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BMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background Diarrhoeal diseases are common among children in low- and middle-income countries and are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Cryptosporidium and Giardia are considered to be the main parasitic causes of diarrhoea in children. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection in children under five years of age presenting at two health centres (Ndirande and Limbe) in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed from February to July 2019 and included 972 children under 5 years of age with diarrhoea. Stool samples were immediately tested after collection at enrolment with a rapid diagnostic test for Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the prevalence of these protozoan parasitic infections, and differences in the basic demographic and anthroponotic variables (between children with diarrhoea and parasite infection, being either Cryptosporidium and Giardia or both versus children with diarrhoea but no RDT confirmed parasite infection) were assessed. Their association with Cryptosporidium and Giardia infection was analysed using simple logistic regressions. Results Of the children recruited, 88 (9.1%) tested positive for Cryptosporidium and 184 (18.9%) for Giardia. Children with only a Giardia infection or a coinfection (of both parasites) were significantly older (mean age 24–26 months) compared to children with only a Cryptosporidium infection (mean age 13 months) or no parasitic infection (mean age 14 months). No significant differences were found with respect to gender, body temperature, stunting or wasting between the different groups of children with moderate to severe diarrhoea. Children attending the Ndirande health centre had almost two times higher odds of testing positive for both infections than those attending Limbe health centre. Conclusion Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections are highly prevalent in children
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background The mortality rate of sepsis-associated liver injury (SALI) is relatively high, but there is currently no authoritative prognostic criterion for the outcome of SALI. Meanwhile, lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR) has been confirmed to be associated with mortality rates in conditions such as sepsis, heart failure, and respiratory failure. However, there is a scarcity of research reporting on the association between LAR and SALI. This study aimed to elucidate the association between LAR and the 28-day mortality rate of SALI. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, data were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (v2.2). Adult patients with SALI were admitted to the intensive care unit in this study. The LAR level at admission was included, and the primary aim was to assess the relationship between the LAR and 28-day all-cause mortality. Results A total of 341 patients with SALI (SALI) were screened. They were divided into a survival group (241) and a non-survival group (100), and the 28-day mortality rate was 29.3%. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that for every 1-unit increase in LAR, the 28-day mortality risk for SALI patients increased by 21%, with an HR of 1.21 (95% CI 1.11 ~ 1.31, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miR) are small sequence of nucleotides that can affect multiple genes involved in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle and disease development. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA profiles in a cohort of Egyptian patients with chronic HCV infection before and after combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir treatment, as well as to gain a better understanding of the exact interaction mechanism in HCV transcriptional activity via differentially expressed miRNAs. For 12 weeks, 50 patients were eligible for and received sofosbuvir (400 mg daily) and daclatasvir (60 mg daily) treatment. Each patient’s blood was obtained twice: once before therapy began and again three months afterwards. Results The current study found that serum levels of circulating miR-122, miR-221, miR-23a, miR-125, miR-217, miR-224, and miR-181a were high in HCV pre-treatment patients, but after 12 weeks of direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in expression levels of miR-122, miR-221, miR-23a, miR-125, miR-217, and miR-224 (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background The provincial-level sero-survey was launched to learn the updated seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the general population aged 1–69 years in Chongqing and to assess the risk factors for HBV infection to effectively screen persons with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods A total of 1828 individuals aged 1–69 years were investigated, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (HBsAb), and antibody to B core antigen (HBcAb) were detected. Logistic regression and three machine learning (ML) algorithms, including random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), and stochastic gradient boosting (SGB), were developed for analysis. Results The HBsAg prevalence of the total population was 3.83%, and among persons aged 1–14 years and 15–69 years, it was 0.24% and 4.89%, respectively. A large figure of 95.18% (770/809) of adults was unaware of their occult HBV infection. Age, region, and immunization history were found to be statistically associated with HBcAb prevalence with a logistic regression model. The prediction accuracies were 0.717, 0.727, and 0.725 for the proposed RF, SVM, and SGB models, respectively. Conclusions The logistic regression integrated with ML models could helpfully screen the risk factors for HBV infection and identify high-risk populations with CHB.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 testing of hospitalised patients began in April-2020, with twice weekly healthcare worker (HCW) testing introduced in November-2020. Guidance recommending asymptomatic testing was withdrawn in August-2022. Assessing the impact of this decision from data alone is challenging due to concurrent changes in infection prevention and control practices, community transmission rates, and a reduction in ascertainment rate from reduced testing. Computational modelling is an effective tool for estimating the impact of this change. Methods Using a computational model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in an English hospital we estimate the effectiveness of several asymptomatic testing strategies, namely; (1) Symptomatic testing of patients and HCWs, (2) testing of all patients on admission with/without repeat testing on days 3 and 5–7, and (3) symptomatic testing plus twice weekly asymptomatic HCW testing with 70% compliance. We estimate the number of patient and HCW infections, HCW absences, number of tests, and tests per case averted or absence avoided, with differing community prevalence rates over a 12-week period. Results Testing asymptomatic patients on admission reduces the rate of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection by 8.1–21.5%. Additional testing at days 3 and 5–7 post admission does not significantly reduce infection rates. Twice weekly asymptomatic HCW testing can reduce the proportion of HCWs infected by 1.0-4.4% and monthly absences by 0.4–0.8%. Testing asymptomatic patients repeatedly requires up to 5.5 million patient tests over the period, and twice weekly asymptomatic HCW testing increases the total tests to almost 30 million. The most efficient patient testing strategy (in terms of tests required to prevent a single patient infection) was testing asymptomatic patients on admission across all prevalence levels. The least efficient was repeated testing of patients with twice weekly asymptomatic HCW testing in a low prevalence scenario, and in all other prevalence levels symptomatic patient testing with regular HCW testing was least efficient. Conclusions Testing patients on admission can reduce the rate of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection but there is little benefit of additional post-admission testing. Asymptomatic HCW testing has little incremental benefit for reducing patient cases at low prevalence but has a potential role at higher prevalence or with low community transmission. A full health-economic evaluation is required to determine the cost-effectiveness of these strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedViguerie, Alex; Song, Ruiguang; Johnson, Anna Satcher; Lyles, Cynthia M.; Hernandez, Angela; Farnham, Paul G.
AIDS, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Objective: :COVID-19 and related disruptions led to a significant decline in HIV diagnoses in the US in 2020. A previous analysis estimated 18% fewer diagnoses than expected among persons with HIV (PWH) acquiring infection in 2019 or earlier, suggesting that the decline in overall diagnoses cannot be attributed solely to decreased transmission. This analysis evaluates the progress made towards closing the 2020 diagnosis deficit in 2021. Methods: :We apply previously developed methods analyzing 2021 diagnosis data from the National HIV Surveillance System to determine whether 2021 diagnosis levels of PWH infected pre2020 are above or below the expected pre-COVID trends. Results are stratified by assigned sex at birth, transmission group, geographic region, and race/ethnicity. Results: :In 2021, HIV diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels among all PWH acquiring infection 2011-19. Among Hispanic/Latino PWH and males, diagnoses returned to pre-COVID levels. White PWH, men who have sex with men, and PWH living in the south and northeast showed higher-than-expected levels of diagnosis in 2021. For the remaining populations, there were fewer HIV diagnoses in 2021 than expected. Conclusions: :While overall diagnoses among persons acquiring HIV pre2020 returned to pre-COVID levels, the diagnosis gap observed in 2020 remained unclosed at the end of 2021. Fewer than expected diagnoses among certain populations indicate that COVID-19 related disruptions to HIV diagnosis trends remained in 2021. Although some groups showed higher-than-expected levels of diagnoses, such increases were smaller than corresponding 2020 decreases. Expanded testing programs designed to close these gaps are essential. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTassembedo, Souleymane; Mwiya, Mwiya; Mennecier, Anais; Kankasa, Chipepo; Fao, Paulin; Molès, Jean Pierre; Kania, Dramane; Chunda-Liyoka, Catherine; Sakana, Leticia Delphine; D’Ottavi, Morgana; Taofiki, Ajani Ousmane; Rutagwera, David; Wilfried-Tonga, MM; Tylleskär, Thorkild; Nagot, Nicolas; Van De Perre, Philippe
AIDS, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Objective: Our study aimed to assess the PMTCT indicators in Burkina Faso and Zambia using a patient-orientated innovative strategy based on the second visit in the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI-2) visit at 6–8 weeks. Design: This was a cross sectional study. Methods: We assessed women attending EPI-2 at primary healthcare facilities in Burkina Faso and Zambia with their children about their exposure to PMTCT interventions. For women living with HIV (WLHIV), viral load was measured and their children were tested for HIV DNA using point of care devices. Results: Overall, 25 093 were enrolled from Burkina Faso and 8961 women from Zambia. Almost, all women attended at least one antenatal care visit. Among those aware of their HIV-positive status, 95.8 and 99.2% were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Burkina Faso and Zambia, respectively. Among WLHIV on ART, 75 and 79.2% achieved a viral load suppression (viral load
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVerinumbe, Tarfa; Lesko, Catherine R.; Moore, Richard D.; Fojo, Anthony T.; Keruly, Jeanne; Snow, LaQuita N.; Hutton, Heidi; Chander, Geetanjali; Pytell, Jarratt D.; Falade-Nwulia, Oluwaseun
AIDS, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Objective: This study sought to characterize changes in depressive symptom severity during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association of these changes with HIV viral nonsuppression among people with HIV (PWH). Design: A clinical cohort study. Methods: We included PWH in the Johns Hopkins HIV Clinical Cohort who completed the Patient Health Questionnaire 8 (PHQ-8) prepandemic (1 March 2018 to 28 February 2020) and during the COVID-era (1 September 2020 to 28 February 2022). PWH were classified according to depression severity categories prepandemic and during the COVID-era as: consistently depressed (prepandemic PHQ-8 >4 and no change in severity category); consistently nondepressed (prepandemic PHQ-8 ≤4 and no change in severity category); worsened (changed to a higher severity category) and; improved (change to a lower severity category). The association between changes in depressive symptom severity and viral nonsuppression (HIV RNA >200 copies/ml on the earliest viral load measured 7 days before to 12 months after the COVID-era PHQ-8 survey) was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of 793 PWH, mean age was 56 (SD 10) years, 60% were male individuals and 88% were Black. After the onset of the pandemic, 60% were consistently nondepressed, 9% were consistently depressed, 15% worsened and 16% improved. PWH who worsened had 2.47 times the odds of viral nonsuppression (95% CI: 1.09–5.55) compared with the nondepressed group. Associations among other groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Worsening depression during the COVID era was associated with HIV viral nonsuppression. Strategies to monitor and address depression among PWH may contribute to reduced risk of viral nonsuppression. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWilkinson, Lynne; Grimsrud, Anna
AIDS, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Christentze Schmiegelow, Sofie Lykke Møller, Anna Mathilde Yde, Birgitte Bruun Nielsen, Line Hjort, Thor Grundtvig Theander, John Peter Andrea Lusingu, Daniel Thomas Remias Minja, Ib Christian Bygbjerg
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Spector, Stephen A.; Brummel, Sean S.; Chang, Audrey; Wiznia, Andrew; Ruel, Theodore D.; Acosta, Edward P.; for IMPAACT P1093 Team
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Background: Dolutegravir plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters in children display considerable variability. Here, the impact of genetic variants in ABCG2 421C>A (rs2231142), NR1I2 63396 C>T (rs2472677) and UGT1A1 (rs5839491) on dolutegravir PK was examined. Methods: Children defined by age and administered dolutegravir formulation had AUC24 at steady state, Cmax and C24h determined. Associations between genetic variants and PK parameters were assessed using the dominant inheritance model. Results: The 59 children studied had a median age of 4.6 years, log10 plasma HIV RNA of 4.79 (copies/mm3) and CD4+ lymphocyte count 1,041 cells/mm3; 51% were female. For ABCG2, participants with >1 minor allele had lower adjusted mean AUC difference (hr*mg/L) controlling for weight at entry, cohort and sex, (-15.7, 95% CI: [-32.0, 0.6], p = 0.06) and log10Cmax adjusted mean difference (-0.15 (95% CI: [-0.25, -0.05], p = 0.003). Participants with >1 minor allele had higher adjusted mean AUC difference (11.9, 95% CI: [-1.1, 25.0], p = 0.07). For UGT1A1, poor metabolizers had non-significant higher concentrations (adjusted log10Cmax mean difference 11.8; 95% CI: [-12.3, 36.0], p = 0.34) and lower mean log10 adjusted oral clearance -0.13 L/hr (95% CI: [-0.3, 0.06], p = 0.16). No association was identified between time-averaged AUC differences by genotype for adverse events, plasma HIV RNA or CD4+ cell counts. Conclusions: Dolutegravir AUC24 for genetic variants in ABCG2, NR1l2 and UGT1A1 varied from -25% to +33%.These findings help to explain some of the variable pharmacokinetics identified with dolutegravir in children. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMedina-Jaudes, Naomi; Adoa, Dennis; Williams, Amanda; Amulen, Catherine; Carmone, Andy; Dowling, Stephanie; Joseph, Jessica; Katureebe, Cordelia; Nabitaka, Vennie; Musoke, Andrew; Magongo, Eleanor Namusoke; Chimulwa, Teddy Nabwire
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Background: Low retention in care for adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) has been a key driver of sub-optimal viral load suppression rates in Uganda. The objective of the study was to develop a psychosocial risk assessment tool and evaluate its ability to predict risk of attrition of ALHIV between the ages of 15 and 19. Setting: The study was conducted in 20 facilities in Central and Western Uganda from August 2021 through July 2022. Methods: A mixed methods prospective cohort study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the Adolescent Psychosocial Attrition Risk Assessment (APARA) tool was developed and revised using feedback from focus group discussions and interviews. In the second phase, the ability of the APARA tool to predict attrition among ALHIV was evaluated using diagnostic accuracy tests. Results: A total of 597 adolescents between the ages of 15 and 19 were enrolled, of which 6% were lost-to-follow-up (LTFU) at the end of the study period. A 20-question tool was developed, with 12 questions being responded to affirmatively by more than 50% of all participants. Using a cut-off score of six or more affirmative answers translated to an area under the curve of 0.58 (95% CI: 0.49-0.66), sensitivity of 55% (95% CI: 36-72%) and specificity of 61% (95% CI: 56-65%). Conclusion: While the APARA tool was not effective at predicting LTFU status among ALHIV, the tool was useful for identifying psychosocial issues experienced by ALHIV and may be appropriate to administer during routine care visits to guide action. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbidi, Maheen Z.; Umbleja, Triin; Overton, Edgar T.; Burdo, Tricia; Flynn, Jacqueline M.; Lu, Michael T.; Taron, Jana; Schnittman, Samuel R.; Fitch, Kathleen V.; Zanni, Markella V.; Fichtenbaum, Carl J.; Malvestutto, Carlos; Aberg, Judith A.; Fulda, Evelynne S.; Eckard, Allison Ross; Manne-Goehler, Jennifer; Tuan, Jessica J.; Ribaudo, Heather J.; Douglas, Pamela S.; Grinspoon, Steven K.; Brown, Todd T.; Erlandson, Kristine M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with poor outcomes, including physical function impairment, in people without HIV. We examined associations between CMV IgG titer and physical function in virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH). Methods: REPRIEVE is a double-blind randomized trial evaluating pitavastatin for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in PWH. This analysis focused on participants enrolled in a sub-study with additional biomarker testing, imaging [coronary CT angiography], and physical function measures at entry. CMV IgG was measured using quantitative enzyme immunoassay, physical function by Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and muscle density and area by CT. Associations between CMV IgG (risk factor) and outcomes were evaluated using the partial Spearman correlation and linear and log-binomial regression. Results: Among 717 participants, 82% male, the median CMV IgG was 2716 (Q1, Q3: 807, 6672) IU/mL, all above the limit of quantification. Among 631 participants with imaging, there was no association between CMV IgG and CT-based muscle density or area, controlling for age (r=-0.03 and r=-0.01, respectively; p≥0.38). Among 161 participants with physical function data, higher CMV IgG was associated with poorer overall modified SPPB score (p=0.02), adjusted for age, nadir CD4 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Conclusions: Higher CMV IgG titer was associated with poorer physical function, not explained by prior immune comprise, inflammation, or muscle density or area. Further mechanistic studies are needed to understand this association and whether CMV-specific therapy can impact physical function in PWH. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedABELMAN, Rebecca A.; SCHNEIDER, Michael F.; COX, Christopher; MESSERLIAN, Geralyn; COHEN, Mardge; GUSTAFSON, Deborah; PLANKEY, Michael; SHARMA, Anjali; PRICE, Jennifer; GRUNFELD, Carl; TIEN, Phyllis C.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Background: HIV is associated with alterations in androgen hormone levels and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in women. Higher SHBG has been associated with a lower risk of diabetes in the general population, but the contribution of HIV, androgen hormones, SHBG, and menopausal phase to diabetes is unclear. Methods: From April 2003 through February 2020, 896 women with HIV (WWH) and 343 women without HIV (WWOH) from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study with morning total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and SHBG levels were followed to assess for incident diabetes. Parametric regression models were used with age as the time scale and relative times (RT) as the measure of association of hormone level and menopausal phase with incident diabetes. Analyses incorporated time-dependent androgen hormone, SHBG levels, menopausal phase and were adjusted for race/ethnicity, enrollment year, smoking status, BMI, HCV status, and HIV-related factors. Results: 128 (14%) WWH and 47 (14%) WWOH developed diabetes. In WWH, a doubling of SHBG and DHEAS were associated with a 7%(RT=1.07[95%CI:0.82,1.40] and 15%(RT=1.15[95%CI:0.95,1.39]) longer times to diabetes, respectively; in WWOH, a doubling of SHBG and DHEAS were associated with 84%(RT=1.84[95%CI:0.89,3.82]) and 41%(RT= 1.41[95%CI:0.82,2.44]) longer times to diabetes. TT was not associated. In WWH, later menopausal phase was associated with shorter times to diabetes. Conclusions: Despite alterations in androgen hormone and SHBG levels in HIV, regardless of HIV status, higher SHBG and DHEAS were associated with non-statistically significant slower progression to diabetes. The menopausal transition may be a better hormonal indicator of diabetes risk in WWH. Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYIGIT, Ibrahim; TURAN, Bulent; KURT, Gülşah; WEISER, Sheri D.; JOHNSON, Mallory O.; MUGAVERO, Michael J.; TURAN, Janet M.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Background: While cross-sectional studies have suggested that HIV-related stigma and depression symptoms may result in poor HIV treatment and health outcomes, few studies have investigated potential longitudinal mechanisms in these relationships. Furthermore, longitudinal effects of HIV-related stigma on health outcomes have not been examined in people with HIV (PWH) newly initiating HIV clinical care. We examined longitudinal associations between experienced and perceived community stigma and health outcomes (ART adherence and viral load), mediated by internalized stigma and depression symptoms among new-to-care PWH in the United States. Setting /Methods: Data were obtained from 371 PWH who initiated HIV medical care at four HIV sites at baseline and 48 weeks later between December 2013 and 2018. Validated measures were used to assess experienced stigma, perceived community stigma, internalized stigma, depression symptoms, and ART adherence; and viral load was obtained from medical records at final study visit. Results: Serial mediation models revealed significant indirect effects of experienced stigma and perceived community stigma on ART adherence and on viral suppression, first through internalized stigma, and then through depression symptoms. Conclusions: These results suggest that PWH may tend to internalize HIV-related stigma when they experience acts of stigmatization or perceive negative attitudes in society, which in turn may result in negative effects on psychological and physical well-being. These findings about how stigma in society may be an antecedent mechanism for PWH to develop internalized stigma, which in turn affects individual health outcomes, can be used to tailor both individual-level and community-level interventions. Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Publication date: March 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling, Volume 9, Issue 1 Author(s): Hengcong Liu, Xiangyanyu Xu, Xiaowei Deng, Zexin Hu, Ruijia Sun, Junyi Zou, Jiayi Dong, Qianhui Wu, Xinhua Chen, Lan Yi, Jun Cai, Juanjuan Zhang, Marco Ajelli, Hongjie Yu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTamara Szentiványi, Péter Estók
Trends in Parasitology, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
The bat fly Penicillidia conspicua is a hematophagous, obligate ectoparasite, highly specialized to their bat hosts. It belongs to the Nycteribiidae family,which is wingless and displays marked sexual dimorphism. P. conspicua reproduces by obligate pseudo-placental unilarviparity (previously referred to as Pupipara), during which a single larva develops inside the female. The larva is deposited at the third instar and immediately pupates. Pupae are usually found on cave walls near the hosts. P. conspicua specializes on the cave-dwelling Miniopterus schreibersii (common bent-wing bat) but is occasionally found on other bat species.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKieran Higgins
Trends in Parasitology, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) have received increased attention in the sciences, with increasing expectation that students will receive formal training in this area. However, compared with other biosciences, little guidance has been produced for parasitology educators. Therefore, this article presents the contents and evaluation of pilot training designed for postgraduates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaria Ubals, Patricia Nadal-Baron, Maider Arando, Ángel Rivero, Adrià Mendoza, Vicent Descalzo Jorro, Dan Ouchi, Clara Pérez-Mañá, Marlene Álvarez, Andrea Alemany, Yannick Hoyos-Mallecot, Ethan Nunley, Nicole A P Lieberman, Alexander L Greninger, Cristina Galván-Casas, Clara Suñer, Camila G-Beiras, Roger Paredes, Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón, Andrés Canut, Vicente García-Patos, Magí Farré, Michael Marks, Lorenzo Giacani, Martí Vall-Mayans, Oriol Mitjà
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
The efficacy of linezolid at a daily dose of 600 mg for 5 days did not meet the non-inferiority criteria compared with BPG and, as a result, this treatment regimen should not be used to treat patients with early syphilis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLakmini Kosgahakumbura, Jayani Gamage, Luke P. Robertson, Taj Muhammad, Björn Hellman, Ulf Göransson, Prabath Jayasinghe, Chamari Hettiarachchi, Paco Cárdenas, Sunithi Gunasekera
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
by Lakmini Kosgahakumbura, Jayani Gamage, Luke P. Robertson, Taj Muhammad, Björn Hellman, Ulf Göransson, Prabath Jayasinghe, Chamari Hettiarachchi, Paco Cárdenas, Sunithi Gunasekera Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot and one of the richest geographical locations of marine sponges in the Indian ocean. However, the most extensive taxonomical study on Sri Lankan sponge biodiversity dates back ~100 years and only a limited number of studies have been conducted on sponge natural products. In the current study, 35 marine sponge specimens (collected from 16 sponge habitats around Sri Lanka) were identified, microfractionated and evaluated for antibacterial and anticancer assays. In total, 30 species were characterized, of which 19 species gave extracts with antibacterial and/or cytotoxic activities. Microfractionated organic extract of Aciculites orientalis gave the most potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and strongest lymphoma cell toxicity was exhibited by the organic extract of Acanthella sp. Guided by the molecular ion peaks in the bioactive fractions, large-scale extraction of Stylissa massa led to the isolation of three bromopyrrole alkaloids, sceptrin, hymenin and manzacidin A/C. Of these, sceptrin exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and S. aureus (MIC of 62.5 μM against both species). Based on natural product literature, seven promising species were identified as understudied. Their further exploration may lead to the discovery of structurally novel compounds.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShuai Gao, Xin-Yan Liu, Rong Ni, Jie Fu, Hui Tan, Ai-Xia Cheng, Hong-Xiang Lou
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
by Shuai Gao, Xin-Yan Liu, Rong Ni, Jie Fu, Hui Tan, Ai-Xia Cheng, Hong-Xiang Lou Phenylpropanoids play important roles in plant physiology and the enzyme 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL) catalyzes the formation of thioesters. Despite extensive characterization in various plants, the functions of 4CLs in the liverwort Marchantia paleacea remain unknown. Here, four 4CLs from M. paleacea were isolated and functionally analyzed. Heterologous expression in Escherichia coli indicated the presence of different enzymatic activities in the four enzymes. Mp4CL1 and Mp4CL2 were able to convert caffeic, p-coumaric, cinnamic, ferulic, dihydro-p-coumaric, and 5-hydroxyferulic acids to their corresponding CoA esters, while Mp4CL3 and Mp4CL4 catalyzed none. Mp4CL1 transcription was induced when M. paleacea thalli were treated with methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The overexpression of Mp4CL1 increased the levels of lignin in transgenic Arabidopsis. In addition, we reconstructed the flavanone biosynthetic pathway in E. coli. The pathway comprised Mp4CL1, co-expressed with chalcone synthase (CHS) from different plant species, and the efficiency of biosynthesis was optimal when both the 4CL and CHS were obtained from the same species M. paleacea.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Abstract Background Malaria continues to pose a significant health threat. Rapid identification of malaria infections and the deployment of active surveillance tools are crucial for achieving malaria elimination in regions where malaria is endemic, such as certain areas of Thailand. In this study, an anomaly detection system is introduced as an early warning mechanism for potential malaria outbreaks in countries like Thailand. Methods Unsupervised clustering-based, and time series-based anomaly detection algorithms are developed and compared to identify abnormal malaria activity in Thailand. Additionally, a user interface tailored for anomaly detection is designed, enabling the Thai malaria surveillance team to utilize these algorithms and visualize regions exhibiting unusual malaria patterns. Results Nine distinct anomaly detection algorithms we developed. Their efficacy in pinpointing verified outbreaks was assessed using malaria case data from Thailand spanning 2012 to 2022. The historical average threshold-based anomaly detection method triggered three times fewer alerts, while correctly identifying the same number of verified outbreaks when compared to the current method used in Thailand. A limitation of this analysis is the small number of verified outbreaks; further consultation with the Division of Vector Borne Disease could help identify more verified outbreaks. The developed dashboard, designed specifically for anomaly detection, allows disease surveillance professionals to easily identify and visualize unusual malaria activity at a provincial level across Thailand. Conclusion An enhanced early warning system is proposed to bolster malaria elimination efforts for countries with a similar malaria profile to Thailand. The developed anomaly detection algorithms, after thorough comparison, have been optimized for integration with the current malaria surveillance infrastructure. An anomaly detection dashboard for Thailand is built and supports early detection of abnormal malaria activity. In summary, the proposed early warning system enhances the identification process for provinces at risk of outbreaks and offers easy integration with Thailand’s established malaria surveillance framework.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarkus BeutlerClaudia EberlDebora GarzettiSimone HerpPhilipp MünchDiana RingTamas DolowschiakSandrine BrugirouxPatrick SchillerSaib HussainMarijana BasicAndré BleichBärbel Stecher1Max von Pettenkofer Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany2Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany3Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany4Institute of Microbiology, D-BIOL, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland5Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland6Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany7German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Manuela Raffatellu
Infection and Immunity, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Priyoshi LahiriRakel ArrazuriaYi Lin TanJeroen De BuckMorley D. HollenbergKarin OrselEduardo R. Cobo1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada2Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, Victor J. Torres
Infection and Immunity, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
Myers, L. C., Lawson, B. L., Escobar, G. J., Daly, K. A., Chen, Y.-f. I., Dlott, R., Lee, C., Liu, V.
BMJ Open, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
ObjectivesIn the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, health systems implemented programmes to manage outpatients with COVID-19. The goal was to expedite patients’ referral to acute care and prevent overcrowding of medical centres. We sought to evaluate the impact of such a programme, the COVID-19 Home Care Team (CHCT) programme. DesignRetrospective cohort. SettingKaiser Permanente Northern California. ParticipantsAdult members before COVID-19 vaccine availability (1 February 2020–31 January 2021) with positive SARS-CoV-2 tests. InterventionVirtual programme to track and treat patients with ‘CHCT programme’. OutcomesThe outcomes were (1) COVID-19-related emergency department visit, (2) COVID-19-related hospitalisation and (3) inpatient mortality or 30-day hospice referral. MeasuresWe estimated the average effect comparing patients who were and were not treated by CHCT. We estimated propensity scores using an ensemble super learner (random forest, XGBoost, generalised additive model and multivariate adaptive regression splines) and augmented inverse probability weighting. ResultsThere were 98 585 patients with COVID-19. The majority were followed by CHCT (n=80 067, 81.2%). Patients followed by CHCT were older (mean age 43.9 vs 41.6 years, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarjomaa, M., Zhang, C., Tveten, Y., Kersten, H., Reiso, H., Eikeland, R., Kongerud, J., Berg, K. K., Thilesen, C., Nordbo, S. A., Aaberge, I. S., Vandenbroucke, J., Pearce, N., Fell, A. K. M.
BMJ Open, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
ObjectivesThis study aims to assess risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection by combined design; first comparing positive cases to negative controls as determined by PCR testing and then comparing these two groups to an additional prepandemic population control group. Design and settingTest-negative design (TND), multicentre case–control study with additional population controls in South-Eastern Norway. ParticipantsAdults who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing between February and December 2020. PCR-positive cases, PCR-negative controls and additional age-matched population controls. Primary outcome measuresThe associations between various risk factors based on self- reported questionnaire and SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCR-positive cases and PCR-negative controls. Using subgroup analysis, the risk factors for both PCR-positive and PCR-negative participants were compared with a population control group. ResultsIn total, 400 PCR-positive cases, 719 PCR-negative controls and 14 509 population controls were included. Male sex was associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.6), but not when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.9. to 1.5). Some factors were positively (asthma, wood heating) or negatively (hypertension) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but lacked convincing association in the TND study. Smoking was negatively associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both analyses (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.8 and OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.8). ConclusionsMale sex was a possible risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection only in the TND study, whereas smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in both the TND study and when using population controls. Several factors were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection when PCR-positive cases were compared with population controls, but not in the TND study, highlighting the strength of combining case–control study designs during the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFaravel, K., Jarlier, M., Meignant, L., Thomaso, M., Del Rio, M., Jacot, W., Stoebner, A.
BMJ Open, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
IntroductionOsteoarticular pain is experienced by approximately 50% of patients with breast cancer under hormone therapy and can increase the risk of therapy discontinuation. Among complementary therapies, yoga has shown efficacy regarding reduction of fatigue, anxiety, pain due to hormone therapy and inflammation. Personalised patient education programmes increase engagement and motivation, and induce effective behavioural changes. The SKYPE programme, an integrated intervention combining physiotherapy, yoga and patient education, showed promising efficacy on hormone therapy-induced pain in a previous pilot study. In this study, we hypothesised that using theory-based patient education favour learning and practising 15 min of at-home yoga every day to decrease hormone therapy-induced pain. Methods and analysisThis multicentre randomised study will assess the efficacy of the SKYPE programme on pain reduction compared with standard care in patients with breast cancer reporting osteoarticular pain due to hormone therapy. Main secondary objectives will describe pain evolution and characteristics, patient adhesion to yoga sessions and home practice, forward flexibility, quality of life, fatigue, anxiety and compliance to hormone therapy. Patients in the intervention group will participate in 1 weekly educational yoga session of 90 min for 6 weeks, supervised by physiotherapists (period 1). They will also perform daily at-home 15 min yoga sessions for 12 weeks, the total duration of the intervention (periods 1 and 2). Pain will be evaluated during physiotherapy check-ups at baseline (T0), at 6 weeks (T1) and at 12 weeks (T2). Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the ethics committee (CPP Ile de France 8 on 22 June 2020). The results will be disseminated to patients and healthcare professionals, and published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration numberNCT04457895.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGreen, M. A., McKee, M., Massey, J., Mackenna, B., Mehrkar, A., Bacon, S., Macleod, J., Sheikh, A., Shah, S. A., The OpenSAFELY Consortium, The Longitudinal Health and Wellbeing National Core Study Collaborative, Katikireddi, S. V.
BMJ Open, 9.01.2024
Tilføjet 9.01.2024
ObjectiveTo determine whether periods of disruption were associated with increased ‘avoidable’ hospital admissions and wider social inequalities in England. DesignObservational repeated cross-sectional study. SettingEngland (January 2019 to March 2022). ParticipantsWith the approval of NHS England we used individual-level electronic health records from OpenSAFELY, which covered ~40% of general practices in England (mean monthly population size 23.5 million people). Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated crude and directly age-standardised rates for potentially preventable unplanned hospital admissions: ambulatory care sensitive conditions and urgent emergency sensitive conditions. We considered how trends in these outcomes varied by three measures of social and spatial inequality: neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity and geographical region. ResultsThere were large declines in avoidable hospitalisations during the first national lockdown (March to May 2020). Trends increased post-lockdown but never reached 2019 levels. The exception to these trends was for vaccine-preventable ambulatory care sensitive admissions which remained low throughout 2020–2021. While trends were consistent by each measure of inequality, absolute levels of inequalities narrowed across levels of neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, Asian ethnicity (compared with white ethnicity) and geographical region (especially in northern regions). ConclusionsWe found no evidence that periods of healthcare disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in more avoidable hospitalisations. Falling avoidable hospital admissions has coincided with declining inequalities most strongly by level of deprivation, but also for Asian ethnic groups and northern regions of England.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Yersinia enterocolitica is a gram-negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen that is typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route. The most common clinical manifestation of a Y. enterocolitica infection is self-limited gastroenteritis. Although various extraintestinal manifestations of Y. enterocolitica infection have been reported, there are no reports of thyroid abscesses. Case presentation An 89-year-old Japanese man with follicular adenoma of the left thyroid gland was admitted to our hospital with a 2-day history of fever and left neck pain. Laboratory tests revealed low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and elevated levels of free thyroxine 4. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed low-attenuation areas with peripheral enhancement in the left thyroid gland. He was diagnosed with thyroid abscess and thyrotoxicosis, and treatment with intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam was initiated after collecting blood, drainage fluid, and stool samples. The isolated Gram-negative rod bacteria from blood and drainage fluid cultures was confirmed to be Y. enterocolitica. He was diagnosed with thyroid abscess and thyrotoxicosis due to be Y. enterocolitica subsp. palearctica. The piperacillin-tazobactam was replaced with levofloxacin. Conclusion We report a novel case of a thyroid abscess associated with thyrotoxicosis caused by Y. enterocolitica subsp. palearctica in a patient with a follicular thyroid adenoma.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Post-surgical spinal infections (pSSIs) are a serious complication of spinal surgeries, with Staphylococcus spp. being one of the most prominent bacteria identified. Optimal antimicrobial therapy for staphylococcal spinal infections without spinal implants is not well documented. Methods This single center retrospective 7-year observational study described and compared the outcome (treatment failure or mortality rate one year after diagnosis) of 20 patients with staphylococcal-implant-free pSSI treated with single or combination antibiotics. Results Median duration of treatment was 40 days (IQR 38–42), with 6 days (IQR 5–7) on intravenous antibiotics and 34 days (IQR 30–36) on oral therapy. Four patients (20%) underwent new surgical debridement, all due to surgical failure, and 1 patient died within the first year without significant differences between both treatment group. Conclusion This study raises the possibility of single antibiotic therapy for patients with implant-free post-surgical spinal infections due to Staphylococcus spp.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background and aim Two oral antivirals (Nirmatrelvir- ritonavir and Azvudine) are widely used in China practice during the Omicron wave of the pandemic. However, little evidence regarding the real-world effectiveness of these two oral antivirals in in-hospital patients. We aimed to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir versus azvudine among adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective cohort study used data from three Chinese PLA General Hospital medical centres. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with azvudine or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir from Dec 10, 2022, to February 20, 2023, and did not require invasive ventilation support on admission were eligible for inclusion. Results After exclusions and propensity-score matching, the final analysis included 486 azvudine recipients and 486 nirmatrelvir-ritonavir recipients. By 28 days of initiation of the antivirus treatment, the crude incidence rate of all-cause death was similar in both types of antivirus treatment (nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group 2.8 events 1000 person-days [95% CI, 2.1–3.6] vs azvudine group 3.4 events/1000 person-days [95% CI, 2.6–4.3], P = 0.38). Landmark analysis showed that all-cause death was lower in the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (3.5%) group than the azvudine (6.8%, P = 0.029) within the initial 10-day admission period, while no significant difference was observed for results between 10 and 28 days follow-up. There was no significant difference between the nirmatrelvir-ritonavir group and the azvudine group in cumulative incidence of the composite disease progression event (8.6% with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir vs. 10.1% with azvudine, HR, 1.22; 95% CI 0.80–1.86, P = 0.43). Conclusion Among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the omicron wave in Beijing, similar in-hospital clinical outcomes on 28 days were observed between patients receiving nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and azvudine. However, it is worth noticing that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir appears to hold an advantage over azvudine in reducing early mortality. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the efficacy of those two antivirus medications especially in early treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Predictive models for vector-borne diseases (VBDs) are instrumental to understanding the potential geographic spread of VBDs and therefore serve as useful tools for public health decision-making. However, predicting the emergence of VBDs at the micro-, local, and regional levels presents challenges, as the importance of risk factors can vary spatially and temporally depending on climatic factors and vector and host abundance and preferences. We propose an expert-systems-based approach that uses an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) deployed within a geographic information system (GIS), to predict areas susceptible to the risk of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) emergence. This modelling approach produces risk maps, identifying micro-level risk areas with the potential for disease emergence. The results revealed that climatic conditions, especially the minimum temperature and precipitation required for JEV transmission, contributed to high-risk conditions developed during January and March of 2022 in Victora. Compared to historical climate records, the risk of JEV emergence was increased in most parts of the state due to climate. Importantly, the model accurately predicted 7 out of the 8 local government areas that reported JEV-positive cases during the outbreak of 2022 in Victorian piggeries. This underscores the model’s potential as a reliable tool for supporting local risk assessments in the face of evolving climate change.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Up to 20% of COVID-19 patients can suffer COVID-19-related myocardial injury. Elevated cardiac biomarkers, such as hs-cTnT and NT-proBNP, have been related to worse short-term prognosis. However, data on NT-proBNP and long-term prognosis are scarce. We have evaluated the potential association of baseline age-adjusted NT-proBNP levels and outcomes at one-year follow-up in COVID-19 patients. Methods This was a single-center prospective study of 499 COVID-19 patients in whom NT-proBNP was assessed at hospital admission. NT-proBNP levels were age-adjusted and patients were classified as high or low NT-proBNP. Clinical and demographic characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory results, and in-hospital complications and mortality were compared between the two groups. Survivors of the acute phase of COVID-19 were followed up for one year from admission to detect readmissions and mortality. Results The 68 patients with high NT-proBNP levels at hospital admission were older, with more cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular disease, comorbidities, myocardial injury, and higher levels of inflammatory markers than patients with low NT-proBNP levels. They also had more in-hospital complications and a higher acute-phase mortality rate (60.3% vs. 10.2%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Abstract Background Nosocomial infections caused by Serratia marcescens mostly occurred in pediatrics and it was very rarely reported after adult surgery. Here, an intracranial abscess caused by Serratia marcescens was reported. Case summary We report a rare case of a postoperative intracranial abscess caused by Serratia marcescens in a 63-year-old male patient with a left parietal mass. The patient underwent resection of the mass on June 1, 2022, and the postoperative pathology revealed an angiomatous meningioma, WHO I. He then experienced recurrent worsening of right limb movements, and repeated cranial CT scans showed oozing blood and obvious low-density shadows around the operation area. Delayed wound healing was considered. Subsequently, a large amount of pus was extracted from the wound. The etiological test showed that Serratia marcescens infection occurred before the removal of the artificial titanium mesh. Antibiotics were initiated based on the results of drug susceptibility tests. At present, the patient is recovering well and is still closely monitored during follow-up. Conclusion It is rare for Serratia marcescens to cause brain abscesses without any obvious signs of infection. This report provided in detail our experience of a warning postoperative asymptomatic brain abscess caused by an uncommon pathogen.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSong WangRan WeiXiaomei MaJin GuoMuhammad AizazFangxu LiJun WangHongmei WangHongbin Hea Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, Chinab Ruminant Diseases Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Chinac Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Rui DingJinhan YuWeixin KeLijun DuGuixue ChengSiqi HuYingchun XuYali Liua Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinab Beijing Key Laboratory for Mechanisms Research and Precision Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Diseases, Beijing, Chinac Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Chinad State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chinae Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Chinaf Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, Chinag Faculty of Pediatrics, the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Eva ZanditenasSerge AnkriDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Min WuCuilian SunQin ShiYalu LuoZiyu WangJianxiang WangYun QinWeihang CuiChufeng YanHuangyi DaiZhiyang WangJia ZengYamei ZhouManhui ZhuXiaojuan Liua Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, Chinab Department of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, Chinac Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, Chinad Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, Chinae Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, Chinaf Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Hinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
V Douglas LandersMilton ThomasCierra M. IsomDeepa KarkiKevin J. Sokoloskia Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USAb Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Wei YangChen ZhangLi-Bo LiuZhan-Zhan BianJia-Tong ChangDong-Ying FanNa GaoPei-Gang WangJing AnDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Yaqin PengYue LiuXuegao YuJingchun FangZhaowang GuoKang LiaoPeisong ChenPenghao Guoa Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Nansha Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Linjin FanYulong WangHongxin HuangZequn WangChudan LiangXiaofeng YangPengfei YeJingyan LinWendi ShiYuandong ZhouHuijun YanZhenyu LongZhongyi WangLinna LiuJun Qiana Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Julien Favresse, Constant Gillot, Mélanie Closset, Julien Cabo, Loris Wauthier, Clara David, Marc Elsen, Jean‐Michel Dogné, Jonathan Douxfils
Journal of Medical Virology, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Chang‐Yong Choi, Kundlik Gadhave, Jason Villano, Andrew Pekosz, Xiaobo Mao, Hongpeng Jia
Journal of Medical Virology, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Joan Martínez-Campreciós, Milagros Moreno, Fernando Salvador, Ester Del Barrio-Tofiño, Arlete Nindia, Maria Luisa Aznar, Israel Molina
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Anthrax is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Bacillus anthracis, a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium. Many animals are susceptible, although grazing herbivores are the most commonly affected and the usual source of infection for humans. Herbivores often become infected by B. anthracis spores from the soil while grazing, and then return the spores to the soil when they die. The spores can last in the soil for decades and depending mainly on climatic conditions and soil composition. [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background Misconceptions and myths are still the bottlenecks for the prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission in developing countries. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of misconception about HIV transmission among reproductive age groups using the most recently available Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveydata. Methods A cross-sectional study design was done using the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data set. The data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors of misconception about HIV/AIDS transmission. A p-value of
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to compare the epidemiological patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infections, hospitalizations, deaths, and duration of hospitalization during the fourth, fifth and sixth epidemic waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Iran. Methods A multicenter retrospective observational study was conducted on hospitalized patients in four hospitals in the Babol district of northern Iran. The study periods were during the fourth, fifth, and sixth waves of the epidemic in Iran, (March 2021 to March 2022). A total of 13,312 patients with suspected COVID-19 were included. Patient demographics, medical history, length of hospital stay, and clinical outcomes were obtained from the hospital information system. Data on the cycle threshold (Ct) and SARS-CoV2 variant were collected for SARS-CoV2-positive cases. Results The highest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the fifth (Delta) wave (5231; 39.3%), while the lowest number of hospitalized patients was reported during the sixth (Omicron) wave (2143; 16.1%). In total, 6459 (48.5%) out of 13,312 hospitalized patients with suspected COVID-19 had a positive rRT-PCR result. The fifth (Delta) wave had the highest number of SARS-CoV2 rRT-PCR-positive hospitalized patients (3573, 55.3%), while the sixth (Omicron) wave had the lowest number (835, 12.9%). Moreover, 238 (3.7%) patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 died. The hospital mortality rate was 6.8% in the fourth (Alpha) wave, which reduced to 2.7 and 3.5% in the fifth (Delta) and sixth (Omicron) waves, respectively (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.01.2024
Tilføjet 7.01.2024
Abstract Background After infection with SARS-CoV-2 a relevant proportion of patients complains about persisting symptoms, a condition termed Post-COVID-19-syndrome (PC19S). So far, possible treatments are under investigation. Among others, neurotropic vitamins and anti-inflammatory substances are potential options. Thus, the PreVitaCOV trial aims to assess feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of treating patients in primary care with prednisolone and/or vitamin B1, B6 and B12. Methods The phase IIIb, multi-centre randomised, double-blind, and placebo-controlled PreVitaCOV trial has a factorial design and is planned as a two-phase approach. The pilot phase assessed feasibility and safety and was transformed into a confirmatory phase to evaluate effectiveness since feasibility was proven. Adult patients with PC19S after a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection at least 12 weeks ago are randomly assigned to 4 parallel treatments: prednisolone 20 mg for five days followed by 5 mg for 23 days (trial drug 1), B vitamins (B1 (100 mg OD), B6 (50 mg OD), and B12 (500 µg OD)) for 28 days (trial drug 2), trial drugs 1 and 2, or placebo. The primary outcome of the pilot phase was defined as the retention rate of the first 100 patients. Values of ≥ 85% were considered as confirmation of feasibility, this criterion was even surpassed by a retention rate of 98%. After transformation, the confirmatory phase proceeds by enrolling 240 additional patients. The primary outcome for the study is the change of symptom severity from baseline to day 28 as assessed by a tailored Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) total score referring to five symptom domains known to be typical for PC19S (fatigue, dyspnoea, cognition, anxiety, depression). The confirmatory trial is considered positive if superiority of any treatment is demonstrated over placebo operationalised by an improvement of at least 3 points on the PROMIS total score (t-score). Discussion The PreVitaCOV trial may contribute to the understanding of therapeutic approaches in PC19S in a primary care context. Trial registration EudraCT: 2022-001041-20. DRKS: DRKS00029617. ClinicalTrials.gov: F001AM02222_1 (registered: 05 Dec 2022).
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