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David R. Soll1Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA, Mark D. Rose
Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Xin Wang, You Li, Ting Shi, Louis J Bont, Helen Y Chu, Heather J Zar, Bhanu Wahi-Singh, Yiming Ma, Bingbing Cong, Emma Sharland, Richard D Riley, Jikui Deng, Josep Figueras-Aloy, Terho Heikkinen, Marcus H Jones, Johannes G Liese, Joško Markić, Asuncion Mejias, Marta C Nunes, Bernhard Resch, Ashish Satav, Kee Thai Yeo, Eric A F Simões, Harish Nair, Respiratory Virus Global Epidemiology Network, RESCEU investigators
Lancet, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Preterm infants face a disproportionately high burden of RSV-associated disease, accounting for 25% of RSV hospitalisation burden. Early preterm infants have a substantial RSV hospitalisation burden persisting into the second year of life. Preventive products for RSV can have a substantial public health impact by preventing RSV-associated ALRI and severe outcomes from infection in preterm infants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOle Haagen Nielsen, John Mark Gubatan, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Sarah Elizabeth Streett, Cynthia Maxwell
Lancet, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects reproductive planning due to psychological effects and mechanical problems related to surgery. Children of people with IBD have an increased risk of about 10% if one parent has IBD and up to 33% if both parents have IBD. The fertility of people with IBD is similar to the general population, but fertility might be reduced in individuals with active IBD, ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, or perianal Crohn\'s disease. Flaring disease during pregnancy increases complications, such as preterm birth.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbebe Fromsa, Katriina Willgert, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Getnet Mekonnen, Wegene Bedada, Balako Gumi, Matios Lakew, Biniam Tadesse, Berecha Bayissa, Asegedech Sirak, Musse Girma Abdela, Solomon Gebre, Tesfaye Chibssa, Maroudam Veerasami, H. Martin Vordermeier, Douwe Bakker, Stefan Berg, Gobena Ameni, Nick Juleff, Mart C. M. de Jong, James Wood, Andrew Conlan, Vivek Kapur
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Bin Tan, Xiaoming Zhang, Ahmadullah Ansari, Prakash Jadhav, Haozhou Tan, Kan Li, Ashima Chopra, Alexandra Ford, Xiang Chi, Francesc Xavier Ruiz, Eddy Arnold, Xufang Deng, Jun Wang
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Anita L. Michel
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Jon Cohen
Science, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Eva H. ClarkLouisa A. MessengerJeffrey D. WhitmanCaryn Bern1Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA2Division of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA3Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA4Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA5Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA, Graeme N. Forrest, Christina Coyle
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Karen O’Leary
Nature, 29.03.2024
Tilføjet 29.03.2024
Pierre Bauvin, Claire Delacôte, Line Carolle Ntandja Wandji, Guillaume Lassailly, Violeta Raverdy, François Pattou, Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Philippe Mathurin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Pierre Bauvin, Claire Delacôte, Line Carolle Ntandja Wandji, Guillaume Lassailly, Violeta Raverdy, François Pattou, Sylvie Deuffic-Burban, Philippe Mathurin Objective Help public health decision-making requires a better understanding of the dynamics of obesity and type 2 diabetes and an assessement of different strategies to decrease their burdens. Methods Based on 97,848 individual data, collected in the French Health, Health Care and Insurance Survey over 1998–2014, a Markov model was developed to describe the progression of being overweight to obesity, and the onset of type 2 diabetes. This model traces and predicts 2022–2027 burdens of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and lifetime risk of diabetes, according to different scenarios aiming at minimum to stabilize obesity at 5 years. Results Estimated risks of type 2 diabetes increase from 0.09% (normal weight) to 1.56% (obesity II-III). Compared to the before 1995 period, progression risks are estimated to have nearly doubled for obesity and tripled for type 2 diabetes. Consequently, over 2022–2027, the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes will continue to increase from 17.3% to 18.2% and from 7.3% to 8.1%, respectively. Scenarios statibilizing obesity would require a 22%-decrease in the probability of move up (scenario 1) or a 33%-increase in the probability of move down (scenario 2) one BMI class. However, this stabilization will not affect the increase of diabetes prevalence whereas lifetime risk of diabetes would decrease (30.9% to 27.0%). Combining both scenarios would decrease obesity by 9.9%. Only the prevalence of obesity III shows early change able to predict the outcome of a strategy: for example, 6.7%-decrease at one year, 13.3%-decrease at two years with scenario 1 stabilizing obesity at 5 years. Conclusions Prevalences of obesity and type 2 diabetes will still increase over the next 5 years. Stabilizing obesity may decrease lifetime risks of type 2 diabetes without affecting its short-term prevalence. Our study highlights that, to early assess the effectiveness of their program, public health policy makers should rely on the change in prevalence of obesity III.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHareton Teixeira Vechi, Mônica Baumgardt Bay, Cláudio Henrique Silva de Freitas, Júlia Gomes Fernandes Costa de Sant’anna, Carlos Brites, Kenio Costa de Lima
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Hareton Teixeira Vechi, Mônica Baumgardt Bay, Cláudio Henrique Silva de Freitas, Júlia Gomes Fernandes Costa de Sant’anna, Carlos Brites, Kenio Costa de Lima Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection has disproportionately affected more men who have sex with men (MSM), occurring in outbreaks, despite being vaccine-preventable. We determined the prevalence and factors associated with HAV susceptibility among cisgender MSM on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Northeastern Brazil. From September 30, 2021 to June 19, 2023, 282 cisgender MSM receiving HIV PrEP were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic and clinical information were collected. Blood samples were collected for screening of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and serum samples were tested for IgM and total anti-HAV antibodies. Non-reactive results for total anti-HAV antibodies were found in 106 of 282 (37.6%) participants. Factors associated with HAV susceptibility included age
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNoore Alam Siddiquee, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Helen McLaren, Emi Patmisari
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Noore Alam Siddiquee, Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Helen McLaren, Emi Patmisari Background A global catastrophe–the COVID-19 pandemic–appears to have two-dimensional health consequences for older adults: high risk of being infected and psychological distress. There is limited evidence on how the pandemic has impacted the life and coping of older adults who are culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD), women in particular. This study explored the COVID-19 risk perception and coping strategies of older CALD women in South Australia. Methods A mixed-methods research design was employed, involving a 31-items coping and emergency preparation scale for survey and semi-structured interviews with participants. The older CALD women were approached through 11 multicultural NGOs. One hundred and nine women participants from 28 CALD communities completed the online surveys; 25 of them agreed to a telephone interview and provided their contact details. 15 older CALD women ultimately participated in interviews. Results Mean sum-score of dread risk, unknown risk, and fear (M: 43.5; SD: 4.9) indicated that the participants were somewhat anxious and worried. Mean sum-score of coping (M: 79.8; SD: 9.3) reported their compliance with expert advice and disinfection practices but accessing health information (M: 2.8; SD 1.4) and tendency to minimize anxiety (M: 2.1; SD: 1.2) were below neutral. Significant variations were found in coping in terms of age, meaning that the women aged 75 years and older were less likely to cope with the pandemic (P = 0.01). Emergency preparation differed based on the participants’ residence and occupation status. The deductive-inductive thematic analysis of interview data was framed around three priori themes: risks of being affected, emotional and behavioral coping, and emergency preparation and access to services. Conclusions Evidence shows a fear among the older CALD women with an endeavor to cope and prepare for emergency situations. This suggests the requirements for interventions that improve coping and reduce the risk of stress among them.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWeilong Wu, Ying Huang, Yuzhou Zhang, Bo Zhou
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Weilong Wu, Ying Huang, Yuzhou Zhang, Bo Zhou Urban agglomerations are emerging as new regional units for national participation in global competition and the international division of labor. However, they face increasingly severe resource and eco-environment pressures during urbanization. The coordination of the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment has attracted global attention. In this study, we used Coupling Coordination Degree and Vector Autoregression models to examine the dynamic evolution, coupling relationships, coordinated development patterns, and interaction mechanisms between urbanization and the eco-environment. The results indicate that: (1) The level of urbanization in the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban agglomeration was relatively low, and the region showed a good eco-environment background. However, rapid urbanization is gradually straining the carrying capacity of the eco-environment. (2) A close and stable coupling relationship exists between urbanization and the eco-environment, which has reached an advanced coupling stage. The status of coordinated development among cities differs considerably, and multiple stable forms may exist simultaneously. (3) Urbanization has a substantial impact on environmental changes, whereas the restrictive effect of the eco-environment on urbanization development is not particularly notable. (4) Various interactive relationships exist between the urbanization and eco-environment subsystems, including positive promotion and negative constraint effects. The positive promotion effect mainly manifests between the economic, social, and ecological response subsystems, while the negative constraint effect is most evident in the mutual coercion and inhibition between the regional urbanization, economic urbanization, ecological status, and ecological pressure subsystems. These findings have important policy implications for decision makers exploring the path of coordinated and sustainable development in urbanization and the eco-environment in Urban agglomerations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElizabeth A. Wilson, Anna Woodbury, Kirsten M. Williams, Craig M. Coopersmith
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Elizabeth A. Wilson, Anna Woodbury, Kirsten M. Williams, Craig M. Coopersmith Early allograft dysfunction (EAD) is a functional hepatic insufficiency within a week of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) and is associated with morbidity and mortality. The etiology of EAD is multifactorial and largely driven by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), a phenomenon characterized by oxygen scarcity followed by paradoxical oxidative stress and inflammation. With the expanded use of marginal allografts more susceptible to IRI, the incidence of EAD may be increasing. This necessitates an in-depth understanding of the innate molecular mechanisms underlying EAD and interventions to mitigate its impact. Our central hypothesis is peri-reperfusion hyperoxemia and immune dysregulation exacerbate IRI and increase the risk of EAD. We will perform a pilot prospective single-center observational cohort study of 40 patients. The aims are to determine (1) the association between peri-reperfusion hyperoxemia and EAD and (2) whether peri-reperfusion perturbed cytokine, protein, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) levels correlate with EAD after OLT. Inclusion criteria include age ≥ 18 years, liver failure, and donation after brain or circulatory death. Exclusion criteria include living donor donation, repeat OLT within a week of transplantation, multiple organ transplantation, and pregnancy. Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) as the study measure allows for the examination of oxygen exposure within the confines of existing variability in anesthesiologist-administered fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and the inclusion of patients with intrapulmonary shunting. The Olthoff et al. definition of EAD is the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes include postoperative acute kidney injury, pulmonary and biliary complications, surgical wound dehiscence and infection, and mortality. The goal of this study protocol is to identify EAD contributors that could be targeted to attenuate its impact and improve OLT outcomes. If validated, peri-reperfusion hyperoxemia and immune perturbations could be targeted via FiO2 titration to a goal PaO2 and/or administration of an immunomodulatory agent by the anesthesiologist intraoperatively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMicaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Micaela N. Sandoval, Samuel P. McClellan, Stephen J. Pont, Jessica A. Ross, Michael D. Swartz, Mark A. Silberman, Eric Boerwinkle We report a prozone effect in measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels from an antibody surveillance program. Briefly, the prozone effect occurs in immunoassays when excessively high antibody concentration disrupts the immune complex formation, resulting in a spuriously low reported result. Following participant inquiries, we observed anomalously low measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels using the Roche Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from participants in the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Research survey (Texas CARES), an ongoing prospective, longitudinal antibody surveillance program. In July, 2022, samples were collected from ten participants with anomalously low results for serial dilution studies, and a prozone effect was confirmed. From October, 2022 to March, 2023, serial dilution of samples detected 74 additional cases of prozone out of 1,720 participants’ samples. Prozone effect may affect clinical management of at-risk populations repeatedly exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein through multiple immunizations or serial infections, making awareness and mitigation of this issue paramount.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNihad Salifu, Catherine I. Segbefia, Yakubu Alhassan, Lorna A. Renner, Edem M. A. Tette
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Nihad Salifu, Catherine I. Segbefia, Yakubu Alhassan, Lorna A. Renner, Edem M. A. Tette Undernutrition in children with cancer is associated with complications during cancer therapy. The study objective was to determine the association between specific anthropometric parameters and short-term chemotherapy-related complications and mortality. This was a hospital-based, prospective cohort study of children, age ≤12 years, with a new cancer diagnosis at the Paediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Socio-demographic information, cancer characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained at enrolment. Participants were followed up for twelve weeks from commencement of chemotherapy and selected treatment-related complications such as anaemia and thrombocytopenia requiring transfusions, prolonged neutropenia resulting in treatment delays, febrile neutropenia, mucositis and death were recorded. A total of 133 participants were recruited with a median age of 4.5 years. Eighty-one (60.9%) were diagnosed with solid tumours, 31 (23.3%) had leukaemias and 21 (15.8%) had lymphomas. Of the anthropometric parameters assessed, only arm anthropometry using upper arm muscle area (UAMA) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were associated with complications. Participants with wasting were more likely to develop anaemia and mucositis. However, the incidence of prolonged neutropenia was significantly higher among participants with average UAMA (p = 0.043) and low average UAMA (p = 0.049) compared to those with low UAMA. Risk of neutropenia was also significantly less among those with wasting by MUAC compared to those well-nourished (p = 0.045). Twenty-three participants (17.3%) died with a greater proportion (11/44; 25%) occurring in those who were wasted using MUAC. These findings underscore the need for nutritional surveillance at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, particularly where co-morbid disease is prevalent.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
by Daniel Azamar-Llamas, Josealberto Sebastiano Arenas-Martinez, Antonio Olivas-Martinez, Jose Victor Jimenez, Eric Kauffman-Ortega, Cristian J García-Carrera, Bruno Papacristofilou-Riebeling, Fabián E Rivera-López, Ignacio García-Juárez Background and aims COVID-19 vaccination has proved to be effective to prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease even in immunocompromised patients including liver transplant patients. We aim to assess the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the mortality and development of severe and critical disease in our center. Methods A retrospective cohort study of LT patients in a reference center between March 2020 and February 2022. Demographic data, cirrhosis etiology, time on liver transplantation, immunosuppressive therapies, and vaccination status were recorded at the time of diagnosis. Primary outcome was death due to COVID-19, and secondary outcomes included the development of severe COVID-19 and intensive care unit (ICU) requirement. Results 153 of 324 LT recipients developed COVID-19, in whom the main causes of cirrhosis were HCV infection and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. The vaccines used were BNT162b2 (48.6%), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (21.6%), mRNA-1273 vaccine (1.4%), Sputnik V (14.9%), Ad5-nCoV-S (4.1%) and CoronaVac (9.5%). Case fatality and ICU requirement risk were similar among vaccinated and unvaccinated LT patients (adjusted relative case fatality for vaccinated versus unvaccinated of 0.68, 95% CI 0.14–3.24, p = 0.62; adjusted relative risk [aRR] for ICU requirement of 0.45, 95% CI 0.11–1.88, p = 0.27). Nonetheless, vaccination was associated with a lower risk of severe disease (aRR for severe disease of 0.32, 95% CI 0.14–0.71, p = 0.005). Conclusions Vaccination reduces the risk of severe COVID-19 in LT patients, regardless of the scheme used. Vaccination should be encouraged for all.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract A Stakeholder engagement meeting on the implementation of post-discharge malaria chemoprevention (PDMC) in Benin, Kenya, Malawi, and Uganda was held in Nairobi, Kenya, on 27 September 2023. Representatives from the respective National Malaria Control Programmes, the World Health Organization (WHO) Geneva, Africa Regional and Kenya offices, research partners, non-governmental organizations, and the Medicines for Malaria Venture participated. PDMC was recommended by the WHO in June 2022 and involves provision of a full anti-malarial treatment course at regular intervals during the post-discharge period in children hospitalized with severe anaemia in areas of moderate-to-high malaria transmission. The WHO recommendation followed evidence from a meta-analysis of three clinical trials and from acceptability, delivery, cost-effectiveness, and modelling studies. The trials were conducted in The Gambia using monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine during the transmission season, in Malawi using monthly artemether-lumefantrine, and in Kenya and Uganda using monthly dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, showing a significant reduction in all-cause mortality by 77% (95% CI 30–98) and a 55% (95% CI 44–64) reduction in all-cause hospital readmissions 6 months post-discharge. The recommendation has not yet been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. There is no established platform for PDMC delivery. The objectives of the meeting were for the participating countries to share country contexts, plans and experiences regarding the adoption and implementation of PDMC and to explore potential delivery platforms in each setting. The meeting served as the beginning of stakeholder engagement within the PDMC Saves Lives project and will be followed by formative and implementation research to evaluate alternative delivery strategies in selected countries. Meeting highlights included country consensus on use of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for PDMC and expansion of the target group to "severe anaemia or severe malaria", in addition to identifying country-specific options for PDMC delivery for evaluation in implementation research. Further exploration is needed on whether the age group should be extended to school-age children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Admission and discharge screening of patients for asymptomatic gut colonization with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a traditional approach to active surveillance, but its sensitivity for detecting colonization is uncertain.Methods Daily rectal or fecal swab samples and clinical data were collected over 12 months from patients in one 25-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in Chicago, IL USA and tested for the following multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs): vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE); third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL); and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). MDRO detection by (1) admission/discharge surveillance cultures or (2) clinical cultures were compared to daily surveillance cultures. Samples underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing to measure the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) corresponding to each MDRO.Results Compared with daily surveillance cultures, admission/discharge cultures detected 91% of prevalent MDRO colonization and 63% of incident MDRO colonization among medical ICU patients. Only a minority (7%) of MDRO carriers were identified by clinical cultures. Higher relative abundance of MDRO-associated OTUs and specific antibiotic exposures were independently associated with higher probability of MDRO detection by culture.Conclusion Admission and discharge surveillance cultures underestimated MDRO acquisitions in an ICU. These limitations should be considered when designing sampling strategies for epidemiologic studies that use culture-based surveillance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Bone infections from Staphylococcus aureus are notoriously difficult to treat and have high recurrence rates. Local antibiotic delivery systems hold the potential to achieve high in situ antibiotic concentrations, which are otherwise challenging to achieve via systemic administration. Existing solutions have been shown to confer suboptimal drug release and distribution. Here we present and evaluate an injectable in situ-forming depot system termed CarboCell. The CarboCell technology provides sustained and tuneable release of local high-dose antibiotics.Methods CarboCell formulations of levofloxacin or clindamycin with or without antimicrobial adjuvants cis-2-decenoic acid or cis-11-methyl-2-dodecenoic acid were tested in experimental rodent and porcine implant-associated osteomyelitis models. In the porcine models, debridement and treatment with CarboCell-formulated antibiotics was carried out without systemic antibiotic administration. The bacterial burden was determined by quantitative bacteriology.Results CarboCell formulations eliminated S. aureus in infected implant rat models. In the translational implant-associated pig model, surgical debridement, and injection of clindamycin-releasing CarboCell formulations resulted in pathogen-free bone tissues and implants in 9/12, and full eradication in 5/12 pigs.Conclusions Sustained release of antimicrobial agents mediated by the CarboCell technology demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in challenging translational models and may be beneficial in combination with the current standard of care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background The global incidence target for the elimination of hepatitis C among people who inject drugs (PWID) is
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Concerns regarding toxicity and resistance of current drugs have been reported in visceral leishmaniasis. Anti-microbial peptides are considered as new promising candidates and amongst them, human cathelicidin hCAP18/LL-37 showed significant parasite killing on drug-sensitive and resistant Leishmania promastigotes, coupled with its apoptosis-inducing role. Administration of hCAP18/LL-37 in infected macrophages also decreased parasite survival and increased the host favorable cytokine IL-12. However, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3)-induced endogenous hCAP18/LL-37 production was hampered in infected THP-1 cells. Infection also suppressed the VitD3-receptor (VDR), transcription factor of hCAP18/LL-37. cAMP response element modulator (CREM), the repressor of VDR, was induced in infection resulting in suppression of both VDR and cathelicidin expression. PGE2/cAMP/PKA axis was found to regulate CREM induction during infection and silencing CREM in infected cells and BALB/c mice led to decreased parasite survival. Present study thus documents the anti-leishmanial potential of cathelicidin and further identifies CREM as a repressor of cathelicidin in Leishmania infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRui GaoXinxin XuPrashant KumarYe LiuHongyu ZhangXiao GuoMaozhong SunFelippe Mariano ColombariAndré F. de MouraChanglong HaoJessica MaEmine Sumeyra Turali EmreMinjeong ChaLiguang XuHua KuangNicholas A. KotovChuanlai XuaInternational Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of ChinabState Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People’s Republic of ChinacDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109dDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109eBiointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109fInstitute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, People’s Republic of ChinagBrazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-100, BrazilhDepartment of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, BraziliNSF Center for Complex Particles and Particle Systems (COMPASS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStefania D’AriaCéline MaquetShuang LiSuveera DhupAnouk LepezArnaud KohlerVincent F. Van HéeRajesh K. DadhichMarine FrenièreFabienne AndrisIvan NemazanyyPierre SonveauxBénédicte MachielsLaurent GilletMichel Y. BraunaInstitute for Medical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumbImmunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège 4000, BelgiumcPole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels 1200, BelgiumdImmunobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies 6041, BelgiumePlateforme d’étude du métabolisme, Institut Necker, Inserm US 24 - CNRS UMS 3633, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Paris 75015, FrancefWEL Research Institute, Welbio Department, Wavre 1300, Belgium
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmruta A. KarbelkarMaria FontT. Jarrod SmithHolger SondermannGeorge A. O’TooleaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755bCSSB Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFlorian FleckensteinSimon StephanHans HasseaLaboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTakafumi ShichijoJun-ichirou YasunagaKei SatoKisato NosakaKosuke ToyodaMiho WatanabeWenyi ZhangYoshio KoyanagiEdward L. MurphyRoberta L. BruhnKi-Ryang KohHirofumi AkariTerumasa IkedaReuben S. HarrisPatrick L. GreenMasao MatsuokaaDepartment of Hematology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, JapanbLaboratory of Virus Control, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapancDivision of Systems Virology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, JapandCore Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, JapaneLaboratory of Systems Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, JapanfDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94158gDepartment of Epidemiology/Biostatistics, University of California, San FranciscohVitalant Research Institute, San Francisco 94105iDepartment of Hematology, Osaka General Hospital of West Japan Railway Company, Osaka 545-0053, JapanjCenter for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, JapankDivision of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, JapanlDepartment of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229mHHMI, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229nCenter for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210oDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHanna Kehlet-DelgadoAngeliqua P. MontoyaKyson T. JensenCamille E. WendlandtChristopher DexheimerMiles RobertsLorena Torres MartínezMaren L. FriesenJoel S. GriffittsStephanie S. PorteraDepartment of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164bSchool of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686cDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602dDepartment of Biology, St. Mary’s College of Maryland, St. Mary’s City, MD 20686-3001eDepartment of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael SheinmanPeter F. ArndtFlorian MassipaInstitute for Advanced Studies, Sevastopol State University, Sevastopol 299053, CrimeabDepartment of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin 12163, GermanycDepartment U900, Centre for Computational Biology, Mines Paris, PSL University, Paris 75006, FrancedDepartment U900, Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris 75005, FranceeINSERM, U900, Paris 75005, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 13, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Introduction A surge of human influenza A(H7N9) cases began in 2016 in China due to an antigenically distinct lineage. Data are needed about the safety and immunogenicity of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and the effects of AS03 adjuvant, prime-boost interval, and priming effects of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) IIVs.Methods Healthy adults (n=180), ages 19–50 years, were enrolled into this partially-blinded, randomized, multi-center Phase 2 clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 vaccination groups evaluating homologous versus heterologous prime-boost strategies with two different boost intervals (21 versus 120 days) and two dosages (3.75 or 15 μg of hemagglutinin) administered with or without AS03 adjuvant. Reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody titers were assessed.Results Two doses of A(H7N9) IIV were well tolerated, and no safety issues were identified. Although most participants had injection site and systemic reactogenicity, these symptoms were mostly mild to moderate in severity; injection site reactogenicity was greater in vaccination groups receiving adjuvant. Immune responses were greater after an adjuvanted second dose, and with a longer interval between prime and boost. The highest HAI GMT (95%CI) observed against the 2017 A(H7N9) strain was 133.4 (83.6, 212.6) among participants who received homologous, adjuvanted 3.75 ug+AS03/2017 doses with delayed boost interval.Conclusions Administering AS03 adjuvant with the second H7N9 IIV dose and extending the boost interval to 4 months resulted in higher peak antibody responses. These observations can broadly inform strategic approaches for pandemic preparedness. (NCT03589807)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Improved epidemiologic and treatment data for active tuberculosis (TB) with chronic hepatitis B virus (cHBV) infection might inform and encourage screening and vaccination programs focused on persons at risk of having both conditions.Methods We matched the California Department of Public Health TB registry during 2016–2020 to the cHBV registry using probabilistic matching algorithms. We used chi-square analysis to compare the characteristics of persons with TB and cHBV with those with TB only. We compared TB treatment outcomes between these groups using modified Poisson regression models. We calculated the time between reporting of TB and cHBV diagnoses for those with both conditions.Results We identified 8,435 persons with TB, including 316 (3.7%) with cHBV. Among persons with TB and cHBV, 256 (81.0%) were non-U.S.-born Asian vs 4,186 (51.6%) with TB only (P 60 days after cHBV (median 3,411 days).Conclusion Persons with TB and cHBV were found more frequently in certain groups compared with TB only, and infrequently had their conditions diagnosed together. This highlights an opportunity to improve screening and treatment of TB and cHBV in those at high risk for coinfection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background There are little data on changes in insulin sensitivity during the first few years of life following in utero human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral (ARV) exposure.Methods The Tshilo Dikotla study enrolled pregnant persons with HIV (PWH) (receiving tenofovir/emtricitabine or lamivudine plus dolutegravir or efavirenz) and pregnant individuals without HIV, as well as their liveborn children. Newborns were randomized to receive either zidovudine (AZT) or nevirapine (NVP) postnatal prophylaxis. Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was assessed at birth and 1, 18, 24, and 36 months of life. We fit linear mixed-effects models to evaluate the association between in utero HIV/ARV exposure and average HOMA-IR from birth through 36 months of life, adjusting for confounders.Results A total of 419 children were included (287 with in utero HIV/ARV exposure and uninfected [CHEU] and 132 without in utero HIV/ARV exposure [CHUU]). CHEU were born to older women (29.6 vs 25.3 years of age) with higher gravidity (3 vs 1). HOMA-IR was persistently higher in CHEU versus CHUU in adjusted analyses (mean difference of 0.07 in log10 HOMA-IR, P = .02) from birth through 36 months of life. Among CHEU, no differences in HOMA-IR were observed from birth through 36 months by in utero ARV exposure status or between AZT and NVP infant prophylaxis arms.Conclusions In utero HIV/ARV exposure was associated with lower insulin sensitivity throughout the first 36 months of life, indicating persistent early life metabolic disturbances which may raise concern for poorer metabolic health later in life.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMinh Ha NgoJoshua PankracRyan C. Y. HoEmmanuel NdashimyeRahul PawaRenata CeccacciTsigereda BiruAbayomi S. OlabodeKatja KleinYue LiColin KovacsRobert AssadJeffrey M. JacobsonDavid H. CanadayStephen TomusangeSamiri JamiruAggrey AnokTaddeo KityamuweesiPaul BuuleRonald M. GaliwangoSteven J. ReynoldsThomas C. QuinnAndrew D. ReddJessica L. ProdgerJamie F. S. MannEric J. Artsa Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canadab College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnamc Special Immunology Unit and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USAd Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UKe Maple Leaf Medical Clinic and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canadaf Rakai Health Sciences Program, Kalisizo, Ugandag Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAh Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Qianchun GongRendi JiangLina JiHaofeng LinMeiqin LiuXiaofang TangYong YangWei HanJing ChenZishuo GuoQi WangQian LiXi WangTingting JiangShizhe XieXinglou YangPeng ZhouZhengli ShiXinhua Lina State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of Chinab Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of Chinac School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of Chinad State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinaf Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Information, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Ying LiuJiayou ZhangWen LiuYongbing PanShunan RuanXuanxuan NianWei ChenLina SunQiangling YinXin YueQingliang LiFang GuiCong WuShuzhen WangYunkai YangZhaofei JingFeiguang LongZejun WangZeyu ZhangChaolin HuangKai DuanMifang LiangXiaoming Yanga Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab Hubei Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinac Hubei Public Health Clinical Center, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinad Wuhan Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinae National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinaf Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co. Ltd., Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinag National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese CDC, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinah Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinai China National Biotec Group Company Limited, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Jiahui GuoYinan LaiZhixiang YangWenbo SongJunwei ZhouZhuang LiWen SuShaobo XiaoLiurong Fanga National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinab Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of Chinac Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Morgan Brisse, Hinh Ly
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Minsoo Kim, Eunjung Kim
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Shaoli Lin, Xiaochun Wang, Bhargava Teja Sallapalli, Adam Hage, Peixi Chang, Jia He, Sonja M. Best, Yanjin Zhang
Journal of Medical Virology, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract The Centers for Disease Control estimates antibiotic-associated pathogens result in 2.8 million infections and 38,000 deaths annually in the United States. This study applies species distribution modeling to elucidate the impact of environmental determinants of human infectious disease in an era of rapid global change. We modeled methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridioides difficile using 31 publicly accessible bioclimatic, healthcare, and sociodemographic variables. Ensemble models were created from 8 unique statistical and machine learning algorithms. Using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition codes, we identified 305,528 diagnoses of methicillin-resistant S.aureus and 302,001 diagnoses of C.difficile presence. Three environmental factors – average maximum temperature, specific humidity, and agricultural land density – emerged as major predictors of increased methicillin-resistant S.aureus and C.difficile presence; variables representing healthcare availability were less important. Species distribution modeling may be a powerful tool for identifying areas at increased risk for disease presence and have important implications for disease surveillance systems.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background GWAS have identified several non-functional tagSNPs associated with severe malaria. We hypothesized that causal SNPs could play a significant role in severe malaria by altering promoter or enhancer activity. Here, we sought to identify such regulatory SNPs.Methods SNPs in linkage disequilibrium with tagSNPs associated with severe malaria were identified and were further annotated using FUMA. Then, SNPs were prioritized using IW-scoring method to identify regulatory ones. Gene reporter assays were performed to assess the regulatory effect of a region containing candidates. The association between SNPs and severe malaria was assessed using logistic regression models in a Senegalese cohort.Results Among 418 SNPs, the best candidates were rs116525449 and rs79644959, which were in full disequilibrium between them, and located within the ARL14 promoter. Our gene reporter assay results revealed that the region containing the SNPs exhibited cell-specific promoter or enhancer activity, while the SNPs influenced promoter activity. We detected an association between severe malaria and those two SNPs using the overdominance model and we replicated the association of severe malaria with the tagSNP rs116423146.Conclusions We suggest that these SNPs regulate ARL14 expression in immune cells and the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes, thus influencing severe malaria development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Escherichia coli K1 is the leading cause of neonatal Gram-negative bacterial meningitis, but the pathogenesis of E. coli K1 meningitis remains unclear. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration is a crucial step in E. coli meningitis development. Here, we uncovered the crucial role of CsiR, a GntR family regulator, in E. coli K1 virulence. During infection, csiR expression was induced due to the derepression by Fur in the blood and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). CsiR positively regulated ilvB expression, which is associated with branched chain amino acid synthesis. Furthermore, we revealed that IlvB activated the FAK/PI3 K pathway of HBMECs to induce actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, thereby promoting the bacterial invasion and penetration of the BBB. Overall, this study reveals a CsiR-mediated virulence regulation pathway in E. coli K1, which may provide a useful target for the prevention or therapy of E. coli meningitis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) have become widely utilized but longitudinal characterization of their community-based performance remains incompletely understood.Methods This prospective longitudinal study at a large public university in Seattle, WA utilized remote enrollment, online surveys, and self-collected nasal swab specimens to evaluate Ag-RDT performance against real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in the context of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Ag-RDT sensitivity and specificity within 1 day of rRT-PCR were evaluated by symptom status throughout the illness episode and Orf1b cycle threshold (Ct).Results From February to December 2022, 5,757 participants reported 17,572 Ag-RDT results and completed 12,674 rRT-PCR tests, of which 995 (7.9%) were rRT-PCR-positive. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 53.0% (95% CI: 49.6–56.4%) and 98.8% (98.5–99.0%), respectively. Sensitivity was comparatively higher for Ag-RDTs used 1 day after rRT-PCR (69.0%), 4 to 7 days post-symptom onset (70.1%), and Orf1b Ct ≤20 (82.7%). Serial Ag-RDT sensitivity increased with repeat testing ≥2 (68.5%) and ≥4 (75.8%) days after an initial Ag-RDT-negative result.Conclusion Ag-RDT performance varied by clinical characteristics and temporal testing patterns. Our findings support recommendations for serial testing following an initial Ag-RDT-negative result, especially among recently symptomatic persons or those at high-risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 remains a problem globally. Malawi introduced 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2011, but there has been no direct protection against serotype 3 carriage. We explored whether vaccine escape by serotype 3 is due to clonal expansion of a lineage with a competitive advantage.Methods The distribution of serotype 3 Global Pneumococcal Sequence Clusters (GPSCs) and sequence types (STs) globally was assessed using sequences from the Global Pneumococcal Sequencing Project. Whole-genome sequences of 135 serotype 3 carriage isolates from Blantyre, Malawi (2015–2019) were analyzed. Comparative analysis of the capsule locus, entire genomes, antimicrobial resistance, and phylogenetic reconstructions were undertaken. Opsonophagocytosis was evaluated using serum samples from vaccinated adults and children.Results Serotype 3 GPSC10-ST700 isolates were most prominent in Malawi. Compared with the prototypical serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide locus sequence, 6 genes are absent, with retention of capsule polysaccharide biosynthesis. This lineage is characterized by increased antimicrobial resistance and lower susceptibility to opsonophagocytic killing.Conclusions A serotype 3 variant in Malawi has genotypic and phenotypic characteristics that could enhance vaccine escape and clonal expansion after post-PCV13 introduction. Genomic surveillance among high-burden populations is essential to improve the effectiveness of next-generation pneumococcal vaccines.
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