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Ralf StemkensVeronique de JagerRodney DawsonAndreas H. DiaconKim NarunskySherman D. PadayacheeMartin J. BoereeStijn W. van BeekAngela ColbersMarieke J. H. CoenenElin M. SvenssonUwe FuhrPatrick P. J. PhillipsLindsey H. M. te BrakeRob E. Aarnoutse 1 Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2 TASK, Cape Town, South Africa 3 Division of Pulmonology and Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa 4 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands 5 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands 6 Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 7 Clinical Pharmacology, Department I of Pharmacology, Center for Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 8 UCSF Center for Tuberculosis, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA , Jared A. Silverman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
David MelnickAngela K. TalleyVipul K. GuptaIan A. CritchleyPaul B. EckburgKamal A. HamedNivedita BhattGary MooreDaren AustinChristopher M. RubinoSujata M. BhavnaniPaul G. Ambrose 1 Spero Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA 2 Moore Computing Services, Inc., Little Rock, Arkansas, USA 3 GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK 4 Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc., Schenectady, New York, USA , Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
Abstract Background The incidence of stroke is increasing among younger people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The burden of stroke has shifted toward the young people living with HIV, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. People infected with herpes zoster (HZ) were more likely to suffer stroke than the general population. However, the association of HZ infection with the incidence of stroke among patients with HIV remains unclear. Methods A nested case–control study was conducted with patients with HIV registered in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2000–2017. A total of 509 stroke cases were 1:10 matched to 5090 non-stroke controls on age, sex, and date of first stroke diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of stroke incidence. Results The odds ratio of stroke was significantly higher in the HIV-infected population with HZ (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.42–2.41). A significantly increased AOR of stroke was associated with hypertension (AOR: 3.53, 95% CI: 2.86–4.34), heart disease (AOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.54–3.48), chronic kidney disease (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.16–2.85), hepatitis C virus infection (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22–1.83), hyperlipidemia (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.12–1.78), and treatment with protease inhibitors (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.05–1.69). Conclusions Our findings suggest that HZ concurrent with HIV may increase the risk of stroke. The incidence rates of stroke were independent of common risk factors, suggesting strategies for early prevention of HZ infection among people living with HIV.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGianluca ScarnoJulija MazejMattia LaffranchiChiara Di CensoIrene MattiolaArianna M. CandelottiGiuseppe PietropaoloHelena StabileCinzia FiondaGiovanna PeruzziStephen R. BrooksWanxia Li TsaiYohei MikamiGiovanni BernardiniAngela GismondiSilvano SozzaniJames P. Di SantoChristian A. J. VosshenrichAndreas DiefenbachMassimo GadinaAngela SantoniGiuseppe SciumèaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00161, ItalybLaboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, ItalycLaboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin 12203, GermanydMucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin 10117, GermanyeCenter for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome 00161, ItalyfBiodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892gTranslational Immunology Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892hDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 1608582, JapaniIstituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Neuromed, Isernia 86077, ItalyjInnate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Paris 75724, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 40, October 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWilliam H K Schilling, Podjanee Jittamala, James A Watson, Simon Boyd, Viravarn Luvira, Tanaya Siripoon, Thundon Ngamprasertchai, Elizabeth M Batty, Cintia Cruz, James J Callery, Shivani Singh, Manisaree Saroj, Varaporn Kruabkontho, Thatsanun Ngernseng, Nuttakan Tanglakmankhong, Jaruwan Tubprasert, Mohammad Yazid Abdad, Wanassanan Madmanee, Jindarat Kouhathong, Kanokon Suwannasin, Watcharee Pagornrat, Nattaporn Piaraksa, Pongtorn Hanboonkunupakarn, Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn, Kittiyod Poovorawan, Manus Potaporn, Attasit Srisubat, Bootsakorn Loharjun, Walter R J Taylor, Vasin Chotivanich, Kesinee Chotivanich, Mallika Imwong, Sasithon Pukrittayakamee, Arjen M Dondorp, Nicholas P J Day, Mauro M Teixeira, Watcharapong Piyaphanee, Weerapong Phumratanaprapin, Nicholas J White, PLATCOV Collaborative Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
Both molnupiravir and ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir accelerate oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance in patients with COVID-19, but the antiviral effect of ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir was substantially greater. Measurement of oropharyngeal viral clearance rates provides a rapid and well tolerated approach to the assessment and comparison of antiviral drugs in patients with COVID-19. It should be evaluated in other acute viral respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarmela Pinnetti, Eleonora Cimini, Valentina Mazzotta, Giulia Matusali, Alessandra Vergori, Annalisa Mondi, Martina Rueca, Sandro Batzella, Eleonora Tartaglia, Aurora Bettini, Stefania Notari, Marika Rubino, Massimo Tempestilli, Carlo Pareo, Laura Falasca, Franca Del Nonno, Alessandra Scarabello, Marta Camici, Roberta Gagliardini, Enrico Girardi, Francesco Vaia, Fabrizio Maggi, Chiara Agrati, Andrea Antinori
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 29.09.2023
Tilføjet 29.09.2023
A 59-year-old treatment-naive patient with advanced HIV infection presented with a severe and protracted course of mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) that did not respond to the current mpox treatment options. The patient worsened clinically, and developed new mucocutaneous lesions and necrotic evolution of pre-existing ones, along with multiple bilateral lung nodules and the appearance of a tracheal necrotic lesion. Although severe forms of mpox have been observed in people with severe immune system deficiency, including those with advanced HIV presentation, the immunological mechanisms underlying this observation have not yet been fully explained.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCatherine Offord
Science, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Xuwen Chen, Ibrahim Sani, Xiaoli Xia, Yi Li, Caiyun Li, Feiyan Yue, Xinhua Wang, Shisan Bao, Jingchun Fan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Xuwen Chen, Ibrahim Sani, Xiaoli Xia, Yi Li, Caiyun Li, Feiyan Yue, Xinhua Wang, Shisan Bao, Jingchun Fan Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, irreversible but preventable disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms. The mortality rate of COPD is predicted to reach 5.4 million by the year 2060. Despite its heavy burden on healthcare expenditure worldwide, only 15% of cases are medically identified. The potential benefits of facemask-wearing for COPD patients remain a topic of debate. Methods We will conduct a systematic review of all randomized trials and non-randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of facemasks on COPD patients. Our review will be based on literature obtained through a comprehensive search strategy across multiple electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, the Chinese Biomedical Database (SinoMed), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), with no restrictions on language or date of publication. Two independent researchers will extract and assess all relevant data using pre-designed data extraction forms. The included studies will be assessed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool and the suggested risk of bias criteria proposed by the Effective Practice and Organization of Care reviews group of the Cochrane collaboration. The quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. We will use Review Manager 5.4 software for statistical analysis. Discussion In the context of COVID-19, it is important for COPD patients to wear facemasks. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the impact of facemasks on the physiology and activity of COPD patients. Trial registration PROSPERO registration number CRD42022326265.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedErika N. Biernbaum, Rohana P. Dassanayake, Eric M. Nicholson, Indira T. Kudva
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Erika N. Biernbaum, Rohana P. Dassanayake, Eric M. Nicholson, Indira T. Kudva Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 (O157) is a foodborne pathogen causing human disease ranging from hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome to kidney failure, while remaining harmless to cattle, its primary reservoir. The severity of the human disease associated mainly with Shiga toxin production and a global emergence of antibiotic resistant STEC highlights the need for effective non-antibiotic, pre-harvest strategies to reduce O157 in cattle, the principal source of human infection. Towards this goal three synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): human granulysin (hGRNL), bovine NK-lysin (bNK2A), and porcine NK-lysin (pNKL), were tested in vitro against O157 isolates. As expected, circular dichroism spectroscopy findings were consistent with a predominantly α-helical conformation for all three AMPs in an environment mimicking bacterial outer surface or liposaccharides. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations of hGRNL (200 μM), bNK2A (12.5 μM against strain 86–24 and 25 μM against EDL933), and pNKL (6.25 μM) were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method in Müeller-Hinton broth (cation-adjusted). The bNK2A and pNKL AMPs did not induce Shiga toxin expression in O157 at MIC, as there was a significant decrease or no change in toxin expression following 4- or 20 h incubation with the AMPs; bNK2A p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNorehan Jinah, Kun Yun Lee, Nor Haniza Zakaria, Nursyahda Zakaria, Munirah Ismail, Shazwani Mohmad
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Norehan Jinah, Kun Yun Lee, Nor Haniza Zakaria, Nursyahda Zakaria, Munirah Ismail, Shazwani Mohmad Contract appointment policy for newly graduated medical officers was implemented by the Ministry of Health Malaysia in 2016 to overcome the lack of permanent posts. Contract officers faced disadvantages in terms of salary, leave provision, and career prospects. A nationwide strike, Hartal Doktor Kontrak (HDK) was organised on 26th July 2021. Besides generating widespread public attention, HDK was also closely scrutinised by the medical fraternity and stakeholders. This content analysis aimed to explore how the medical fraternity and stakeholders viewed the strike as their perception would offer vital insights into the fundamental causes and viable solutions to the contract appointment policy. A qualitative content analysis of Facebook (FB) posts on the HDK strike was conducted from 1st June 2021 until 28th February 2022. A total of 182 FB posts were retrieved from stakeholders, medical fraternity groups, and medical key opinion personnel. Inductive coding was used in the thematic analysis to identify pertinent themes. Three main themes emerged: triggering factors, reactions to the strike, and outcomes of the strike. Factors that led to the strike included unequal treatment faced by contract officers, frustration with the government’s lack of long-term solutions, and aggravation by the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of reactions, there was a mixture of supportive and opposing voices. No substantial negative impact on the healthcare service resulted from the strike. Instead, it generated widespread attention that propelled the government into implementing solutions to prevent adverse short and long-term consequences. Various suggestions were proposed, including the reform of human resource planning and undergraduate medical education. The results highlight the importance of proactive systemic measures by the government to prevent further strikes that may jeopardise healthcare provision. In summary, social media was found to influence the progress and outcome of HDK, thus demonstrating the impact of media influence on similar issues.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicola Riccetti, Federico Ferraccioli, Augusto Fasano, Nikolaos I. Stilianakis
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Nicola Riccetti, Federico Ferraccioli, Augusto Fasano, Nikolaos I. Stilianakis Background With a case-fatality-risk ranging from 3.0 to >20.0% and life-long sequelae, West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND) is the most dangerous outcome of West Nile virus (WNV) infection in humans. As no specific prophylaxis nor therapy is available for these infections, focus is on preventive strategies. We aimed to find variables associated with WNND diagnosis, hospitalisation or death, to identify high-risk sub-groups of the population, on whom to concentrate these strategies. Methods We used data from The European Surveillance System–TESSy, provided by National Public Health Authorities, and released by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). In two Firth-penalised logistic regression models, we considered age, sex, clinical criteria, epidemiological link to other cases (epi-link), calendar year, and season as potential associated variables. In one model we considered also the rural/urban classification of the place of infection (RUC), while in the other the specific reporting country. Findings Among confirmed West Nile Virus cases, 2,916 WNND cases were registered, of which 2,081 (71.4%), and 383 (13.1%) resulted in the hospitalisation and death of the patient, respectively. Calendar year, RUC/country, age, sex, clinical criteria, and epi-link were associated with WNND diagnosis. Hospitalisation was associated with calendar year and RUC/country; whereas death was associated with age, sex and country. Interpretation Our results support previous findings on WNND associated variables (most notably age and sex); while by observing the whole population of WNND cases in the considered area and period, they also allow for stronger generalizations, conversely to the majority of previous studies, which used sample populations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnna Füzy, István Parádi, Bettina Kelemen, Ramóna Kovács, Imre Cseresnyés, Tibor Szili-Kovács, Tamás Árendás, Nándor Fodor, Tünde Takács
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Anna Füzy, István Parádi, Bettina Kelemen, Ramóna Kovács, Imre Cseresnyés, Tibor Szili-Kovács, Tamás Árendás, Nándor Fodor, Tünde Takács This study aimed to survey the long-term effects of fertilization practices on the functional diversity of the soil microbiota. A 60-year fertilization experiment with mineral fertilizers, farmyard manure and combined treatments was sampled in two consecutive years in maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Soil chemical properties, plant growth and physiological parameters were measured. The MicroRespTM method was applied to assess the community level physiological profiles (CLPPs) of the rhizosphere soil, and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization of the roots was determined. Samples were taken in the early vegetative stages, at flowering, and at harvest in both years. The measured parameters were analysed using multifactorial ANOVA to determine treatment effects, crop-dependent differences, and seasonality. PCA analysis was performed on the data matrix to reveal more complex correspondences, and Pearson’s product-moment correlation was used to confirm relationships between some of the measured soil and plant parameters. Fertilization treatments caused long-term changes in some biological parameters such as: MicroRespTM parameters, citrate utilization, total substrate-induced respiration value, and the ratio of utilization of amino acids and sugars. The rate of AMF colonization responded mainly to the plant nutrition status and the plant requirements, suggesting a plant-mediated effect in the case of mycorrhiza. Mineral nitrogen fertilization and soil acidification were found to be the main factors affecting the catabolic activity of soil microbiota, while AMF colonization responded to the balance of plant nutrition.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarina P. Volegova, Cynthia Hermosillo, Jamie H. D. Cate
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Marina P. Volegova, Cynthia Hermosillo, Jamie H. D. Cate Improper regulation of translation initiation, a vital checkpoint of protein synthesis in the cell, has been linked to a number of cancers. Overexpression of protein subunits of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is associated with increased translation of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. In addition to playing a major role in general translation initiation by serving as a scaffold for the assembly of translation initiation complexes, eIF3 regulates translation of specific cellular mRNAs and viral RNAs. Mutations in the N-terminal Helix-Loop-Helix (HLH) RNA-binding motif of the EIF3A subunit interfere with Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site (IRES) mediated translation initiation in vitro. Here we show that the EIF3A HLH motif controls translation of a small set of cellular transcripts enriched in oncogenic mRNAs, including MYC. We demonstrate that the HLH motif of EIF3A acts specifically on the 5′ UTR of MYC mRNA and modulates the function of EIF4A1 on select transcripts during translation initiation. In Ramos lymphoma cell lines, which are dependent on MYC overexpression, mutations in the HLH motif greatly reduce MYC expression, impede proliferation and sensitize cells to anti-cancer compounds. These results reveal the potential of the EIF3A HLH motif in eIF3 as a promising chemotherapeutic target.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNaseem Cassim, Lindi Marie Coetzee, Manuel Pedro da Silva, Wendy Susan Stevens, Deborah Kim Glencross
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Naseem Cassim, Lindi Marie Coetzee, Manuel Pedro da Silva, Wendy Susan Stevens, Deborah Kim Glencross Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, China. Due to the rapid spread globally, it was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Social distancing and lockdown measures were introduced to limit transmission. These strategies could potentially impact the diagnosis and treatment of patients with advanced HIV who are susceptible to secondary infections like cryptococcal disease. In South Africa, reflexed cryptococcal antigenaemia (CrAg) testing and pre-emptive antifungal treatment are recommended preceding antiretroviral therapy initiation for patients with a CD4
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKazuhiko Ikeuchi, Kazuaki Fukushima, Masaru Tanaka, Keishiro Yajima, Makoto Saito, Akifumi Imamura
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
by Kazuhiko Ikeuchi, Kazuaki Fukushima, Masaru Tanaka, Keishiro Yajima, Makoto Saito, Akifumi Imamura Introduction Although the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is used to determine treatment efficacy for syphilis, animal studies show that it decreases gradually after an initial increase even without treatment. Pre-treatment changes in RPR titer in humans and its relationship with post-treatment changes in RPR titer are not well known. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of syphilitic patients who underwent automated RPR (Mediace) testing twice before treatment (i.e., at diagnosis and treatment initiation) within 1–3 months at an HIV/AIDS referral hospital in Japan between 2006 and 2018. The RPR values were expressed as the ratio to the value at treatment initiation. The mean monthly relative change in the RPR after treatment was calculated on the log2 scale for each patient and analyzed by multivariable linear regression. Results Sixty-eight patients were identified. The median age was 45 (interquartile range [IQR], 38–50), 98.5% (67/68) were men, and 97.1% (66/68) had HIV. The median RPR titer ratio at treatment initiation/diagnosis was 0.87 (IQR, 0.48–1.30). The RPR titer decreased more than twofold in 26.5% (18/68) and more than fourfold in 10.3% (7/68) before treatment. In the multivariable analysis, higher age (predicted monthly RPR relative change on the log2 scale 0.23/10 years [95% confidence interval [CI], 0.090–0.37]), history of syphilis (0.36 [95% CI, 0.07–0.65]), and a lower ratio of RPR at treatment initiation/diagnosis (−0.52/every 10-fold increase [95% CI, −0.81 to −0.22]) were associated with a slower RPR decrease after treatment. Conclusions In a mostly HIV patient population, RPR titer can show more than four-fold spontaneous increase or decrease within 1–3 months. Pre-treatment spontaneous decrease of RPR titer was associated with a slower decrease in post-treatment RPR titer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background Malaria causes significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and sub-tropical regions, particularly in humanitarian emergencies including refugee camps in malaria endemic areas. An epidemiological investigation was conducted on malaria disease distribution and risk factors in the world’s largest refugee settlement, the Rohingya refugee camps on the south-eastern border area of Bangladesh, within 2017–2020. Methods From February 2017 to March 2020, 30,460 febrile patients were tested for malaria using light microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. Most were self-presenting symptomatic patients and a minority were from door-to-door malaria screening. Diagnostic tests were done by trained medical technologists upon the advice of the concerned physicians in the camps. Test positivity rate (%) and annual parasite incidence were calculated and compared using chi-squared (χ 2) test or odds ratios. Results The overall average annual test positivity rate (TPR) was 0.05%. TPR was highest in people who had travelled to the forest in the previous 2 months, at 13.60%. Cases were clustered among male adults aged 15–60 years. There were no cases among children under five years or pregnant women and no deaths from malaria. Conclusion This study found very few malaria cases among Rohingya refugees with the majority of cases being imported from hilly forested areas, which were thus assumed to act as the reservoir for transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeihua XuKeyin TianShaowen HuMingxiao ChenMeng Zhang1Department of Emergency, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China2Department of Neonatology, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China, Kimberly A. Kline
Infection and Immunity, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Infection, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Case presentation A pregnant woman developed hepatitis due to a herpes simplex virus 2 primary infection with a severe systemic inflammatory response. Treatment with acyclovir and human immunoglobulin was given and both mother and baby survived. Purpose We provide the first description of the inflammatory response associated with herpetic hepatitis in pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFlores-Lovon, K., Soriano-Moreno, D. R., Medina-Ramirez, S. A., Fernandez-Guzman, D., Caira-Chuquineyra, B., Fernandez-Morales, J., Tuco, K. G., Turpo-Prieto, J., Alave, J., Goicochea-Lugo, S.
BMJ Open, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of antituberculosis therapy on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis. DesignSystematic review. Data sourcesWe searched in PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL and EMBASE up to 15 January 2023. Additionally, we manually search the reference lists of included studies. Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trials (RCT), non-RCTs (non-RCT) and cohort studies that evaluated the effects of antituberculosis treatment on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis compared with not receiving antituberculosis treatment or receiving the treatment for a shorter period. Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data. We used Cochrane Risk of Bias 1.0 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies tools for risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis was not performed. We used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach to assess the certainty of the evidence. ResultsTwo RCTs and one non-RCT were included. The antituberculosis regimens were based on isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 6–12 months. In women without structural damage, very low certainty of evidence from one RCT showed that the antituberculosis treatment may have little to no effect on pregnancy, full-term pregnancy, abortion or intrauterine death and ectopic pregnancy, but the evidence is very uncertain. In women with structural damage, very low certainty of evidence from one non-RCT showed that the antituberculosis treatment may reduce the pregnancy rate (297 fewer per 1000, 95% CI –416 to –101), but the evidence is very uncertain. In addition, very low certainty of evidence from one RCT compared a 9-month vs 6-month antituberculosis treatment regimen showed similar effects between the schemes, but the evidence is very uncertain. Two RCTs reported that no adverse events of antituberculosis treatment were noted or were similar in both groups. ConclusionThe effect of antituberculosis treatment on pregnancy outcomes in infertile women with genital tuberculosis is very uncertain. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022273145.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWaite, A. A. C., Johnston, B. W., Boyle, A. J., Cherry, M. G., Fisher, P., Brown, S. L., Jones, C., Williams, K., Welters, I. D.
BMJ Open, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
IntroductionPsychological distress is common in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and is anticipated in those who were treated for severe COVID-19 infection. This trainee-led, multicentre, observational, longitudinal study aims to assess the psychological outcomes of ICU survivors treated for COVID-19 infection in the UK at 3, 6 and/or 12 months after ICU discharge and explore whether there are demographic, psychosocial and clinical risk factors for psychological distress. Methods and analysisQuestionnaires will be provided to study participants 3, 6 and/or 12 months after discharge from intensive care, assessing for anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms, health-related quality of life and physical symptoms. Demographic, psychosocial and clinical data will also be collected to explore risk factors for psychological distress using latent growth curve modelling. Study participants will be eligible to complete questionnaires at any of the three time points online, by telephone or by post. Ethics and disseminationThe PIM-COVID study was approved by the Health Research Authority (East Midlands - Derby Research and Ethics Committee, reference: 20/EM/0247). Trial registration numberNCT05092529.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBeaney, T., Clarke, J., Salman, D., Woodcock, T., Majeed, A., Barahona, M., Aylin, P.
BMJ Open, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
ObjectivesTo determine whether the frequency of diagnostic codes for long-term conditions (LTCs) in primary care electronic healthcare records (EHRs) is associated with (1) disease coding incentives, (2) General Practice (GP), (3) patient sociodemographic characteristics and (4) calendar year of diagnosis. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingGPs in England from 2015 to 2022 contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum dataset. ParticipantsAll patients registered to a GP with at least one incident LTC diagnosed between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2019. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe number of diagnostic codes for an LTC in (1) the first and (2) the second year following diagnosis, stratified by inclusion in the Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) financial incentive programme. Results3 113 724 patients were included, with 7 723 365 incident LTCs. Conditions included in QOF had higher rates of annual coding than conditions not included in QOF (1.03 vs 0.32 per year, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohamed, Y., Danchin, M., Kaufman, J.
BMJ Open, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
IntroductionVaccine coverage remains inequitable globally. Many systematic reviews have looked at the effectiveness of strategies to improve vaccine uptake; however, these reviews frequently lack data from low and middle-income countries (LMICs), where evidence of cost-effective strategies is most valuable. This is partly because reviews often exclude non-randomised, observational or unpublished evaluations that are common in LMICs. Many reviews also exclude multicomponent interventions due to challenges isolating the effect of each component. A comprehensive mapping of multicomponent interventions implemented in LMICs would increase the visibility of studies excluded from systematic reviews and improve comparability of future evaluations by providing guidance for researchers on evaluation frameworks. This scoping review aims to identify, compare and summarise the properties and evaluation methods of multicomponent interventions to improve uptake of routine childhood vaccines in LMICs, and to assess the strengths and limitations of evaluation frameworks applied. Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We will search the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane, Eldis and Global Health (CAB Direct), Global Index Medicus, 3ie Portal, Google Scholar, COnnecting REpositories, and reference lists. One author will screen titles and abstracts and extract data from included articles using a pretested data extraction template. Uncertainties will be resolved through discussion with another author. Only studies published in English will be included for full review. We will assess the practicability, applicability, sensitivity and specificity of the evaluation frameworks used and present results using descriptive statistics, summary tables and charts. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. The review will be submitted as part of a doctoral thesis, presented at conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Study registrationhttps://osf.io/7r84g.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInternational Journal for Parasitology, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2023 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Wei Pang, Jie Bai, Liying Zhu, Fei Liu, Yudi Wu, Fan Yang, Li Zheng, Pengbo Liu, Yaowen Zhang, Meilian Wang, Jun Li, Xiaotong Zhu, Liwang Cui, Yaming Cao
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhihui ChengYangyang ZhengWen YangHongmin SunFangyu ZhouChuangjie HuangShuwen ZhangYingying SongQi’an LiangNan YangMeifang LiBin LiuLu FengLei WangaThe Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinabDepartment of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinacTEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 39, September 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKrista JagerMaria Teresa Orozco-HidalgoBenjamin Lennart SpringsteinEuan Joly-SmithFotini PapazotosEmilyKate McDonoughEleanor FlemingGiselle McCallumAndy H. YuanAndreas HilfingerAnn HochschildLaurent Potvin-TrottieraDepartment of Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, CanadabDepartment of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115cDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, CanadadDepartment of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115eDepartment of Mathematics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, CanadafDepartment of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, CanadagDepartment of Physics, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, CanadahCenter for Applied Synthetic Biology, Concordia University, Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 39, September 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadja Geuther, Djibril Mbarushimana, Felix Habarugira, Jean Damascene Buregeya, Mandy Kollatzsch, Roland Pfüller, Maurice Mugabowindekwe, Jules Ndoli, Frank P. Mockenhaupt
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Brian Greenwood
New England Journal of Medicine, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 13, Page 1162-1164, September 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSelam Mihreteab, Lucien Platon, Araia Berhane, Barbara H. Stokes, Marian Warsame, Pascal Campagne, Alexis Criscuolo, Laurence Ma, Nathalie Petiot, Cécile Doderer-Lang, Eric Legrand, Kurt E. Ward, Assefash Zehaie Kassahun, Pascal Ringwald, David A. Fidock, Didier Ménard
New England Journal of Medicine, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 13, Page 1191-1202, September 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBasim Ali, Matthew C. Mason
New England Journal of Medicine, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 13, Page 1220-1220, September 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 389, Issue 13, Page 1247-1248, September 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas L. Holland, Sara E. Cosgrove, Sarah B. Doernberg, Timothy C. Jenkins, Nicholas A. Turner, Helen W. Boucher, Oleksander Pavlov, Ivan Titov, Serhii Kosulnykov, Boyko Atanasov, Ivan Poromanski, Manana Makhviladze, Anastasia Anderzhanova, Martin E. Stryjewski, Maziar Assadi Gehr, Marc Engelhardt, Kamal Hamed, Daniel Ionescu, Mark Jones, Mikael Saulay, Jennifer Smart, Harald Seifert, Vance G. Fowler
New England Journal of Medicine, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
BMC Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by an abnormal response of the body to infection and imposes a significant health and economic burden worldwide due to its high mortality rate. Early recognition of sepsis is crucial for effective treatment. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the performance of various machine learning models in predicting the onset of sepsis. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, covering studies from database inception to November 14, 2022. We used the PROBAST tool to assess the risk of bias. We calculated the predictive performance for sepsis onset using the C-index and accuracy. We followed the PRISMA guidelines for this study. Results We included 23 eligible studies with a total of 4,314,145 patients and 26 different machine learning models. The most frequently used models in the studies were random forest (n = 9), extreme gradient boost (n = 7), and logistic regression (n = 6) models. The random forest (test set n = 9, acc = 0.911) and extreme gradient boost (test set n = 7, acc = 0.957) models were the most accurate based on our analysis of the predictive performance. In terms of the C-index outcome, the random forest (n = 6, acc = 0.79) and extreme gradient boost (n = 7, acc = 0.83) models showed the highest performance. Conclusion Machine learning has proven to be an effective tool for predicting sepsis at an early stage. However, to obtain more accurate results, additional machine learning methods are needed. In our research, we discovered that the XGBoost and random forest models exhibited the best predictive performance and were most frequently utilized for predicting the onset of sepsis. Trial registration CRD42022384015
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by Orthohantavirus (OHV) and scrub typhus (ST) caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (OT) are two infectious diseases prevalent in southwest China. Rodents are the natural host and the main source of the two diseases. OT infection to humans is usually resulted from bite of an infective chigger mite on rodents, and OHV is transmitted through contact or inhalation of aerosols and secretions from infected rodent. The use of antibiotics and hormones is crucial for infectious diseases, although the clinical manifestations are not obvious and a definitive diagnosis becomes more difficult in the presence of these drugs. Clinically, fever is the first symptom of these two diseases, and most of them are accompanied by common symptoms such as chills and headaches. The clinical symptoms of these two diseases are very similar and therefore it is not easy to make a differential diagnosis. Case presentation In this case, a 44-year-old male famer with pulmonary tuberculosis and a history of working in coal transportation was admitted to the hospital because of respiratory symptoms accompanied by fever, headache, and skin rashes on his body. Biochemical and urinalysis revealed the hepatic and renal injury. The subsequent molecular testing confirmed he suffered from HFRS and scrub typhus simultaneously that the serological and clinical diagnosis could not identify the cause of infection before. Such case has not been reported in Yunnan Province before. Conclusion The clinical diagnosis should be combined with serological and nucleic acid testing approaches for differential diagnosis in areas where HFRS and ST are endemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background Brain abscesses caused by Prevotella oris are rarely reported. Here, we described a case of a brain infection caused by Prevotella oris that was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Case presentation A 63-year-old man with no medical history reported headache in the right frontotemporal region, fever, and intermittent diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed abnormal signals and enhancement changes in the superior sellar region. mNGS testing showed that cerebrospinal fluid collected from the spine was positive for Prevotella oris. After receiving a combined treatment of antibiotic therapy, the patient recovered well. Conclusion We reviewed the relevant literature and summarized the characteristics and prognosis of this type of bacterial infection to provide ideas for clinicians to diagnose and treat this disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background With the absence of new antimicrobial drugs being developed to replace those facing resistance, bacterial resistance continues to grow. Despite previous studies conducted in various countries, there is a lack of comprehensive local reporting on the occurrence of carbapenem resistance among gram-negative bacteria. Objective This study aims to identify the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates. Method A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an academic hospital in Jordan over an eight-month period, spanning from November 2021 to June 2022. The study involved screening electronic medical records to identify patients with clinical cultures showing the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility results of the Gram-negative isolates were recorded. Results A total of 1,043 isolated Gram-negative bacteria were analyzed for carbapenem susceptibility. Among the species tested, the most common carbapenem-resistant bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii (153/164, 93.3%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (184/311, 59.2%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (67/160, 41.9%). The least commonly isolated species resistant to carbapenem were Escherichia coli (25/361, 6.9%) and Proteus mirabilis (1/30, 3.3%). None of Serratia marcescens or Proteus vulgaris isolates were resistant to carbapenem (0%). Overall, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistance gram-negative isolates was 41.2% (430 out of 1,043). Conclusion This study provides population-specific data that are crucial for guiding empirical antimicrobial treatment decisions not only within the participating hospital but also in other nearby healthcare facilities. The results underscore the urgent need for coordinated efforts to address antibiotic resistance in Jordan. Comprehensive measures such as strict infection control methods, annual nationwide surveillance programs, and effective antimicrobial stewardship programs at the national level are imperative to reduce the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background Influenza is a common illness for its high rates of morbidity and transmission. The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic to manage its dissemination could affect the transmission of influenza. Methods A retrospective analysis, between 2018 and 2023, was conducted to examine the incidence of influenza virus types A and B among patients in sentinel cities located in North or South China as well as in Wuhan City. For validations, data on the total count of influenza patients from 2018 to 2023 were collected at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, which is not included in the sentinel hospital network. Time series methods were utilized to examine seasonal patterns and to forecast future influenza trends. Results Northern and southern cities in China had earlier outbreaks during the NPIs period by about 8 weeks compared to the 2018–2019. The implementation of NPIs significantly reduced the influenza-like illness (ILI) rate and infection durations. Influenza B Victoria and H3N2 were the first circulating strains detected after the relaxation of NPIs, followed by H1N1 across mainland China. The SARIMA model predicted synchronized H1N1 outbreak cycles in North and South China, with H3N2 expected to occur in the summer in southern cities and in the winter in northern cities over the next 3 years. The ILI burden is expected to rise in both North and South China over the next 3 years, with higher ILI% levels in southern cities throughout the year, especially in winter, and in northern cities mainly during winter. In Wuhan City and the Central Hospital of Wuhan, influenza levels are projected to peak in the winter of 2024, with 2 smaller peaks expected during the summer of 2023. Conclusions In this study, we report the impact of NPIs on future influenza trends in mainland China. We recommend that local governments encourage vaccination during the transition period between summer and winter to mitigate economic losses and mortality associated with influenza.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Abstract Background A prospective observational cohort study of COVID-19 patients in a single Emergency Department (ED) showed that sTREM-1- and IL-6-based algorithms were highly predictive of adverse outcome (Van Singer et al. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021). We aim to validate the performance of these algorithms at ED presentation. Methods This multicentric prospective observational study of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 adult patients was conducted in the ED of three Swiss hospitals. Data of the three centers were retrospectively completed and merged. We determined the predictive accuracy of the sTREM-1-based algorithm for 30-day intubation/mortality. We also determined the performance of the IL-6-based algorithm using data from one center for 30-day oxygen requirement. Results 373 patients were included in the validation cohort, 139 (37%) in Lausanne, 93 (25%) in St.Gallen and 141 (38%) in EOC. Overall, 18% (93/373) patients died or were intubated by day 30. In Lausanne, 66% (92/139) patients required oxygen by day 30. The predictive accuracy of sTREM-1 and IL-6 were similar compared to the derivation cohort. The sTREM-1-based algorithm confirmed excellent sensitivity (90% versus 100% in the derivation cohort) and negative predictive value (94% versus 100%) for 30-day intubation/mortality. The IL-6-based algorithm performance was acceptable with a sensitivity of 85% versus 98% in the derivation cohort and a negative predictive value of 60% versus 92%. Conclusion The sTREM-1 algorithm demonstrated good reproducibility. A prospective randomized controlled trial, comparing outcomes with and without the algorithm, is necessary to assess its safety and impact on hospital and ICU admission rates. The IL-6 algorithm showed acceptable validity in a single center and need additional validation before widespread implementation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGurnani, Payal K.; Barlow, Brooke; Boling, Bryan; Busse, Laurence W.; Diaz-Gomez, Jose L.; Ford, Jenna; Gibson, Gabrielle A.; Khanna, Ashish K.; Lee, Jennifer S.; Rivosecchi, Ryan M.; Spezzano, Katherine M.; Thornton, Nathan; Vallabhajosyula, Saraschandra; Witenko, Corey J.; Wieruszewski, Patrick M.
Critical Care Explorations, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
OBJECTIVES: A number of trials related to critical care pharmacotherapy were published in 2022. We aimed to summarize the most influential publications related to the pharmacotherapeutic care of critically ill patients in 2022. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online and the Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Pharmacotherapy Literature Update. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, or systematic review/meta-analyses of adult critically ill patients assessing a pharmacotherapeutic intervention and reporting clinical endpoints published between January 1, 2022, and December 31, 2022, were included in this article. DATA EXTRACTION: Articles from a systematic search and the Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Pharmacotherapy Literature Update were included and stratified into clinical domains based upon consistent themes. Consensus was obtained on the most influential publication within each clinical domain utilizing an a priori defined three-round modified Delphi process with the following considerations: 1) overall contribution to scientific knowledge and 2) novelty to the literature. DATA SYNTHESIS: The systematic search and Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Pharmacotherapy Literature Update yielded a total of 704 articles, of which 660 were excluded. The remaining 44 articles were stratified into the following clinical domains: emergency/neurology, cardiovascular, gastroenterology/fluids/nutrition, hematology, infectious diseases/immunomodulation, and endocrine/metabolic. The final article selected from each clinical domain was summarized following a three-round modified Delphi process and included three randomized controlled trials and three systematic review/meta-analyses. Article topics summarized included dexmedetomidine versus other sedatives during mechanical ventilation, beta-blocker treatment in the critically ill, restriction of IV fluids in septic shock, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in critically ill adults, duration of antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia, and low-dose methylprednisolone treatment in severe community-acquired pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: This concise review provides a perspective on articles published in 2022 that are relevant to the pharmacotherapeutic care of critically ill patients and their potential impact on clinical practice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJacklin F Mosha, Nancy S Matowo, Manisha A Kulkarni, Louisa A Messenger, Eliud Lukole, Elizabeth Mallya, Tatu Aziz, Robert Kaaya, Boniface A Shirima, Gladness Isaya, Monica Taljaard, Ramadhan Hashim, Jacklin Martin, Alphaxard Manjurano, Immo Kleinschmidt, Franklin W Mosha, Mark Rowland, Natacha Protopopoff
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 28.09.2023
Tilføjet 28.09.2023
Despite low coverage, the protective efficacy against malaria offered by chlorfenapyr–PY LLINs was superior to that provided by standard PY LLINs over a 3-year LLIN lifespan. Appropriate LLIN replacement strategies to maintain adequate usage of nets will be necessary to maximise the full potential of these nets.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed