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Grigory Sidorenkov, Judith M. Vonk, Marco Grzegorczyk, Francisco O. Cortés-Ibañez, Geertruida H. de Bock
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Grigory Sidorenkov, Judith M. Vonk, Marco Grzegorczyk, Francisco O. Cortés-Ibañez, Geertruida H. de Bock
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiankun Cui, Qinwen Wang, Minghao Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Jiankun Cui, Qinwen Wang, Minghao Li Xinnaotongluo liquid has been used to improve the clinical symptoms of patients with myocardial infarction. However, the molecular mechanism of Xinnaotongluo liquid is not completely understood. H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was used to simulate damage to cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction in vitro. The biological indicators of H9c2 cells were measured by cell counting kit-8, enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay, and western blot assay. In H/R-induced H9c2 cells, a markedly reduced murine double minute 2 (MDM2) was observed. However, the addition of Xinnaotongluo liquid increased MDM2 expression in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. And MDM2 overexpression strengthened the beneficial effects of Xinnaotongluo liquid on H9c2 cells from the perspective of alleviating oxidative damage, cellular inflammation, apoptosis and ferroptosis of H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Moreover, MDM2 overexpression reduced the protein expression of p53 and Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of Prostate 3 (STEAP3). Whereas, STEAP3 overexpression hindered the function of MDM2-overexpression in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Our results insinuated that Xinnaotongluo liquid could protect H9c2 cells from H/R-induced damage by regulating MDM2/STEAP3, which provide a potential theoretical basis for further explaining the working mechanism of Xinnaotongluo liquid.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMilhan Chaze, Laurent Mériade, Corinne Rochette, Mélina Bailly, Rea Bingula, Christelle Blavignac, Martine Duclos, Bertrand Evrard, Anne Cécile Fournier, Lena Pelissier, David Thivel, on behalf of CAUVIM-19 Group
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Milhan Chaze, Laurent Mériade, Corinne Rochette, Mélina Bailly, Rea Bingula, Christelle Blavignac, Martine Duclos, Bertrand Evrard, Anne Cécile Fournier, Lena Pelissier, David Thivel, on behalf of CAUVIM-19 Group Background Work on long COVID-19 has mainly focused on clinical care in hospitals. Thermal spa therapies represent a therapeutic offer outside of health care institutions that are nationally or even internationally attractive. Unlike local care (hospital care, general medicine, para-medical care), their integration in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients seems little studied. The aim of this article is to determine what place french thermal spa therapies can take in the care pathway of long COVID-19 patients. Methods Based on the case of France, we carry out a geographic mapping analysis of the potential care pathways for long COVID-19 patients by cross-referencing, over the period 2020–2022, the available official data on COVID-19 contamination, hospitalisations in intensive care units and the national offer of spa treatments. This first analysis allows us, by using the method for evaluating the attractiveness of an area defined by David Huff, to evaluate the accessibility of each French department to thermal spas. Results Using dynamic geographical mapping, this study describes two essential criteria for the integration of the thermal spa therapies offer in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients (attractiveness of spa areas and accessibility to thermal spas) and three fundamental elements for the success of these pathways (continuity of the care pathways; clinical collaborations; adaptation of the financing modalities to each patient). Using a spatial attractiveness method, we make this type of geographical analysis more dynamic by showing the extent to which a thermal spa is accessible to long COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Based on the example of the French spa offer, this study makes it possible to place the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients in a wider area (at least national), rather than limiting them to clinical and local management in a hospital setting. The identification and operationalization of two geographical criteria for integrating a type of treatment such as a spa cure into a care pathway contributes to a finer conceptualization of the construction of healthcare pathways.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuiza Mesesan-Schmitz, Claudiu Coman, Carmen Stanciu, Venera Bucur, Laurentiu Gabriel Tiru, Maria Cristina Bularca
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Luiza Mesesan-Schmitz, Claudiu Coman, Carmen Stanciu, Venera Bucur, Laurentiu Gabriel Tiru, Maria Cristina Bularca This study was designed to explore mothers’ perceptions about changes in parenting behavior in the middle of the pandemic COVID 19 period. Based on the convergent mixed-method design and Parental Stress model, we illustrated these changes by taking into account the impact of the pandemic perceived by mothers and the resources they had available. Research on parenting changes was important in the Romanian context because, in that challenging period, there were no regulations to safeguard parents, especially single parents as mothers. Mothers experienced increased levels of stress, some of them having to leave their jobs to stay at home with their children. Other mothers needed to work from home and in the meantime to take care of their children. In this context we wanted to illustrate the possible changes that occurred in their parenting behavior during the pandemic period. Results from the quantitative survey showed that there is a moderate correlation between the negative impact felt by mothers and the negative changes in their parenting behavior, and this correlation was diminished by a series of resources such as: social support, parenting alliance, or high income. Qualitative data provided better understanding of mothers’ parenting behavior by showing that mothers shared both positive and negative experiences during the pandemic, regardless of the general trend mentioned. As shown by the quantitative data, the qualitative data also showed that mothers who felt more strongly the impact of the pandemic reported more negative changes in their parenting behavior. The positive changes most frequently stated involved expressing affection and communicating more often on various topics, carrying out leisure activities or activities meant to help with the personal development of the child, and involving children in domestic activities. Mothers mostly described negative aspects such as too much involvement in school life, increased control and surveillance of children, especially when it comes to school related activities and to the time children were allowed to spend on their digital devices. These changes led to conflicts and sometimes, mothers resorted to discipline practices. In addition to the resources identified in quantitative research, mothers with higher education and medium–high income also turned to specialized resources (psychologists, online courses, support groups) in order to manage conflicts, them being able to see the challenges of the pandemic as an opportunity to develop and improve the relationship with their children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaige K. Marty, Balaji Pathakumari, Thomas M. Cox, Virginia P. Van Keulen, Courtney L. Erskine, Maleeha Shah, Mounika Vadiyala, Pedro Arias-Sanchez, Snigdha Karnakoti, Kelly M. Pennington, Elitza S. Theel, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Tobias Peikert, Patricio Escalante
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Paige K. Marty, Balaji Pathakumari, Thomas M. Cox, Virginia P. Van Keulen, Courtney L. Erskine, Maleeha Shah, Mounika Vadiyala, Pedro Arias-Sanchez, Snigdha Karnakoti, Kelly M. Pennington, Elitza S. Theel, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Tobias Peikert, Patricio Escalante Clinical prediction of nontuberculous mycobacteria lung disease (NTM-LD) progression remains challenging. We aimed to evaluate antigen-specific immunoprofiling utilizing flow cytometry (FC) of activation-induced markers (AIM) and IFN-γ enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot assay (ELISpot) accurately identifies patients with NTM-LD, and differentiate those with progressive from nonprogressive NTM-LD. A Prospective, single-center, and laboratory technician-blinded pilot study was conducted to evaluate the FC and ELISpot based immunoprofiling in patients with NTM-LD (n = 18) and controls (n = 22). Among 18 NTM-LD patients, 10 NTM-LD patients were classified into nonprogressive, and 8 as progressive NTM-LD based on clinical and radiological features. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from patients with NTM-LD and control subjects with negative QuantiFERON results. After stimulation with purified protein derivative (PPD), mycobacteria-specific peptide pools (MTB300, RD1-peptides), and control antigens, we performed IFN-γ ELISpot and FC AIM assays to access their diagnostic accuracies by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis across study groups. Patients with NTM-LD had significantly higher percentage of CD4+/CD8+ T-cells co-expressing CD25+CD134+ in response to PPD stimulation, differentiating between NTM-LD and controls. Among patients with NTM-LD, there was a significant difference in CD25+CD134+ co-expression in MTB300-stimulated CD8+ T-cells (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesco Di Gennaro, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Giacomo Guido, Mariacristina Poliseno, Laura De Santis, Alessandra Belati, Carmen Rita Santoro, Irene Francesca Bottalico, Carmen Pellegrino, Roberta Novara, Luisa Frallonardo, Mariangela Cormio, Michele Camporeale, Sergio Cotugno, Vincenzo Giliberti, Stefano Di Gregorio, Valentina Totaro, Nicola Catucci, Anna De Giosa, Roberta Giusto, Ilaria Viviana Lanera, Gioacchino Angarano, Sergio Lo Caputo, Annalisa Saracino
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Francesco Di Gennaro, Francesco Vladimiro Segala, Giacomo Guido, Mariacristina Poliseno, Laura De Santis, Alessandra Belati, Carmen Rita Santoro, Irene Francesca Bottalico, Carmen Pellegrino, Roberta Novara, Luisa Frallonardo, Mariangela Cormio, Michele Camporeale, Sergio Cotugno, Vincenzo Giliberti, Stefano Di Gregorio, Valentina Totaro, Nicola Catucci, Anna De Giosa, Roberta Giusto, Ilaria Viviana Lanera, Gioacchino Angarano, Sergio Lo Caputo, Annalisa Saracino High School students, recognized as a high-risk group for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), were the focal point of an educational campaign in Southern Italy to share information and good practices about STIs and HIV/AIDS. A baseline survey comprising 76 items was conducted via the REDCap platform to assess students’ initial knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to STIs and HIV/AIDS. Sociodemographic variables were also investigated. The association between variables and KAP score was assessed by Kruskal-Wallis’ or Spearman’s test, as appropriate. An ordinal regression model was built to estimate the effect size, reported as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), for achieving higher KAP scores among students features. On a scale of 0 to 29, 1702 participants achieved a median KAP score of 14 points. Higher scores were predominantly reported by students from classical High Schools (OR 3.19, 95% C.I. 1.60–6.33, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAchim Langenbucher, Jascha Wendelstein, Alan Cayless, Peter Hoffmann, Nóra Szentmáry
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Achim Langenbucher, Jascha Wendelstein, Alan Cayless, Peter Hoffmann, Nóra Szentmáry Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the corneal back surface by comparing the keratometric astigmatism (K, derived from the corneal front surface) of a modern optical biometer against astigmatism of Total Keratometry (TK, derived from both corneal surfaces) in a large population with cataractous eyes. The results were then used to define linear prediction models to map K to TK. Methods From a large dataset containing bilateral biometric measurements (IOLMaster 700) in 9736 patients prior to cataract surgery, the total corneal astigmatism was decomposed into vectors for K, corneal back surface (BS), and TK. A multivariate prediction model (MV), simplified model with separation of vector components (SM) and a constant model (CM) were defined to map K to TK vector components. Results The K centroid (X/Y) showed some astigmatism with-the-rule (0.1981/-0.0211 dioptre (dpt)) whereas the TK centroid was located around zero (-0.0071/-0.0381 dpt against-the-rule) and the BS centroid showed systematic astigmatism against-the-rule (-0.2367/-0.0145 dpt). The respective TK–K centroid was located at -0.2052/-0.0302 dpt. The MV model showed the same performance (i.e. mean absolute residuum) as the SM did (0.1098 and 0.1099 dpt respectively) while the CM performed only slightly worse (0.1121 dpt mean absolute residuum). Conclusion In cases where tomographic data are unavailable statistical models could be used to consider the overall contribution of the back surface to the total corneal astigmatism. Since the performance of the CM is sufficiently close to that of MV and SM we recommend using the CM which can be directly considered e.g. as surgically induced astigmatism.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohammad M. Hamasha, Areen Jihad Alomari, Ala H. Bani-Irshid
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
by Mohammad M. Hamasha, Areen Jihad Alomari, Ala H. Bani-Irshid This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-induced E-learning in Jordanian higher education. Through a quantitative survey, the study analyzes the independent variables of system use and user satisfaction, finding that information quality and service quality significantly affect these variables and that user satisfaction notably impacts E-learning. System usage moderates these effects. This research comprehensively analyzes the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic on Jordanian higher education, focusing on E-learning. It shows how information, system, and service quality affect system use and user satisfaction. The study also emphasizes these aspects’ importance in E-learning platform effectiveness. The study offers actionable insights and recommendations to help Jordan establish more resilient and effective educational policies and practices that can adjust to higher education shocks. The study recommends establishing a specialized department to modify student intention to use E-learning systems, not only during the pandemic crisis but also after-ward, to improve familiarity with E-learning tools. This study provides insights into the pandemic’s impact on Jordan’s higher education system and suggests future approaches to enhance E-learning platforms. It contributes to the development of effective E-learning systems that can improve higher education standards by pinpointing the key effects of the pandemic on the independent variables and offering workable solutions. The study emphasizes the importance of information and service quality in improving user satisfaction and system usage in E-learning.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Background In malaria endemic regions of the Peruvian Amazon, rainfall together with river level and breeding site availability drive fluctuating vector mosquito abundance and human malaria cases, leading to temporal heterogeneity. The main variables influencing spatial transmission include location of communities, mosquito behaviour, land use/land cover, and human ecology/behaviour. The main objective was to evaluate seasonal and microgeographic biting behaviour of the malaria vector Nyssorhynchus (or Anopheles) darlingi in Amazonian Peru and to investigate effects of seasonality on malaria transmission. Methods We captured mosquitoes from 18:00 to 06:00 h using Human Landing Catch in two riverine (Lupuna, Santa Emilia) and two highway (El Triunfo, Nuevo Horizonte) communities indoors and outdoors from 8 houses per community, during the dry and rainy seasons from February 2016 to January 2017. We then estimated parity rate, daily survival and age of a portion of each collection of Ny. darlingi. All collected specimens of Ny. darlingi were tested for the presence of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites using real-time PCR targeting the small subunit of the 18S rRNA. Results Abundance of Ny. darlingi varied across village, season, and biting behaviour (indoor vs outdoor), and was highly significant between rainy and dry seasons (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Background Sporozoites (SPZ), the infective form of Plasmodium falciparum malaria, can be inoculated into the human host skin by Anopheline mosquitoes. These SPZ migrate at approximately 1 µm/s to find a blood vessel and travel to the liver where they infect hepatocytes and multiply. In the skin they are still low in number (50–100 SPZ) and vulnerable to immune attack by antibodies and skin macrophages. This is why whole SPZ and SPZ proteins are used as the basis for most malaria vaccines currently deployed and undergoing late clinical testing. Mosquitoes typically inoculate SPZ into a human host between 14 and 25 days after their previous infective blood meal. However, it is unknown whether residing time within the mosquito affects SPZ condition, infectivity or immunogenicity. This study aimed to unravel how the age of P. falciparum SPZ in salivary glands (14, 17, or 20 days post blood meal) affects their infectivity and the ensuing immune responses. Methods SPZ numbers, viability by live/dead staining, motility using dedicated sporozoite motility orienting and organizing tool software (SMOOT), and infectivity of HC-04.j7 liver cells at 14, 17 and 20 days after mosquito feeding have been investigated. In vitro co-culture assays with SPZ stimulated monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMɸ) and CD8+ T-cells, analysed by flow cytometry, were used to investigate immune responses. Results SPZ age did not result in different SPZ numbers or viability. However, a markedly different motility pattern, whereby motility decreased from 89% at day 14 to 80% at day 17 and 71% at day 20 was observed (p ≤ 0.0001). Similarly, infectivity of day 20 SPZ dropped to ~ 50% compared with day 14 SPZ (p = 0.004). MoMɸ were better able to take up day 14 SPZ than day 20 SPZ (from 7.6% to 4.1%, p = 0.03) and displayed an increased expression of pro-inflammatory CD80, IL-6 (p = 0.005), regulatory markers PDL1 (p = 0.02), IL-10 (p = 0.009) and cytokines upon phagocytosis of younger SPZ. Interestingly, co-culture of these cells with CD8+ T-cells revealed a decreased expression of activation marker CD137 and cytokine IFNγ compared to their day 20 counterparts. These findings suggest that older (day 17–20) P. falciparum SPZ are less infectious and have decreased immune regulatory potential. Conclusion Overall, this data is a first step in enhancing the understanding of how mosquito residing time affects P. falciparum SPZ and could impact the understanding of the P. falciparum infectious reservoir and the potency of whole SPZ vaccines.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Background Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear.Methods We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis infection. Flu-like reaction was defined as a grade ≥2 of any of flu-like symptoms. Controls (3HP or 9H) did not report flu-like reactions. We developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibodies against rifapentine, isoniazid, rifampin, and rifapentine metabolite.Results Among 128 participants, 69 received 3HP (22 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls) and 59 received 9H (12 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls). In participants receiving 3HP, anti-rifapentine IgG was identified in 2/22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 6/47 (13%) controls (P = 0.7), anti-isoniazid IgG in 2/22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 4/47 (9%) controls (P = 0.9), and anti-rifapentine metabolite IgG in 2/47 (4%) controls (P = 0.9). Among participants receiving 9H, IgG and IgM anti-isoniazid antibodies were each present in 4/47 (9%) controls, respectively, but none among participants with flu-like reactions; anti-rifapentine IgG antibodies were not present in any participants with flu-like reactions or controls.Conclusions We detected anti-rifapentine, anti-isoniazid, and anti-rifapentine metabolite antibodies, but the proportions of participants with antibodies were low, and did not differ between participants with flu-like reactions and those without such reactions. This suggests that flu-like reactions associated with 3HP and 9H were not antibody-mediated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to adverse reproductive health outcomes. CT prevalence estimates are primarily derived from screening using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). However, screening guidelines in the United States only include particular subpopulations, and NAATs only detect current infections. In contrast, seroassays identify past CT infections which are important for understanding the public health impacts of CT, including pelvic inflammatory disease and tubal factor infertility. Older seroassays have been plagued by low sensitivity and specificity and have not been validated using a consistent reference measure, making it challenging to compare studies, define the epidemiology of CT and determine the effectiveness of control programs. Newer seroassays have better performance characteristics. This narrative review summarizes the “state of the science” for CT seroassays that have been applied in epidemiologic studies and provides practical considerations for interpreting the literature and employing seroassays in future research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes severe infections in infants, immunocompromised or elderly individuals resulting in annual epidemics of respiratory disease. Currently, limited clinical surveillance and the lack of predictable seasonal dynamics limits the public health response. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has recently been used globally as a key metric in determining prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in the community but its application to other respiratory viruses is limited. In this study, we present an integrated genomic WBE approach, applying RT-qPCR and partial G-gene sequencing to track RSV levels and variants in the community. We report increasing detection of RSV in wastewater concomitant with increasing numbers of positive clinical cases. Analysis of wastewater-derived RSV sequences permitted identification of distinct circulating lineages within and between seasons. Altogether, our genomic WBE platform has the potential to complement ongoing global surveillance and aid the management of RSV by informing the timely deployment of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Background Quantitative molecular assays are increasingly used for detection of enteric viruses.Methods We compared the clinical severity using modified Vesikari score (mVS) of enteric viruses detected by conventional assays (enzyme immunoassays [EIA] for rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41 and conventional polymerase chain reaction for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus) and a quantitative molecular assay (TaqMan Array Card [TAC]) among children aged 0-59 months in the Global Enteric Multicenter Study. For rotavirus and adenovirus 40/41, we compared severity between EIA-positive and TAC-positive cases assigned etiologies using different cycle threshold (CT) cutoffs.Results Using conventional assays, the median (interquartile range) mVS was 10 (8, 11) for rotavirus, 9 (7, 11) for adenovirus 40/41, 8 (6, 10) for astrovirus, sapovirus, and norovirus GII, and 7 (6, 9) for norovirus GI. Compared to rotavirus EIA-positive cases, the median mVS was 2 and 3 points lower for EIA-negative/TAC-positive cases with CT
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAngélica M. Rosado-QuiñonesEmilee E. Colón-LorenzoZarna Rajeshkumar PalaJürgen BoschKarl KudybaHeather KudybaSusan E. LeedNorma RoncalAbel Baerga-OrtizAbiel Roche-LimaYamil GerenaDavid A. FidockAlison RothJoel Vega-RodríguezAdelfa E. Serrano1Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico2Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA3Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA4InterRayBio, LLC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA5Department of Drug Discovery, Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA6Department of Biochemistry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico7RCMI Program, Medical Science Campus, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico8Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico9Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA10Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA, Audrey Odom John
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
William M. ShaferGraeme L. Conn1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA2The Emory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA3Laboratories of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA4Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Cesar A. Arias
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Makam, Anil N.; Burnfield, Judith; Prettyman, Ed; Nguyen, Oanh Kieu; Wu, Nancy; Espejo, Edie; Blat, Cinthia; Boscardin, W. John; Ely, E. Wesley; Jackson, James C.; Covinsky, Kenneth E; Votto, John; for the Recovery After Transfer to an LTACH for COVID-19 (RAFT COVID) Study
Critical Care Medicine, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Objectives: Understanding the long-term effects of severe COVID-19 illness on survivors is essential for effective pandemic recovery planning. Therefore, we investigated impairments among hospitalized adults discharged to long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs) for prolonged severe COVID-19 illness who survived 1 year. Design: The Recovery After Transfer to an LTACH for COVID-19 (RAFT COVID) study was a national, multicenter, prospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting and Patients: We included hospitalized English-speaking adults transferred to one of nine LTACHs in the United States between March 2020 and February 2021 and completed a survey. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: Validated instruments for impairments and free response questions about recovering. Among 282 potentially eligible participants who provided permission to be contacted, 156 (55.3%) participated (median age, 65; 38.5% female; 61.3% in good prior health; median length of stay of 57 d; 77% mechanically ventilated for a median of 26 d; 42% had a tracheostomy). Approximately two-thirds (64%) had a persistent impairment, including physical (57%), respiratory (49%; 19% on supplemental oxygen), psychiatric (24%), and cognitive impairments (15%). Nearly half (47%) had two or more impairment types. Participants also experienced persistent debility from hospital-acquired complications, including mononeuropathies and pressure ulcers. Participants described protracted recovery, attributing improvements to exercise/rehabilitation, support, and time. While considered life-altering with 78.7% not returning to their usual health, participants expressed gratitude for recovering; 99% returned home and 60% of previously employed individuals returned to work. Conclusions: Nearly two-thirds of survivors of among the most prolonged severe COVID-19 illness had persistent impairments at 1 year that resembled post-intensive care syndrome after critical illness plus debility from hospital-acquired complications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenríquez-Beltrán, Mario; Vaca, Rafaela; Benítez, Iván D.; González, Jessica; Santisteve, Sally; Aguilà, Maria; Minguez, Olga; Moncusí-Moix, Anna; Gort-Paniello, Clara; Torres, Gerard; Labarca, Gonzalo; Caballero, Jesús; Barberà, Carme; Torres, Antoni; de Gonzalo-Calvo, David; Barbé, Ferran; Targa, Adriano D. S.
Critical Care Medicine, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Objectives: To investigate the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors 12 months after hospital discharge and to evaluate a possible effect of the severity of the disease within this context. Design: Observational, prospective study. Setting: Single-center study. Patients: Two hundred sixty patients admitted to the ICU due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The cohort was composed of 260 patients (69.2% males), with a median (quartile 1–quartile 3) age of 61.5 years (52.0–67.0 yr). The median length of ICU stay was 11.0 days (6.00–21.8 d), where 56.2% of the patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) revealed that 43.1% of the cohort presented poor sleep quality 12 months after hospital discharge. Actigraphy data indicated an influence of the disease severity on the fragmentation of the circadian rest-activity rhythm at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, which was no longer significant in the long term. Still, the length of the ICU stay and the duration of IMV predicted a higher fragmentation of the rhythm at the 12-month follow-up with effect sizes (95% CI) of 0.248 (0.078–0.418) and 0.182 (0.005–0.359), respectively. Relevant associations between the PSQI and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (rho = 0.55, anxiety; rho = 0.5, depression) as well as between the fragmentation of the rhythm and the diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (rho = –0.35) were observed at this time point. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a great prevalence of critical survivors presenting poor sleep quality 12 months after hospital discharge. Actigraphy data indicated the persistence of circadian alterations and a possible impact of the disease severity on the fragmentation of the circadian rest-activity rhythm, which was attenuated at the 12-month follow-up. This altogether highlights the relevance of considering the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors in the long term.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMuyun Wei, Shuangshuang Li, Xinhua Lu, Kaiming Hu, Zhilan Li, Min Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Lin Chen, Xuemei Tao, Minghui Zeng, Yuqin Li, Jiaxin Han, Yuekui Wang, Yonggang Liu, Ruifang Shi, Rui Su, Liang Xu, Yuqiang Mi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Dong‐Hwi Kim, Jae‐Hyeong Kim, Kyu‐Beom Lim, Joong‐Bok Lee, Seung‐Yong Park, Chang‐Seon Song, Sang‐Won Lee, Dong‐Hun Lee, In‐Soo Choi
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Alessandra Vergori, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro Tavelli, Valentina Mazzotta, Anna Maria Azzini, Roberta Gagliardini, Ilaria Mastrorosa, Alessandra Latini, Giovanni Pellicanò, Lucia Taramasso, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Maddalena Giannella, Evelina Tacconelli, Giulia Marchetti, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Andrea Antinori, Vax ICONA ORCHESTRA Study group
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
A great body of evidence reassures on the safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with HIV (PWH), who can mount a satisfactory immune response [1] comparable to those of the general population, except for cases with a low CD4+T cell (CD4) count recovery [1]. Notwithstanding, some concerns emerged because of the possible detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on HIV viral load (VL) and CD4 and CD8 T cells, although most of the evidence is anecdotal or comes from limited case series with conflicting results [2-5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXing LiuChunchun ZhuShuke JiaHongyan DengJinhua TangXueyi SunXiaoli ZengXiaoyun ChenZixuan WangWen LiuQian LiaoHuangyuan ZhaXiaolian CaiWuhan XiaoaKey Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinabHubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, ChinacThe Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, ChinadUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaeThe Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430072, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPrasad S Kulkarni, Anirudha Vyankatesh Potey, Sandesh Bharati, Anil Kunhihitlu, Bharath Narasimha, Sindhu Yallapa, Abhijeet Dharmadhikari, Vinay Gavade, Chandrashekhar D Kamat, Asha Mallya, Annamraju D Sarma, Sunil Goel, Sambhaji S Pisal, Cyrus S Poonawalla, Rajaram Venkatesan, Elizabeth Jones, Amy Flaxman, Young Chan Kim, Andrew J Pollard, TCV-01 Study Group
Lancet, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Sii-PTCV was safe and immunogenic for both typhoid and paratyphoid antigens indicating its potential for providing comprehensive protection against enteric fever.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) are suspected to have a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMOs) carriage, but data are currently lacking. Carriage of ARMOs could impact the post-operative course in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of ARMOs carriage in children with CHD from LMIC and its impact on post-operative outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective monocentric study from 01/2019 to 12/2022. Included patients were children (0–18 years) from a LMIC admitted after CHD surgery and with AMRO screening performed the week before. Infections and post-operative evolution were compared based on ARMOs carriage status. Findings Among 224 surgeries (median age 38.5 months (IQR 22–85.5)), ARMOs carriage was evidenced in 95 cases (42.4%). Main organisms isolated were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli (75/224) 33.5%)) and ESBL-K. pneumoniae (30/224) 13.4%)). Median mechanical ventilation duration was 1 day (IQR 0–1), PICU stay 3 days (IQR 2–4) and hospital stay 6.5 days (IQR 5–10). A total of 17 infectious episodes occurred in 15 patients, mostly consisting in hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) (12/17). Only two infections were caused by a colonizing ARMO. Occurrence of infections and patients’ outcome were similar between ARMO carriers and non-carriers. Higher use of carbapenems (6 (6.3%) vs 1 (0.8%), p = 0.04) and a trend to a higher use of vancomycin (14 (13.7%) vs 9 (6.9%), p = 0.04) in case of ARMOs carriage. Applying current guidelines, negative swab screening could have led to sparing most of empirical vancomycin therapy (11/12) for HAP based on current guidelines. Conclusion Prevalence of AMROs carriage is high in children from LMIC and has a limited impact on patients’ outcome. However, ARMOs carriage leads to higher consumption of antibiotics. Screening may help saving use of broad-spectrum antibiotic in non-carrier patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Patients with non-beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia (NBHSB) are at risk of infective endocarditis (IE). Patients with cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) have been described to have an increased risk of IE. The aim of the study was to describe a population-based cohort of patients with NBHSB and CIED and variables associated with IE and recurrent NBHSB. Methods All episodes with NBHSB in blood culture from 2015 to 2018 in a population of 1.3 million inhabitants were collected from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Lund, Sweden. Through medical records, patients with CIED during NBHSB were identified and clinical data were collected. Patients were followed 365 days after NBHSB. Results Eighty-five episodes in 79 patients with CIED and NBHSB constituted the cohort. Eight patients (10%) were diagnosed with definite IE during the first episode, five of whom also had heart valve prosthesis (HVP). In 39 patients (49%) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed of which six indicated IE. Four patients had the CIED extracted. Twenty-four patients did not survive (30%) the study period. Four patients had a recurrent infection with NBHSB with the same species, three of whom had HVP and had been evaluated with TEE with a negative result during the first episode and diagnosed with IE during the recurrency. Conclusion The study did not find a high risk of IE in patients with NBHSB and CIED. Most cases of IE were in conjunction with a simultaneous HVP. A management algorithm is suggested.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Abstract Purpose Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are at a risk of spontaneous focal intestinal perforation (FIP). Treatment includes supportive care, antibiotics, and drainage with/without surgery. Broad-spectrum antibiotic agents like carbapenems are applied frequently, although their use is not well-supported by the limited evidence of causal pathogens. We hypothesize that the use of carbapenems may not be necessary in VLBW infants with FIP. Our primary objective was to evaluate the antimicrobial use in VLBW infants with FIP in a cohort of the German Neonatal Network (GNN). The secondary objective was to characterize a subset in detail as a benchmark for future targets of stewardship. Methods Data on VLBW infants with FIP was collected prospectively within the GNN, a collaboration of 68 neonatal intensive care units (NICU). With regards to the primary objective, patient characteristics and antimicrobial treatment were extracted from the predefined GNN database. To address our secondary objective, an additional on-site assessment of laboratory and microbiological culture results were performed. Results In the GNN cohort, 613/21,646 enrolled infants (2.8%) developed FIP requiring surgery. They were frequently treated with carbapenems (500/613 (81.6%)) and vancomycin (497/613 (81.1%)). In a subset of 124 VLBW infants, 77 (72.6%) had proof of gram-positive bacteria in the abdominal cavity, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) predominantly. Despite the low prevalence of gram-negative bacteria (n = 6 (4.8%)), the combination of meropenem and vancomycin was prescribed most frequently (n = 96 (78.0%)). Conclusion The use of carbapenems as broad-spectrum antimicrobials agents might not be justified in most VLBW infants with FIP. Knowledge on the development of the neonatal gut microbiota, local resistance patterns and individual microbiological findings should be taken into consideration when implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Abstract Background and purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented public health challenges worldwide. Understanding the factors contributing to COVID-19 mortality is critical for effective management and intervention strategies. This study aims to unlock the predictive power of data collected from personal, clinical, preclinical, and laboratory variables through machine learning (ML) analyses. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 2022 in a large hospital in Abadan, Iran. Data were collected and categorized into demographic, clinical, comorbid, treatment, initial vital signs, symptoms, and laboratory test groups. The collected data were subjected to ML analysis to identify predictive factors associated with COVID-19 mortality. Five algorithms were used to analyze the data set and derive the latent predictive power of the variables by the shapely additive explanation values. Results Results highlight key factors associated with COVID-19 mortality, including age, comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes), specific treatments (antibiotics, remdesivir, favipiravir, vitamin zinc), and clinical indicators (heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature). Notably, specific symptoms (productive cough, dyspnea, delirium) and laboratory values (D-dimer, ESR) also play a critical role in predicting outcomes. This study highlights the importance of feature selection and the impact of data quantity and quality on model performance. Conclusion This study highlights the potential of ML analysis to improve the accuracy of COVID-19 mortality prediction and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach that considers multiple feature categories. It highlights the critical role of data quality and quantity in improving model performance and contributes to our understanding of the multifaceted factors that influence COVID-19 outcomes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJean-Laurent Casanova, John D. MacMicking, Carl F. Nathan
Science, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Jon Cohen
Science, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Catherine Offord
Science, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Daniel G. Streicker, Megan E. Griffiths, Rustom Antia, Laura Bergner, Peter Bowman, Maria Vitoria dos Santos de Moraes, Kevin Esvelt, Mike Famulare, Amy Gilbert, Biao He, Michael A. Jarvis, David A. Kennedy, Jennifer Kuzma, Carolyne Nasimiyu Wanyonyi, Christopher Remien, Tonie Rocke, Kyle Rosenke, Courtney Schreiner, Justin Sheen, David Simons, Ivet A. Yordanova, James J. Bull, and Scott L. Nuismer
Science, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024