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49 emner vises.
Ryan Murphy, Lauren Pomerantz, Prabhani Kuruppumullage Don, Jun Sung Kim, Bradley A. Long
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Ryan Murphy, Lauren Pomerantz, Prabhani Kuruppumullage Don, Jun Sung Kim, Bradley A. Long Introduction Vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted many higher education institutions. Understanding the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and uptake is instrumental in directing policies and disseminating reliable information during public health emergencies. Objective This study evaluates associations between age, gender, and political leaning in relationship to COVID-19 vaccination status among a large, multi-campus, public university in Pennsylvania. Methods From October 5—November 30, 2021, a 10-minute REDCap survey was available to students, faculty, and staff 18 years of age and older at the Pennsylvania State University (PSU). Recruitment included targeted email, social media, digital advertisements, and university newspapers. 4,231 responses were received. Associations between the selected factors and vaccine hesitancy were made with Chi-square tests and generalized linear regression models using R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16). Results Logistic regression approach suggested that age and political leaning have a statistically significant association with vaccine hesitancy at the 5% level. Adjusted for political leaning, odds of being vaccinated is 4 times higher for those aged 56 years or older compared to the ones aged 18 to 20 (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = (2.82, 6.85), p-value < 0.05). The results also showed that adjusted for age, the odds of being vaccinated is about 3 times higher for liberal individuals compared to far-left individuals (OR = 2.85, 95% CI = (1.45, 5.41), p-value = 0.001). Conclusions Age and political leaning are key predictors of vaccine uptake among members of the PSU community, knowledge of which may inform campus leadership’s public health efforts such as vaccine campaigns and policy decisions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnya Kiattiweerasak, Phubordee Bongkotvirawan, Natsuda Aumpan, Yoshio Yamaoka, Muhammad Miftahussurur, Ratha-korn Vilaichone
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Anya Kiattiweerasak, Phubordee Bongkotvirawan, Natsuda Aumpan, Yoshio Yamaoka, Muhammad Miftahussurur, Ratha-korn Vilaichone Background Gastric cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Significant number of gastric cancer patients presented with bleeding. Objective This study aimed to identify risk factors and overall survival rates of bleeding gastric cancer patients. Methods This retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2007–2022 at tertiary care center in Thailand. Clinical information, endoscopic findings and histological type were extensively reviewed and were compared between bleeders and non-bleeders. Patients were monitored for at least 5 years. Results There were 20,981 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during study period. Total of 201 gastric cancer patients were included in this study, 21 were excluded due to incomplete medical records. 180 gastric cancer patients were included with mean age of 60.5±14.3 years. There were 65 (36.1%) patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. Hypertension and chronic kidney disease were significantly more common in bleeders than non-bleeders (43.1% vs 23.5%, OR2.51, 95%CI 1.14.-5.52, p = 0.022; and 16.9% vs 5.2%, OR2.00, 95%CI 1.56–6.63, p = 0.025, respectively). current H. pylori infection was also significantly more common in bleeders than non-bleeders (84.6% vs. 55.7%, OR 4.39, 95%CI 1.90–10.12, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric Osei, Hubert Amu, Gideon Kye-Duodu, Mavis Pearl Kwabla, Evans Danso, Fred N. Binka, So Yoon Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Eric Osei, Hubert Amu, Gideon Kye-Duodu, Mavis Pearl Kwabla, Evans Danso, Fred N. Binka, So Yoon Kim Introduction The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) burden, coupled with unprecedented control measures including physical distancing, travel bans, and lockdowns of cities, implemented to stop the spread of the virus, have undoubtedly far-reaching aftereffects on other diseases. In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), a particular worry is the potential impact on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Tuberculosis (TB), as a consequence of possible disruption to health services and limiting access to needed life-saving health care. In Ghana, there is a paucity of information regarding the impact of COVID-19 on disease control, particularly TB and HIV control. This study sought to contribute to bridging this knowledge gap. Method The study involved the analysis of secondary data obtained from the District Health Information Management System-2 (DHIMS-2) database of Ghana Health Service, from 2016 to 2020. Data were analysed using an interrupted time-series regression approach to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on TB case notification, HIV testing, and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) initiations, using March 2020 as the event period. Results The study showed that during the COVID-19 pandemic period, there was an abrupt decline of 20.5% (955CI: 16.0%, 24.5%) in TB case notifications in April and 32.7% (95%CI: 28.8%, 39.1%) in May 2020, with a median monthly decline of 21.4% from April-December 2020. A cumulative loss of 2,128 (20%; 95%CI: 13.3%, 26.7%) TB cases was observed nationwide as of December 2020. There was also a 40.3% decrease in people presenting for HIV tests in the first month of COVID-19 (April 2020) and a cumulative loss of 262620 (26.5%) HIV tests as of December 2020 attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. ART initiations increased by 39.2% in the first month and thereafter decreased by an average of 10% per month from May to September 2020. Cumulatively, 443 (1.9%) more of the people living with HIV initiated ART during the pandemic period, however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted TB case notifications and HIV testing and counselling services, However, ART initiation was generally not impacted during the first year of the pandemic. Proactive approaches aimed at actively finding the thousands of individuals with TB who were missed in 2020 and increasing HIV testing and counselling and subsequent treatment initiations should be prioritised.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHellen Kyilyosudu, Sia E. Msuya, James S. Ngocho, Damian J. Damian
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Hellen Kyilyosudu, Sia E. Msuya, James S. Ngocho, Damian J. Damian Background HIV Testing and Counseling is a critical entry-point for HIV care, treatment and prevention. Tanzania adopted the WHO recommendations of Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC) in 2007 with the aim of increasing early HIV diagnosis and timely access to treatment and support services. However, approximately 55% of men are still unaware of their HIV status. This study aimed to determine the level of PITC uptake and factors associated with PITC availability and uptake among men attending healthcare facilities in Moshi Municipality, Northern Tanzania. Method A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2019 in five selected healthcare facilities in Moshi Municipal, Kilimanjaro region. Exit interviews were conducted with men aged 18 years and above who attended for care in the selected facilities. Modified Poisson regression modelling with robust standard errors were used to determine factors independently associated with being offered and accepting the PITC offer. Results A total of 562 men participated in this study. The median age of participants at enrollment was 37 (IQR: 26–59) years. Only 58% of participants reported to have been offered provider-initiated HIV counseling. Of these, 83% accepted the offer of HIV testing. Age between 35–59 years (aPR = 1.2; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.0, 1.4; p = 0.033) and having primary education (aPR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6, 0.9; p = 0.010) were factors independently associated with being offered PITC. Age between 35–59 years (aPR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.7, 0.9; p = 0.002); having been previously tested for HIV (aPR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1, 1.5; p = 0.011) and visiting a health facility twice or more in previous year (aPR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 1.5; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarijanatu Abdulai, David Owiredu, Isaac Boadu, Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong, Bismark Sarfo, Harriet Affran Bonful, Adolphina Addo- Lartey, Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo, Anthony Danso-Appiah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Marijanatu Abdulai, David Owiredu, Isaac Boadu, Philip Teg-Nefaah Tabong, Bismark Sarfo, Harriet Affran Bonful, Adolphina Addo- Lartey, Kwadwo Owusu Akuffo, Anthony Danso-Appiah Background The number of elderly people living with HIV (EPLHIV) has increased significantly as a result of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and this has brought about a variety of psychosocial challenges that have an impact on their quality of life (QoL). Various psychosocial interventions have been tried or implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to improve QoL of EPLHIV. However, there is paucity of data on the types and effectiveness of these interventions. This systematic review, therefore, aims to explore available psychosocial interventions in SSA and their effectiveness in improving the QoL of EPLHIV. Methods We will search PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, HINARI, Africa Journals Online, Scopus and Web of Science to retrieve publications on psychosocial interventions implemented to improve QoL of EPLHIV from inception of the identified databases to 31st December 2023 without language restrictions. Also, supplementary sources such as conference proceedings, preprint repositories, databases of dissertations, as well as WHO and governmental databases can be explored for additional studies. For unpublished studies, trial registries and experts would be contacted, and reference lists of retrieved papers will be manually searched. Retrieved studies will be deduplicated using Mendeley and exported to Rayyan. At least two reviewers will independently select studies, extract data and assess the quality of the included studies using validated tools. Dichotomous outcomes data will be assessed and reported as odds ratio (OR) or risk ratio (RR) and for continuous outcomes, mean difference (MD) will be used; all reported with their 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity will be explored graphically by inspecting the overlapping of CIs and assessed quantitatively using the I2 statistic. Expected outcomes This systematic review will be the first to rigorously identify psychosocial intervention on QoL of EPLHIV in SSA and assess their effectiveness with the aim to provide regional and country- specific data that will inform the selection and implementation of appropriate and socially acceptable policies across countries in SSA. Key findings of the review are expected to contribute critical evidence on availability, types and effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for improving quality of life of vulnerable elderly persons in SSA living with HIV. Furthermore, the review will explore any variation and possible correlates of psychosocial interventions by age, sex, CD4 count (if available), setting and geographic location within SSA that will provide healthcare professionals with reliable evidence, with the ultimate goal of inspiring countries in SSA to adopt innovative interventions to improve HIV care. Trial registration Systematic review registration: The systematic review protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), with registration ID CRD42021278218.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNameer Ascandar, Nikhil Chervu, Syed Shahyan Bakhtiyar, Nam Yong Cho, Shineui Kim, Manuel Orellana, Peyman Benharash
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Nameer Ascandar, Nikhil Chervu, Syed Shahyan Bakhtiyar, Nam Yong Cho, Shineui Kim, Manuel Orellana, Peyman Benharash Background Cardiac device infection (CDI) can occur in up to 2.2% of patients after device placement, with mortality rates exceeding 15%. Although device removal is standard management, the COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with resource diversion and decreased patient presentation for cardiovascular disease. We ascertained the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with outcomes and resource utilization after admission for CDI. Methods The 2016–2020 National Inpatient Sample was used to retrospectively study all adult admissions for CDI. Patients admitted between March and December, 2020 were classified as the pandemic cohort, with the rest pre-pandemic. The primary outcome was major adverse events (MAE), with secondary outcomes of overall length of stay (LOS), post-device removal LOS, time to device replacement, and hospitalization costs. MAE was a combination of in-hospital mortality and select complications. Multivariable regression models were developed to determine the relationship between the pandemic and the aforementioned outcomes. Results Of an estimated 190,160 patients, 14.3% comprised the pandemic cohort; 2.4% of these patients were COVID-19 positive. The pandemic cohort was older, less commonly female, and had higher rates of congestive heart failure. After adjustment, the pandemic was not associated with altered odds of MAE, device removal, or subsequent device replacement. The pandemic was, however, associated with decreased adjusted overall LOS (β -0.38 days) and days to device replacement (β -0.83 days). The pandemic was likewise associated with $2,000 increased adjusted hospitalization costs. Conclusion The pandemic did not have a significant impact on clinical outcomes in patients admitted for CDI, despite higher hospitalization costs and decreased length of stay.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedScott MeredithVictoria MajamHong ZhengNitin VermaAnkit PuriAdovi AkueMark KuKurugaMiranda OakleySanjai Kumar 1 Laboratory of Emerging Pathogens, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA 2 Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA , Jeroen P. J. Saeij
Infection and Immunity, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Charles D. GiamberardinoJennifer L. TenorDena L. ToffalettiJulia R. PalmucciWiley SchellJane-Valeriane K. BouaChoiselle MariusKatharine E. StottShelby L. SteeleWilliam HopeDon CillaJohn R. Perfect 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA 3 Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom 4 Appili Therapeutics Inc., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada , Andreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Ana Requena-Méndez, Paolo Cattaneo, Rebecca Tafesse Bogale, Helena Marti-Soler, Andreas Wångdahl, Dora Buonfrate, Zeno Bisoffi, Anna Färnert, the Malaria Migrant Collaborative group
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Nathalie van der Moeren, Vivian F. Zwart, Marie Louise van Leest, Marcel Thijssen, Robbert Groenewegen, Marieke Kuipers-de Heer, Jean-Luc Murk, Jeroen T. Tjhie, Bram M.W. Diederen, Joep J.J.M. Stohr
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance of a combined SARS-CoV-2/influenza rapid antigen test (SIRAT) and to evaluate a SIRAT-based hospital isolation policy awaiting RT-PCR results for patients presenting at the emergency department (ED).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaola Rodari, Francesca Tamarozzi, Veronica Andrea Fittipaldo, Dora Buonfrate, Federico Gobbi
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Blackwater fever (BWF) is a severe syndrome occurring in patients with malaria upon antimalarial treatment, characterized by massive intravascular haemolysis and haemoglobinuria. BWF is a neglected condition and management recommendations are unavailable.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
AbstractThe overlapping of two or more types of neural autoantibodies in one patient has increasingly been documented in recent years. The coexistence of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies is most common, which leads to a unique condition known as the MOG antibody and NMDAR antibody overlapping syndrome (MNOS). Here, we have reviewed the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, paraclinical features, and treatment of MNOS. Forty-nine patients with MNOS were included in this study. They were young males with a median onset age of 23 years. No tumors were observed in the patients, and 24 of them reported prodromal symptoms. The most common clinical presentations were psychiatric symptoms (35/49) and seizures (25/49). Abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging involved the brainstem (11/49), cerebellum (9/49), and parietal lobe (9/49). Most patients mostly responded to immunotherapy and had a good long-term prognosis. However, the overall recurrence rate of MNOS was higher than that of monoantibody-positive diseases. The existence of concurrent NMDAR antibodies should be suspected in patients with MOG antibody-associated disease having psychiatric symptoms, seizures, movement disorders, or autonomic dysfunction. Similarly, serum MOG antibody testing should be performed when patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis present with atypical clinical manifestations, such as visual impairment and limb weakness, and neuroradiological findings, such as optic nerve, spinal cord, or infratentorial involvement or meningeal enhancement). Early detection of the syndrome and prompt treatment can be beneficial for these patients, and maintenance immunosuppressive therapy is recommended due to the high overall recurrence rate of the syndrome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAhmed, A., Nahian, M. A., Rahman, M. M., Alam, N., Nahar, Q., Streatfield, P. K., Haider, M. M., Rahman, M.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
ObjectiveWith socioeconomic development, improvement in preventing and curing infectious diseases, and increased exposure to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) risk factors (eg, overweight/obesity, sedentary lifestyle), the majority of adult deaths in Bangladesh in recent years are due to NCDs. This study examines trends in cause-specific mortality risks using data from the Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). Design, settings and participantsWe conducted a follow-up study from 2003 to 2017 using data from Matlab HDSS, which covers a rural population of 0.24 million (in 2018) in Chandpur, Bangladesh. HDSS assessed the causes of all deaths using verbal autopsy and classified the causes using the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases. We examined 19 327 deaths involving 2 279 237 person-years. MethodsWe calculated annual cause-specific mortality rates and estimated adjusted proportional HRs using a Cox proportional hazards model. ResultsAll-cause mortality risk declined over the study period among people aged 15 and older, but the risk from stroke increased, and from heart disease and cancers remained unchanged. These causes were more common among middle-aged and older people and thus bore the most burden. Mortality from causes other than NCDs—namely, infectious and respiratory diseases, injuries, endocrine disorders and others—declined yet still constituted over 30% of all deaths. Thus, the overall mortality decline was associated with the decline of causes other than NCDs. Mortality risk sharply increased with age. Men had higher mortality than women from heart disease, cancers and other causes, but not from stroke. Lower household wealth quintile people have higher mortality than higher household wealth quintile people, non-Muslims than Muslims. ConclusionDeaths from stroke, heart disease and cancers were either on the rise or remained unchanged, but other causes declined continuously from 2003 to 2017. Immediate strengthening of the preventive and curative healthcare systems for NCDs management is a burning need.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBalintescu, A., Rysz, S., Hertz, C., Grip, J., Cronhjort, M., Oldner, A., Svensen, C., Martensson, J.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
ObjectiveUsing glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) screening, we aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic dysglycaemia among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Additionally, we aimed to explore the association between chronic dysglycaemia and clinical outcomes related to ICU stay. DesignMulticentre retrospective observational study. SettingICUs in three hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. ParticipantsCOVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between 5 March 2020 and 13 August 2020 with available HbA1c at admission. Chronic dysglycaemia was determined based on previous diabetes history and HbA1c. Primary and secondary outcomesPrimary outcome was the actual prevalence of chronic dysglycaemia (pre-diabetes, unknown diabetes or known diabetes) among COVID-19 patients. Secondary outcome was the association of chronic dysglycaemia with 90-day mortality, ICU length of stay, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and renal replacement therapy (RRT), accounting for treatment selection bias. ResultsA total of 308 patients with available admission HbA1c were included. Chronic dysglycaemia prevalence assessment was restricted to 206 patients admitted ICUs in which HbA1c was measured on all admitted patients. Chronic dysglycaemia was present in 82.0% (95% CI 76.1% to 87.0%) of patients, with pre-diabetes present in 40.2% (95% CI 33.5% to 47.3%), unknown diabetes in 20.9% (95% CI 15.5% to 27.1%), well-controlled diabetes in 7.8% (95% CI 4.5% to 12.3%) and uncontrolled diabetes in 13.1% (95% CI 8.8% to 18.5%). All patients with available HbA1c were included for the analysis of the relationship between chronic dysglycaemia and secondary outcomes. We found no independent association between chronic dysglycaemia and 90-day mortality, ICU length of stay or duration of IMV. After excluding patients with specific treatment limitations, no association between chronic dysglycaemia and RRT use was observed. ConclusionsIn our cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of chronic dysglycaemia was 82%. We found no robust associations between chronic dysglycaemia and clinical outcomes when accounting for treatment limitations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFeng, L., Qiu, K., Rao, Y., Shu, T., Song, Y., Cheng, D., Mao, M., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Wang, X., Zeng, X., Zhao, Y., Ren, J.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
ObjectivesTo systematically assess the associations between various immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated diseases. DesignRetrospective cohort study. SettingUK Biobank. ParticipantsA total of 500 371 subjects aged 40–69 years were eligible for the analysis, after excluding those with prevalent HPV-associated diseases at baseline and those who had withdrawn their informed consent or lacked information on sex. ExposureEighty IMDs (involving allergic/atopic diseases, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, etc) were identified in the UK Biobank. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe main outcome was the incidence of HPV-associated diseases (including warts and malignancies of the cervix, oropharynx, anus, penis, vulva and vagina). Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs with particular adjustment for sexual behaviours. We also conducted subgroup analyses based on benign and malignant status, and anatomical sites of HPV-associated diseases, respectively. ResultsDuring a median of 12.0 years of follow-up, 2244 cases out of 500 371 subjects developed HPV-associated diseases. Overall, participants with IMDs had a higher risk of HPV-associated diseases than their controls after adjustment for sexual behaviours and other potential confounders (female: HR=1.90, 95% CI=1.66 to 2.17, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGaffan, N., Degbey, C., Kpozehouen, A., Ahanhanzo, Y. G., Paraïso, M. N.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
ObjectiveThe paper aimed to study the association between household access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services and the occurrence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection among children under 5 years in Benin. DesignWe performed secondary analyses using Benin’s Fifth Demographic and Health Survey datasets. The dependent variables were diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (yes=1, no=0). Among the independent variables were the household access to individual WASH services, grouped as follows: ‘basic’, ‘limited’, ‘unimproved’ and ‘no service’. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between household access to WASH services and the occurrence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection. Results from the multivariate logistic regression were presented using adjusted Odds Ratios (aORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CIs). SettingBenin. ParticipantsChildren under 5 years successfully surveyed during Benin’s Fifth Demographic and Health Survey. Outcome measuresDiarrhoea and acute respiratory infection. ResultsIn the current study, 12 034 children under 5 years met the selection criteria and were included in the analyses. The prevalence of diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection was 10.5% (95% CI=9.8% to 11.3%) and 2.9% (95% CI=2.5% to 3.4%), respectively. Children living in households without sanitation service, that is, practising open defecation (aOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4 to 2.6), and with unimproved (aOR=1.9, 95% CI=1.3 to 2.7) and limited (aOR=1.5, 95% CI=1.1 to 2.2) services were more likely to have diarrhoea compared with children with basic sanitation services. Household access to WASH services was not associated with acute respiratory infection. ConclusionWe suggest reinforcing household access to basic sanitation services to combat diarrhoea in children under 5 years. Further research is needed on the effects of WASH interventions on diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRomero-Leiton, J. P., Acharya, K. R., Parmley, J. E., Arino, J., Nasri, B.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
IntroductionAedes mosquitoes are the primary vectors for the spread of viruses like dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), all of which affect humans. Those diseases contribute to global public health issues because of their great dispersion in rural and urban areas. Mathematical and statistical models have become helpful in understanding these diseases’ epidemiological dynamics. However, modelling the complexity of a real phenomenon, such as a viral disease, should consider several factors. This scoping review aims to document, identify and classify the most important factors as well as the modelling strategies for the spread of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV. Methods and analysisWe will conduct searches in electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed, MathSciNet and the Web of Science for full-text peer-reviewed articles written in English, French and Spanish. These articles should use mathematical and statistical modelling frameworks to study dengue, zika and chikungunya, and their cocirculation/coinfection with other diseases, with a publication date between 1 January 2011 and 31 July 2023. Eligible studies should employ deterministic, stochastic or statistical modelling approaches, consider control measures and incorporate parameters’ estimation or considering calibration/validation approaches. We will exclude articles focusing on clinical/laboratory experiments or theoretical articles that do not include any case study. Two reviewers specialised in zoonotic diseases and mathematical/statistical modelling will independently screen and retain relevant studies. Data extraction will be performed using a structured form, and the findings of the study will be summarised through classification and descriptive analysis. Three scoping reviews will be published, each focusing on one disease and its cocirculation/co-infection with other diseases. Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is exempt from ethics approval because it is carried out on published manuscripts and without the participation of humans and/or animals. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations in conferences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGoncalves, M. L. L., Sobral, A. P. T., Gallo, J. M. A. S., Gimenez, T., Ferri, E. P., Ianello, S., Motta, P. d. B., Motta, L. J., Horliana, A. C. R. T., Santos, E. M., Bussadori, S. K.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
IntroductionThe objective is to investigate the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by erythrosine and a blue light-emitting diode (LED) in the reduction of bacteria in dental biofilm. Methods and analysisThis clinical trial will be conducted with 30 patients who have biofilm, but without the presence of periodontal pockets, and who are being treated at the Dental Clinic of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos. A split-mouth model will be used (n=30), with group 1 control (conventional treatment) and group 2 (conventional treatment and aPDT). The bicarbonate jet will be used to remove dental biofilm in both groups. The treatment will be carried out in one session. aPDT will be performed before cleaning/prophylaxis, only in group 2. Participants will rinse with the photosensitiser erythrosine (diluted to 1 mM) for 1 min of pre-irradiation time, so that the drug can stain all the bacterial biofilm. Then, the D-2000 LED (DMC) will be applied, emitting at a wavelength of =470 nm, radiant power of 1000 mW, irradiance of 0.532 W/cm2 and radiant exposure of 63.8 J/cm2. Irradiation will be performed until the biofilm of the cervical region is illuminated for 2 min/point (4 cm2). The microbiological examination will be performed from samples of supragingival biofilm collected from the gingival sulcus. Collection will be performed in each experimental site before irradiation, immediately after the irradiation procedure and after the prophylaxis. Colony-forming units will be counted and the data will be submitted for statistical analysis for comparison of pretreatment and post-treatment results and between groups (conventional X aPDT). Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Ethics Committee of Universidade Metropolitana de Santos under process number 66984123.0.0000.5509. Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at conferences. Trial registration numberNCT05805761.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHo, Q. Y., Lai, C. M. D., Liew, I. T., Oon, L. L. E., Lim, K. L., Chung, S. J., Thangaraju, S., Tien, S.-Y. C., Tan, C. S., Kee, T.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
IntroductionKidney transplant recipients (KTRs) suffer from immunosuppression-related adverse events (iRAEs), such as infections and malignancy from chronic immunosuppression, but are also at risk of graft loss from rejection with underimmunosuppression. Biomarkers that predict both iRAEs and rejection while allowing individualisation of immunosuppression exposure are lacking. Although plasma viral DNA levels of torque teno virus (TTV), a widely prevalent, non-pathogenic virus, have been shown to predict both iRAE and rejection in newly transplanted KTRs within the first year after transplant, its role for prevalent KTRs on stable immunosuppression is less clear. This study aims to determine the prognostic value of TTV levels for severe infections (defined as infections requiring hospitalisation) in prevalent KTRs on stable immunosuppression for at least 3 months and compare it against that of other commonly available biomarkers. The study also aims to explore the relationship between TTV levels and factors affecting the ‘net state of immunosuppression’ as well as other clinical outcomes. Methods and analysisThis is a single-centre, prospective, observational cohort study of 172 KTRs on stable immunosuppression for more than 3 months. TTV levels will be measured using the TTV R-GENE kit upon recruitment when study subjects are admitted and when kidney allograft biopsies are performed. Subjects will be monitored for iRAEs and rejection for at least 12 months. The relationship between TTV load and clinical outcomes such as severe infections will be analysed and compared against that from other common biomarkers and previously published predictive scores. Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the SingHealth Centralised Institutional Review Board (2023/2170). The results will be presented at conferences and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration numberNCT05836636.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuis Artur Ferreira Sousa, Lucas Salomão de Sousa Ferreira, Luis Felipe Lima Lobato, Hivylla Lorrana dos Santos Ferreira, Lucas Henrique dos Santos Sousa, Valdenice Ferreira dos Santos, Paulo Ricardo Silva Nunes, Carlos Eduardo Campos Maramaldo, Sebastião Silveira Neto, Hellen Lobato Sampaio, Fabiano Vieira da Silva, Marcelo da Costa Brito, Washington Kleber Rodrigues Lima, Claudia Zeneida Gomes Parente Alves Lima, Lidio Gonçalves Lima Neto
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Burak Yulug, Behçet Ayyıldız, Sevilay Ayyıldız, Dila Sayman, Ali Behram Salar, Seyda Cankaya, Ece Ozdemir, Ahmet Ozsimsek, Cagla Ceren Kurt, Hatice Lakadamyalı, Aynur Akturk, Özlem Altay, Lutfu Hanoglu, Halil Aziz Velioglu, Adil Mardinoglu
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Torgny Sunnerhagen, Franziska Schwartz, Lars Christophersen, Thomas Bjarnsholt, Klaus Qvortrup, Nikolaj Eldrup, Katja Vogt, Claus Moser
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
An endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) graft is a catheter-implanted vascular prosthesis and is the preferred treatment for patients with aortic aneurysm. If an EVAR graft becomes the focus of infection, the treatment possibilities are limited as it is technically difficult to remove the graft to obtain source control. This study examines whether Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus form biofilm on EVAR prostheses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMacLean, A., Wild, C., Hunt, K., Nettleton, S., Skea, Z. C., Ziebland, S.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
ObjectivesTo explore the impact of Long Covid (LC) on the school experiences of children and young people (CYP). DesignQualitative study using narrative interviews. Participants22 CYP (aged 10–18 years, 15 female) with LC and 15 parents/caregivers (13 female) of CYP (aged 5–18 years) with LC. SettingInterviews were conducted between October 2021 and July 2022 via online video call or telephone. Recruitment routes included social media, LC support groups, clinicians, community groups and snowballing. ResultsThree key findings were identified. Finding 1: Going to school is a valued part of CYP’s lives and participants viewed educational attainment as important for their future trajectories. Returning to school full time was highlighted as a key part of regaining ‘normal life’. Finding 2: Attending school (in-person or online) with LC is extremely difficult; even a gradual return required CYP to balance the impact of being at and engaging with school, with the need to manage symptoms to prevent relapse. Often this meant prioritising school and rest over other aspects of their lives. Finding 3: School responses to CYP with LC were reported to be mixed and hampered by difficulties communicating with healthcare professionals during the pandemic and a lack of awareness of LC among healthcare and education professionals. Participants viewed supportive school responses as staff believing, understanding and taking them seriously, alongside schools offering tailored and flexible adaptations which allowed engagement with school while limiting any deterioration of symptoms. ConclusionsThis study describes how LC affects the school experiences of CYP and generates recommendations for supportive school responses alongside supportive healthcare professionals. Further research could explore the approaches that facilitate a successful return to school for CYP with LC and investigate education professionals’ perspectives on support they require to positively engage with returning pupils.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSreelekshmy MohandasAnita ShetePrasad SarkaleAbhinendra KumarChandrasekhar MotePragya Yadava Maximum Containment Facility, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, Indiab Department of Veterinary Pathology, Krantisinh Nana Patil College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal, Maharashtra, India
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Jian-Ping RenHao-Long CongLi-Jie GaoDong-Fang JiangXin-Tong LiYun WangJiu-Qiang WangTie-Shan Tanga State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chinab University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Chinac Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, Chinad Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, Chinae Peninsular Cancer Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Jinlong YuMingzhang LiJin WangMusha HamushanFeng JiangBoyong WangYujie HuPei HanJin TangGeyong GuoHao Shena Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Chinab Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
René BergmannWieland SchroedlUwe MüllerChristoph Georg Baumsa Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germanyb Institute of Immunology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Wangxiao ZhouYe JinGaoqin TengWeiwei ChenYunbo ChenQixia LuoYonghong Xiaoa State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinab Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, People’s Republic of Chinae Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Hao YangZhe WangJieyin XiaoJingbo HuXiao TuZemao Gua College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Chinab Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Chinac National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-Reference Laboratory (HZAU), Wuhan, Chinad Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Chinae Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Chuan Chiang-NiChien-Yi ChiangYan-Wen ChenYong-An ShiYu-Tzu ChaoShuying WangPei-Jane TsaiCheng-Hsun Chiua Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwanb Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwanc Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwand Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwane Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwanf Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwang Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Xinchi ZhuShuoyue WangYu DuZijing LiangHuochun YaoXiang ChenZongfu Wua MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Chinab Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, Chinac OIE Reference Lab for Swine Streptococcosis, Nanjing, Chinad Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Salah I. FaragMonika K. FrancisJyoti M. GurungSun Nyunt WaiHans StenlundMatthew S. FrancisAftab Nadeema Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Swedenb Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Swedenc The Laboratory for Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Swedend Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Umeå University, Umeå, Swedene Swedish Metabolomics Centre (SMC), Umeå, Sweden
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Wanchen ZhaoXin LiuXinyu ZhangZhiwei QiuJun JiaoYang LiRuyi GaoXiaoquan WangJiao HuXiaowen LiuShunlin HuXinan JiaoDaxin PengMin GuXiufan Liua Animal Infectious Diseases Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Chinab Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, Chinac Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Elisabeth SeebachGabriele SonnenmoserKatharina F. KubatzkyDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Kexin HuaTingting LiYanling HeAohan GuanLiying ChenYuan GaoQianshuan XuHaoyu WangRui LuoLing ZhaoHui Jina State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Chinab College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Chinac Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Chinad Department of Animal Disease Diagnosis, Hubei Animal Disease Prevention and Control Centre, Wuhan, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Naveen KumarSanjay BaruaRam KumarNitin KhandelwalAmit KumarAssim VermaLokender SinghBhagraj GodaraYogesh ChanderGarvit KumarThachamvally RiyeshDeepak Kumar SharmaAnubha PathakSanjay KumarRamesh Kumar DedarVishal MehtaMitesh GaurBhupendra BhardwajVithilesh VyasSarjeet ChaudharyVijaypal YadavAdrish BhatiRakesh KaulArif BashirAnjum AndrabiRaja Wasim YousufAbhimanyu KoulSubhash KachhawahaAmol GuravSiddharth GautamHari Audh TiwariVijay Kumar MunjalMadhurendu K. GuptaRajender KumarBaldev R. GulatiJyoti MisriAshok KumarAshok Kumar MohantySukdeb NandiKaram Pal SinghYash PalTriveni DuttBhupendra N. Tripathia National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Indiab Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Indiac Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, Indiad Department of Animal Husbandry, Banswara, Rajasthan, Indiae Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Udaipur, Indiaf Department of Animal Husbandry, Udaipur, Rajasthan, Indiag Department of Animal Husbandry, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, Indiah Department of Animal Husbandry, Alwar, Rajasthan, Indiai Livestock Research station, Nohar, Rajasthan, Indiaj Animal Husbandry Department, Jammu and Kashmir, Indiak Krishi Vigyan Kendra, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, Indial Hasanand Gaushala, Vrindavan, Mathura, Indiam Bovine Sperm Station and Research Centre, Hisar, Indian Department of Veterinary Pathology, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Indiao Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Indiap Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Jnana A.Sadiya S. S.Satyamoorthy K.Murali T.S.a Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Indiab Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Yue ZhangXiaobin ZhouShuyi ChenXinchen SunChenglin Zhoua Clinical Medical Laboratory Center, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Chinab School of public health, Nantong University, Nantong, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Li-Jane ShihChun-Chun YangMin-Tser LiaoKuo-Cheng LuWan-Chung HuChih-Pei Lina Department of Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwanb Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwanc Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwand Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwane National Defense Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwanf Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwang Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwanh h Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Yuying LiangDepartment of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Lian LiuGaojie ChenShujian HuangFeng Wena Foshan University, Foshan, Chinab School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Chinac Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Roger J. GrandInstitute for Cancer and Genomic Science, the Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Nancy GuillénCell Biology and Infection Department, Institut Pasteur and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS-ERM9195, Paris, France
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Kathryn C. RahlwesBeatriz R.S. DiasPriscila C. CamposSamuel Alvarez-ArguedasMichael U. Shiloha Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USAb Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Widaliz Vega-RodriguezHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Michaela CainHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Shania SanchezHinh LyComparative and Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Widaliz Vega-RodriguezHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St Paul, MN, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
Brigitte FlanneryMichaela CainHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023