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Anita Mesic, Waliullah H. Khan, Annick Lenglet, Lutgarde Lynen, Sadiqqulah Ishaq, Ei Hnin Hnin Phyu, Htay Thet Mar, Anthony Oraegbu, Mohammad Khaled Seddiq, Hashim Khan Amirzada, Jena Fernhout, Charity Kamau, Cono Ariti, Diana Gomez, Tom Decroo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Anita Mesic, Waliullah H. Khan, Annick Lenglet, Lutgarde Lynen, Sadiqqulah Ishaq, Ei Hnin Hnin Phyu, Htay Thet Mar, Anthony Oraegbu, Mohammad Khaled Seddiq, Hashim Khan Amirzada, Jena Fernhout, Charity Kamau, Cono Ariti, Diana Gomez, Tom Decroo
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBurak Yasar, Pınar Ozbilgehan, Mert Sen, Arslan Guvendik
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Burak Yasar, Pınar Ozbilgehan, Mert Sen, Arslan Guvendik Natural disasters pose significant challenges to medical response due to the surge of patients and emergent injuries. Amid such scenarios, where personnel for patient monitoring might be scarce, effective biomarkers are crucial for guiding treatment plans and predicting patient prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between systemic inflammatory indices and morbidity in earth-quake-induced crush injuries. Additionally, we assessed the potential of these indices as prognostic markers for adverse outcomes. We studied 140 patients with earthquake-related crush injuries (ECR) admitted between February and March 2023 and compared them to 200 healthy controls (CG) chosen using a simple random method. Using the complete blood count data upon admission, we computed and statistically compared indices including NLR (neutrophil lymphocyte ratio), PLR (platelet lymphocyte ratio), MLR (monocyte lymphocyte ratio), SII (systemic immune-inflammatory index), SIRI (systemic inflammatory response index), and PIV (pan-immune inflammation value). Regression analyses determined the prediction of hospitalization duration and dialysis necessity. PLR and MLR upon admission significantly predicted the length of hospital stay. MLR and SIRI were significant predictors for dialysis requirement, with Exp(B) values of 0.306 (p = 0.024) and 1.261 (p = 0.038), respectively. Systemic inflammatory indices can serve as valuable prognostic tools in disaster scenarios. Utilizing these indices can enhance patient management, effectively allocate resources, and potentially save lives in the aftermath of earthquakes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMasashi Shibata, Yuki Otsuka, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Fumio Otsuka
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Masashi Shibata, Yuki Otsuka, Hideharu Hagiya, Toshihiro Koyama, Hideyuki Kashiwagi, Fumio Otsuka Background In the global aging, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have affected the place of death (PoD) in Japan, where hospital deaths have dominated for decades. We analyzed the PoD trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Methods This nationwide observational study used vital statistics based on death certificates from Japan between 1951 and 2021. The proportion of PoD; deaths at home, hospitals, and nursing homes; and annual percentage change (APC) were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses were stratified by age groups and causes of death. Results After 2019, home deaths exhibited upward trends, while hospital death turned into downward trends. By age, no significant trend change was seen in the 0–19 age group, while hospital deaths decreased in the 20–64 age group in 2019. The trend change in home death in the ≥65 age group significantly increased since 2019 with an APC of 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.0 to 15.7), while their hospital death trends decreased by −4.0% (95% CI: −4.9 to −3.1) in 2019−2021. By cause of death, home death due to cancer and the old age increased since 2019 with an APC of 29.3% (95% CI: 25.4 to 33.2) and 8.8% (95% CI: 5.5 to 12.2), respectively. Conclusion PoD has shifted from hospital to home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The majority of whom were older population with cancer or old age.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Yuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen Purpose To assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2018–2022 and provide insights for influenza prevention. Methods Following the National Influenza Surveillance Program, we conducted pathogen surveillance by randomly sampling throat swabs from cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) at two sentinel hospitals. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3,813,471 cases were treated at two hospitals in Huzhou, China. Among them, there were 112,385 cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), accounting for 2.95% of the total number of cases. A total of 11,686 ILI throat swab samples were tested for influenza viruses, with 1,602 cases testing positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, resulting in a positivity rate of 13.71%. Among the positive strains, there were 677 strains of A(H3N2) virus, 301 strains of A(H1N1) virus, 570 strains of B/Victoria virus, and 54 strains of B/Yamagata virus. The ILI percentage (ILI%) and influenza nucleic acid positivity rate showed winter-spring peaks in the years 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022, with the peaks concentrated in January and February. Additionally, a small peak was observed in August 2022 during the summer season. No peak was observed during the winter-spring season of 2020. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in children aged 0–4 years, followed by school-age children aged 5–14 years. There was a positive correlation between ILI% and influenza virus nucleic acid positivity rate (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions The influenza outbreak in Huzhou from 2020 to 2022 was to some extent influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures. After the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influenza outbreak in Huzhou may become more severe. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly assess the influenza outbreak trends based on the ILI% and the positivity rate of influenza virus nucleic acid tests.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAbigail Kusi Amponsah, Edward Appiah Boateng, Jerry Armah, Joana Kyei Dompim, Douglas Gyamfi, Alberta Lomotey, Faithful Adwoa Annobil, Amena Ekua Amankrah, Rifka Abdallah Youshah, Elizabeth Uzoka Beauty, Francis Diji, Victoria Bam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Abigail Kusi Amponsah, Edward Appiah Boateng, Jerry Armah, Joana Kyei Dompim, Douglas Gyamfi, Alberta Lomotey, Faithful Adwoa Annobil, Amena Ekua Amankrah, Rifka Abdallah Youshah, Elizabeth Uzoka Beauty, Francis Diji, Victoria Bam Background Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable and suffer the most during pandemics, according to earlier studies. Pregnant women had to seek healthcare for both themselves and their unborn child(ren) in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unprecedented. Pregnant women’s psychosocial experiences during pandemics are crucial since they both directly and indirectly affect the course of pregnancy and childbirth. The study therefore sought to explore the psychosocial experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this retrospective qualitative study, 15 nursing mothers who were attending a postnatal clinic at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) hospital in Ghana were recruited. Individual interviews were conducted with mothers who were pregnant between March and December 2020. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed into themes. Results Nursing mothers were aged 25–30 years and had infants ranging from 5 months to 15 months. Thirteen (13) were married and two were single. Two (2) major themes and five (5) subthemes emerged from the study. The unpleasant feelings connected to the potential for contracting COVID-19 and experiencing stress were described by the theme, “Fear and Stress”. Participants’ social experiences (support from significant others), alterations in daily routine and the economic impact because of the pandemic were presented as the “Socioeconomic impact”. Conclusion Pregnant women go through several challenges during pregnancy such as perceived stress and anxiety. These are likely to heighten during a pandemic, as presented in the study. They therefore need emotional and psychosocial support in such uncertain times to improve outcomes of pregnancy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBoniface M. Chege, Peter W. Mwangi, Charles G. Githinji, Frederick Bukachi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Boniface M. Chege, Peter W. Mwangi, Charles G. Githinji, Frederick Bukachi Introduction This study investigated the interactions between a low protein high calorie (LPHC) diet and an integrase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral drug regimen (INI-CR)in light of evidence suggesting that the initiation of cART in patients with poor nutritional status is a predictor of mortality independent of immune status. Methods Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks. Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks. Weekly body weights, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); lipid profiles, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides and adiposity were assessed at week 24. Results At week 15, body weights increased between the diet group in phase 1(standard 146 ± 1.64 vs. 273.1 ± 1.56 g), (NPHC, 143.5 ± 2.40 vs. 390.2 ± 4.94 g) and (LPHC, 145.5 ± 2.28 g vs. 398.3 ± 4.89 g) (p< 0.0001). A similar increase was noted in the FBG and OGTT (p< 0.0001). In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJames L. Miller, Alexandra Reddy, Rebecca M. Harman, Gerlinde R. Van de Walle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by James L. Miller, Alexandra Reddy, Rebecca M. Harman, Gerlinde R. Van de Walle Although highly conserved in structure and function, many (patho)physiological processes of the mammary gland vary drastically between mammals, with mechanisms regulating these differences not well understood. Large mammals display variable lactation strategies and mammary cancer incidence, however, research into these variations is often limited to in vitro analysis due to logistical limitations. Validating a model with functional mammary xenografts from cryopreserved tissue fragments would allow for in vivo comparative analysis of mammary glands from large and/or rare mammals and would improve our understanding of postnatal development, lactation, and premalignancy across mammals. To this end, we generated functional mammary xenografts using mammary tissue fragments containing mammary stroma and parenchyma isolated via an antibody-independent approach from healthy, nulliparous equine and canine donor tissues to study these species in vivo. Cryopreserved mammary tissue fragments were xenotransplanted into de-epithelialized fat pads of immunodeficient mice and resulting xenografts were structurally and functionally assessed. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts was performed to promote ductal morphogenesis. Xenografts recapitulated mammary lobule architecture and contained donor-derived stromal components. Mammatropic hormone stimulation resulted in (i) upregulation of lactation-associated genes, (ii) altered proliferation index, and (iii) morphological changes, indicating functionality. Preimplantation of mammary stromal fibroblasts did not promote ductal morphogenesis. This model presents the opportunity to study novel mechanisms regulating unique lactation strategies and mammary cancer induction in vivo. Due to the universal applicability of this approach, this model serves as proof-of-concept for developing mammary xenografts for in vivo analysis of virtually any mammals, including large and rare mammals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYu Yuan, Yan Hu, Xiaoli Zhang, Wenhao Zhong, Shulei Pan, Liqin Wang, Ziyao Zhou, Haifeng Liu, Shaqiu Zhang, Guangneng Peng, Ya Wang, Qigui Yan, Yan Luo, Keyun Shi, Zhijun Zhong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Yu Yuan, Yan Hu, Xiaoli Zhang, Wenhao Zhong, Shulei Pan, Liqin Wang, Ziyao Zhou, Haifeng Liu, Shaqiu Zhang, Guangneng Peng, Ya Wang, Qigui Yan, Yan Luo, Keyun Shi, Zhijun Zhong The increasing number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria in companion animals poses a threat to both pet treatment and public health. To investigate the characteristics of MDR Escherichia coli (E. coli) from dogs, we detected the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of 135 E. coli isolates from diarrheal pet dogs by disc diffusion method (K-B method), and screened antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence-associated genes (VAGs), and population structure (phylogenetic groups and MLST) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 74 MDR strains, then further analyzed the association between AMRs and ARGs or VAGs. Our results showed that 135 isolates exhibited high resistance to AMP (71.11%, 96/135), TET (62.22%, 84/135), and SXT (59.26%, 80/135). Additionally, 54.81% (74/135) of the isolates were identified as MDR E. coli. In 74 MDR strains, a total of 12 ARGs in 6 categories and 14 VAGs in 4 categories were observed, of which tetA (95.95%, 71/74) and fimC (100%, 74/74) were the most prevalent. Further analysis of associations between ARGs and AMRs or VAGs in MDR strains revealed 23 significant positive associated pairs were observed between ARGs and AMRs, while only 5 associated pairs were observed between ARGs and VAGs (3 positive associated pairs and 2 negative associated pairs). Results of population structure analysis showed that B2 and D groups were the prevalent phylogroups (90.54%, 67/74), and 74 MDR strains belonged to 42 STs (6 clonal complexes and 23 singletons), of which ST10 was the dominant lineage. Our findings indicated that MDR E. coli from pet dogs carry a high diversity of ARGs and VAGs, and were mostly belong to B2/D groups and ST10. Measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of MDR E. coli between companion animals and humans, as the fecal shedding of MDR E. coli from pet dogs may pose a threat to humans.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Abstract Background Children are particularly at risk of malaria. This analysis consolidates the clinical data for pyronaridine–artesunate (PA) paediatric granules in children from three randomized clinical trials and a real-world study (CANTAM). Methods An integrated safety analysis of individual patient data from three randomized clinical trials included patients with microscopically-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum, body weight ≥ 5 kg to
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuting FangMuqing FuXinyue LiBao ZhangChengsong Wan1BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China2Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China, Manuela Raffatellu
Infection and Immunity, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Miao ZhangBingqing YangJingru ShiZhiqiang WangYuan Liu1Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China2Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China3Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Christophe Le TerrierPatrice NordmannChloé BuchsLaurent Poirel1Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland2Division of Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland3Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Fribourg, Switzerland, Alessandra Carattoli
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Jayathilake SarangiAyaka IdoMasaya ItoChihiro IinumaYo DoyamaWanchun JinJun-ichi WachinoMasahiro SuzukiMitsutaka IguchiTetsuya YagiYoshichika ArakawaKouji Kimura1Department of Bacteriology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan2Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan3Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan, Cesar A. Arias
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 2 Pages: 199-416
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMiano, Todd A.; Barreto, Erin F.; McNett, Molly; Martin, Niels; Sakhuja, Ankit; Andrews, Adair; Basu, Rajit K.; Ablordeppey, Enyo Ama
Critical Care Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Objectives: Accurate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) assessment is essential in critically ill patients. GFR is often estimated using creatinine-based equations, which require surrogates for muscle mass such as age and sex. Race has also been included in GFR equations, based on the assumption that Black individuals have genetically determined higher muscle mass. However, race-based GFR estimation has been questioned with the recognition that race is a poor surrogate for genetic ancestry, and racial health disparities are driven largely by socioeconomic factors. The American Society of Nephrology and the National Kidney Foundation (ASN/NKF) recommend widespread adoption of new “race-free” creatinine equations, and increased use of cystatin C as a race-agnostic GFR biomarker. Data Sources: Literature review and expert consensus. Study Selection: English language publications evaluating GFR assessment and racial disparities. Data Extraction: We provide an overview of the ASN/NKF recommendations. We then apply an Implementation science methodology to identify facilitators and barriers to implementation of the ASN/NKF recommendations into critical care settings and identify evidence-based implementation strategies. Last, we highlight research priorities for advancing GFR estimation in critically ill patients. Data Synthesis: Implementation of the new creatinine-based GFR equation is facilitated by low cost and relative ease of incorporation into electronic health records. The key barrier to implementation is a lack of direct evidence in critically ill patients. Additional barriers to implementing cystatin C-based GFR estimation include higher cost and lack of test availability in most laboratories. Further, cystatin C concentrations are influenced by inflammation, which complicates interpretation. Conclusions: The lack of direct evidence in critically ill patients is a key barrier to broad implementation of newly developed “race-free” GFR equations. Additional research evaluating GFR equations in critically ill patients and novel approaches to dynamic kidney function estimation is required to advance equitable GFR assessment in this vulnerable population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChalkias, Athanasios; Huang, Yiyuan; Ismail, Anis; Pantazopoulos, Ioannis; Papagiannakis, Nikolaos; Bitterman, Brayden; Anderson, Elizabeth; Catalan, Tonimarie; Erne, Grace K.; Tilley, Caroline R.; Alaka, Abiola; Amadi, Kingsley M.; Presswalla, Feriel; Blakely, Pennelope; Bernal-Morell, Enrique; Cebreiros López, Iria; Eugen-Olsen, Jesper; García de Guadiana Romualdo, Luis; Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J.; Loosen, Sven H.; Reiser, Jochen; Tacke, Frank; Skoulakis, Anargyros; Laou, Eleni; Banerjee, Mousumi; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Hayek, Salim S.; on behalf of the International Study of Inflammation in COVID-19 (ISIC) Investigator Group
Critical Care Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Objectives: To evaluate the impact of intubation timing, guided by severity criteria, on mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients, amidst existing uncertainties regarding optimal intubation practices. Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted from February 1, 2020, to November 1, 2022. Setting: Ten academic institutions in the United States and Europe. Patients: Adults (≥ 18 yr old) confirmed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hospitalized specifically for COVID-19, requiring intubation postadmission. Exclusion criteria included patients hospitalized for non-COVID-19 reasons despite a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Interventions: Early invasive mechanical ventilation (EIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with less severe organ dysfunction (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment [SOFA] < 7 or Pao2/Fio2 ratio > 250), whereas late invasive mechanical ventilation (LIMV) was defined as intubation in patients with SOFA greater than or equal to 7 and Pao2/Fio2 ratio less than or equal to 250. Measurements and Main Results: The primary outcome was mortality within 30 days of hospital admission. Among 4464 patients, 854 (19.1%) required mechanical ventilation (mean age 60 yr, 61.7% male, 19.3% Black). Of those, 621 (72.7%) were categorized in the EIMV group and 233 (27.3%) in the LIMV group. Death within 30 days after admission occurred in 278 patients (42.2%) in the EIMV and 88 patients (46.6%) in the LIMV group (p = 0.28). An inverse probability-of-treatment weighting analysis revealed a statistically significant association with mortality, with patients in the EIMV group being 32% less likely to die either within 30 days of admission (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52–0.90; p = 0.008) or within 30 days after intubation irrespective of its timing from admission (adjusted HR 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51–0.90; p = 0.006). Conclusions: In severe COVID-19 cases, an early intubation strategy, guided by specific severity criteria, is associated with a reduced risk of death. These findings underscore the importance of timely intervention based on objective severity assessments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTaylor, Stephanie P.; Kowalkowski, Marc A.; Skewes, Sable; Chou, Shih-Hsiung
Critical Care Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Objective: To evaluate real-world implications of updated Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) recommendations for antibiotic timing. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Twelve hospitals in the Southeastern United States between 2017 and 2021. Patients: One hundred sixty-six thousand five hundred fifty-nine adult hospitalized patients treated in the emergency department for suspected serious infection. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: We determined the number and characteristics of patients affected by updated SSC recommendations for initiation of antibiotics that incorporate a risk- and probability-stratified approach. Using an infection prediction model with a cutoff of 0.5 to classify possible vs. probable infection, we found that 30% of the suspected infection cohort would be classified as shock absent, possible infection and thus eligible for the new 3-hour antibiotic recommendation. In real-world practice, this group had a conservative time to antibiotics (median, 5.5 hr; interquartile range [IQR], 3.2–9.8 hr) and low mortality (2%). Patients categorized as shock absent, probable infection had a median time to antibiotics of 3.2 hours (IQR, 2.1–5.1 hr) and mortality of 3%. Patients categorized as shock present, the probable infection had a median time to antibiotics 2.7 hours (IQR, 1.7–4.6 hr) and mortality of 17%, and patients categorized as shock present, the possible infection had a median time to antibiotics 6.9 hours (IQR, 3.5–16.3 hr) and mortality of 12%. Conclusions: These data support recently updated SSC recommendations to align antibiotic timing targets with risk and probability stratifications. Our results provide empirical support that clinicians and hospitals should not be held to 1-hour targets for patients without shock and with only possible sepsis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHannah E. Ledvina, Aaron T. Whiteley
Nat Rev Microbiol, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Franco K. K. Li, Liam J. Worrall, Robert T. Gale, Eric D. Brown, Natalie C. J. Strynadka
Science Advances, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
So-Hee Kim, Yuri Kim, Sangeun Jeon, Uni Park, Ju-Il Kang, Kyeongseok Jeon, Hye-Ran Kim, Songhyeok Oh, Ji-Young Rhee, Jae-Phil Choi, Wan Beom Park, Sang Won Park, Jeong-Sun Yang, Joo-Yeon Lee, Jihye Kang, Hyoung-Shik Shin, Yeonjae Kim, Seungtaek Kim, Yeon-Sook Kim, Dong-Gyun Lim, Nam-Hyuk Cho
Science Advances, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Jacob P. Fredrikson, Luke F. Domanico, Shawna L. Pratt, Emma K. Loveday, Matthew P. Taylor, Connie B. Chang
Science Advances, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Yuanzhong Zhang, Sara Anbir, Joseph McTiernan, Siyu Li, Michael Worcester, Pratyasha Mishra, Michael E. Colvin, Ajay Gopinathan, Umar Mohideen, Roya Zandi, Thomas E. Kuhlman
Science Advances, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Pim Bouwmans, S. Reshwan K. Malahe, A. Lianne Messchendorp, Priya Vart, Céline Imhof, Jan-Stephan Sanders, Ron T. Gansevoort, Aiko P.J. de Vries, Alferso C. Abrahams, Frederike J. Bemelman, Johanna P.M. Vervoort, Luuk Hilbrands, Marc A.G.J. ten Dam, René M.A. van den Dorpel, Theo Rispens, Maurice Steenhuis, Marlies E.J. Reinders, Marc H. Hemmelder, RECOVAC Consortium
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Although the World Health Organization (WHO) ended the global emergency status for COVID-19 on May 5th 2023, reports on long-lasting symptoms after COVID-19 have been emerging. Over 200 long-lasting symptoms affecting various organ systems have been documented in more than 65 million individuals worldwide [1]. These symptoms are referred to as ‘’long-COVID’’, ‘’post COVID-19 condition’’ (PCC) and ‘’post-acute sequalae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)’’. In a recent observational matched cohort study conducted on the general population, the prevalence of PCC was estimated to be 21% among individuals with prior COVID-19 [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRaphaël Lecomte, Colin Deschanvres, Alexis Bourreau, Louise Ruffier d'Epenoux, Paul Le Turnier, Benjamin Gaborit, Marie Chauveau, Magali Michel, Thierry Le Tourneau, Pascale Bémer, Stéphane Corvec, David Boutoille
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
In most cases, treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) is empirical until the causative pathogens are identified, with two major important points. First, empirical antimicrobial therapy (EAT) is the cornerstone of sepsis therapy and any delay in time to appropriate antimicrobial therapy increases sepsis mortality, particularly in cases of septic shock [1]. Second, since Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause of IE and is associated with higher mortality [2,3], it is crucial that EAT for infective endocarditis includes drugs that have optimal anti-staphylococcal activity [4,5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLéo-Pol Rio, Guilhem Conquet, Brigitte Langlois, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Laurence Lachaud, Grégoire Pasquier
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
A 46-year-old French man presented with tracheal itch and a persistent cough in mid-October, one month after returning from a holiday in Costa Rica. After two weeks of symptoms, he expectorated a large fly larva, still alive and mobile at this time, and brought it to a clinical pathology laboratory.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYue, J., Zhao, H., Li, J., Wu, J., Zheng, R.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
ObjectivesTo evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards diagnosing and managing paediatric sepsis among paediatric physicians and nurses. DesignA cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study. Setting21 hospitals in Hubei Province between February 2023 and March 2023. ParticipantsPaediatric physicians and nurses. InterventionsNone. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe questionnaire contained 35 items across four dimensions (demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice). ResultsThe study included 295 participants (173 women). The average knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 10.93±2.61 points (possible range, 0–20 points), 32.22±2.65 points (possible range, 7–35 points) and 36.54±5.24 points (possible range, 9–45 points), respectively. Knowledge had a direct influence on both attitude (β=0.240, 95% CI 0.136 to 0.365, p=0.009) and practice (β=0.278, 95% CI 0.084 to 0.513, p=0.010), which also indirectly influenced practice through attitude (β=0.162, 95% CI 0.078 to 0.290, p=0.007). Attitude directly influenced practice (β=0.677, 95% CI 0.384 to 0.902, p=0.025). A higher attitude score was associated with good practice (OR=1.392; 95% CI 1.231 to 1.576; p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGhaith, A. K., El-Hajj, V. G., Atallah, E., Rios Zermeno, J., Ravindran, K., Gharios, M., Hoang, H., Bydon, M., Ohlsson, M., Elmi-Terander, A., Tawk, R. G., Jabbour, P.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as concomitant COVID-19 itself on stroke care, focusing on middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarctions. DesignRegistry-based study. SettingWe used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, which covers a wide range of hospitals within the USA. ParticipantsThe NIS was queried for patients with MCA strokes between 2016 and 2020. In total, 35 231 patients were included. Outcome measuresOutcome measures were postprocedural complications, length of stays (LOSs), in-hospital mortality and non-routine discharge. Propensity score matching using all available baseline variables was performed to reduce confounders when comparing patients with and without concomitant COVID-19. ResultsMechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed in 48.4%, intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in 38.2%, and both MT and IVT (MT+IVT) in 13.4% of patients. A gradual increase in the use of MT and an opposite decrease in the use of IVT (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTilahun, B. D., Yilak, G., Amena, N., Abate, B. B., Fantahun, A., Deribe, L.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
ObjectiveTo assess the uncertainty associated with parents of preterm infants hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units of selected governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. DesignA cross-sectional study conducted from 3 March 2022 to 30 March 2022. SettingThe research was conducted at a government hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ParticipantsOut of 305 eligible participants, 303 were parents of preterm infants’ participants with complete data. Primary outcome measureLevels of parental uncertainty, assessed by using the Mishel scale of uncertainty. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to assess associations between variables. ResultsThe mean uncertainty expressed by parents was 101.3 (SD=21.12). There were significant associations found with various factors. The sex of the respondent fathers (β=–4.65, 95% CI –9.32 to –0.025), length of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay >10 days (β=14.64, 95% CI 8.71 to 20.56), gestational week between 34 and 37 weeks (β=–7.47, 95% CI –11.42 to –3.52), parents with college degrees and above (β=–14.15, 95% CI –22.94 to –5.34), parents with neonates who were preterm and had neonatal sepsis (β=10.42, 95% CI –17.57 to –3.27), parents without a history of neonatal NICU admission (β=–6.16, 95% CI –11.69 to –0.63) and parents who were housewives (β=6.51, 95% CI 1.83 to 12.19) all showed significant associations. ConclusionFactors like educational status, gestational week, neonatal admission history and NICU stay length contribute to parental uncertainty. Promoting empathy and clear communication is crucial. Hospitals should develop compassionate protocols for information delivery, including regular updates and effective addressing of concerns. Fostering a supportive environment helps parents express emotions and seek support.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBadacho, A. S., Mahomed, O. H.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) are more likely to develop hypertension and diabetes than people without HIV. Previous studies have shown that HIV stigma, discrimination and exclusion make it difficult for PLWH to access care for hypertension and diabetes. ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the lived experiences of PLWH with comorbid hypertension or diabetes to access hypertension and diabetes care in southern Ethiopia. DesignWe conducted a qualitative study using a semistructured interview guide for an in-depth, in-person interview. SettingsFrom 5 August to 25 September 2022, PLWH with comorbid hypertension or diabetes were purposefully selected from five primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in the Wolaita zone of southern Ethiopia. ParticipantsA total of 14 PLWH with comorbid hypertension or diabetes who were receiving antiretroviral therapy from PHC were interviewed. Among them, 10 were women, and 4 were men. MethodsIn-person, in-depth interviews were conducted. Qualitative data analysis software (NVivo V.12) was used to assist with the data organisation, and Colaizzi’s (1978) inductive thematic analyses were conducted to explore key concepts. ResultThis study yielded two main themes: Theme 1: barriers to accessing care as individual barriers to access (low awareness of non-communicable diseases, misperceptions, lack of health insurance and cost of treatment); healthcare system barriers (shortage of supplies, drugs and equipment; long wait times; lack of integrated services; absence of routine screening and lack of respect from providers); community barriers (lack of support from families, friends and the community) and stigma and discrimination access to hypertension and diabetes. Theme 2: accessibility facilitators (support from family, friends and organisations; health insurance coverage). ConclusionPLWH recommended that access to services can be improved by service integration, awareness-raising activities, no user fee charges for hypertension and diabetes care and routine screening.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChevalier, J. M., Han, A. X., Hansen, M. A., Klock, E., Pandithakoralage, H., Ockhuisen, T., Girdwood, S. J., Lekodeba, N. A., de Nooy, A., Khan, S., Johnson, C. C., Sacks, J. A., Jenkins, H. E., Russell, C. A., Nichols, B. E.
BMJ Open, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
ObjectivesTo determine the most epidemiologically effective and cost-effective school-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) self-testing strategies among teachers and students. DesignMathematical modelling and economic evaluation. Setting and participantsSimulated school and community populations were parameterised to Brazil, Georgia and Zambia, with SARS-CoV-2 self-testing strategies targeted to teachers and students in primary and secondary schools under varying epidemic conditions. InterventionsSARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT self-testing strategies for only teachers or teachers and students—only symptomatically or symptomatically and asymptomatically at 5%, 10%, 40% or 100% of schools at varying frequencies. Outcome measuresOutcomes were assessed in terms of total infections and symptomatic days among teachers and students, as well as total infections and deaths within the community under the intervention compared with baseline. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated for infections prevented among teachers and students. ResultsWith respect to both the reduction in infections and total cost, symptomatic testing of all teachers and students appears to be the most cost-effective strategy. Symptomatic testing can prevent up to 69·3%, 64·5% and 75·5% of school infections in Brazil, Georgia and Zambia, respectively, depending on the epidemic conditions, with additional reductions in community infections. ICERs for symptomatic testing range from US$2 to US$19 per additional school infection averted as compared with symptomatic testing of teachers alone. ConclusionsSymptomatic testing of teachers and students has the potential to cost-effectively reduce a substantial number of school and community infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedH. DoréA. R. EisenbergE. N. JunkinsG. E. LeventhalAnakha GaneshO. X. CorderoB. G. PaulD. L. ValentineM. A. O’MalleyE. G. WilbanksaDepartment of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106cDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139dBay Paul Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543eDepartment of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106fMarine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106gDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106hDepartment of Bioengineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWenjing YiMartin ReichardMartin RücklinMichael K. RichardsonaInstitute of Biology, University of Leiden, Sylvius Laboratory, Leiden 2333BE, The NetherlandsbInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno 603 65, Czech RepubliccState Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People’s Republic of ChinadDepartment of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, PolandeFaculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno 611 37, Czech RepublicfVertebrate Evolution, Development and Ecology group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden 2333 CR, The Netherlands
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCaroline D. KeroackBrendan ElsworthJacob A. TennessenAditya S. PaulRenee HuaLuz Ramirez-RamirezSida YeCristina K. MoreiraMarvin J. MeyersKourosh ZarringhalamManoj T. DuraisinghaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115bDepartment of Mathematics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125cCenter for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125dDepartment of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCosima ZimmermannGabrielle M. WatsonLiane BauersfeldRichard BerryBarbara CiblisHuan LanCarolin GerkeValerie OberhardtJonas FuchsMaike HofmannChristian FreundJamie RossjohnFrank MomburgHartmut HengelAnne HaleniusaInstitute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, GermanybInfection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, AustraliacInstitute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, GermanydSpemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyeDepartment of Medicine II, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, GermanyfSystems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United KingdomgAntigen Presentation and T/NK Cell Activation Group, German Cancer Research Center, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric RuhlandMalte SiemersRuman GerstFelix SpäthLaura Nicole VogtMarc Thilo FiggeKai PapenfortKathrin Sophie FröhlichaInstitute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, GermanybCluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, GermanycFaculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, GermanydApplied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology–Hans Knöll Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRasmus IversenLudvig M. SollidaNorwegian Centre for Coeliac Disease Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, NorwaybDepartment of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo 0372, Norway
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid A. PotterZhijun GuoJianxun LeiEmmanuel S. AntonarakisaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Transplantation and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455bMasonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 9, February 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFrancesca Gioia, Laura N Walti, Ani Orchanian-Cheff, Shahid Husain
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
The identified risk factors for CAPA could eventually be addressed with targeted antifungal prophylaxis in patients with severe COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartí Català, Núria Mercadé-Besora, Raivo Kolde, Nhung T H Trinh, Elena Roel, Edward Burn, Trishna Rathod-Mistry, Kristin Kostka, Wai Yi Man, Antonella Delmestri, Hedvig M E Nordeng, Anneli Uusküla, Talita Duarte-Salles, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Annika M Jödicke
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Vaccination against COVID-19 consistently reduced the risk of long COVID symptoms, which highlights the importance of vaccination to prevent persistent COVID-19 symptoms, particularly in adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMark Nieuwenhuijsen, Audrey de Nazelle, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Haneen Khreis, Barbara Hoffmann
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Urban areas carry a large burden of acute (infectious) and chronic respiratory diseases due to environmental conditions such as high levels of air pollution and high population densities. Car-dominated cities often lack walkable areas, which reduces opportunities for physical activity that are fundamentally important for healthy lungs. The already restricted amount of green space available—with often poorly selected plants—could produce pollen and subsequently provoke or worsen allergic diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElias, Christelle; Nunes, Marta C.; Saadatian-Elahi, Mitra
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Purpose of review This review covers updated perspectives on different aspects of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (pCAP), including the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, antibiotic treatment, and existing preventive strategies in older adults. Recent findings pCAP remains the most prevalent condition among lower respiratory tract infections in the older adults according to Global Burden of Diseases 2019. Older adults can display atypical symptoms such as confusion, general clinical deterioration, new onset of and exacerbation of underlying illness that might trigger clinical suspicion of pCAP. Older adults with pCAP often experience increased disease severity and a higher risk of pulmonary complications compared with younger individuals, owing to age-related changes in immunity and a higher prevalence of comorbidities. Vaccination stands fundamental for prevention, emphasizing the need for effective immunization strategies, specifically tailored for older adults. There is a pressing need to reinforce efforts aimed at boosting pneumococcal vaccination rates. Summary Despite a high morbidity and mortality, the burden of pCAP, in particular hospital admission and occurrence of invasive infections, among the elderly population is not sufficiently documented. This review findings emphasize the substantial burden of pCAP in this vulnerable population, driven by factors such as advancing age and underlying comorbidities. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains further complicates treatment decisions and highlights the importance of tailored approaches for managing pCAP in older adults.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCecilia Ferreyra, Laura Moretó-Planas, Fara Wagbo Temessadouno, Beatriz Alonso, Buai Tut, Victoria Achut, Mohamed Eltom, Endashaw M. Aderie, Vicente Descalzo-Jorro
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Cecilia Ferreyra, Laura Moretó-Planas, Fara Wagbo Temessadouno, Beatriz Alonso, Buai Tut, Victoria Achut, Mohamed Eltom, Endashaw M. Aderie, Vicente Descalzo-Jorro
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNolwenn Conan, Cyrus P. Paye, Reinaldo Ortuno, Alexander Chijuwa, Brown Chiwandira, Eric Goemaere, Daniela Belen Garone, Rebecca M. Coulborn, Menard Chihana, David Maman
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Nolwenn Conan, Cyrus P. Paye, Reinaldo Ortuno, Alexander Chijuwa, Brown Chiwandira, Eric Goemaere, Daniela Belen Garone, Rebecca M. Coulborn, Menard Chihana, David Maman
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSk Mohiuddin Choudhury, Roman Sarkar, Rajendra Karki, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury, Roman Sarkar, Rajendra Karki, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti Regulated cell death is a key component of the innate immune response, which provides the first line of defense against infection and homeostatic perturbations. However, cell death can also drive pathogenesis. The most well-defined cell death pathways can be categorized as nonlytic (apoptosis) and lytic (pyroptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis). While specific triggers are known to induce each of these cell death pathways, it is unclear whether all cell types express the cell death proteins required to activate these pathways. Here, we assessed the protein expression and compared the responses of immune and non-immune cells of human and mouse origin to canonical pyroptotic (LPS plus ATP), apoptotic (staurosporine), necroptotic (TNF-α plus z-VAD), and PANoptotic (influenza A virus infection) stimuli. When compared to fibroblasts, both mouse and human innate immune cells, macrophages, expressed higher levels of cell death proteins and activated cell death effectors more robustly, including caspase-1, gasdermins, caspase-8, and RIPKs, in response to specific stimuli. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the cell type when examining the mechanisms regulating inflammation and cell death. Improved understanding of the cell types that contain the machinery to execute different forms of cell death and their link to innate immune responses is critical to identify new strategies to target these pathways in specific cellular populations for the treatment of infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYasuhisa Maruyama, Ryuto Nakamura, Shota Tsuji, Yingli Xuan, Kunio Mizutani, Tsubasa Okaze, Natsue Yoshimura
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Yasuhisa Maruyama, Ryuto Nakamura, Shota Tsuji, Yingli Xuan, Kunio Mizutani, Tsubasa Okaze, Natsue Yoshimura Thermal comfort of humans depends on the surrounding environment and affects their productivity. Several environmental factors, such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind or airflow, and radiation, have considerable influence on the thermal comfort or pleasantness; hence, these are generally controlled by electrical devices. Lately, the development of objective measurement methods for thermal comfort or pleasantness using physiological signals is receiving attention to realize a personalized comfortable environment through the automatic control of electrical devices. In this study, we focused on electroencephalography (EEG) and investigated whether EEG signals contain information related to the pleasantness of ambient airflow reproducing natural wind fluctuations using machine learning methods. In a hot and humid artificial climate chamber, we measured EEG signals while the participants were exposed to airflow at four different velocities. Based on the reported pleasantness levels, we performed within-participant classification from the source activity of the EEG and obtained a classification accuracy higher than the chance level using both linear and nonlinear support vector machine classifiers as well as an artificial neural network. The results of this study showed that EEG is useful in identifying people’s transient pleasantness when exposed to wind.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAriadna Capasso, Mercedes Colomar, Dora Ramírez, Suzanne Serruya, Bremen de Mucio
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Ariadna Capasso, Mercedes Colomar, Dora Ramírez, Suzanne Serruya, Bremen de Mucio Introduction Timely access to maternity care is critical to saving lives. Digital health may serve to bridge the care chasm and advance health equity. Conducted in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, this cross-sectional mixed-methods study assessed the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in healthcare facilities in nine Latin American and Caribbean countries to understand the landscape of ICT use in maternity care and the barriers and facilitators to its adoption. Materials and methods Between April 2021 and September 2022, we disseminated an online survey in English and Spanish among, mainly public, healthcare institutions that provided maternity care in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Paraguay and Peru. We also interviewed 27 administrators and providers in ministries of health and healthcare institutions. Results Most of the 1877 institutions that answered the survey reported using ICTs in maternity care (N = 1536, 82%), ranging from 96% in Peru to 64% in the Dominican Republic. Of institutions that used ICTs, 59% reported using them more than before or for the first time since the pandemic began. ICTs were most commonly used to provide family planning (64%) and breastfeeding (58%) counseling, mainly by phone (82%). At the facility level, availability of equipment and internet coverage, coupled with skilled human resources, were the main factors associated with ICT use. At country level, government-led initiatives to develop digital health platforms, alongside national investments in the digital infrastructure, were the determining factors in the adoption of ICTs in healthcare provision. Conclusion Digital health for maternity care provision relied on commonly available technology and did not necessitate highly sophisticated systems, making it a sustainable and replicable strategy. However, disparities in access to digital health remain and many facilities in rural and remote areas lacked connectivity. Use of ICTs in maternity care depended on countries’ long-term commitments to achieving universal health and digital coverage.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCharanpreet Kaur, Kandala Pavan Asrith, S. G. Ramachandra, Nagendra R. Hegde
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Charanpreet Kaur, Kandala Pavan Asrith, S. G. Ramachandra, Nagendra R. Hegde Subclinical infection of laboratory animals with one or more of several pathogens affects the results of experiments on animals. Monitoring the health of laboratory animals encompasses routine surveillance for pathogens, including several viruses. This study aimed to explore the development of an alternative assay to the existing ones for detecting infection of mice and rats with the parvoviruses minute virus of mice (MVM) and Kilham rat virus (KRV), respectively. Full-length VP2 and NS1 proteins of these parvoviruses, besides fragments containing multiple predicted epitopes stitched together, were studied for serological detection. The optimal dilution of full-length proteins and antigenic regions containing predicted epitopes for coating, test sera, and conjugate was determined using a checkerboard titration at each step. The assays were evaluated vis-à-vis commercially available ELISA kits. The results showed that an engineered fusion of fragments containing multiple predicted MVM VP2 and NS1 epitopes was better than either of the full-length proteins for detecting antibodies in 90% of the tested sera samples. For KRV ELISA, full-length VP2 was better compared to other individual recombinant protein fragments or combinations thereof for the detection of antibodies in sera. This report is the first description of an ELISA for KRV and an improved assay for MVM. Importantly, our assays could be exploited with small volumes of sera. The results also demonstrate the utility of immunoinformatics-driven polypeptide engineering in the development of diagnostic assays and the potential to develop better tests for monitoring the health status of laboratory animals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIevgeniia Ostrov, Yongjia Gong, Joshua B. Zuk, Purni C. K. Wickramasinghe, Irina Tmenova, Diana E. Roopchand, Liping Zhao, Ilya Raskin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Ievgeniia Ostrov, Yongjia Gong, Joshua B. Zuk, Purni C. K. Wickramasinghe, Irina Tmenova, Diana E. Roopchand, Liping Zhao, Ilya Raskin Gut dysbiosis induced by oxygen and reactive oxygen species may be related to the development of inflammation, resulting in metabolic syndrome and associated—conditions in the gut. Here we show that elemental iron can serve as an antioxidant and reverse the oxygen-induced dysbiosis. Fecal samples from three healthy donors were fermented with elemental iron and/or oxygen. 16S rRNA analysis revealed that elemental iron reversed the oxygen-induced disruption of Shannon index diversity of the gut microbiota.The bacteria lacking enzymatic antioxidant systems also increased after iron treatment. Inter-individual differences, which corresponded to iron oxidation patterns, were observed for the tested donors. Gut bacteria responding to oxygen and iron treatments were identified as guilds, among which, Escherichia-Shigella was promoted by oxygen and depressed by elemental iron, while changes in bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Blautia, Eubacterium, Ruminococcaceae, Flavonifractor, Oscillibacter, and Lachnospiraceae were reversed by elemental iron after oxygen treatment. Short-chain fatty acid production was inhibited by oxygen and this effect was partially reversed by elemental iron. These results suggested that elemental iron can regulate the oxygen/ROS state and protect the gut microbiota from oxidative stress.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed