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49 emner vises.
Dobson, R., Craner, M., Waddingham, E., Miller, A., Cavey, A., Webb, S., Hemingway, C., Hobart, J., Evangelou, N., Scolding, N., Rog, D., Nicholas, R., Marta, M., Blain, C., Young, C. A., Ford, H. L., Matthews, P. M.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
The power of ‘real world’ data to improve our understanding of the clinical aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) is starting to be realised. Disease modifying therapy (DMT) use across the UK is driven by national prescribing guidelines. As such, the UK provides an ideal country in which to gather MS outcomes data. A rigorously conducted observational study with a focus on pharmacovigilance has the potential to provide important data to inform clinicians and patients while testing the reliability of estimates from pivotal trials when applied to patients in the UK.
Methods and analysis
The primary aim of this study is to characterise the incidence and compare the risk of serious adverse events in people with MS treated with DMTs. The OPTIMISE:MS database enables electronic data capture and secure data transfer. Selected clinical data, clinical histories and patient-reported outcomes are collected in a harmonised fashion across sites at the time of routine clinical visits. The first patient was recruited to the study on 24 May 2019. As of January 2021, 1615 individuals have baseline data recorded; follow-up data are being captured and will be reported in due course.
Ethics and dissemination
This study has ethical permission (London City and East; Ref 19/LO/0064). Potential concerns around data storage and sharing are mitigated by the separation of identifiable data from all other clinical data, and limiting access to any identifiable data. The results of this study will be disseminated via publication. Participants provide consent for anonymised data to be shared for further research use, further enhancing the value of the study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuang, Q., Hao, S., You, J., Yao, X., Li, Z., Schilling, J., Thyparambil, S., Liao, W.-L., Zhou, X., Mo, L., Ladella, S., Davies-Balch, S. R., Zhao, H., Fan, D., Whitin, J. C., Cohen, H. J., McElhinney, D. B., Wong, R. J., Shaw, G. M., Stevenson, D. K., Sylvester, K. G., Ling, X. B.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
This study aimed to develop a blood test for the prediction of pre-eclampsia (PE) early in gestation. We hypothesised that the longitudinal measurements of circulating adipokines and sphingolipids in maternal serum over the course of pregnancy could identify novel prognostic biomarkers that are predictive of impending event of PE early in gestation.
Study design
Retrospective discovery and longitudinal confirmation.
Setting
Maternity units from two US hospitals.
Participants
Six previously published studies of placental tissue (78 PE and 95 non-PE) were compiled for genomic discovery, maternal sera from 15 women (7 non-PE and 8 PE) enrolled at ProMedDx were used for sphingolipidomic discovery, and maternal sera from 40 women (20 non-PE and 20 PE) enrolled at Stanford University were used for longitudinal observation.
Outcome measures
Biomarker candidates from discovery were longitudinally confirmed and compared in parallel to the ratio of placental growth factor (PlGF) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) using the same cohort. The datasets were generated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric assays.
Results
Our discovery integrating genomic and sphingolipidomic analysis identified leptin (Lep) and ceramide (Cer) (d18:1/25:0) as novel biomarkers for early gestational assessment of PE. Our longitudinal observation revealed a marked elevation of Lep/Cer (d18:1/25:0) ratio in maternal serum at a median of 23 weeks’ gestation among women with impending PE as compared with women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The Lep/Cer (d18:1/25:0) ratio significantly outperformed the established sFlt-1/PlGF ratio in predicting impending event of PE with superior sensitivity (85% vs 20%) and area under curve (0.92 vs 0.52) from 5 to 25 weeks of gestation.
Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the longitudinal measurement of maternal Lep/Cer (d18:1/25:0) ratio allows the non-invasive assessment of PE to identify pregnancy at high risk in early gestation, outperforming the established sFlt-1/PlGF ratio test.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMoustafa, M., Mali, M. E., Lopez-Verdugo, F., Sanyang, O., Nellermoe, J., Price, R. R., Manortey, S., Biritwum-Nyarko, A., Ofei, I., Sorensen, J., Goldsmith, A., Brownson, K. E., Kumah, A., Sutherland, E.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Define the services available for the care of breast cancer at hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana, identify areas of the region with limited access to care through geospatial mapping, and test a novel survey instrument in anticipation of a nationwide scale up of the study.
Design
A cross-sectional, facility-based survey study.
Setting
This study was conducted at 33 of the 34 hospitals in the Eastern Region of Ghana from March 2020 to May 2020.
Participants
The 33 hospitals surveyed represented 97% of all hospitals in the region. This included private, government, quasi-government and faith-based organisation owned hospitals.
Results
Sixteen hospitals (82%) surveyed provided basic screening services, 11 (33%) provided pathological diagnosis and 3 (9%) provided those services in addition to basic surgical care.53%, 64% and 78% of the population lived within 10 km, 25 km and 45 km of screening, diagnostic and treatment services respectively. Limited chemotherapy was available at two hospitals (6%), endocrine therapy at one hospital (3%) and radiotherapy was not available. Twenty-nine hospitals (88%) employed a general practitioner and 13 (39%) employed a surgeon. Oncology specialists, pathology personnel and a plastic surgeon were only available in one hospital (3%) in the Eastern Region.
Conclusions
Although 16 hospitals (82%) provided screening, only half the population lived within reasonable distance of these services. Few hospitals offered diagnosis and surgical services, but 64% and 78% of the population lived within a reasonable distance of these hospitals. Geospatial analysis suggested two priorities to cost-effectively expand breast cancer services: (1) increase the number of health facilities providing screening services and (2) centralise basic imaging, pathological and surgical services at targeted hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSertsewold, S. G., Debie, A., Geberu, D. M.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
This study aimed to analyse the prevalence and factors associated with continuum of maternal healthcare services among women who gave birth in Siyadebirena Wayu district, Central Ethiopia.
Design
Community-based cross-sectional study.
Setting
At eight Kebeles in Central Ethiopia.
Participants
The study was done on 614 women aged 15–49 years using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Following proportional allocation of the sample, we used simple random sampling technique to select study participants.
Methods
Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify the factors associated with the outcome. Variables with p<0.2 in the bivariable analysis were the candidates for multivariable analysis. A p<0.05 and adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI were taken to declare the factors and the strengths of association with continuum of maternal healthcare utilisation.
Outcome
Continuum of maternal healthcare utilisation.
Results
Only 16.1% (95% CI 13.3% to 19.0%) of the women had used a complete continuum of maternal health services. Variables, such as contraceptive use (AOR 4.95; 95% CI 1.61 to 15.20), autonomy (AOR 4.45; 95% CI 1.69 to 11.60), urban residence (AOR 3.91; 95% CI 1.06 to 14.39), educated women (AOR 5.36; 95% CI 1.15 to 25.06), took less than 30 min to reach a health facility (AOR 3.17; 95% CI 1.38 to 7.25), use public transportation (AOR 2.48; 95% CI 1.12 to 5.52) and good knowledge (AOR 9.88; 95% CI 3.89 to 25.0) were positively associated with continuum of maternal healthcare. In the contrary, women who had third child birth order (AOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.8) was negatively associated.
Conclusions
Overall, the level of the continuum of maternal healthcare services utilisation was low compared with the national and global targets. Therefore, programme planners and implementer had better conduct health education to enhance the awareness of women about continuum of maternal healthcare services. Healthcare sector policy-makers and managers shall also scale up healthcare facilities to improve access to maternal healthcare services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBhandari, B., Schutte, A. E., Jayasuriya, R., Vaidya, A., Subedi, M., Narasimhan, P.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Background
Understanding contextual needs and preferences is important for a successful design and effective outcome of a mHealth strategy.
Objectives
This formative study aimed to explore the perspectives of patients and providers on the acceptability of a mHealth (text message) strategy and elicit preferred features of a mHealth strategy for hypertension management.
Design
A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions guided by the technology acceptance model.
Setting
The study was conducted at primary healthcare facilities and at a tertiary level referral hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Participants
A total of 61 participants, patients with hypertension (n=41), their family members (n=5), healthcare workers (n=11) and key informants (n=4) were included. We purposively recruited patients with hypertension aged 30–70 who attended the selected healthcare facilities to obtain maximum variation based on their age, sex and literacy.
Results
The respondents perceived the mHealth strategy to be useful as it would reinforce medication compliance and behaviour change. Participants valued the trustworthiness of information from health authorities that could be delivered privately. Some implementation challenges were identified including a lack of technical manpower, resources for software development, gaps in recording a patient’s essential information and digital illiteracy. Solutions proposed were having system-level preparedness for recording the patient’s details, establishing a separate technical department in the hospital and involving a family member to assist illiterate/elderly patients. In addition, participants preferred text messages in the local language, containing comprehensive contextual content (disease, treatment, cultural foods and misconceptions) delivered at regular intervals (2–3 times/week) preferably in the morning or evening.
Conclusions
We found that a simple text messaging strategy was acceptable for hypertension management in this low/middle-income country setting. However, meticulous planning must address the needs of a diverse range of participants to ensure the mHealth strategy is acceptable to wider groups.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShepard, K., Buivydaite, R., Vincent, C.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
To describe the current work of the Patient Advice and Liaison Service (PALS) and assess the service’s potential to resolve concerns and contribute to organisational learning.
Design
A qualitative study using semistructured interviews.
Setting
Four mental health trusts and four acute trusts in the English National Health Service, a total of eight PALS across different trusts.
Participants
Twenty-four participants comprising of PALS staff and clinicians working with PALS teams.
Methods
Semistructured interviews were undertaken with participants using video conferencing software. The framework method was used for the analysis of the large qualitative dataset, which is a conventional method of analysis, similar to thematic or qualitative content analysis.
Results
PALS teams fulfil their core responsibilities by acting as point of contact for patients, providing information and resolving a variety of recurrent problems, including PALS staff communication, staff attitudes and waiting times. The remit and responsibilities of each PALS has often broadened over time. Barriers to resolving concerns included a lack of awareness of PALS, limited to no policies informing how staff resolve concerns, an emphasis on complaints and the attitude of clinical staff. Senior management had widely differing views on how the PALS should operate and the management of complaints is a much higher priority. Few PALS teams carried out any analysis of the data or shared data within their organisations.
Conclusions
PALS teams fulfil their core responsibilities by acting as point of contact for patients, providing information and resolving concerns. PALS staff also act as navigators of services, mediators between families and staff and, occasionally, patient advocates in supporting them to raise concerns. PALS has the potential to reduce complaints, increase patient satisfaction and provide rapid organisational feedback. Achieving this potential will require more awareness and support within organisations together with updated national policy guidance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMillgate, E., Kravariti, E., Egerton, A., Howes, O. D., Murray, R. M., Kassoumeri, L., Donocik, J., Lewis, S., Drake, R., Lawrie, S., Murphy, A., Collier, T., Lees, J., Stockton-Powdrell, C., Walters, J., Deakin, B., MacCabe, J.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Background
70%–84% of individuals with antipsychotic treatment resistance show non-response from the first episode. Emerging cross-sectional evidence comparing cognitive profiles in treatment resistant schizophrenia to treatment-responsive schizophrenia has indicated that verbal memory and language functions may be more impaired in treatment resistance. We sought to confirm this finding by comparing cognitive performance between antipsychotic non-responders (NR) and responders (R) using a brief cognitive battery for schizophrenia, with a primary focus on verbal tasks compared against other measures of cognition.
Design
Cross-sectional.
Setting
This cross-sectional study recruited antipsychotic treatment R and antipsychotic NR across four UK sites. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS).
Participants
One hundred and six participants aged 18–65 years with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder were recruited according to their treatment response, with 52 NR and 54 R cases.
Outcomes
Composite and subscale scores of cognitive performance on the BACS. Group (R vs NR) differences in cognitive scores were investigated using univariable and multivariable linear regressions adjusted for age, gender and illness duration.
Results
Univariable regression models observed no significant differences between R and NR groups on any measure of the BACS, including verbal memory (ß=–1.99, 95% CI –6.63 to 2.66, p=0.398) and verbal fluency (ß=1.23, 95% CI –2.46 to 4.91, p=0.510). This pattern of findings was consistent in multivariable models.
Conclusions
The lack of group difference in cognition in our sample is likely due to a lack of clinical distinction between our groups. Future investigations should aim to use machine learning methods using longitudinal first episode samples to identify responder subtypes within schizophrenia, and how cognitive factors may interact within this.
Trail registration number
REC: 15/LO/0038.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRasti, R., Brännström, J., Martensson, A., Zenk, I., Gantelius, J., Gaudenzi, G., Alvesson, H. M., Alfven, T.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
In many resource-limited health systems, point-of-care tests (POCTs) are the only means for clinical patient sample analyses. However, the speed and simplicity of POCTs also makes their use appealing to clinicians in high-income countries (HICs), despite greater laboratory accessibility. Although also part of the clinical routine in HICs, clinician perceptions of the utility of POCTs are relatively unknown in such settings as compared with others. In a Swedish paediatric emergency department (PED) where POCT use is routine, we aimed to characterise healthcare providers’ perspectives on the clinical utility of POCTs and explore their implementation in the local setting; to discuss and compare such perspectives, to those reported in other settings; and finally, to gather requests for ideal novel POCTs.
Design
Qualitative focus group discussions study. A data-driven content analysis approach was used for analysis.
Setting
The PED of a secondary paediatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden.
Participants
Twenty-four healthcare providers clinically active at the PED were enrolled in six focus groups.
Results
A range of POCTs was routinely used. The emerging theme Utility of our POCT use is double-edged illustrated the perceived utility of POCTs. While POCT services were considered to have clinical and social value, the local routine for their use was named to distract clinicians from the care for patients. Requests were made for ideal POCTs and their implementation.
Conclusion
Despite their clinical integration, deficient implementation routines limit the benefits of POCT services to this well-resourced paediatric clinic. As such deficiencies are shared with other settings, it is suggested that some characteristics of POCTs and of their utility are less related to resource level and more to policy deficiency. To address this, we propose the appointment of skilled laboratory personnel as ambassadors to hospital clinics offering POCT services, to ensure higher utility of such services.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJi, Y., Zhao, X., Feng, Y., Qu, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, S., Wu, Y., Xue, F., Liu, Y.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
The prevalence of childhood hypertension is rising in parallel with the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in children. How growth trajectories from childhood to puberty relate to high blood pressure (HBP) is not well defined. We aimed to characterise potential body mass index (BMI) dynamic changing trajectories from childhood to puberty and investigate their association with HBP.
Design
A dynamic prospective cohort.
Setting
China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015.
Participants
There were 1907 participants (1027 men and 880 women) in this study.
Outcomes
The primary outcome was HBP defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) exceeding the standards or diagnosis by medical records or taking antihypertensive medication.
Results
A model of cubic parameters with three groups was chosen, labelled as normal increasing group (85.16%, n=1624), high increasing group (9.81%, n=187) and resolving group (5.03%, n=96). Compared with the normal increasing group, the unadjusted HRs (95% CIs) for the resolving and high increasing groups were 0.91 (0.45 to 1.86) and 1.88 (1.26 to 2.81), respectively. After adjusting for baseline age, region, sex, baseline BMI z-score, baseline SBP and baseline DBP in model 3, the HRs (95% CIs) for the resolving and high increasing groups were 0.66 (0.30 to 1.45) and 1.56 (1.02 to 2.38).
Conclusions
These results indicate that the BMI trajectories from childhood to puberty have significant impact on HBP risk. Puberty is a crucial period for the development of HBP.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChen, Q., Chen, J., Zhou, Y., Huang, L., Tang, Y., Li, J., Zhang, J.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
Asthma is a common chronic disease that imposes a substantial burden on individuals and society. However, the natural history of childhood asthma in a large population remained to be studied. This study aimed to describe the natural course of childhood asthma and examine the association between early life factors and childhood asthma.
Design
A population-based cohort study.
Setting
This study was based on the national registry data in Denmark.
Participants
All liveborn singletons in Denmark during 1995–1997 were identified and followed them till the end of 2009. Finally, 193 673 children were eligible for our study.
Exposures
The following characteristics were examined as potential early life factors associated with childhood asthma, including parity, maternal asthma history, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal social status, delivery method and gender.
Main outcomes and measures
Asthma cases were identified on the basis of hospitalisation for asthma and prescriptions for antiasthmatic medications. Asthma remission was defined as no hospitalisation or prescription recorded for 2 years. Cox proportional hazards’ regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between early life factors and the occurrence and remission of childhood asthma.
Results
The cumulative occurrence rate of asthma in children aged 3–14 years was 13.3% and the remission rate was 44.1%. The occurrence rate decreased with age. Being female had a lower risk of asthma (HR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.74) and higher remission rate of asthma (HR: 1.18, 1.13 to 1.22), while maternal asthma was associated with a higher risk of asthma (HR: 2.15, 2.04 to 2.26) and decreased remission rate of asthma (HR: 0.79, 0.73 to 0.85). These patterns remained the same for early onset asthma.
Conclusions
Female gender had a lower risk of asthma and a better chance of remission, while maternal asthma history had an opposite effect. The early life factors may influence the natural course of childhood asthma.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAye, W. T., Lien, L., Stigum, H., Bjertness, E.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
To estimate the prevalence of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health problems, including mental distress and PTSD symptoms.
Design
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Childhood abuse was assessed with the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, and mental distress and symptoms of PTSD were measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 10 and the Impact of Event Scale—Revised, respectively. The Wald test and multiple linear regression analysis were applied for testing differences between proportions and the association between childhood abuse and adult mental health outcomes, respectively.
Setting
Urban and rural areas of the Yangon Region, Myanmar.
Participants
A total of 2377 men and women aged 18–49 years were included. Institutionalised people, monks, nuns and individuals deemed too ill physically and/or mentally to participate were excluded.
Results
Overall, 21.1% (95% CI 18.8 to 23.6) reported any form of childhood abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.9 to 12.4) physical abuse, 10.4% (95% CI 8.8 to 12.2) emotional abuse and 7.3% (95% CI 5.7 to 9.3) sexual abuse. Childhood abuse was more common in women (29.8%) than in men (12.4%). The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the total sample was 6.6%. After adjusting for confounding variables, positive associations were found between childhood abuse with adult mental distress and PTSD symptoms among women and older men.
Conclusions
Childhood abuse is prevalent among both men and women in the Yangon Region of Myanmar and associated with adult mental health problems. Approximately 7% of people report PTSD symptoms. It should prompt local health professionals and policy makers to establish prevention programmes to eliminate violence against children and to organise services for victims of childhood abuse. Care should be taken in generalising findings for less populated areas.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLaberge, M., Rekik, M., Djiffa, K. M.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Examine variations in parent’s preferences for their child’s type 1 diabetes (T1D) follow-up care and the determinants of the preferred intensity of care. Clinical guidelines recommend multidisciplinary management of T1D, with follow-up visits with an endocrinologist at least every 3 months in the paediatric population. However, there could be heterogeneity in parents’ needs, and preferences in terms of care management may deviate from clinical guidelines.
Setting
Not applicable.
Participants
Parents who have a child living with T1D and who reside in Quebec, Canada.
Intervention
In collaboration with a patient-partner (a parent of a child with T1D), we developed a survey to collect data from parents of children living with T1D. Our primary outcome of interest was the preferred time in months between two appointments. We ran a probit model to analyse longer time (over 3 months between appointments), compared with the standard of care (3 months or less).
Results
Results suggest that about one-third (33%) of parents want to deviate from the guideline. Parents who want to increase the time between appointments are more experienced in the management of the disease and have higher costs than those who wish to follow the 3-month guideline. The number of years since the diagnosis is positively associated with a preference for a longer time between appointments, while the perceived useful of information provided during the consultation, and a parent having made a change in their professional life were negatively associated with a desire to space out appointments. The child’s gender is not a significant factor in parents’ preferences.
Conclusions
Adapting visit protocols could make the health system more efficient to respond to T1D patients and their parent’s needs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhang, X., Li, Y., Gao, L., Yu, Q., Zhou, C., Zou, W.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
A surrogate marker to evaluate artery endothelial response when stimulated by reactive hyperaemia, known as brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD), has prognostic value in predicting hypertensive organ damage and cardiovascular disease events. However, the degree of correlation between brachial FMD and masked hypertension (MH) outcomes is still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to pool data regarding FMD with respect to MH.
Methods and analysis
Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Cochrane Library will be searched for the following keywords: endothelial dysfunction, flow-mediated dilation, and masked hypertension, masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) and prehypertension. The following are the eligibility criteria: population—adults (18 years old or older) without hypertension at baseline, with suspected endothelial dysfunction, or from MH/MUCH populations (office blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg and home blood pressure ≥135 mm Hg and/or 85 mm Hg) and from controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, or randomised and controlled trials; exposures—any metrics for FMD; comparisons—participants without MH or MUCH; and outcome—change in FMD between the case group and the control group. Two authors will be engaged in screening and collecting data independently; disagreements will be resolved through discussion. Data extraction will include primary data designated as HR, OR, correlations and regression coefficients. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V.2.0 will be used to conduct related subgroup and sensitivity analyses and publication bias.
Ethics and dissemination
This study does not require ethics approval. It will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020208362.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNetere, A. K., Muhammad, E. A., Asres, M. S., Teklie, M. T.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
The study determined the comparative renal functions on patients with diabetes treated with ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) plus either thiazide diuretics or calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in Northwestern Ethiopia.
Design
Retrospective cohort study design was employed to collect the data from medical records of patients with diabetes followed for 1–5 years (N=404).
Setting
The medical records of patients in chronic diabetic follow-up clinics of the hospital.
Participants
All the patients with diabetes medical records in Northwestern Ethiopian specialised hospital.
Main outcome measures
Exposures were ACEIs plus thiazide diuretics or CCBs collected from March to June 2020. Outcomes were defined as declining in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values by ≥30% from the baseline recorded from 2015 to 2019. Descriptive and analytical statistics were illustrated to compare the study groups. Kaplan-Meier with log- rank test was used to plot the survival analyses curve. Potential factors substantially associated to renal events were examined using cox proportional hazards model.
Result
About 20% of patients developed renal events and significant numbers were from hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) users. The mean eGFR levels were significantly higher in patients on CCBs users over the follow-up years compared with HCT-based users. The CCBs users had an 18.8 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher in eGFR levels at the end of the follow-up period than HCT users (p<0.001). HCT users had shorter survival probability overtime to develop the outcomes compared with CCBs users (p=0.003). The CCBs-based regimen prevented risks of declining in renal function by 56.4% than HCT (p=0.001). Hazards of declining in eGFR levels were 93% higher for the patients with initial systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels were more than 150 mm Hg (p=0.006).
Conclusion
Compared with HCT, patients on CCBs had significantly prevented risks of renal events. However, both groups appeared with the same cardiovascular events. HCT-based regimen and higher initial SBP levels were significantly associated with eGFR reductions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVesela, R., Elenjord, R., Lehnbom, E. C., Ofstad, E. H., Johnsgard, T., Zahl-Holmstad, B., Risor, T., Wisloff, T., Roslie, L., Filseth, O. M., Valle, P.-C., Svendsen, K., Froyshov, H. M., Garcia, B. H.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
The ‘emergency department (ED) pharmacist’ is an integrated part of the ED interdisciplinary team in many countries, which have shown to improve medication safety and reduce costs related to hospitalisations. In Norway, few EDs are equipped with ED pharmacists, and research describing effects on patients has not been conducted. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of introducing clinical pharmacists to the interdisciplinary ED team. In this multicentre study, the intervention will be pragmatically implemented in the regular operation of three EDs in Northern Norway; Tromsø, Bodø and Harstad. Clinical pharmacists will work as an integrated part of the ED team, providing pharmaceutical care services such as medication reconciliation, review and/or counselling. The primary endpoint is ‘time in hospital during 30 days after admission to the ED’, combining (1) time in ED, (2) time in hospital (if hospitalised) and (3) time in ED and/or hospital if re-hospitalised during 30 days after admission. Secondary endpoints include time to rehospitalisation, length of stay in ED and hospital and rehospitalisation and mortality rates.
Methods and analysis
We will apply a non-randomised stepped-wedge study design, where we in a staggered way implement the ED pharmacists in all three EDs after a 3, 6 and 9 months control period, respectively. We will include all patients going through the three EDs during the 12-month study period. Patient data will be collected retrospectively from national data registries, the hospital system and from patient records.
Ethics and dissemination
The Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics and Local Patient Protection Officers in all hospitals have approved the study. Patients will be informed about the ongoing study on a general basis with ads on posters and flyers.
Trial registration number
NCT04722588.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWu, B., Lu, Y., Yu, Y., Yue, H., Wang, J., Chong, Y., Cui, W.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Abnormal coagulation function aggravates the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It was reported that the antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid (TXA) could reduce intracranial haemorrhage and mortality in non-operative patients with TBI. However, there is a lack of evaluation of TXA in patients with TBI undergoing craniotomy.
Methods and analysis
This is a single-centre randomised controlled, double-blind, parallel study aiming to investigate the effectiveness and safety of TXA in patients with TBI during the perioperative period. Blood loss and transfusion, neurological function, adverse events, mortality and serum immune-inflammatory cytokines will be collected and analysed.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval has been granted by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical University (reference number KY 2020-136-03). The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Trial registration number
ChiCTR2100041911.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedvan Niekerk, S.-M., Kamalakannan, S., Inglis-Jassiem, G., Charumbira, M. Y., Fernandes, S., Webster, J., English, R., Louw, Q. A., Smythe, T.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
To explore the opportunities and challenges within the health system to facilitate the achievement of universal health coverage (UHC) for people with stroke (PWS) in South Africa (SA).
Setting
SA.
Design
Scoping review.
Search methods
We conducted a scoping review of opportunities and challenges to achieve UHC for PWS in SA. Global and Africa-specific databases and grey literature were searched in July 2020. We included studies of all designs that described the healthcare system for PWS. Two frameworks, the Health Systems Dynamics Framework and WHO Framework, were used to map data on governance and regulation, resources, service delivery, context, reorientation of care and community engagement. A narrative approach was used to synthesise results.
Results
Fifty-nine articles were included in the review. Over half (n=31, 52.5%) were conducted in Western Cape province and most (n=41, 69.4%) were conducted in urban areas. Studies evaluated a diverse range of health system categories and various outcomes. The most common reported component was service delivery (n=46, 77.9%), and only four studies (6.7%) evaluated governance and regulation. Service delivery factors for stroke care were frequently reported as poor and compounded by context-related limiting factors. Governance and regulations for stroke care in terms of government support, investment in policy, treatment guidelines, resource distribution and commitment to evidence-based solutions were limited. Promising supporting factors included adequately equipped and staffed urban tertiary facilities, the emergence of Stroke units, prompt assessment by health professionals, positive staff attitudes and care, two clinical care guidelines and educational and information resources being available.
Conclusion
This review fills a gap in the literature by providing the range of opportunities and challenges to achieve health for all PWS in SA. It highlights some health system areas that show encouraging trends to improve service delivery including comprehensiveness, quality and perceptions of care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShrestha, R., Upadhyay, S. K., Khatri, B., Bhattarai, J. R., Kayastha, M., Upadhyay, M. P.
BMJ Open, 25.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
This non-inferiority study aimed to determine the burden of obesity in a hospital outpatient setting of a developing country, using three commonly employed metrics as predictors of hypertension (HTN).
Design
A cross-sectional study design was adopted.
Setting
This study was conducted in Health Promotion and Risk Factor Screening Services of a tertiary hospital for eye and ear, nose, throat in a semiurban area of Nepal.
Participants
2256 randomly selected outpatients between 40 and 69 years old.
Outcome measures
The three obesity metrics and HTN were analysed for association using correlation, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and ORs.
Results
The prevalence of obesity or overweight by body mass index (BMI) was 58.29%; by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was 85.95%, high waist circumference (WC) was observed among 66.76% of participants. Female participants had a greater prevalence of high WC (77.46%) than males (53.73%) (p<0.001). Prevalence of HTN and pre-HTN were 40.67% and 36.77%, respectively. The areas under the ROC curve were significantly higher than 0.5 for BMI (0.593), WHtR (0.602) and WC (0.610).
Conclusion
This study showed that WHtR and WC measured were not inferior to BMI as a metric for obesity detection and HTN prediction. Because of its low cost, simplicity of measurement and better ability to predict HTN, it may become a more usable metric in health facilities of low-income and middle-income countries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShakya, P., Shrestha, A., Karmacharya, B. M., Shrestha, A., Kulseng, B. E., Skovlund, E., Sen, A.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Evidence suggests that diabetes burden can be reduced by implementing early lifestyle intervention programmes in population with pre-diabetes in high-income countries. However, little is known in developing nations like Nepal. This study aims to assess effectiveness of community-based Diabetes Prevention Education Program (DiPEP) on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, proportion of pre-diabetes reverting to normoglycaemia, diet, physical activity, weight reduction, diabetes knowledge and health literacy after 6 months of follow-up. Furthermore, we will also conduct qualitative studies to explore experiences of participants of intervention sessions and perception of healthcare workers/volunteers about DiPEP.
Methods and analyses
This is a community-based two-arm, open-label, cluster randomised controlled trial. We will randomise 14 clusters into intervention arm and control arm. Estimated total sample size is 448. We will screen individuals without diabetes, aged 18–64 years, and permanent residents of study sites. HbA1c test will be only performed if both Indian Diabetes Risk Score and random blood sugar value are ≥60 and 140–250 mg/dL, respectively. At baseline, participants in intervention arm will receive DiPEP package (including intensive intervention classes, diabetes prevention brochure, exercise calendar and food record booklet), and participants in control arm will be provided only with diabetes prevention brochure. The change in outcome measures will be compared between intervention to control arm after 6 months of follow-up by linear mixed models. Also, we will conduct individual interviews among participants and healthcare workers as part of a qualitative study. We will use thematic analysis to analyse qualitative data.
Ethics and dissemination
Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics, Norway; Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal and Institutional Review Committee, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences have approved the study. The DiPEP package can be implemented in other communities of Nepal if it is effective in preventing diabetes.
Trial registration number
NCT04074148, 2019/783.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSoley-Bori, M., Lingam, R., Satherley, R.-M., Forman, J., Cecil, L., Fox-Rushby, J., Wolfe, I.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
The Children and Young People’s Health Partnership (CYPHP) Evelina London Model of Care is a new approach to integrated care delivery for children and young people (CYP) with common health complaints and chronic conditions. CYPHP includes population health management (services shaped by data-driven understanding of population and individual needs, applied in this case to enable proactive case finding and tailored biopsychosocial care), specialist clinics with multidisciplinary health teams and training resources for professionals working with CYP. This complex health system strengthening programme has been implemented in South London since April 2018 and will be evaluated using a cluster randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation. This protocol describes the within-trial and beyond-trial economic evaluation of CYPHP.
Methods and analysis
The economic evaluation will identify, measure and value resources and health outcome impacts of CYPHP compared with enhanced usual care from a National Health Service/Personal Social Service and a broader societal perspective. The study population includes 90 000 CYP under 16 years of age in 23 clusters (groups of general practitioner (GP) practices) to assess health service use and costs, with more detailed cost-effectiveness analysis of a targeted sample of 2138 CYP with asthma, eczema or constipation (tracer conditions). For the cost-effectiveness analysis, health outcomes will be measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the Child Health Utility 9 Dimensions (CHU-9D) measure. To account for changes in parental well-being, the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale will be integrated with QALYs in a cost–benefit analysis. The within-trial economic evaluation will be complemented by a novel long-term model that expands the analytical horizon to 10 years. Analyses will adhere to good practice guidelines and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence public health reference case.
Ethics and dissemination
The study has received ethical approval from South West-Cornwall and Plymouth Research Ethics Committee (REC Reference: 17/SW/0275). Results will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, made available in briefing papers for local decision-makers, and provided to the local community through website and public events. Findings will be generalisable to community-based models of care, especially in urban settings.
Trial registration number
NCT03461848.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHanlon, H. R., Prihodova, L., Russell, T., Donegan, D., O'Shaughnessy, A., Hoey, H.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
To examine experiences of participation in a mandatory system of continuing professional development (CPD) among doctors in Ireland, in order to identify areas for improvement.
Design
A qualitative cross-sectional design was used.
Participants
1408 participants (701 male, 707 female) were recruited via email from a population of 4350 doctors enrolled on a Royal College of Physicians of Ireland Professional Competence Scheme (PCS) for the 2017/2018 year, and completed an online survey as part of a larger study examining experiences and attitudes towards participation in PCS. A subset of the sample (434 participants) responded to an optional open-ended question about PCS participation. Responses to the open-ended question were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Thematic analysis resulted in five main themes relating to perceived barriers to PCS participation across a wide range of areas: ‘Evidence of participation’, ‘The structure of PCS’, ‘Questioning the benefits of formal CPD’, ‘Workplace challenges’ and ‘Access issues’.
Conclusions
Taken together, the five themes outlined in this study give a wide-ranging, in-depth picture of the challenges faced by Irish doctors, which expand on well-documented factors such as time constraints, to illustrate a series of complex, interacting factors. Some barriers, such as difficulty obtaining evidence of participation, may be relatively easily addressed. Others, such as issues with the way the PCS is structured, are more intractable, and require further research to understand more fully and develop appropriate solutions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZeng, Y., Xia, J., Chen, Z., Tian, X., Ren, Y.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a prevalent symptom in cancer survivors. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) has been reported as a promising therapy for CRF. This protocol is proposed for a systematic review that aims to assess the efficacy and safety of TEAS for CRF.
Methods and analysis
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Medline, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry System, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform will be searched from inception to 31 January 2021 without language limitations. The eligible randomised controlled trials will be included. The primary outcomes include changes in the revised Piper fatigue scale, the Brief fatigue inventory, the Multidimensional fatigue inventory and the Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue. The secondary outcomes are the quality-of-life measurement index, the Hamilton anxiety scale, the Hamilton depression scale and adverse events. The selection of studies, data extraction and assessment of risk of bias will be conducted independently by two reviewers. Data synthesis will be performed using RevMan V.5.4.1. The quality of evidence will be evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. This study will strictly adhere to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required as this is a systematic review and meta-analysis based on previously published studies involving no private information of patients. The results of this study will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42020220282.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThorgeirsdottir, L., Andersson, M., Karlsson, O., Thörn, S.-E., Oras, J., Sengpiel, V., Svanvik, T., Elden, H., Linden, K., Junus, K., Lager, S., Enskär, I., van Veen, T., Wikström, J., Björkman-Burtscher, I., Stigsdotter Neely, A., Wikström, A.-K., Bergman, L.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder in pregnancy, is one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, we lack methods for objective assessment of organ function in pre-eclampsia and predictors of organ impairment during and after pre-eclampsia. The women’s and their partners’ experiences of pre-eclampsia have not been studied in detail. To phenotype different subtypes of the disorder is of importance for prediction, prevention, surveillance, treatment and follow-up of pre-eclampsia.
The aim of this study is to set up a multicentre database and biobank for pre-eclampsia in order to contribute to a safer and more individualised treatment and care.
Methods and analysis
This is a multicentre cohort study. Prospectively recruited pregnant women ≥18 years, diagnosed with pre-eclampsia presenting at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Uppsala University Hospital and at Södra Älvsborgs Hospital, Sweden, as well as normotensive controls are eligible for participation. At inclusion and at 1-year follow-up, the participants donate biosamples that are stored in a biobank and they are also asked to participate in various organ-specific evaluations. In addition, questionnaires and interviews regarding the women’s and partner’s experiences are distributed at follow-up.
Ethics and dissemination
By creating a database and biobank, we will provide the means to explore the disorder in a broader sense and allow clinical and laboratory discoveries that can be translated to clinical trials aiming at improved care of women with pre-eclampsia. Further, to evaluate experiences and the psychological impact of being affected by pre-eclampsia can improve the care of pregnant women and their partners. In case of incidental pathological findings during examinations performed, they will be handled in accordance with clinical routine. Data are stored in a secure online database. Biobank samples are identified through the women’s personal identification number and pseudonymised after identification in the biobank before analysis.
This study was approved by the regional ethical review board in Gothenburg on 28 December 2018 (approval number 955-18) and by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority on 27 February 2019 (approval number 2019-00309).
Results from the study will be published in international peer-reviewed journals.
Trial registration number
ISRCTN13060768
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVestergaard, A. H. S., Christiansen, C. F., Neergaard, M. A., Valentin, J. B., Johnsen, S. P.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
To investigate illness trajectories as reflected by healthcare utilisation, including hospital and intensive care unit admissions, consultations in general practice and home care provision, before death comparing people dying from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure and cancer.
Design
Nationwide register-based cohort study.
Setting
Data on all hospital admissions, including intensive care unit admissions, consultations in general practice and home care provision were obtained from nationwide Danish registries.
Participants
All adult decedents in Denmark dying from COPD, heart failure or cancer between 2006 and 2016.
Outcome measures
For each day within 5 years before death, we computed a daily prevalence proportion (PP) of being admitted to hospital or consulting a general practitioner. For each day within 6 months before death, we computed PPs of being admitted to intensive care or receiving home care. The PPs were plotted and compared by regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, comorbidity level, marital/cohabitation status, municipality and income level.
Results
Among 1 74 086 patients dying from COPD (n=22 648), heart failure (n=11 498) or cancer (n=139 940), the PPs of being admitted to hospital or consulting a general practitioner showed similar steady progression and steep increase in the last year of life for all patient populations. The PP of being admitted to intensive care showed modest increase during the last 6 months of life, accelerating in the last month, for all patient populations. For patients with COPD and heart failure, the PP of receiving home care remained stable during the last 6 months of life but increased steadily for patients with cancer.
Conclusion
We found limited differences in healthcare resource utilisation at the end of life for people with COPD, heart failure or cancer, indicating comparable illness trajectories.
This supports the need to reconsider efforts in achieving equal access to palliative care interventions, which is still mainly offered to patients with cancer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGarrett, J., Vanston, A., Ogola, G., da Graca, B., Cassity, C., Kouznetsova, M. A., Hall, L. R., Qiu, T.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) and oversedation are rare but potentially devastating adverse events in hospitalised patients. We investigated which features predict an individual patient’s risk of OIRD or oversedation; and developed a risk stratification tool that can be used to aid point-of-care clinical decision-making.
Design
Retrospective observational study.
Setting
Twelve acute care hospitals in a large not-for-profit integrated delivery system.
Participants
All inpatients ≥18 years admitted between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2018 who received an opioid during their stay (163 190 unique hospitalisations).
Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was occurrence of sedation or respiratory depression severe enough that emergent reversal with naloxone was required, as determined from medical record review; if naloxone reversal was unsuccessful or if there was no evidence of hypoxic encephalopathy or death due to oversedation, it was not considered an oversedation event.
Results
Age, sex, body mass index, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, concurrent sedating medication, renal insufficiency, liver insufficiency, opioid naïvety, sleep apnoea and surgery were significantly associated with risk of oversedation. The strongest predictor was concurrent administration of another sedating medication (adjusted HR, 95% CI=3.88, 2.48 to 6.06); the most common such medications were benzodiazepines (29%), antidepressants (22%) and gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue (14.7%). The c-statistic for the final model was 0.755. The 24-point Oversedation Risk Criteria (ORC) score developed from the model stratifies patients as high (>20%, ≥21 points), moderate (11%–20%, 10–20 points) and low risk (≤10%, <10 points).
Conclusions
The ORC risk score identifies patients at high risk for OIRD or oversedation from routinely collected data, enabling targeted monitoring for early detection and intervention. It can also be applied to preventive strategies—for example, clinical decision support offered when concurrent prescriptions for opioids and other sedating medications are entered that shows how the chosen combination impacts the patient’s risk.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHugues, A., Guinet-Lacoste, A., Bin, S., Villeneuve, L., Lunven, M., Perennou, D., Giraux, P., Foncelle, A., Rossetti, Y., Jacquin-Courtois, S., Luaute, J., Rode, G.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Patients with right stroke lesion have postural and balance disorders, including weight-bearing asymmetry, more pronounced than patients with left stroke lesion. Spatial cognition disorders post-stroke, such as misperceptions of subjective straight-ahead and subjective longitudinal body axis, are suspected to be involved in these postural and balance disorders. Prismatic adaptation has showed beneficial effects to reduce visuomotor disorders but also an expansion of effects on cognitive functions, including spatial cognition. Preliminary studies with a low level of evidence have suggested positive effects of prismatic adaptation on weight-bearing asymmetry and balance after stroke. The objective is to investigate the effects of this intervention on balance but also on postural disorders, subjective straight-ahead, longitudinal body axis and autonomy in patients with chronic right stroke lesion.
Methods and analysis
In this multicentre randomised double-blind sham-controlled trial, we will include 28 patients aged from 18 to 80 years, with a first right supratentorial stroke lesion at chronic stage (≥12 months) and having a bearing ≥60% of body weight on the right lower limb. Participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group (performing pointing tasks while wearing glasses shifting optical axis of 10 degrees towards the right side) or to the control group (performing the same procedure while wearing neutral glasses without optical deviation). All participants will receive a 20 min daily session for 2 weeks in addition to conventional rehabilitation. The primary outcome will be the balance measured using the Berg Balance Scale. Secondary outcomes will include weight-bearing asymmetry and parameters of body sway during static posturographic assessments, as well as lateropulsion (measured using the Scale for Contraversive Pushing), subjective straight-ahead, longitudinal body axis and autonomy (measured using the Barthel Index).
Ethics and dissemination
The study has been approved by the ethical review board in France. Findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals relative to rehabilitation or stroke.
Trial registration number
NCT03154138.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKennedy, M., Kumar, R., Ryan, N. M., Bennett, J., La Hera Fuentes, G., Gould, G. S.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
Describe the development and pretest of a prototype multibehavioural change app MAMA-EMPOWER.
Design
Mixed-methods study reporting three phases: (1) contextual enquiry included stakeholder engagement and qualitative interviews with Aboriginal women, (2) value specification included user-workshop with an Aboriginal researcher, community members and experts, (3) codesign with Aboriginal researchers and community members, followed by a pretest of the app with Aboriginal women, and feedback from qualitative interviews and the user-Mobile Application Rating Scale (U-MARS) survey tool.
Settings
Aboriginal women and communities in urban and regional New South Wales, Australia.
Participants
Phase 1: interviews, 8 Aboriginal women. Phase 2: workshop, 6 Aboriginal women. Phase 3: app trial, 16 Aboriginal women. U-MARS, 5 Aboriginal women.
Results
Phase 1 interviews revealed three themes: current app use, desired app characteristics and implementation. Phase 2 workshop provided guidance for the user experience. Phase 3 app trial assessed all content areas. The highest ratings were for information (mean score of 3.80 out of 5, SD=0.77) and aesthetics (mean score of 3.87 with SD of 0.74), while functionality, engagement and subjective quality had lower scores. Qualitative interviews revealed the acceptability of the app, however, functionality was problematic.
Conclusions
Developing a mobile phone app, particularly in an Aboriginal community setting, requires extensive consultation, negotiation and design work. Using a strong theoretical foundation of behavioural change technique’s coupled with the consultative approach has added rigour to this process. Using phone apps to implement behavioural interventions in Aboriginal community settings remains a new area for investigation. In the next iteration of the app, we aim to find better ways to personalise the content to women’s needs, then ensure full functionality before conducting a larger trial. We predict the process of development will be of interest to other health researchers and practitioners.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBock, L. A., Noben, C. Y. G., Yaron, G., George, E. L. J., Masclee, A. A. M., Essers, B. A. B., Van Mook, W. N. K. A.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
To explore how residents experienced the application of the Positive Health dialogue tool (PH-tool) during outpatient consultations and its influence on the delivery of value-based healthcare (VBHC).
Design
Qualitative study using non-participant observations of outpatient consultations during which residents used the PH-tool, followed by longitudinal individual, semistructured interviews. To analyse the data from observations and interviews, observational form notes’ summarisation and categorisation, and an iterative-inductive thematic approach was used.
Participants
Eight residents—five from the ear, nose, and throat-department and three from the gastroenterology-hepatology-department—were selected through convenience sampling, accounting for 79 observations and 79 interviews.
Results
Residents had bivalent experiences with using the PH-tool. Residents discussed three main benefits: a gained insight into the individual patient’s context and functioning, a changed dynamics in resident–patient communication, and an increased awareness regarding value in terms of patient-related outcomes and healthcare costs. Three barriers became apparent: doubts regarding the PH-tool’s relevance and scope, boundaries of superspecialised medical professionals, and a lack of demarcation in clinical practice.
Conclusion
The PH-tool use can be beneficial for residents during outpatient consultations with new patients and follow-up in cases of multidimensional problems, particularly in cases of chronic conditions and generalist care. In these situations, the tool yielded valuable patient information beyond physical health, helped foster patient engagement, and enabled tailoring the treatment plan to individual patients’ needs. On the other hand, the PH-tool was not a good fit for simple problems, clearly demarcated help requests, periodic follow-up consultations, or verbose patients. In addition, it was not suitable for superspecialised care, because it yielded an abundance of general information. For particular patients and problems, using the PH-tool seems a promising strategy to increase VBHC delivery. Nevertheless, further research and detailing is needed to better align the PH-tool’s broad intent and clinical practice.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuang, H., Gu, Y., Li, Y., Ji, L.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
This protocol designed a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness, safety and prognostic outcomes of modified tissue selecting technique (M-TST) combined with complete anal canal epithelial preservation (CACP) among patients with circumferential mixed haemorrhoids.
Methods and analysis
This study will be single-blinded, and recruit 348 patients who are admitted to the Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and fulfil the inclusion criteria from January 2022 to December 2022. Patients will be randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The statistician will be blinded for the allocation. The treatment group will receive M-TST combined with CACP (M-TST–CACP), while the control group will receive the procedure for prolapse and haemorrhoids. The two groups will receive the same preoperative and postoperative care. The primary outcome will be recurrence rate. The secondary outcomes will be operation time, intraoperative bleeding, incontinence, pain, postoperative complications (severe bleeding, perianal oedema, urinary retention, faecal urgency, skin tags and anal stenosis), prolapse, recovery time, quality of life, Haemorrhoid Severity Score, and Symptom Severity Score.
Ethics and dissemination
This protocol has been approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of the Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (approval no. 202102001).
Trial registration number
ChiCTR2100042750.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSchäfer, I., Menzel, A., Oltrogge, J. H., Slagman, A., Möckel, M., Lühmann, D., Scherer, M.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Aim of this study was to analyse if subjectively perceived treatment urgency of patients in emergency departments is associated with self-reported health literacy and the willingness to use the general practitioner (GP) as coordinator of treatment.
Design
A multicentre, cross-sectional, observational study.
Setting
Emergency departments in five hospitals. Each hospital was visited 14 times representing two 8-hour shifts on each day of the week. Calendar dates were randomly assigned.
Participants
All patients of legal age registered at the emergency department or hospital reception desk. Exclusion criteria included immediate or very urgent need of treatment, high level of symptom burden and severe functional impairments in terms of hearing, vision and speech. We conducted standardised personal interviews. Additionally, clinical data were extracted from patient records.
Primary and secondary outcome measures
Our target variable was subjectively perceived treatment urgency. Predictor variables included age, sex, education, health-related quality of life (EuroQol Five-Dimension Scale, value set UK), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), somatic symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, 15 items version), self-reported health literacy (European Health Literacy Questionnaire, 16 questions version) and the commitment to the GP (Fragebogen zur Intensität der Hausarztbindung, ‘F-HaBi’). Data were analysed by multilevel, multivariable linear regression adjusted for random effects at the hospital level.
Results
Our sample comprised 276 patients with a mean age of 50.1 years and 51.8% women. A low treatment urgency (defined as 0–5 points on a Numerical Rating Scale) was reported by 111 patients (40.2%). In the final model, lower subjective treatment urgency was associated with male sex (β=0.84; 95% CI 0.11/1.57, p=0.024), higher health-related quality of life (–2.27 to –3.39/–1.15, p<0.001), lower somatic symptoms score (0.09, 0.004/0.17, p=0.040), higher anxiety score (–0.13 to –0.24/–0.01, p=0.027) and lower commitment to the GP (0.08, 0.01/0.14, p=0.029).
Conclusions
A lower level of subjectively perceived treatment urgency was predicted by a lower willingness to use the GP as coordinator of treatment. Self-reported health literacy did not predict the patients’ urgency rating.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFontanet, C. P., Choudhry, N. K., Wood, W., Robertson, T., Haff, N., Oran, R., Sears, E. S., Kim, E., Hanken, K., Barlev, R. A., Lauffenburger, J. C., Feldman, C. H.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Medication adherence for patients with chronic conditions such as gout, a debilitating form of arthritis that requires daily medication to prevent flares, is a costly problem. Existing interventions to improve medication adherence have only been moderately effective. Habit formation theory is a promising strategy to improve adherence. The cue-reward-repetition principle posits that habits are formed by repeatedly completing an activity after the same cue and having the action rewarded every time. Over time, cues become increasingly important whereas rewards become less salient because the action becomes automatic. Leveraging the cue-reward-repetition principle could improve adherence to daily gout medications.
Methods and analysis
This three-arm parallel randomised controlled trial tests an adaptive intervention that leverages the repetition cue-reward principle. The trial will began recruitment in August 2021 in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Eligible patients are adults with gout who have been prescribed a daily oral medication for gout and whose most recent uric acid is above 6 mg/dL. Participants will be randomised to one of three arms and given electronic pill bottles. In the two intervention arms, participants will select a daily activity to link to their medication-taking (cue) and a charity to which money will be donated every time they take their medication (reward). Participants in Arm 1 will receive reminder texts about their cue and their charity reward amount will be US$0.50 per day of medication taken. Arm 2 will be adaptive; participants will receive a US$0.25 per adherent-day and no reminder texts. If their adherence is <75% 6 weeks postrandomisation, their reward will increase to US$0.50 per adherent-day and they will receive reminder texts. The primary outcome is adherence to gout medications over 18 weeks.
Ethics and dissemination
This trial has ethical approval in the USA. Results will be published in a publicly accessible peer-reviewed journal.
Trial registration number
NCT04776161
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKobayashi, H., Kosaka, T., Mikami, S., Kimura, T., Hongo, H., Kosugi, M., Sato, Y., Oya, M.
BMJ Open, 24.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is an endogenous angiogenesis regulator expressed in activated vascular endothelial cells. We previously reported that high VASH1 expression is a predictor of progression in acinar adenocarcinoma of the prostate. In this study, we evaluated the characteristics of ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate by comparing the level of VASH1 expression between ductal and acinar adenocarcinoma specimens.
Design and setting
A retrospective cohort study at two centres in Japan.
Participants
Among the 1495 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy or transurethral resection for the past 15 years, a total of 14 patients diagnosed with ductal adenocarcinoma and 20 patients diagnosed with acinar adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 4+4 were included.
Interventions
We immunohistochemically examined the CD34 expression as the microvessel density (MVD) and activated endothelial cells as the VASH1 density (vessels per mm2).
Primary and secondary outcome measures
The primary outcome was the association of MVD and VASH1 density between ductal and acinar adenocarcinoma, and the secondary outcome was their oncological outcomes.
Results
Nine patients (64.3%) with ductal adenocarcinoma were diagnosed at an advanced clinical stage, and five patients (35.7%) died from cancer during a median follow-up of 56.0 months. The VASH1 densities (mean±SD) in ductal and acinar adenocarcinoma were 45.1±18.5 vs 16.1±21.0 (p<0.001), respectively, while the MVD (mean±SD) in ductal and acinar adenocarcinoma were 65.3±21.9 vs 80.8±60.7 (p=0.666), respectively. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates for high and low VASH1 expression were 70.0% and 100.0% (p=0.006), respectively. High VASH1 expression and a diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma were significant predictors of cancer-specific survival.
Conclusions
Ductal adenocarcinoma was more aggressive and had higher VASH1 expression than acinar adenocarcinoma, although MVD was equivalent. These results indicate that VASH1 expression may serve as a novel biomarker for the aggressive nature of ductal adenocarcinoma.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVajda, P., Richter, K., Bodrogi, Z., Vida, R. G., Botz, L., Kovacs, S., Zemplenyi, A., Bella, R., Fittler, A.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives, setting and participants
In July 2011, the EU adopted the Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) primarily aiming to prevent the infiltration of falsified medicines into the legitimate supply chain. Our aim was to measure the cost elements of FMD implementation and operation using an internationally adaptable tool among Hungarian hospital pharmacies.
Design
A 41-item questionnaire was developed to evaluate the implementation process and associated cost consequences leading up to February 2019, and the stabilisation period.
Results
Our representative data are supported by the high response rate, as 44.8% of the Hungarian hospital pharmacies have completed the survey. Human resource requirements related to decommissioning activities were measured as working hours and were expressed in full time equivalent (FTE). We have found an increased workload with extra 0.25 pharmacist and 0.75 technician FTE/institution at the end of the stabilisation period. The entire infrastructural and IT implementation costs were determined as 2173, on average (SD: 3366) and the median was 1506 (range: 0–20 723). The total IT investment cost per institution was valued at 1410 (SD: 335). We identified a positive correlation (R=0.663) in consideration of the costs, the number of beds and the number of hospital locations with a multivariate linear regression model. At the time of our survey, 76.7% of the respondents experienced drug shortages, 58.1% reported suspected increase in drug costs regarding serialised medications, and 53.5% noticed an increase in packaging size.
Conclusions
Notably, our research is the first complex study depicting FMD cost implications in the hospital pharmacy sector in Central Europe, indicating decommissioning significantly impacted workflow referencing human resources and IT.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTischlik, V., Mehl, C., Ewald, D., Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, M., Geraedts, M., Bachmann, C. J.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
The quality of healthcare in childhood and adolescence is of key importance, in order to foster a healthy development and to avoid chronic health problems. Yet, data for Germany regarding the quality of healthcare for this patient group are lacking. The QualiPäd research project aims to estimate the quality of outpatient healthcare for children and adolescents in Germany, focusing on common psychiatric and physical disorders.
Methods and analysis
Quality indicators for seven common physical and mental childhood and adolescent clinical conditions (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, asthma, atopic dermatitis, depression, otitis media, conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder, tonsillitis) will be developed and ratified by experts, using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
Initially, 1400 medical records of children and adolescents with one of the aforementioned clinical conditions will then be randomly drawn from 40 outpatient practices in the German federal state of Hessen. The records will then be assessed regarding their adherence to the respective quality indicators. Based on this, the percentage of appropriate and inappropriate (eg, wasteful) healthcare of all clinical conditions (primary endpoint) will be estimated. Additionally, possible factors influencing the quality of care (eg, patient characteristics, type of condition, type of practice) will be identified using generalised estimation equation models.
Ethics and dissemination
This study will show for which of the studied clinical conditions and/or patients improvement of quality of care is necessary within the German health system. Also, the quality indicators designed for the study can afterwards be implemented in regular care and thus enable regular reporting of the outpatient care of this target group. The authors plan to disseminate their findings through international, peer-reviewed scientific publications, and through presentations at national and international paediatric and child psychiatric conferences.
Trial registration number
DRKS00022408.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSmith, C., Sokhey, L., Tijamo, C. F. E., McLaren, M., Free, C., Watkins, J., Amra, O., Masuda, C., Oreglia, E.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
The aim of this study was to describe the development of an intervention to support the reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia.
Design
A qualitative study informed by intervention mapping which included semistructured interviews and participant observation, followed by intervention development activities including specifying possible behaviour change, designing the intervention, and producing and refining intervention content.
Setting
The research was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with backgrounds in public health, linguistics, digital cultures and service delivery in a suburb of Phnom Penh where many garment factories cluster.
Participants
Garment factory workers in Cambodia; typically young women aged under 30 years who have migrated from rural areas to Phnom Penh city.
Outcomes
Analysis of reproductive health issues facing garment factory workers and metrics of videos developed.
Results
Our research identified some challenges that Cambodian garment factory workers experience regarding contraception and abortion. Concerns or experience of side-effects were identified as an important determinant leading to non-use of effective contraception and subsequent unintended pregnancy. Financial constraints and a desire to space pregnancies were the main reported reasons to seek an abortion. Information about medical abortion given to women by private providers was often verbal, with packaging and the drug information leaflet withheld. In order to address limitations in the provision of accessible reproductive health information for factory workers, and given their observed widespread use of social media, we decided to make three ‘edutainment’ videos about family planning. Key social media metrics of the videos were evaluated after 1 month.
Conclusions
We describe the development of an intervention to support reproductive health among garment factory workers in Cambodia. These videos could be further improved and additional videos could be developed. More work is required to develop appropriate and effective interventions to support reproductive health of garment factory workers in Cambodia.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGreenhalgh, I., Tingley, J., Taylor, G., Medina-Lara, A., Rhodes, S., Stallard, P.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
A mobile app, BlueIce, was codesigned with young people with a history of self-harm to provide them with more accessible and available evidence-based support at times of distress. A preliminary evaluation found that BlueIce was acceptable, safe and used by young people and helped to reduce self-harm. The present study is designed to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of adding BlueIce to usual Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS).
Methods and analysis
This study is a single-blind, randomised controlled trial comparing usual CAMHS care with usual care plus BlueIce. A total of 138 adolescents aged 12–17 with current or a history of self-harm will be recruited through the Oxford Health National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust via their CAMHS clinician. The primary outcome is self-harm at 12 weeks assessed using the Risk Taking and Self-Harm Inventory for Adolescents. Secondary outcomes include mood, anxiety, hopelessness, general behaviour, sleep and impact on everyday life at 12 weeks and 6 months. Health-related quality of life and healthcare resource utilisation data will be collected at baseline, 12 weeks and 6 months. Postuse interviews at 12 weeks will determine the acceptability, safety and usability of BlueIce.
Ethics and dissemination
The study was approved by the NHS South Central—Oxford B NHS Research Ethics Committee (19/SC/0212) and by the Health Research Authority (HRA) and Health and Care Research Wales. Findings will be disseminated in peer review open-access journals and at academic conferences.
Trial registration number
ISRCTN10541045.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKe, L., Lanlan, Z., Jian, Z., Jianing, W.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
As people age, they are more likely to experience a decline in their response inhibition ability, which interferes with daily life. Previous studies have shown that exercise intervention can improve the cognitive ability of the elderly, but research on open-skill and closed-skill exercises to improve the response inhibition in this age group is still limited. This study will explore the advantages of long-term intervention of table tennis (open-skill exercise) compared with fit aerobics (closed-skill exercise) on the response inhibitory ability of the elderly.
Methods and analysis
A single-blind randomised controlled trial will be conducted. A total of 90 elderly subjects will be recruited and allocated randomly to the following groups: table tennis, fit aerobics and control. The interventions for the table tennis group and the fit aerobics group will be implemented in three 60 min sessions per week for 6 months; the control group will receive no exercise intervention. The primary assessment will be behavioural indicators of response inhibitory ability in the elderly based on the stop signal task. The secondary outcomes will include cognitive ability, mental status and depression in the elderly. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months.
Ethics and dissemination
This study was approved by the Shanghai University of Sport Research Ethics Committee (102772019RT012) and will provide reference for the advantages of table tennis compared with other types of sports in improving the response inhibitory ability of the elderly. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for choosing the best exercise programme to improve the response inhibitory ability of the elderly.
Trial registration number
This study has been registered prospectively in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100043616, 23 February 2021).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKabashi, S., Gamboa, D., Vindenes, V., Berg, T., Hilberg, T. A., Jorgenrud, B., Lerdal, A., Bogstrand, S. T.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Background
In order to target the complex health needs of patients with multimorbidity using psychoactive substances, knowledge regarding the association between substance use and multimorbidity in an acute setting is needed.
Aims
Examine psychoactive substance use patterns among acute medically ill patients, and determine the association between multimorbidity and substance use, and psychological distress.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
2874 acute medically ill patients admitted to a medical emergency department in Oslo, Norway.
Measurements
Primary outcome: multimorbidity recorded by the presence of ≥2 International Classification of Diseases 10th revision—physical and/or mental health conditions per patient, extracted from medical records. Predictor variables: self-reported data on age, sex, occupational status, psychological distress (Hopkins Symptom Check List-5), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-4) and results from blood samples on psychoactive medicinal and illicit drugs.
Findings
Of all patients, 57.2% had multimorbidity. Of these, 62.6% reported psychological distress, 85.5% consumed either alcohol, medicinal and/or illicit drugs and 64.4% combined alcohol with psychoactive medicinal drugs. Patients with risky alcohol use were more likely to have multimorbidity compared with patients with low-risk alcohol use (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.05 to 2.24). Patients using psychoactive medicinal drugs were more likely to have multimorbidity compared with non-users (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.67).
Conclusion
Multimorbidity was associated with psychoactive medicinal drug and risky alcohol use, and psychological distress. Substance use was widespread, with alcohol and psychoactive medicinal drugs most frequently combined. Monitoring substance use among multimorbid patients is necessary to develop tailored treatments, and reduce burden on the healthcare system.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKeizer, A. L., van Kesteren, P. J. M., Terwee, C., de Lange, M. E., Hehenkamp, W. J. K., Kok, H. S.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
Uterine fibroids can cause a variety of symptoms in women, from heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea to bulk symptoms. The Uterine Fibroid Symptom and health-related Quality Of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL) is a patient-reported outcome measure developed for assessing fibroid-related symptoms in a standardised way. Our aim was to translate and validate the UFS-QOL in Dutch.
Design
Validation study.
Setting
Patients were recruited by a gynaecologist at the outpatient clinic.
Participants
Women with uterine fibroids.
Methods
The UFS-QOL was translated into Dutch (UFS-QOL NL) and validated through testing construct validity (comprising of structural validity and hypotheses testing), reliability, responsiveness and interpretability, assessing floor and ceiling effects and minimal important change. An option to answer ‘not applicable’ was added to the translated questionnaire.
Results
191 women with uterine fibroids completed the UFS-QOL NL at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 3 months. The questionnaire retained the same factor structure after translation (Comparative Fit Index 0.94–0.95; Tucker-Lewis fit Index 0.93–0.95; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.10–0.11) and correlations to other questionnaires (RAND 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction) were generally moderate, as hypothesised (Pearson’s r 0.3–0.7). We found a sufficient reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients of approximately 0.8–0.9 for all subscales. Responsiveness was sufficient when testing hypotheses comparing women who had surgery with those who did not. Cronbach’s alpha was higher than 0.7 for all subscales, indicating sufficient internal consistency and there were no concerns about floor or ceiling effects. Minimal important change could not be calculated due to low correlation between the different subscales and the anchor question.
Conclusions
The results support the measurement properties of the Dutch UFS-QOL for assessing fibroid-related symptoms and health-related quality of life in Dutch women with uterine fibroids.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSnowdon, D. A., Vincent, P., Callisaya, M. L., Collyer, T. A., Wang, Y. T., Taylor, N. F.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Guidelines for hip fracture care state that patients with hip fracture should be mobilised on the day after surgery and at least once a day thereafter. However, compliance with these guidelines is poor. One approach that would assist physiotherapists to meet mobility guidelines after hip fracture is to delegate the provision of daily mobilisation to allied health assistants under their supervision. Therefore, we plan to conduct a randomised controlled trial to determine the feasibility of an allied health assistant providing daily inpatient rehabilitation to patients with hip fracture.
Methods and analysis
Using a parallel group randomised controlled design with one-to-one allocation, participants will be randomly allocated to an experimental group (allied health assistant management) or a comparison group (physiotherapist management). Inclusion criteria are: adult with diagnosis of hip fracture; inpatient in acute hospital; walked independently pre-hip fracture and able to communicate in conversational English. The experimental group will receive routine physiotherapy rehabilitation, including daily mobilisation, from an allied health assistant following initial physiotherapist assessment. The comparison group will receive routine rehabilitation from a physiotherapist. The primary outcome will be the feasibility of allied health assistant management of patients with hip fracture. Feasibility will be determined using the following areas of focus in Bowen’s feasibility framework: acceptability (patient satisfaction), demand (proportion of patients who participate), implementation (time allied health assistant/physiotherapist spends with participant, occasions of service) and practicality (cost, adverse events). Staff involved in the implementation of allied health assistant care will be interviewed to explore their perspectives on feasibility. Secondary outcomes include compliance with daily mobilisation guidelines, discharge destination, hospital readmission, falls, functional activity and length of stay. We aim to recruit 50 participants. Descriptive statistics will be used to describe feasibility and mobilisation rates will be calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression to compare compliance with mobilisation guidelines.
Ethics and dissemination
Ethics approval was obtained from the Peninsula Health human research ethics committee (HREC/63 005/PH-2020). The findings will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.
Trail registration number
Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry; ACTRN12620000877987; Pre-results.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMeulman, I., Uiters, E., Polder, J., Stadhouders, N.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Even in advanced economies with universal healthcare coverage (UHC), a social gradient in healthcare utilisation has been reported. Many individual, community and healthcare system factors have been considered that may be associated with the variation in healthcare utilisation between socioeconomic groups. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about the complex interaction and relative contribution of these factors to socioeconomic differences in healthcare utilisation. In order to improve understanding of why utilisation patterns differ by socioeconomic status (SES), the proposed systematic review will explore the main mechanisms that have been examined in quantitative research.
Methods and analysis
The systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines and will be conducted in Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Econlit and PsycInfo. Articles examining factors associated with the differences in primary and specialised healthcare utilisation between socioeconomic groups in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries with UHC will be included. Further restrictions concern specifications of outcome measures, factors of interest, study design, population, language and type of publication. Data will be numerically summarised, narratively synthesised and thematically discussed. The factors will be categorised according to existing frameworks for barriers to healthcare access.
Ethics and dissemination
No primary data will be collected. No ethics approval is required. We intend to publish a scientific article in an international peer-reviewed journal.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMcCann, P., Abraham, A. G., Gregory, D. G., Hauswirth, S., Ifantides, C., Liu, S.-H., Saldanha, I. J., Li, T.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Dry eye is a multifactorial chronic condition characterised by tear film insufficiency and instability, and ocular symptoms including foreign body sensation, itching, irritation, soreness and visual disturbance. The prevalence and incidence of dry eye are major determinants of the magnitude of economic and societal costs of the disease. This protocol proposes a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA.
Methods and analysis
Working with an information specialist, we will develop search strategies for Ovid Medline and Embase for population-based cross-sectional and cohort studies involving US-based populations that report the prevalence and/or incidence of dry eye. We will include studies involving persons of all ages from 1 January 2010 to the current date with no language restrictions. We will also hand-search references of included studies, dry eye epidemiology-related systematic reviews, clinical practice guidelines and literature provided by agencies and organisations. Two investigators will independently screen the titles and abstracts, and then full-text reports to determine eligibility. One investigator will extract study data and perform risk of bias assessments using tools designed specifically for prevalence and incidence studies. A second investigator will verify all extracted study data and risk of bias assessments. We will assess heterogeneity, qualitatively and quantitatively. When appropriate, we will meta-analyse prevalence and incidence estimates.
Ethics and dissemination
This review does not require approval by an ethics committee because it will use published studies. We will publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal and present at relevant conferences.
PROSPERO registration number
CRD42021256934.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDoe, G., Clanchy, J., Wathall, S., Chantrell, S., Edwards, S., Baxter, N., Jackson, D., Armstrong, N., Steiner, M., Evans, R. A.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
Chronic breathlessness is a common and debilitating symptom, associated with high healthcare use and reduced quality of life. Challenges and delays in diagnosis for people with chronic breathlessness frequently occur, leading to delayed access to therapies. The overarching hypothesis is a symptom-based approach to diagnosis in primary care would lead to earlier diagnosis, and therefore earlier treatment and improved longer-term outcomes including health-related quality of life. This study aims to establish the feasibility of a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a structured diagnostic pathway for breathlessness in primary care.
Methods and analysis
Ten general practitioner (GP) practices across Leicester and Leicestershire will be cluster randomised to either a structured diagnostic pathway (intervention) or usual care. The structured diagnostic pathway includes a panel of investigations within 1 month. Usual care will proceed with patient care as per normal practice. Eligibility criteria include patients presenting with chronic breathlessness for the first time, who are over 40 years old and without a pre-existing diagnosis for their symptoms. An electronic template triggered at the point of consultation with the GP will aid opportunistic recruitment in primary care. The primary outcome for this feasibility study is recruitment rate. Secondary outcome measures, including time to diagnosis, will be collected to help inform outcomes for the future trial and to assess the impact of an earlier diagnosis. These will include symptoms, health-related quality of life, exercise capacity, measures of frailty, physical activity and healthcare utilisation. The study will include nested qualitative interviews with patients and healthcare staff to understand the feasibility outcomes, explore what is ‘usual care’ and the study experience.
Ethics and dissemination
The Research Ethics Committee Nottingham 1 has provided ethical approval for this research study (REC Reference: 19/EM/0201). Results from the study will be disseminated by presentations at relevant meetings and conferences including British Thoracic Society and Primary Care Respiratory Society, as well as by peer-reviewed publications and through patient presentations and newsletters to patients, where available.
Trial registration number
ISRCTN14483247.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLee, S. Y., Pang, B. W. J., Lau, L. K., Jabbar, K. A., Seah, W. T., Chen, K. K., Ng, T. P., Wee, S.-L.
BMJ Open, 23.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Regular moderate-to-vigorous intensity recreational physical activity (PA) improves physical and cognitive functions. However, the age-associated relationships between non-recreational PA and functional ability remain less explored. We examined the associations between housework and functional health among younger and older Singaporean community-dwelling adults.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
Younger (<65 years, n=249) and older (≥65 years, n=240) community-dwelling adults were randomly recruited from a large residential town in Singapore.
Outcome measures
Physical function was assessed using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), repeated-chair-sit-to-stand and gait speed. Cognitive and sensorimotor functions were assessed using Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), respectively.
Methods
Light housework (LH) and heavy housework (HH), recreational, and occupational and transport-related PAs were assessed using PA questionnaires. Participants were dichotomised into low-volume and high-volume LH and HH groups. Results were adjusted for level of recreational and other non-recreational PAs.
Results
Among older but not younger adults, RBANS scores were 8% and 5% higher in high HH and LH groups compared with low HH and LH groups, respectively (p=0.012 and p=0.016). Specifically, HH was associated with 14% higher attention score (p=0.014), and LH was associated with 12% and 8% higher immediate and delayed memory scores, respectively (p<0.001 and p=0.004). In older adults, sit-to-stand time and PPA scores were 8% and 23% lower in the high HH group than the low HH group, respectively (p=0.011 and p=0.040). SPPB and gait speed did not differ with age or HH. LH was not associated with physical or sensorimotor function.
Conclusions
Among older adults, housework is associated with higher cognitive function, specifically in attention and memory. Associations of housework with physical function and sensorimotor performance were intensity dependent. Housework PA is positively associated with functional health among community-dwelling older adults, independent of recreation and other non-recreational PAs. Further longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to establish causality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLauffenburger, J. C., Haff, N., McDonnell, M. E., Solomon, D. H., Antman, E. M., Glynn, R. J., Choudhry, N. K.
BMJ Open, 22.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
Long-term adherence to evidence-based medications in cardiometabolic diseases remains poor, despite extensive efforts to develop and test interventions and deploy clinician performance incentives. The limited success of interventions may be due to ignored factors such as patients’ experience of medication-taking. Despite being potentially addressable by clinicians, these factors have not been sufficiently explored, which is particularly important as patients use increasing numbers of medications. The aim is to explore patient perspectives on medication-taking, medication properties that are barriers to adherence, and coping strategies for their medication regimen.
Design
Individual, in-person, semistructured qualitative interviews.
Setting
Urban healthcare system.
Participants
Twenty-six adults taking ≥2 oral medications for diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidaemia with non-adherence. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. Data were analysed using developed codes to generate themes. Representative quotations were selected to illustrate themes.
Results
Participants’ mean age was 55 years, 46% were female and 39% were non-white. Six key themes were identified: (1) medication-taking viewed as a highly inconvenient action (that patients struggle to remember to do); (2) negative implications because of inconvenience or illness perceptions; (3) actual medication regimens can deviate substantially from prescribed regimens; (4) certain medication properties (especially size and similar appearance with others) may contribute to adherence deviations; (5) development of numerous coping strategies to overcome barriers and (6) suggestions to make medication-taking easier (including reducing drug costs, simplifying regimen or dosing frequency and creating more palatable medications).
Conclusion
Patients with poor adherence often find taking prescription medications to be undesirable and take them differently than prescribed in part due to properties of the medications themselves and coping strategies they have developed to overcome medication-taking challenges. Interventions that reduce the inconvenience of medication use and tailor medications to individual needs may be a welcome development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKlarman, M., Schon, J., Cajusma, Y., Maples, S., Beau de Rochars, V. E. M., Baril, C., Nelson, E. J.
BMJ Open, 22.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objective
To identify determinants of intended versus actual care-seeking behaviours in a pluralistic healthcare system that is reliant on both conventional and non-conventional providers and discover opportunities to catalyse improved healthcare access.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
In Haiti 568 households (incorporating 2900 members) with children less than 5 years of age were randomly sampled geographically with stratifications for population density. These households identified the healthcare providers they frequented. Among 140 providers, 65 were located and enrolled.
Outcome measures
Household questionnaires with standardised cases (intentions) were compared with self-recall of health events (behaviours). The connectedness of households and their providers was determined by network analysis.
Results
Households reported 636 health events in the prior month. Households sought care for 35% (n=220) and treated with home remedies for 44% (n=277). The odds of seeking care increased 217% for severe events (adjusted OR (aOR)=3.17; 95% CI 1.99 to 5.05; p<0.001). The odds of seeking care from a conventional provider increased by 37% with increasing distance (aOR=1.37; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.79; p=0.016). Despite stating an intention to seek care from conventional providers, there was a lack of congruence in practice that favoured non-conventional providers (McNemar’s 2 test p<0.001). Care was sought from primary providers for 68% (n=150) of cases within a three-tiered network; 25% (n=38/150) were non-conventional.
Conclusion
Addressing geographic barriers, possibly with technology solutions, should be prioritised to meet healthcare seeking intentions while developing approaches to connect non-conventional providers into healthcare networks when geographic barriers cannot be overcome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarkham, R., Hunt, M., Woollard, R., Oelke, N., Snadden, D., Strasser, R., Betkus, G., Graham, S.
BMJ Open, 22.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Background
There are few examples of the practical application of the concepts of social accountability, as defined by the World Bank and WHO, to health system change. This paper describes a robust approach led by First Nations Health Authority and the Rural Coordination Centre of British Columbia. This was achieved using partnerships in British Columbia, Canada, where the health system features inequities in service and outcomes for rural and Indigenous populations. Social accountability is achieved when all stakeholders come together simultaneously as partners and agree on a path forward. This approach has enabled socially accountable healthcare, effecting change in the healthcare system by addressing the needs of the population.
Innovation
Our innovative approach uses social accountability engagement to counteract persistent health inequities. This involves an adaptation of the Boelen Health Partnership model (policymakers, health administrators, health professionals, academics and community members) extended by addition of linked sectors (eg, industry and not-for-profits) to the ‘Partnership Pentagram Plus’. We used appreciative inquiry and deliberative dialogue focused on the rural scale and integrating Indigenous ways of knowing along with western scientific traditions (‘two-eyed seeing’). Using this approach, partners are brought together to identify common interests and direction as a learning community. Equitable engagement and provision of space as ‘peers’ and ‘partners’ were key to this process. Groups with varying perspectives came together to create solutions, building on existing strengths and new collaborative approaches to address specific issues in the community and health services delivery. A resulting provincial table reflecting the Pentagram Plus model has fostered policies and practices over the last 3 years that have resulted in meaningful collaborations for health service change.
Conclusion
This paper presents the application of the ‘Partnership Pentagram Plus’ approach and uses appreciative inquiry and deliberative dialogue to bring about practical and positive change to rural and Indigenous communities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCezard, G., McHale, C. T., Sullivan, F., Bowles, J. K. F., Keenan, K.
BMJ Open, 22.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Objectives
Multimorbidity—the co-occurrence of at least two chronic diseases in an individual—is an important public health challenge in ageing societies. The vast majority of multimorbidity research takes a cross-sectional approach, but longitudinal approaches to understanding multimorbidity are an emerging research area, being encouraged by multiple funders. To support development in this research area, the aim of this study is to scope the methodological approaches and substantive findings of studies that have investigated longitudinal multimorbidity trajectories.
Design
We conducted a systematic search for relevant studies in four online databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase) in May 2020 using predefined search terms and inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search was complemented by searching reference lists of relevant papers. From the selected studies, we systematically extracted data on study methodology and findings and summarised them in a narrative synthesis.
Results
We identified 35 studies investigating multimorbidity longitudinally, all published in the last decade, and predominantly in high-income countries from the Global North. Longitudinal approaches employed included constructing change variables, multilevel regression analysis (eg, growth curve modelling), longitudinal group-based methodologies (eg, latent class modelling), analysing disease transitions and visualisation techniques. Commonly identified risk factors for multimorbidity onset and progression were older age, higher socioeconomic and area-level deprivation, overweight and poorer health behaviours.
Conclusion
The nascent research area employs a diverse range of longitudinal approaches that characterise accumulation and disease combinations and to a lesser extent disease sequencing and progression. Gaps include understanding the long-term, life course determinants of different multimorbidity trajectories, and doing so across diverse populations, including those from low-income and middle-income countries. This can provide a detailed picture of morbidity development, with important implications from a clinical and intervention perspective.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrown, L., Heaven, A., Quinn, C., Goodwin, V., Chew-Graham, C., Mahmood, F., Hallas, S., Jacob, I., Brundle, C., Best, K., Daffu-O'Reilly, A., Spilsbury, K., Young, T. A., Hawkins, R., Hanratty, B., Teale, E., Clegg, A.
BMJ Open, 22.11.2021
Tilføjet 30.11.2021
Introduction
The Community Ageing Research 75+ (CARE75+) study is a longitudinal cohort study collecting extensive health and social data, with a focus on frailty, independence and quality of life in older age. CARE75+ was the first international experimental frailty research cohort designed using trial within cohorts (TwiCs) methodology, aligning epidemiological research with clinical trial evaluation of interventions to improve the health and well-being of older people. CARE75+ REMOTE is an extension of CARE75+ using a remote model that does not require face-to-face interactions for data collection in the current circumstances of a global pandemic and will provide an efficient, sustainable data collection model.
Methods and analysis
Prospective cohort study using TwiCs. One thousand community-dwelling older people (≥75 years) will be recruited from UK general practices by telephone. Exclusions include: nursing home/care home residents; those with an estimated life expectancy of 3 months or less; and people receiving palliative care.
Data collection
Assessments will be conducted by telephone, web-submission or postal questionnaire: baseline, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months and 36 months. Measures include activities of daily living, mood, health-related quality of life, comorbidities, medications, frailty, informal care, healthcare and social care service use. Consent will be sought for data linkage and invitations to additional studies (sub-studies).
Ethics and dissemination
CARE75+ was approved by the National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee Yorkshire and the Humber—Bradford Leeds 10 October 2014 (14/YH/1120). CARE75+ REMOTE (amendment 13) was approved on the 18th November 2020. Consent is sought if an individual is willing to participate and has capacity to provide informed consent. Consultee assent is sought if an individual lacks capacity. Results will be disseminated in peer-reviewed scientific journals and conferences. Results will be summarised and disseminated to study participants via newsletters, local engagement events and on a bespoke website.
Trial registration number
ISRCTN16588124.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed