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Mengxuan Gui, Chongxin Wu, Ruoyao Qi, Yue Zeng, Pengfei Huang, Jiali Cao, Tian Chen, Kaiyun Chen, Lina Lin, Qiangyuan Han, Peiqing He, Rao Fu, Qian Wu, Quan Yuan, Tianying Zhang, Ningshao Xia, Guosong Wang, Yixin Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Fan Li, Jixu Li, Jingdong Song, De Li, Qikai Yin, Shihong Fu, Kai Nie, Qianqian Cui, Songtao Xu, Qiang Wei, Huanyu Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Salini Mohanty, Nicole Cossrow, Kalvin C. Yu, Gang Ye, Meghan White, Vikas Gupta
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause both invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), which occurs when bacteria enter normally sterile sites such as the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid, and non-invasive PD, which includes community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and otitis media. Both types of PD exert a significant clinical and economic burden on patients and society [1], and this burden is particularly substantial in adults. Older adults and adults of all ages with certain chronic or immunocompromising conditions are at increased risk for pneumococcal disease (PD) [2,3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Oral rotavirus vaccines demonstrate diminished immunogenicity in low-income settings where human cytomegalovirus infection is aquired early in childhood and modulates immunity. We hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus infection around the time of vaccination may influence immunogenicity. We measured plasma human cytomegalovirus specific immunoglobulin M antibodies in rotavirus vaccinated infants from 6 weeks to 12 months old and compared rotavirus immunoglobulin A antibody titres between human cytomegalovirus seropositive and seronegative infants. There was no evidence of an association between human cytomegalovirus serostatus at 9 months and rotavirus specific antibody titres at 12 months (geometric mean ratio 1.01, 95%CI: 0.70,1.45; p=0.976) or fold-increase in RV-IgA titre between 9 and 12 months (risk ratio 0.999, 95%CI: 0.66,1.52; p=0.995) overall. However, HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were seropositive for human cytomegalovirus at 9 months old had a 63% reduction in rotavirus antibody geometric mean titres at 12 months compared to HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were seronegative for human cytomegalovirus (geometric mean ratio 0.37, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.77; p=0.008). While the broader implications of human cytomegalovirus infections on oral rotavirus vaccine response might be limited in the general infant population, the potential impact in the HIV-exposed-uninfected infants cannot be overlooked. This study highlights the complexity of immunological responses and the need for targeted interventions to ensure oral rotavirus vaccine efficacy, especially in vulnerable subpopulations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarrison, M., Rhodes, T., Lancaster, K.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate the lived experiences of Long COVID. DesignCritical interpretive synthesis of qualitative research. Data sourcesPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched on 14 September 2023. Eligibility criteriaOriginal peer-reviewed qualitative studies describing the experiences of Long COVID were eligible for inclusion. Data extraction and synthesisWe used established qualitative synthesis methods to search, screen and manually code the included studies. Critical interpretation methods were used to analyse the data and develop synthetic constructs. Results68 articles were identified in the first phase of sampling, with 16 studies and 879 participants included in the final synthesis. The analysis of these studies was organised into three thematic constructions of Long COVID: (1) the illness, (2) the patient and (3) recovery. Long COVID was diversely characterised across study approaches, designs and findings but was underpinned by shared diagnostic logics, which shaped the identification and measurement of symptoms. The boundaries between different constitutions of Long COVID in qualitative accounts of illness experience were often imprecise. Slippages between different definitions of Long COVID had implications for patient experiences in relation to diagnosis, help-seeking and care, and expectations of recovery. ConclusionsLong COVID is a site of multiple and diverse qualitative interpretation. Accounts of lived experience emphasise the constitutions of illness, patienthood and recovery as situated and emergent. The ongoing context-based negotiation of Long COVID is a defining qualitative feature of the condition. Approaches to researching, diagnosing and developing health interventions must be as adaptive as the varieties of Long COVID lived experience.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBlock Ngaybe, M. G., Ravi, P., Rosales, A., Camarena, J. L., Madhivanan, P.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
BackgroundThere are currently over 38 million individuals around the globe living with the HIV and AIDS. As many HIV prevention and care services emerging for public use services become available to a wider audience, there is a growing need for more information about willingness to engage in these care and services. Stated preference research methods have been shown to be useful methods to help predict factors that influence health behaviours in the future. Research questionThis is a systematic review of findings from stated preference studies regarding the choices of people living with HIV or people at risk of contracting HIV to engage in HIV prevention or care. MethodsOur team plans to compile stated preference studies studying the choice to engage in HIV prevention or care services. Studies will be included from 1 January 2018 until 28 October 2022. There will be no restrictions on the language or location of the study. We will search databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus, Tufts CEA registry and CINAHL. Two researchers will review each article’s title, abstract, then full-text and finally extract relevant data based on a predetermined process. Data will be presented in a narrative review and in an exploratory meta-analysis by subgroups of studies. Ethics and dissemination of researchThere is no need for an ethical review process of this study since all data used is available publicly. The findings of this study will be reported in relevant conferences and submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023397785.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGarcia, C., Holbrook, A., Djiadeu, P., Alvarez, E., Matos Silva, J., Mbuagbaw, L.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
BackgroundAdequate surveillance of HIV drug resistance prevalence is challenged by heterogenous and inadequate data reporting. To address this issue, we recently published reporting guidance documentation for studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence and incidence. ObjectivesIn this study, we describe the methods used to develop this reporting guidance. DesignWe used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design involving authors and users of studies of HIV drug resistance prevalence. In the quantitative phase, we conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey (n=51). Survey participants rated various reporting items on whether they are essential to report. Validity ratios were computed to determine the items to discuss in the qualitative phase. In the qualitative phase, two focus group discussions (n=9 in total) discussed this draft item checklist, providing a justification and examples for each item. We conducted a descriptive qualitative analysis of the group discussions to identify emergent themes regarding the qualities of an essential reporting item. ResultsWe identified 38 potential reporting items that better characterise the study participants, improve the interpretability of study results and clarify the methods used for HIV resistance testing. These items were synthesised to create the reporting item checklist. Qualitative insights formed the basis of the explanation, elaboration, and rationale components of the guidance document. ConclusionsWe generated a list of reporting items for studies on the incidence or prevalence of HIV drug resistance along with an explanation of why researchers believe these items are important. Mixed methods allowed for the simultaneous generation and integration of the item list and qualitative insights. The integrated findings were then further developed to become the subsequently published reporting guidance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMortensen, J. K., Blauenfeldt, R. A., Hedegaard, J. N., Morberg Wejse, C., Johnsen, S. P., Andersen, G., Simonsen, C. Z.
BMJ Open, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
ObjectivesAn increased risk of stroke has been reported among patients with COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to investigate the nationwide prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among patients with acute ischaemic stroke and to study the impact on stroke severity, quality of care and mortality on an individual patient level. DesignThis was a nationwide register-based cohort study. SettingWe used data from several Danish registers which were linked at an individual patient level using the unique civil registration number assigned to all Danish citizens. Patients were identified from the Danish Stroke Registry and information on SARS-CoV-2 infection status was collected from the Danish National COVID-19 Registry. Concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive PCR test within 31 days prior to, and 1 day after, stroke admission. Information on comorbidity was collected from the Danish National Patient Registry and information on vital status was collected from the Danish Civil Registration System. ParticipantsA total of 11 502 patients admitted with acute ischaemic stroke from 10 March 2020 to 31 May 2021 were included in the study. ResultsAmong the included patients, the majority (84.6%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2, but only 68 had a positive test. These patients were more prone to have atrial fibrillation and were more often treated with reperfusion therapy. They had a significantly increased risk of severe stroke (adjusted relative risk (aRR) 1.93, 95% CI: 1.22 to 3.04) and a significantly increased 30-day mortality risk (aRR 2.29, 95% CI: 1.19 to 4.39). There was no difference in the proportion of patients fulfilling relevant performance measures on quality of care. ConclusionIn this nationwide study, only 0.6% of patients with acute ischaemic stroke were tested positive for a concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patients with SARS-CoV-2 presented with more severe strokes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruptions to everyday life and has had social, political, and financial consequences that will persist for years. Several initiatives with intensive use of technology were quickly developed in this scenario. However, technologies that enhance epidemiological surveillance in contexts with low testing capacity and healthcare resources are scarce. Therefore, this study aims to address this gap by developing a data science model that uses routinely generated healthcare encounter records to detect possible new outbreaks early in real-time. Methods We defined an epidemiological indicator that is a proxy for suspected cases of COVID-19 using the health records of Emergency Care Unit (ECU) patients and text mining techniques. The open-field dataset comprises 2,760,862 medical records from nine ECUs, where each record has information about the patient’s age, reported symptoms, and the time and date of admission. We also used a dataset where 1,026,804 cases of COVID-19 were officially confirmed. The records range from January 2020 to May 2022. Sample cross-correlation between two finite stochastic time series was used to evaluate the models. Results For patients with age 18 years, we find time-lag () = 72 days and cross-correlation () ~ 0.82, = 25 days and ~ 0.93, and = 17 days and ~ 0.88 for the first, second, and third waves, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, the developed model can aid in the early detection of signs of possible new COVID-19 outbreaks, weeks before traditional surveillance systems, thereby anticipating in initiating preventive and control actions in public health with a higher likelihood of success.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is a complex procedure and easily accompanied by healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This study aimed to assess the impact of PBD on postoperative infections and clinical outcomes in PD patients. Methods The retrospective cohort study were conducted in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2022. Clinical and epidemiological data were collected from HAIs surveillance system and analyzed. Results Among 2842 patients who underwent PD, 247 (8.7%) were diagnosed with HAIs, with surgical site infection being the most frequent type (n = 177, 71.7%). A total of 369 pathogenic strains were detected, with Klebsiella pneumoniae having the highest proportion, followed by Enterococcu and Escherichia coli. Although no significant association were observed generally between PBD and postoperative HAIs, subgroup analysis revealed that PBD was associated with postoperative HAIs in patients undergoing robotic PD (aRR = 2.174; 95% CI:1.011–4.674; P = 0.047). Prolonging the interval between PBD and PD could reduce postoperative HAIs in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (≥4 week: aRR = 0.292, 95% CI 0.100–0.853; P = 0.024) and robotic PD (≤2 week: aRR = 3.058, 95% CI 1.178–7.940; P = 0.022). PBD was also found to increase transfer of patients to ICU (aRR = 1.351; 95% CI 1.119–1.632; P = 0.002), extended length of stay (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background HIV virological failure is one of the main problems in HIV-infected patients, and identifying the main predictors of such treatment failure may help in combating HIV/AIDS. Methodology This cross-sectional study included 1800 HIV-infected patients with either virological failure or treatment response. HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed. Statistical analysis was used to determine the predictors of virological failure. Results Clinical stage, treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), under therapy for three years or more, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), age > 40 years, CD4 count
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Abstract Background Since the early 1970s, cholera outbreaks have been a major public health burden in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Cholera cases have been reported in a quasi-continuous manner in certain lakeside areas in the Great Lakes Region. As these cholera-endemic health zones constitute a starting point for outbreaks and diffusion towards other at-risk areas, they play a major role in cholera dynamics in the country. Monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera hotspots and adjusting interventions accordingly thus reduces the disease burden in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Methods A literature review was conducted to describe the spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera in the DRC at the province level from 1973 to 1999. We then identified and classified cholera hotspots at the provincial and health zone levels from 2003 to 2022 and described the spatiotemporal evolution of hotspots. We also applied and compared three different classification methods to ensure that cholera hotspots are identified and classified according to the DRC context. Results According to all three methods, high-priority hotspots were concentrated in the eastern Great Lakes Region. Overall, hotspots largely remained unchanged over the course of the study period, although slight improvements were observed in some eastern hotspots, while other non-endemic areas in the west experienced an increase in cholera outbreaks. The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) and the Department of Ecology and Infectious Disease Control (DEIDC) methods largely yielded similar results for the high-risk hotspots. However, the medium-priority hotspots identified by the GTFCC method were further sub-classified by the DEIDC method, thereby providing a more detailed ranking for priority targeting. Conclusions Overall, the findings of this comprehensive study shed light on the dynamics of cholera hotspots in the DRC from 1973 to 2022. These results may serve as an evidence-based foundation for public health officials and policymakers to improve the implementation of the Multisectoral Cholera Elimination Plan, guiding targeted interventions and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of cholera in vulnerable communities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid R. Soll1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Mark D. Rose
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Xin Wang, You Li, Ting Shi, Louis J Bont, Helen Y Chu, Heather J Zar, Bhanu Wahi-Singh, Yiming Ma, Bingbing Cong, Emma Sharland, Richard D Riley, Jikui Deng, Josep Figueras-Aloy, Terho Heikkinen, Marcus H Jones, Johannes G Liese, Joško Markić, Asuncion Mejias, Marta C Nunes, Bernhard Resch, Ashish Satav, Kee Thai Yeo, Eric A F Simões, Harish Nair, Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, RESCEU investigators
Lancet, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Preterm infants face a disproportionately high burden of RSV-associated disease, accounting for 25% of RSV hospitalisation burden. Early preterm infants have a substantial RSV hospitalisation burden persisting into the second year of life. Preventive products for RSV can have a substantial public health impact by preventing RSV-associated ALRI and severe outcomes from infection in preterm infants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOle Haagen Nielsen, John Mark Gubatan, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Sarah Elizabeth Streett, Cynthia Maxwell
Lancet, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects reproductive planning due to psychological effects and mechanical problems related to surgery. Children of people with IBD have an increased risk of about 10% if one parent has IBD and up to 33% if both parents have IBD. The fertility of people with IBD is similar to the general population, but fertility might be reduced in individuals with active IBD, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or perianal Crohn\'s disease. Flaring disease during pregnancy increases complications, such as preterm birth.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbebe Fromsa, Katriina Willgert, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Getnet Mekonnen, Wegene Bedada, Balako Gumi, Matios Lakew, Biniam Tadesse, Berecha Bayissa, Asegedech Sirak, Musse Girma Abdela, Solomon Gebre, Tesfaye Chibssa, Maroudam Veerasami, H. Martin Vordermeier, Douwe Bakker, Stefan Berg, Gobena Ameni, Nick Juleff, Mart C. M. de Jong, James Wood, Andrew Conlan, Vivek Kapur
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Bin Tan, Xiaoming Zhang, Ahmadullah Ansari, Prakash Jadhav, Haozhou Tan, Kan Li, Ashima Chopra, Alexandra Ford, Xiang Chi, Francesc Xavier Ruiz, Eddy Arnold, Xufang Deng, Jun Wang
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Anita L. Michel
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Jon Cohen
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Eva H. ClarkLouisa A. MessengerJeffrey D. WhitmanCaryn Bern1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA2Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA3Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA4Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA, Graeme N. Forrest, Christina Coyle
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Karen O’Leary
Nature, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Pierre Bauvin, Claire Delacôte, Line Carolle Ntandja Wandji, Guillaume Lassailly, Violeta Raverdy, François Pattou, Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Philippe Mathurin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Pierre Bauvin, Claire Delacôte, Line Carolle Ntandja Wandji, Guillaume Lassailly, Violeta Raverdy, François Pattou, Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Philippe Mathurin Objective Help public health decision-making requires a better understanding of the dynamics of obesity and type 2 diabetes and an assessement of different strategies to decrease their burdens. Methods Based on 97,848 individual data, collected in the French Health, Health Care and Insurance Survey over 1998–2014, a Markov model was developed to describe the progression of being overweight to obesity, and the onset of type 2 diabetes. This model traces and predicts 2022–2027 burdens of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and lifetime risk of diabetes, according to different scenarios aiming at minimum to stabilize obesity at 5 years. Results Estimated risks of type 2 diabetes increase from 0.09% (normal weight) to 1.56% (obesity II-III). Compared to the before 1995 period, progression risks are estimated to have nearly doubled for obesity and tripled for type 2 diabetes. Consequently, over 2022–2027, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes will continue to increase from 17.3% to 18.2% and from 7.3% to 8.1%, respectively. Scenarios statibilizing obesity would require a 22%-decrease in the probability of move up (scenario 1) or a 33%-increase in the probability of move down (scenario 2) one BMI class. However, this stabilization will not affect the increase of diabetes prevalence whereas lifetime risk of diabetes would decrease (30.9% to 27.0%). Combining both scenarios would decrease obesity by 9.9%. Only the prevalence of obesity III shows early change able to predict the outcome of a strategy: for example, 6.7%-decrease at one year, 13.3%-decrease at two years with scenario 1 stabilizing obesity at 5 years. Conclusions Prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes will still increase over the next 5 years. Stabilizing obesity may decrease lifetime risks of type 2 diabetes without affecting its short-term prevalence. Our study highlights that, to early assess the effectiveness of their program, public health policy makers should rely on the change in prevalence of obesity III.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHareton Teixeira Vechi, Mônica Baumgardt Bay, Cláudio Henrique Silva de Freitas, Júlia Gomes Fernandes Costa de Sant’anna, Carlos Brites, Kenio Costa de Lima
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Hareton Teixeira Vechi, Mônica Baumgardt Bay, Cláudio Henrique Silva de Freitas, Júlia Gomes Fernandes Costa de Sant’anna, Carlos Brites, Kenio Costa de Lima Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has disproportionately affected more men who have sex with men (MSM), occurring in outbreaks, despite being vaccine-preventable. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with HAV susceptibility among cisgender MSM on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Northeastern Brazil. From September 30, 2021 to June 19, 2023, 282 cisgender MSM receiving HIV PrEP were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. Blood samples were collected for screening of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and serum samples were tested for IgM and total anti-HAV antibodies. Non-reactive results for total anti-HAV antibodies were found in 106 of 282 (37.6%) participants. Factors associated with HAV susceptibility included age
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNoore Alam Siddiquee, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Helen McLaren, Emi Patmisari
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Noore Alam Siddiquee, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Helen McLaren, Emi Patmisari Background A global catastrophe–the COVID-19 pandemic–appears to have two-dimensional health consequences for older adults: high risk of being infected and psychological distress. There is limited evidence on how the pandemic has impacted the life and coping of older adults who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD), women in particular. This study explored the COVID-19 risk perception and coping strategies of older CALD women in South Australia. Methods A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving a 31-items coping and emergency preparation scale for survey and semi-structured interviews with participants. The older CALD women were approached through 11 multicultural NGOs. One hundred and nine women participants from 28 CALD communities completed the online surveys; 25 of them agreed to a telephone interview and provided their contact details. 15 older CALD women ultimately participated in interviews. Results Mean sum-score of dread risk, unknown risk, and fear (M: 43.5; SD: 4.9) indicated that the participants were somewhat anxious and worried. Mean sum-score of coping (M: 79.8; SD: 9.3) reported their compliance with expert advice and disinfection practices but accessing health information (M: 2.8; SD 1.4) and tendency to minimize anxiety (M: 2.1; SD: 1.2) were below neutral. Significant variations were found in coping in terms of age, meaning that the women aged 75 years and older were less likely to cope with the pandemic (P = 0.01). Emergency preparation differed based on the participants’ residence and occupation status. The deductive-inductive thematic analysis of interview data was framed around three priori themes: risks of being affected, emotional and behavioral coping, and emergency preparation and access to services. Conclusions Evidence shows a fear among the older CALD women with an endeavor to cope and prepare for emergency situations. This suggests the requirements for interventions that improve coping and reduce the risk of stress among them.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeilong Wu, Ying Huang, Yuzhou Zhang, Bo Zhou
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Weilong Wu, Ying Huang, Yuzhou Zhang, Bo Zhou Urban agglomerations are emerging as new regional units for national participation in global competition and the international division of labor. However, they face increasingly severe resource and eco-environment pressures during urbanization. The coordination of the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment has attracted global attention. In this study, we used Coupling Coordination Degree and Vector Autoregression models to examine the dynamic evolution, coupling relationships, coordinated development patterns, and interaction mechanisms between urbanization and the eco-environment. The results indicate that: (1) The level of urbanization in the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban agglomeration was relatively low, and the region showed a good eco-environment background. However, rapid urbanization is gradually straining the carrying capacity of the eco-environment. (2) A close and stable coupling relationship exists between urbanization and the eco-environment, which has reached an advanced coupling stage. The status of coordinated development among cities differs considerably, and multiple stable forms may exist simultaneously. (3) Urbanization has a substantial impact on environmental changes, whereas the restrictive effect of the eco-environment on urbanization development is not particularly notable. (4) Various interactive relationships exist between the urbanization and eco-environment subsystems, including positive promotion and negative constraint effects. The positive promotion effect mainly manifests between the economic, social, and ecological response subsystems, while the negative constraint effect is most evident in the mutual coercion and inhibition between the regional urbanization, economic urbanization, ecological status, and ecological pressure subsystems. These findings have important policy implications for decision makers exploring the path of coordinated and sustainable development in urbanization and the eco-environment in Urban agglomerations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElizabeth A. Wilson, Anna Woodbury, Kirsten M. Williams, Craig M. Coopersmith
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Elizabeth A. Wilson, Anna Woodbury, Kirsten M. Williams, Craig M. Coopersmith Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a functional hepatic insufficiency within a week of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and is associated with morbidity and mortality. The etiology of EAD is multifactorial and largely driven by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), a phenomenon characterized by oxygen scarcity followed by paradoxical oxidative stress and inflammation. With the expanded use of marginal allografts more susceptible to IRI, the incidence of EAD may be increasing. This necessitates an in-depth understanding of the innate molecular mechanisms underlying EAD and interventions to mitigate its impact. Our central hypothesis is peri-reperfusion hyperoxemia and immune dysregulation exacerbate IRI and increase the risk of EAD. We will perform a pilot prospective single-center observational cohort study of 40 patients. The aims are to determine (1) the association between peri-reperfusion hyperoxemia and EAD and (2) whether peri-reperfusion perturbed cytokine, protein, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels correlate with EAD after OLT. Inclusion criteria include age ≥ 18 years, liver failure, and donation after brain or circulatory death. Exclusion criteria include living donor donation, repeat OLT within a week of transplantation, multiple organ transplantation, and pregnancy. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) as the study measure allows for the examination of oxygen exposure within the confines of existing variability in anesthesiologist-administered fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and the inclusion of patients with intrapulmonary shunting. The Olthoff et al. definition of EAD is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include postoperative acute kidney injury, pulmonary and biliary complications, surgical wound dehiscence and infection, and mortality. The goal of this study protocol is to identify EAD contributors that could be targeted to attenuate its impact and improve OLT outcomes. If validated, peri-reperfusion hyperoxemia and immune perturbations could be targeted via FiO2 titration to a goal PaO2 and/or administration of an immunomodulatory agent by the anesthesiologist intraoperatively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMicaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Micaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle We report a prozone effect in measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels from an antibody surveillance program. Briefly, the prozone effect occurs in immunoassays when excessively high antibody concentration disrupts the immune complex formation, resulting in a spuriously low reported result. Following participant inquiries, we observed anomalously low measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from participants in the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Research survey (Texas CARES), an ongoing prospective, longitudinal antibody surveillance program. In July, 2022, samples were collected from ten participants with anomalously low results for serial dilution studies, and a prozone effect was confirmed. From October, 2022 to March, 2023, serial dilution of samples detected 74 additional cases of prozone out of 1,720 participants’ samples. Prozone effect may affect clinical management of at-risk populations repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through multiple immunizations or serial infections, making awareness and mitigation of this issue paramount.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNihad Salifu, Catherine I. Segbefia, Yakubu Alhassan, Lorna A. Renner, Edem M. A. Tette
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Nihad Salifu, Catherine I. Segbefia, Yakubu Alhassan, Lorna A. Renner, Edem M. A. Tette Undernutrition in children with cancer is associated with complications during cancer therapy. The study objective was to determine the association between specific anthropometric parameters and short-term chemotherapy-related complications and mortality. This was a hospital-based, prospective cohort study of children, age ≤12 years, with a new cancer diagnosis at the Paediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Socio-demographic information, cancer characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained at enrolment. Participants were followed up for twelve weeks from commencement of chemotherapy and selected treatment-related complications such as anaemia and thrombocytopenia requiring transfusions, prolonged neutropenia resulting in treatment delays, febrile neutropenia, mucositis and death were recorded. A total of 133 participants were recruited with a median age of 4.5 years. Eighty-one (60.9%) were diagnosed with solid tumours, 31 (23.3%) had leukaemias and 21 (15.8%) had lymphomas. Of the anthropometric parameters assessed, only arm anthropometry using upper arm muscle area (UAMA) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were associated with complications. Participants with wasting were more likely to develop anaemia and mucositis. However, the incidence of prolonged neutropenia was significantly higher among participants with average UAMA (p = 0.043) and low average UAMA (p = 0.049) compared to those with low UAMA. Risk of neutropenia was also significantly less among those with wasting by MUAC compared to those well-nourished (p = 0.045). Twenty-three participants (17.3%) died with a greater proportion (11/44; 25%) occurring in those who were wasted using MUAC. These findings underscore the need for nutritional surveillance at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, particularly where co-morbid disease is prevalent.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez Background and aims COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be effective to prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease even in immunocompromised patients including liver transplant patients. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the mortality and development of severe and critical disease in our center. Methods A retrospective cohort study of LT patients in a reference center between March 2020 and February 2022. Demographic data, cirrhosis etiology, time on liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and vaccination status were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Primary outcome was death due to COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included the development of severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. Results 153 of 324 LT recipients developed COVID-19, in whom the main causes of cirrhosis were HCV infection and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The vaccines used were BNT162b2 (48.6%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (21.6%), mRNA-1273 vaccine (1.4%), Sputnik V (14.9%), Ad5-nCoV-S (4.1%) and CoronaVac (9.5%). Case fatality and ICU requirement risk were similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated LT patients (adjusted relative case fatality for vaccinated versus unvaccinated of 0.68, 95% CI 0.14–3.24, p = 0.62; adjusted relative risk [aRR] for ICU requirement of 0.45, 95% CI 0.11–1.88, p = 0.27). Nonetheless, vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe disease (aRR for severe disease of 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005). Conclusions Vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 in LT patients, regardless of the scheme used. Vaccination should be encouraged for all.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract A Stakeholder engagement meeting on the implementation of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) in Benin, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda was held in Nairobi, Kenya, on 27 September 2023. Representatives from the respective National Malaria Control Programmes, the World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Africa Regional and Kenya offices, research partners, non-governmental organizations, and the Medicines for Malaria Venture participated. PDMC was recommended by the WHO in June 2022 and involves provision of a full anti-malarial treatment course at regular intervals during the post-discharge period in children hospitalized with severe anaemia in areas of moderate-to-high malaria transmission. The WHO recommendation followed evidence from a meta-analysis of three clinical trials and from acceptability, delivery, cost-effectiveness, and modelling studies. The trials were conducted in The Gambia using monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during the transmission season, in Malawi using monthly artemether-lumefantrine, and in Kenya and Uganda using monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, showing a significant reduction in all-cause mortality by 77% (95% CI 30–98) and a 55% (95% CI 44–64) reduction in all-cause hospital readmissions 6 months post-discharge. The recommendation has not yet been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. There is no established platform for PDMC delivery. The objectives of the meeting were for the participating countries to share country contexts, plans and experiences regarding the adoption and implementation of PDMC and to explore potential delivery platforms in each setting. The meeting served as the beginning of stakeholder engagement within the PDMC Saves Lives project and will be followed by formative and implementation research to evaluate alternative delivery strategies in selected countries. Meeting highlights included country consensus on use of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for PDMC and expansion of the target group to "severe anaemia or severe malaria", in addition to identifying country-specific options for PDMC delivery for evaluation in implementation research. Further exploration is needed on whether the age group should be extended to school-age children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Admission and discharge screening of patients for asymptomatic gut colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a traditional approach to active surveillance, but its sensitivity for detecting colonization is uncertain.Methods Daily rectal or fecal swab samples and clinical data were collected over 12 months from patients in one 25-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in Chicago, IL USA and tested for the following multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE); third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL); and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). MDRO detection by (1) admission/discharge surveillance cultures or (2) clinical cultures were compared to daily surveillance cultures. Samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing to measure the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding to each MDRO.Results Compared with daily surveillance cultures, admission/discharge cultures detected 91% of prevalent MDRO colonization and 63% of incident MDRO colonization among medical ICU patients. Only a minority (7%) of MDRO carriers were identified by clinical cultures. Higher relative abundance of MDRO-associated OTUs and specific antibiotic exposures were independently associated with higher probability of MDRO detection by culture.Conclusion Admission and discharge surveillance cultures underestimated MDRO acquisitions in an ICU. These limitations should be considered when designing sampling strategies for epidemiologic studies that use culture-based surveillance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Bone infections from Staphylococcus aureus are notoriously difficult to treat and have high recurrence rates. Local antibiotic delivery systems hold the potential to achieve high in situ antibiotic concentrations, which are otherwise challenging to achieve via systemic administration. Existing solutions have been shown to confer suboptimal drug release and distribution. Here we present and evaluate an injectable in situ-forming depot system termed CarboCell. The CarboCell technology provides sustained and tuneable release of local high-dose antibiotics.Methods CarboCell formulations of levofloxacin or clindamycin with or without antimicrobial adjuvants cis-2-decenoic acid or cis-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid were tested in experimental rodent and porcine implant-associated osteomyelitis models. In the porcine models, debridement and treatment with CarboCell-formulated antibiotics was carried out without systemic antibiotic administration. The bacterial burden was determined by quantitative bacteriology.Results CarboCell formulations eliminated S. aureus in infected implant rat models. In the translational implant-associated pig model, surgical debridement, and injection of clindamycin-releasing CarboCell formulations resulted in pathogen-free bone tissues and implants in 9/12, and full eradication in 5/12 pigs.Conclusions Sustained release of antimicrobial agents mediated by the CarboCell technology demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in challenging translational models and may be beneficial in combination with the current standard of care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background The global incidence target for the elimination of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) is
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Concerns regarding toxicity and resistance of current drugs have been reported in visceral leishmaniasis. Anti-microbial peptides are considered as new promising candidates and amongst them, human cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37 showed significant parasite killing on drug-sensitive and resistant Leishmania promastigotes, coupled with its apoptosis-inducing role. Administration of hCAP18/LL-37 in infected macrophages also decreased parasite survival and increased the host favorable cytokine IL-12. However, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3)-induced endogenous hCAP18/LL-37 production was hampered in infected THP-1 cells. Infection also suppressed the VitD3-receptor (VDR), transcription factor of hCAP18/LL-37. cAMP response element modulator (CREM), the repressor of VDR, was induced in infection resulting in suppression of both VDR and cathelicidin expression. PGE2/cAMP/PKA axis was found to regulate CREM induction during infection and silencing CREM in infected cells and BALB/c mice led to decreased parasite survival. Present study thus documents the anti-leishmanial potential of cathelicidin and further identifies CREM as a repressor of cathelicidin in Leishmania infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRui GaoXinxin XuPrashant KumarYe LiuHongyu ZhangXiao GuoMaozhong SunFelippe Mariano ColombariAndré F. de MouraChanglong HaoJessica MaEmine Sumeyra Turali EmreMinjeong ChaLiguang XuHua KuangNicholas A. KotovChuanlai XuaInternational Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of ChinabState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of ChinacDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109dDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109eBiointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109fInstitute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, People’s Republic of ChinagBrazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, BrazilhDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, BraziliNSF Center for Complex Particles and Particle Systems (COMPASS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStefania D’AriaCéline MaquetShuang LiSuveera DhupAnouk LepezArnaud KohlerVincent F. Van HéeRajesh K. DadhichMarine FrenièreFabienne AndrisIvan NemazanyyPierre SonveauxBénédicte MachielsLaurent GilletMichel Y. BraunaInstitute for Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumbImmunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiumcPole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, BelgiumdImmunobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumePlateforme d’étude du métabolisme, Institut Necker, Inserm US 24 - CNRS UMS 3633, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, FrancefWEL Research Institute, Welbio Department, Wavre 1300, Belgium
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmruta A. KarbelkarMaria FontT. Jarrod SmithHolger SondermannGeorge A. O’TooleaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755bCSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFlorian FleckensteinSimon StephanHans HasseaLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTakafumi ShichijoJun-ichirou YasunagaKei SatoKisato NosakaKosuke ToyodaMiho WatanabeWenyi ZhangYoshio KoyanagiEdward L. MurphyRoberta L. BruhnKi-Ryang KohHirofumi AkariTerumasa IkedaReuben S. HarrisPatrick L. GreenMasao MatsuokaaDepartment of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, JapanbLaboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapancDivision of Systems Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, JapandCore Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, JapaneLaboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanfDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94158gDepartment of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San FranciscohVitalant Research Institute, San Francisco 94105iDepartment of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka 545-0053, JapanjCenter for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, JapankDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, JapanlDepartment of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229mHHMI, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229nCenter for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210oDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHanna Kehlet-DelgadoAngeliqua P. MontoyaKyson T. JensenCamille E. WendlandtChristopher DexheimerMiles RobertsLorena Torres MartínezMaren L. FriesenJoel S. GriffittsStephanie S. PorteraDepartment of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164bSchool of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686cDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602dDepartment of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City, MD 20686-3001eDepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael SheinmanPeter F. ArndtFlorian MassipaInstitute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol 299053, CrimeabDepartment of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 12163, GermanycDepartment U900, Centre for Computational Biology, Mines Paris, PSL University, Paris 75006, FrancedDepartment U900, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris 75005, FranceeINSERM, U900, Paris 75005, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed