free-text synonyms for HIV, psycho-behavioral therapy, and CVD risk. Data were independently extracted with consensus reached. Outcomes were immune activation, tobacco-smoking, stress, inflammation, and physical activity from 33 studies. There were stronger effects for psycho-behavioral interventions compared to controls on CD4 (Hedge’s g=0.262, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=0.127, 0.396) and tobacco-smoking abstinence (Hedge’s g=0.537, 95% CI=0.215, 0.86). There were no differences or insufficient data for stress, inflammation, or physical activity. No eligible studies examined psycho-behavioral interventions on blood pressure, lipids, or weight in PWH. There is increasing importance to further invest in broader CVD risk reduction effort for PWH that include psycho-behavioral intervention strategies. People with HIV (PWH) are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Psycho-behavioral therapies are capable of targeting the pathophysiology underlying HIV-CVD comorbidity. This study synthesized findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psycho-behavioral therapies for reducing CVD risk among PWH following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria were: (1) utilized an RCT design, (2) evaluated a cognitive-behavioral or mindfulness-based therapy, (3) sampled adults (age ≥18 years) with HIV, (4) measured a behavioral (e.g., diet) or biological (e.g., immune functioning) CVD risk factor, and (5) published in an English-language peer-reviewed journal. Electronic searches were conducted in six databases (e.g., MEDLINE) using controlled vocabulary and free-text synonyms for HIV, psycho-behavioral therapy, and CVD risk. Data were independently extracted with consensus reached. Outcomes were immune activation, tobacco-smoking, stress, inflammation, and physical activity from 33 studies. There were stronger effects for psycho-behavioral interventions compared to controls on CD4 (Hedge’s g=0.262, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]=0.127, 0.396) and tobacco-smoking abstinence (Hedge’s g=0.537, 95% CI=0.215, 0.86). There were no differences or insufficient data for stress, inflammation, or physical activity. No eligible studies examined psycho-behavioral interventions on blood pressure, lipids, or weight in PWH. There is increasing importance to further invest in broader CVD risk reduction effort for PWH that include psycho-behavioral intervention strategies. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShorer, Ef; Dastgheyb, Rm; French, Al; Daubert, E; Morack, R; Yohannes, T; Clish, C; Gustafson, D; Sharma, A; Rogando, A; Qi, Q; Burgess, H; Rubin, Lh; Weber, Km
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Background: Immune and cognitive dysfunction persists even in virally suppressed women with HIV (VS-WWH). Since inflammation and HIV proteins induce the enzyme IDO (indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase), converting tryptophan (T) to kynurenine (K) while producing downstream neurotoxic metabolites, we investigated IDO activation (KT ratio) in relation to cognition in VS-WWH and demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Methods: 99 VS-WWH on stable antiretroviral therapy and 102 WWoH (median age 52 vs 54 years; 73% vs 74% Black respectively) from the New York and Chicago sites of the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing motor function, processing speed, attention/working memory, verbal fluency, verbal learning and memory, and executive function) and had plasma measured for TK metabolites via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and monocyte derived (sCD14, sCD163, MCP-1/CCL-2) plus general inflammatory markers (TNF-RII, hsCRP, hsIL-6) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays between 2017-20. Results: VS-WWH had a higher KT ratio (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaladhi, Unmesha Roy; Katz, David A.; Otieno, George; Hughes, James P.; Thirumurthy, Harsha; Lagat, Harison; Masyuko, Sarah; Sharma, Monisha; Macharia, Paul; Bosire, Rose; Mugambi, Mary; Kariithi, Edward; Farquhar, Carey
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Background Incentives have shown mixed results in increasing HIV testing rates in low-resource settings. We investigated the effectiveness of offering additional self-tests (HIVSTs) as an incentive to increase testing among partners receiving assisted partner services. Setting Western Kenya Methods We conducted a single-crossover study nested within a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four facilities were randomized 1:1 to 1) control: provider-delivered testing, or 2) intervention: offered one HIVST or provider-delivered testing for six months (pre-implementation), then switched to offering two HIVSTs for six months (post-implementation). A difference-in-differences approach using generalized linear mixed models, accounting for facility clustering and adjusting for age, sex, and income, was used to estimate the effect of the incentive on HIV testing and first-time testing among partners in APS. Results March 2021-June 2022, 1127 index clients received APS and named 8155 partners, among whom 2333 reported a prior HIV diagnosis and were excluded from analyses, resulting in 5822 remaining partners: 3646 (62.6%) and 2176 (37.4%) in the pre- and post-implementation periods respectively. Overall, 944/2176 (43%) partners were offered a second HIVST during post-implementation, of whom 34.3% picked up two kits, of whom 71.7% reported that the second kit encouraged HIV testing. Comparing partners offered one vs. two HIVSTs showed no difference in HIV testing (relative risk[RR]:1.01, 95%Confidence Interval[CI]:0.951-1.07) or HIV testing for the first time (RR:1.23, 95%CI:0.671-2.24). Conclusions Offering a second HIVST as an incentive within APS did not significantly impact HIV testing or first-time testing, although those opting for two kits reported it incentivized them to test. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYan, Cynthia Y.; Cooley, Sarah A.; Ances, Beau M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Objective: This study examined whether the revised VACS2.0 index (including serum albumin, body mass index (BMI), and white blood cell (WBC) count) had stronger correlations with cognitive function, brain volume, and frailty in PWH ≥ 50 years compared to the VACS1.0. Design and Methods: Neuropsychological performance (NP) Z-scores (learning, retention, executive functioning (EF), psychomotor function/processing speed (PM/PS), language, and global cognition), and neuroimaging measures (brain volumetrics) were analyzed in PWH (n = 162). A subset of the sample (n = 159) was defined as either frail (n = 18) or non-frail (n = 141) according to the Fried phenotype criteria. Brain volumes, NP scores, and frailty subgroups were analyzed with both VACS scores, albumin, BMI, and WBC count using Pearson\'s significance tests and independent T-tests. Results: Higher VACS scores significantly correlated with lower brain volumes. Higher VACS2.0 scores were associated with lower NP in the EF and PM/PS domains and were primarily driven by albumin. VACS1.0 scores did not correlate with cognition Z-scores. There was no relationship between frailty status and VACS1.0. PWH who were frail had significantly greater VACS2.0 scores than non-frail PWH. Conclusions: The addition of albumin to the VACS index improved its correlations with NP and frailty in PWH. While low albumin levels may contribute to cognitive decline or frailty, the reverse causality should also be considered. These findings suggest that the VACS2.0 index (especially albumin) is a valuable measure for clinicians to improve outcomes in PWH. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNiels Nørskov-Lauritsen, Lars PS Riber, Esad Dzajic, Kenneth Prangsgaard
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
The widespread use of implantable prosthetic material has increased the incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) and modified the spectrum of causative microorganisms. Foreign body surfaces constitute a distinct target for adherence, and Cutibacterium acnes now accounts for 6-10% of prosthetic IE cases [1]. C. acnes is a recognized agent of various prosthetic infections, but reports of Cutibacterium avidum infections are not frequent [2]. A comprehensive list of C. avidum case reports up to 2018 is available [3], but only three cases of IE are included, all preceded by aortic valve replacement.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDingmei Zhang, Shuang Liu, Bo Peng, Xiaolu Shi, Tingsong Weng, Dajun Fang, Lijie Lu, Xiang Meng, Husheng Xiong, Xiaomin Zhang, Jing Qu, Jiayi Zhong, Ping Wang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Pregnant women and infants are at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to the general population. In addition to an increased likelihood of hospitalization, requiring intensive care, and death [1], pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 are prone to adverse perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth and pre-eclampsia [2]. Although mother-to-child transmission is rare, young children, especially infants, are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection after birth due to their immature immune systems [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaria Paula de Souza Sampaio, Mateus Santana do Rosário, Lorena Cunha Martins, Luiza Vieira Luedy Trindade, Marcos Vinicius Lima de Oliveira Francisco, Bernardo Gratival Gouvea Costa, Gessica Almeida Vasconcelos, Italo Andrade Barbosa Lima, Yasmin Santos Freitas Macêdo, Fernanda Maria Lessa Carvalho, Marina Borges Rabelo de Santana, Ricardo Khouri, Hegger Fritsch, Joilson Xavier, Vagner Fonseca, Marta Giovanetti, Arabela Leal e Silva de Mello, Felicidade Mota Pereira, Gubio Soares Campos, Pedro Antonio Pereira de Jesus, Daniel Santana Farias, Murilo de Santos Souza, Adilson Junior Pinto Galvão, Felipe Oliveira Costa, Marcia Carvalho Bessa, Janeusa Rita Leite Primo Chagas, Celia Silvany, Jose Mário Meira Teles, Maricelia Maia de Lima, Tarsis Leonardo Almeida Farias, Tiago Gräf, Isadora Cristina de Siqueira
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Viral encephalitis is mainly characterized by fever, headache, and decreased consciousness. Although, in most cases, the underlying cause of encephalitis is unknown, viruses of the Herpesviridae family are the most common, accounting for 50 to 75% of identified agents [1]. In the Americas, the most common arboviruses related to encephalitis are West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) [1]. On the other hand, encephalitis has uncommonly been associated with Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV), and Zika (ZIKV) viral infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah Browning, Nicole M. White, Edward Raby, Joshua S. Davis, Brett G. Mitchell
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Gown and glove use as a component of ‘contact precautions’ was first recommended by the United States Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) in 1996 and remains widely adhered to today (1, 2). Despite a lack of randomised trial evidence in support of this practice, donning of gowns and gloves upon entry to the patient area (room or cubicle) continues to be ‘strongly recommended’ when the patient is infected or colonised with pathogens of epidemiological importance and the potential for contact transmission (3).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGaud Catho, Charlotte Cave, Rebecca Grant, Jennifer Carry, Yves Martin, Gesuele Renzi, Aude Nguyen, Niccolò Buetti, Jacques Schrenzel, Stephan Harbarth
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
The hospital water environment is an important reservoir of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and presents a risk for patient safety. We assessed the effectiveness of thermal and chemical interventions on sinks contaminated with MDRO in hospital setting.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPriya Venkatesan
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
With recent studies showing nirsevimab infant immunisation significantly reduced respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-related hospital admissions, and a maternal vaccine associated with significantly fewer RSV infections in infants, the outlook for RSV prevention in children is encouraging.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJue Tao Lim, Somya Bansal, Chee Seng Chong, Borame Dickens, Youming Ng, Lu Deng, Caleb Lee, Li Yun Tan, Grace Chain, Pei Ma, Shuzhen Sim, Cheong Huat Tan, Alex R Cook, Lee Ching Ng
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Our results demonstrated the potential of Wolbachia-mediated incompatible insect technique for strengthening dengue control in tropical cities, where dengue burden is the greatest.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexander Kay, Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Bariki Mtafya, Jose Euberto Mendez Reyes, Nontobeko Maphalala, Shilzia Munguambe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Tara Ness, Belen Saavedra, Jason Bacha, Gugu Maphalala, Rojelio Mejia, Godwin Mtetwa, Sozinho Acacio, Patricia Manjate, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Nokwanda Kota, Mangaliso Ziyane, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Christoph Lange, H Lester Kirchner, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Stool4TB Global Partnership
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
In this study, a novel qPCR for the diagnosis of tuberculosis from stool specimens had a higher accuracy in adolescents and adults than the current diagnostic PCR gold standard on stool, Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra, and equivalent sensitivity to Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra on sputum.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTian Tang, Ying Zhu, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Jin-Jin Chen, Jian-Bo Tian, Qiang Xu, Bao-Gui Jiang, Guo-Lin Wang, Nick Golding, Max L Mehlman, Chen-Long Lv, Simon I Hay, Li-Qun Fang, Wei Liu
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
The predicted high-risk regions are considerably larger than in previous reports. Identification, surveillance, and diagnosis of RFGB infections should be prioritised in high-risk areas, especially within low-income regions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicholas M Fountain-Jones, Robert Vanhaeften, Jan Williamson, Janelle Maskell, I-Ly J Chua, Michael Charleston, Louise Cooley
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Molnupiravir treatment in immunocompromised patients led to the accumulation of a distinctive pattern of mutations beyond the recommended 5 days of treatment. Treated patients maintained persistent PCR positivity for the duration of monitoring, indicating clear potential for transmission and subsequent emergence of novel variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKaren M Elias, Shanchita R Khan, Eva Stadler, Timothy E Schlub, Deborah Cromer, Mark N Polizzotto, Stephen J Kent, Tari Turner, Miles P Davenport, David S Khoury
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Despite the aggregation of studies with differing designs, and evidence of risk of bias in some virological outcomes, this review provides evidence that treatment-induced acceleration of viral clearance within the first 5 days after treatment is a potential surrogate of clinical efficacy to prevent hospitalisation with COVID-19. This work supports the use of viral clearance as an early phase clinical trial endpoint of therapeutic efficacy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJillian S Paull, Brittany A Petros, Taylor M Brock-Fisher, Samantha A Jalbert, Victoria M Selser, Katelyn S Messer, Sabrina T Dobbins, Katherine C DeRuff, Davy Deng, Michael Springer, Pardis C Sabeti
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
RDT-derived swabs are a reasonable alternative to PCR swabs for viral genomic surveillance and outbreak investigation. RDT-derived lateral flow strips yield accurate, but significantly fewer, viral reads than matched PCR swabs. Metagenomic sequencing of negative RDTs can identify viruses that might underlie patient symptoms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Golparian, Michelle J Cole, Leonor Sánchez-Busó, Michaela Day, Susanne Jacobsson, Thinushaa Uthayakumaran, Raquel Abad, Beatrice Bercot, Dominique A Caugant, Dagmar Heuer, Klaus Jansen, Sonja Pleininger, Paola Stefanelli, David M Aanensen, Benjamin Bluemel, Magnus Unemo, Euro-GASP study group
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Azithromycin-resistant clones, mainly with mtrD mosaic or semi-mosaic variants, appear to be stabilising at a relatively high level in the EEA. This mostly low-level azithromycin resistance might threaten the recommended ceftriaxone-azithromycin therapy, but the negligible ceftriaxone resistance is encouraging. The decreased genomic population diversity and increased clonality could be explained in part by the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in lower importation of novel strains into Europe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQingqing Fang, Xin Yin, Yanling He, Yan Feng, Linwan Zhang, Huan Luo, Geng Yin, Alan McNally, Zhiyong Zong
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Colonisation by bacterial pathogens typically precedes invasive infection and seeds transmission. Thus, effective decolonisation strategies are urgently needed. The literature reports attempts to use phages for decolonisation. To assess the in-vivo efficacy and safety of phages for bacterial decolonisation, we performed a systematic review by identifying relevant studies to assess the in-vivo efficacy and safety of phages for bacterial decolonisation. We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify relevant articles published between Jan 1, 1990, and May 12, 2023, without language restrictions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiang, X., Jiang, H.
BMJ Open, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
IntroductionDementia is a growing public health concern, and providing long-term care for individuals affected by this condition is challenging for their family caregivers. While researchers have explored various intervention options to provide psychological support for dementia caregivers, mentalising imagery therapy (MIT) has gained significant recognition as an effective programme. Despite its significance and effectiveness, there is a lack of comprehensive scoping reviews of MIT in dementia caregiving. Thus, conducting such a review can provide valuable insights into the status and outcomes of MIT, identify gaps in existing research and provide recommendations for a more effective clinical practice. Methods and analysisThis study proposes a scoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute, Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework, as well as the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review Extension. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases will be searched while grey literature will be retrieved via Google Scholar. Covidence will be used to manage the literature selection process and remove duplicate publications. Two researchers will independently screen the literature according to the inclusion criteria, with any discrepancies resolved through discussions with a third researcher. Data will be presented in a structured tabular format, with a narrative synthesis providing an overview of the findings on the identified research gaps and the effectiveness of MIT in the field of dementia caregiving. Ethics and disseminationIn a scoping review, no ethical approval is necessary. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration numberThe scoping review protocol has been registered with Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FHRG8).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFejrskov, A., Füchtbauer, J. D., Davithsdottir, L. G., Halfvarson, J., Hoivik, M. L., Jensen, M. D., Mortensen, J. H., Nielsen, L. N., Rejler, M., Repsilber, D., Söderholm, J. D., Aalykke, C., Andersen, V., Christensen, R., Kjeldsen, J.
BMJ Open, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, can be challenging to diagnose, and treatment outcomes are difficult to predict. In the NORDTREAT cohort study, a Nordic prospective multicentre study, we aim to identify novel molecular biomarkers of diagnostic value by assessing the diagnostic test accuracy (cross-sectionally), as well as the prognostic utility when used as prognostic markers in the long-term (cohort study). In the diagnostic test accuracy study, the primary outcome is a successful diagnosis using one or more novel index tests at baseline compared with the ECCO criteria as the reference standard. The composite outcome of the prognostic utility study is ‘severe IBD’ within 52 weeks from inclusion, defined as one or more of the following three events: IBD-related surgery, IBD-related hospitalisation or IBD-related death. Methods and analysisWe aim to recruit 800 patients referred on suspicion of IBD to this longitudinal observational study, a collaboration between 11 inclusion sites in Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. Inclusion will occur from February 2022 until December 2023 with screening and baseline visits for all participants and three outcome visits at weeks 12, 26 and 52 after baseline for IBD-diagnosed patients. Biological material (blood, faeces, biopsies, urine and hair), clinical data and lifestyle information will be collected during these scheduled visits. Ethics and disseminationThis study will explore novel biomarkers to improve diagnostic accuracy and prediction of disease progression, thereby improving medical therapy and the quality of life for patients with IBD. The study is approved by the Ethics Committee (DK: S-20200051, v1.4, 16.10.2021; IS: VSNb2021070006/03.01, NO: 193064; SE: DNR 2021-05090) and the Danish Data Protecting Agency (20/54594). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, patient associations and presentations at international conferences. Clinical trial registration number NCT05414578; Pre-results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAndrea Du Toit
Nat Rev Microbiol, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Elizabeth Waymire, Jeanne N. Samake, Isuru Gunarathna, Tamar E. Carter
Trends in Parasitology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Anopheles stephensi is an invasive malaria vector in Africa that has been implicated in malaria outbreaks in the Horn of Africa. In 10 years, it has been detected as far east as Djibouti and as far west as Ghana. Early detections were mostly incidental, but now active surveillance in Africa has been updated to include An. stephensi. Morphological identification of An. stephensi from native vectors can be challenging, thus, sequence-based assays have been used to confirm identification during initial detections. Methods of sequence-based identification of An. stephensi have varied across initial detections to date. Here, we summarize initial detections, make suggestions that could provide a standardized approach, and discuss how sequences can inform additional genomic studies beyond species identification.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWendy Figueroa, Daniel Cazares, Adrian Cazares
Trends in Microbiology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Phages and plasmids are discrete mobile genetic elements (MGEs) with critical roles in gene dissemination across bacteria but limited scope for exchanging DNA between them. By investigating recent gene-sharing events, Pfeifer and Rocha describe how the hybrid elements phage-plasmids (P-Ps) promote gene flow between MGE types and evolve into new ones.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZihao Zhao, Chie Amano, Thomas Reinthaler, Mónica V. Orellana, Gerhard J. Herndl
Science Advances, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Ida Rask Moustsen-Helms, Peter Bager, Tine Graakjær Larsen, Frederik Trier Møller, Lasse Skafte Vestergaard, Morten Rasmussen, Christian Holm Hansen, SSI-DMC Study Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Compared with other SARS-CoV-2 variants, BA.2.86 and the JN.1 sublineage were less sensitive to vaccine-induced immune protection from the XBB.1.5 updated COVID-19 vaccine; however, we found no evidence that infection with BA.2.86 or JN.1 resulted in increased disease severity or different symptom profiles. Although less effective against the new variants, XBB.1.5 vaccination remains protective and reduces the risk of infection and COVID-19 disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJing Lian, Yisheng Xu, Ji Shi, Pengpeng Liu, Yue Hua, Chao Zhang, Tianhang Ren, Guoming Su, Shizan Cheng, Zixuan Nie, Tianzhu Jia
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
by Jing Lian, Yisheng Xu, Ji Shi, Pengpeng Liu, Yue Hua, Chao Zhang, Tianhang Ren, Guoming Su, Shizan Cheng, Zixuan Nie, Tianzhu Jia Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of renal function with a high mortality rate and inflammation is thought to be the underlying cause. The phenylpropanoid components acteoside (ACT) and isoacteoside (ISO), which were isolated from Cistanche deserticola Y.C.Ma, have been reported to have preventive effects against kidney disorders. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties and protective mechanisms of ACT and ISO. In this investigation, kidney function was assessed using a semi-automatic biochemical analyzer, histopathology was examined using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and immunohistochemistry, and the concentration of inflammatory cytokines was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. In addition, using Western blot and q-PCR, the expression of proteins and genes connected to the NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI was found. The findings showed that under AKI intervention in LPS group, ACT group and ISO group, the expression of Rela (Rela gene is responsible for the expression of NFκB p65 protein) and Tlr4 mRNA was considerably elevated (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRahmat Dapari, Muhamad Zazali Fikri Mohd Yusop, Dharsshini Chinnasamy, Nurul Izati Zakaria, Siti Munisah Mohd Shoaib, Mohd Erfan Edros
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
by Rahmat Dapari, Muhamad Zazali Fikri Mohd Yusop, Dharsshini Chinnasamy, Nurul Izati Zakaria, Siti Munisah Mohd Shoaib, Mohd Erfan Edros Introduction Malaria is a vector-borne disease that initially manifests as fever, headache, and chills. The illness could progress to more severe conditions, including lethargy, impaired consciousness, convulsions, shortness of breath, blood in urine, jaundice, and haemorrhage if left untreated. The risk of contracting malaria is considerably heightened in specific occupational settings, particularly among forest rangers, following frequent exposure to natural habitats. Consequently, advancing the understanding of malaria and emphasising how specific occupational environments (including those of forest rangers) contribute to disease risk and management is imperative. Objective The present study aims to determine the factors associated with malaria infection among forest rangers by systematically reviewing electronic articles from three databases (EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate). Methods The current review was prepared based on the updated preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. First, three independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts of the data collected. The information was then stored in Endnote20 based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were critically appraised with the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) to assess their quality. Result A total of 103, 31, and 51 articles from EBSCOhost, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate, respectively, were selected, resulting in 185 unique hits. Nevertheless, only 63 full-text publications were assessed following a rigorous selection screening, from which only five were included in the final review. The studies revealed that several factors contribute to malaria infection among forest rangers. The parameters were classified into sociodemographic, individual, and living condition-related. Conclusion A better understanding of malaria progresses and identifying its potential risk factors is essential to impact worker well-being. The findings might be utilised to improve malaria infection prevention programme implementations, hence maximising their success. Pre-employment and regular health screenings could also aid in evaluating and identifying potential risks for malaria infection among forest rangers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAgnieszka Kasperska, Anna Matysiak, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
by Agnieszka Kasperska, Anna Matysiak, Ewa Cukrowska-Torzewska Work from home (WFH) has been a part of the professional landscape for over two decades, yet it was the COVID-19 pandemic that has substantially increased its prevalence. The impact of WFH on careers is rather ambiguous, and a question remains open about how this effect is manifested in the current times considering the recent extensive and widespread use of WFH during the pandemic. To answer these questions, this article investigates whether managerial preferences for promotion, salary increase and training allowance depend on employee engagement in WFH. We take into account the employee’s gender, parental status as well as the frequency of WFH. Furthermore, we examine whether managers’ experience with WFH and its prevalence in the team moderate the effect of WFH on careers. An online survey experiment was run on a sample of over 1,000 managers from the United Kingdom. The experiment was conducted between July and December 2022. The findings indicate that employees who WFH are less likely to be considered for promotion, salary increase and training than on-site workers. The pay and promotion penalties for WFH are particularly true for men (both fathers and non-fathers) and childless women, but not mothers. We also find that employees operating in teams with a higher prevalence of WFH do not experience negative career effects when working from home. Additionally, the more WFH experience the manager has, the lesser the career penalty for engaging in this mode of working. Our study not only provides evidence on WFH and career outcomes in the post-pandemic context but also furthers previous understanding of how WFH impacts careers by showing its effect across different groups of employees, highlighting the importance of familiarisation and social acceptance of flexible working arrangements in their impact on career outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJinli Wang, Daniel A. Lai, Joshua J. Wang, Sarah X. Zhang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
by Jinli Wang, Daniel A. Lai, Joshua J. Wang, Sarah X. Zhang Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in working-age adults. The hallmark features of DR include vascular leakage, capillary loss, retinal ischemia, and aberrant neovascularization. Although the pathophysiology is not fully understood, accumulating evidence supports elevated reactive oxygen species associated with increased activity of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) as major drivers of disease progression. Previously, we have shown that Nox4 upregulation in retinal endothelial cells by diabetes leads to increased vascular leakage by an unknown mechanism. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) is a cell surface molecule that is highly expressed in endothelial cells and regulates endothelial barrier function. In the present study, using endothelial cell-specific human Nox4 transgenic (TG) mice and endothelial cell-specific Nox4 conditional knockout (cKO) mice, we investigated the impact of Nox4 upregulation on PECAM-1 expression in mouse retinas and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Additionally, cultured human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) transduced with adenovirus overexpressing human Nox4 were used in the study. We found that overexpression of Nox4 increases PECAM-1 mRNA but has no effect on its protein expression in the mouse retina, BMECs, or HRECs. Furthermore, PECAM-1 mRNA and protein expression was unchanged in BMECs isolated from cKO mice compared to wild type (WT) mice with or without 2 months of diabetes. Together, these findings do not support a significant role of Nox4 in the regulation of PECAM-1 expression in the diabetic retina and endothelial cells. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the mechanism of Nox4-induced vascular leakage by investigating other intercellular junctional proteins in endothelial cells and their implications in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Fracture-related infections (FRI) pose a difficult management problem, as they require numerous surgical interventions and extended antibiotic treatments, especially when a multidrug-resistant organism is involved, with a paucity of available literature that provides guidance. Results A 42 year-old male presents an open diaphyseal tibia and fibula fracture, complicated by soft tissue necrosis and infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (XDR-Ab). Initially treated with a damage control external fixator, the patient underwent multiple surgical procedures, including radical debridement, negative pressure wound therapy, external fixator revisions and reconstructive surgery using a latissimus dorsi free flap. The emergence of colistin resistance in the Acinetobacter baumannii strain led to the compassionate use of cefiderocol, finally achieving clinical cure. Conclusions This case report is one of the firsts that highlights the potential efficacy of cefiderocol in treating challenging bone and joint infections sustained by XDR-Ab. The successful outcome also emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in achieving favorable results in complex FRI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMasanyiwa Ernest JamesHelga NaburiSabina MugusiPeter P. KunambiTosi MwakyandileRajabu Hussein MnkugweMohamed Ally KhalfanMainen J. MoshiOmary M. MinziPhilip Sasi1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Campus College of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania2Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania3Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Campus College of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania4Department of Biological and Pre-clinical Studies, Institute of Traditional Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania5Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Cooper, K., Duncan, E., Hart-Winks, E., Cowie, J., Shim, J., Stage, E., Tooman, T., Alexander, L., Love, A., Morris, J. H., Ormerod, J., Preston, J., Swinton, P.
BMJ Open, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
ObjectivesTo explore the experience of accessing Long COVID community rehabilitation from the perspectives of people with Long COVID and general practitioners (GPs). DesignQualitative descriptive study employing one-to-one semistructured virtual interviews analysed using the framework method. SettingFour National Health Service Scotland territorial health boards. Participants11 people with Long COVID (1 male, 10 female; aged 40–65 (mean 53) and 13 GPs (5 male, 8 female). ResultsFour key themes were identified: (1) The lived experience of Long COVID, describing the negative impact of Long COVID on participants’ health and quality of life; (2) The challenges of an emergent and complex chronic condition, including uncertainties related to diagnosis and management; (3) Systemic challenges for Long COVID service delivery, including lack of clear pathways for access and referral, siloed services, limited resource and a perceived lack of holistic care, and (4) Perceptions and experiences of Long COVID and its management, including rehabilitation. In this theme, a lack of knowledge by GPs and people with Long COVID on the potential role of community rehabilitation for Long COVID was identified. Having prior knowledge of rehabilitation or being a healthcare professional appeared to facilitate access to community rehabilitation. Finally, people with Long COVID who had received rehabilitation had generally found it beneficial. ConclusionsThere are several patient, GP and service-level barriers to accessing community rehabilitation for Long COVID. There is a need for greater understanding by the public, GPs and other potential referrers of the role of community rehabilitation professionals in the management of Long COVID. There is also a need for community rehabilitation services to be well promoted and accessible to the people with Long COVID for whom they may be appropriate. The findings of this study can be used by those (re)designing community rehabilitation services for people with Long COVID.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDennis, C.-L., Abbass-Dick, J., Birken, C., Dennis-Grantham, A., Goyal, D., Singla, D., Letourneau, N., McQueen, K., Shorey, S., Dol, J.
BMJ Open, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
IntroductionPreconception care is the provision of behavioural, social or biomedical interventions to women and couples prior to conception. To date, preconception research has primarily focused on maternal health, despite the male partner’s contribution before birth to both short-term and long-term child outcomes. The objectives of the reviews are: (1) to identify, consolidate and analyse the literature on paternal preconception health on pregnancy and intrapartum outcomes, and (2) to identify, consolidate and analyse the literature on paternal preconception health on postpartum and early childhood outcomes. Methods and analysisA scoping review will be conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and CINAHL databases will be searched for articles published in English. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and then full text using Covidence, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Data extraction will be performed using Covidence. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required for this scoping review. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals as well as presented at relevant national and international conferences and meetings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhang, Q., Lu, C., Wu, S., He, J., Wang, H., Li, J., Wu, Z., Ta, B., Yang, B., Liao, S., Wang, L., Chen, H., Li, M., He, W., Wang, Y., Jiang, L., Zhao, J.-H., Nie, L.
BMJ Open, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
ObjectivesThe study aims to identify the outcome and the related factors of unvaccinated patients with end-stage kidney disease during the Omicron pandemic. DesignA multicentre retrospective study of patients with end-stage kidney disease undergone maintenance haemodialysis (HD) in China. Setting6 HD centres in China. ParticipantsA total of 654 HD patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were ultimately included in the study. Outcome measuresThe primary outcomes of interest were adverse outcomes, including hospitalisation due to COVID-19 and all-cause mortality. ResultsThe average age of the patients was 57 years, with 33.6% of them being over 65 years. Among the patients, 57.5% were male. During the follow-up period, 158 patients (24.2%) experienced adverse outcomes, and 93 patients (14.2%) died. The majority of patients (88/158) developed adverse outcomes within 30 days, and most deaths (77/93) occurred within 1 month. An advanced multivariable Cox regression analysis identified that adverse outcomes were associated with various factors while all-cause mortality was related to advanced age, male gender, high levels of C reactive protein (CRP) and low levels of prealbumin. The Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated significantly higher all-cause mortality rates in the older, male, high CRP and low prealbumin subgroups. ConclusionsAmong unvaccinated HD patients with confirmed Omicron infections, various factors were found to be linked to adverse outcomes. Notably, age, sex, CRP and prealbumin had a substantial impact on the risk of all-cause mortality.
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