Søgeord (zika) valgt.
15 emner vises.
1
Revealing the microbiome diversity and biocontrol potential of field Aedes ssp.: Implications for disease vector management
Apolinar M. Hernández, Luis D. Alcaraz, Cristóbal Hernández-Álvarez, Miguel F. Romero, Angélica Jara-Servín, Hugo Barajas, Carlos M. . Ramírez, Mariana Peimbert
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
by Apolinar M. Hernández, Luis D. Alcaraz, Cristóbal Hernández-Álvarez, Miguel F. Romero, Angélica Jara-Servín, Hugo Barajas, Carlos M. . Ramírez, Mariana Peimbert The mosquito Aedes spp. holds important relevance for human and animal health, as it serves as a vector for transmitting multiple diseases, including dengue and Zika virus. The microbiome’s impact on its host’s health and fitness is well known. However, most studies on mosquito microbiomes have been conducted in laboratory settings. We explored the mixed microbial communities within Aedes spp., utilizing the 16S rRNA gene for diversity analysis and shotgun metagenomics for functional genomics. Our samples, which included Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, spanned various developmental stages—eggs, larvae, and adults—gathered from five semiurban areas in Mexico. Our findings revealed a substantial diversity of 8,346 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), representing 967 bacterial genera and 126,366 annotated proteins. The host developmental stage was identified as the primary factor associated with variations in the microbiome composition. Subsequently, we searched for genes and species involved in mosquito biocontrol. Wolbachia accounted for 9.6% of the 16S gene sequences. We observed a high diversity (203 OTUs) of Wolbachia strains commonly associated with mosquitoes, such as wAlb, with a noticeable increase in abundance during the adult stages. Notably, we detected the presence of the cifA and cifB genes, which are associated with Wolbachia’s cytoplasmic incompatibility, a biocontrol mechanism. Additionally, we identified 221 OTUs related to Bacillus, including strains linked to B. thuringiensis. Furthermore, we discovered multiple genes encoding insecticidal toxins, such as Cry, Mcf, Vip, and Vpp. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of mosquito microbiome biodiversity and metabolic capabilities, which are essential for developing effective biocontrol strategies against this disease vector.
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2
Central nervous system infections in the tropics
T, Angel Miraclin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Rupali, Priscilla
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Recent findings In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. Summary A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
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3
Prevalence and factors associated with burnout among health professionals of a public hospital network during the COVID-19 pandemic
Patricia Martins, Richardson Warley Siqueira Luzia, Jair Alves Pereira Filho, Kelly Silva Welsh, Cíntia Fuzikawa, Rodrigo Nicolato, Márcia Mascarenhas Alemão, Márcio Augusto Gonçalves, José Carlos Cavalheiro, Ianny Dumont Ávila, Ricardo Teixeira Veiga
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Patricia Martins, Richardson Warley Siqueira Luzia, Jair Alves Pereira Filho, Kelly Silva Welsh, Cíntia Fuzikawa, Rodrigo Nicolato, Márcia Mascarenhas Alemão, Márcio Augusto Gonçalves, José Carlos Cavalheiro, Ianny Dumont Ávila, Ricardo Teixeira Veiga Burnout is most commonly defined as a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and ineffectiveness, which occurs in response to chronic stressors at work. It can adversely affect health workers’ physical and mental health, and the quality of care provided. The COVID-19 pandemic increased stressors and could impact burnout prevalence in this group. There is a lack of information regarding the prevalence of burnout among hospital health workers in Brazil. A newer definition of burnout has been proposed that considers three different clinical profiles: the frenetic, underchallenged and worn-out subtypes. This differentiation could lead to interventions tailored for each subtype. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout, its subtypes, and associated factors in workers of a public hospital network in Brazil, during the pandemic. A total of 143 randomly selected participants answered an online form that included sociodemographic and occupational items, and the Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire, a summarized version. This questionnaire evaluates three burnout dimensions (overload, lack of development, neglect) that can be used to discriminate the three burnout subtypes (frenetic, underchallenged, worn-out, respectively); higher scores indicate higher burnout levels. The prevalence of burnout was high (53.85%), similar to other studies during the pandemic. The most common subtypes were ‘frenetic’ (34.97%), characterized by increased efforts to meet work demands, to the point of neglecting personal needs, and ‘lack of development’ (23.78%), characterized by a sense that work is uninteresting and does not contribute to personal development, and a perfunctory behavior towards tasks. Age was associated with burnout: workers with less than 51 years presented higher levels of burnout. These findings indicate the need for effective interventions to prevent and/or treat burnout. The assessment of burnout subtypes can allow managers to better understand the processes affecting employees, and inform actions to improve workforce health.
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4
Gut microbe blocks dengue and Zika viruses in mosquitoes
Catherine Offord
Science, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
5
Evidence of Ongoing Transmission of Zika Virus in Mérida, Mexico
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 724-730
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6
Historical Hot Spots of Dengue and Zika Viruses to Guide Targeted Vector Control in San Juan, Puerto Rico (2010–2022)
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 731-737
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7
Convergent evolution and targeting of diverse E2 epitopes by human broadly neutralizing antibodies are associated with HCV clearance
Immunity, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Clinton O. Ogega, Nicole E. Skinner, Marta V. Schoenle, Xander E. Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A. Wright, Harry T. Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E. Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, Justin R. Bailey
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8
Unsupervised identification of significant lineages of SARS-CoV-2 through scalable machine learning methods
Roberto CahuantziKatrina A. LythgoeIan HallLorenzo PellisThomas HouseaDepartment of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United KingdombUnited Kingdom Health Security Agency, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United KingdomcDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United KingdomdBig Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United KingdomePandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
9
Assisted reproductive technology treatment failure and the detection of intrauterine HPV through spent embryo transfer media sample
Mingzhu Bai, Di Sun, Jinhui Shu, Dong Wei, Mu Yuan, Zhenya Yuan, Suying Liu, Mei Kang, Zikai Zhang, Xiong Chen, Wenxin Zheng, Youji Feng, Shihua Bao, Zhenbo Zhang, Hong Liao
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
10
Arbovirus impact on mosquito behavior: the jury is still out
Théo Maire, Louis Lambrechts, Felix J.H. Hol
Trends in Parasitology, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Parasites can manipulate host behavior to enhance transmission, but our understanding of arbovirus-induced changes in mosquito behavior is limited. Here, we explore current knowledge on such behavioral alterations in mosquito vectors, focusing on host-seeking and blood-feeding behaviors. Reviewing studies on dengue, Zika, La Crosse, Sindbis, and West Nile viruses in Aedes or Culex mosquitoes reveals subtle yet potentially significant effects. However, assay heterogeneity and limited sample sizes challenge definitive conclusions. To enhance robustness, we propose using deep-learning tools for automated behavior quantification and stress the need for standardized assays. Additionally, conducting longitudinal studies across the extrinsic incubation period and integrating diverse traits into modeling frameworks are crucial for understanding the nuanced implications of arbovirus-induced behavioral changes for virus transmission dynamics.
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11
[Review] Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of cryptococcosis: an initiative of the ECMM and ISHAM in cooperation with the ASM
Christina C Chang, Thomas S Harrison, Tihana A Bicanic, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Tania C Sorrell, Adilia Warris, Ferry Hagen, Andrej Spec, Rita Oladele, Nelesh P Govender, Sharon C Chen, Christopher H Mody, Andreas H Groll, Yee-Chun Chen, Michail S Lionakis, Alexandre Alanio, Elizabeth Castañeda, Jairo Lizarazo, José E Vidal, Takahiro Takazono, Martin Hoenigl, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Rajeev Soman, Li-Ping Zhu, Alexandro Bonifaz, Joseph N Jarvis, Jeremy N Day, Nikolai Klimko, Jon Salmanton-García, Grégory Jouvion, David B Meya, David Lawrence, Sebastian Rahn, Felix Bongomin, Brendan J McMullan, Rosanne Sprute, Tinashe K Nyazika, Justin Beardsley, Fabianne Carlesse, Christopher H Heath, Olusola O Ayanlowo, Olga M Mashedi, Flavio Queiroz-Telles Filho, Mina C Hosseinipour, Atul K Patel, Elvis Temfack, Nina Singh, Oliver A Cornely, David R Boulware, Olivier Lortholary, Peter G Pappas, John R Perfect
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
Cryptococcosis is a major worldwide disseminated invasive fungal infection. Cryptococcosis, particularly in its most lethal manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. The breadth of the clinical cryptococcosis syndromes, the different patient types at-risk and affected, and the vastly disparate resource settings where clinicians practice pose a complex array of challenges. Expert contributors from diverse regions of the world have collated data, reviewed the evidence, and provided insightful guideline recommendations for health practitioners across the globe.
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12
Serotype 3 Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) study protocol: dose ranging and reproducibility in a healthy volunteer population (challenge 3)
Hazenberg, P., Robinson, R. E., Farrar, M., Solorzano, C., Hyder-Wright, A., Liatsikos, K., Brunning, J., Fleet, H., Bettam, A., Howard, A., Kenny-Nyazika, T., Urban, B., Mitsi, E., El Safadi, D., Davies, K., Lesosky, M., Gordon, S. B., Ferreira, D. M., Collins, A. M.
BMJ Open, 10.01.2024
Tilføjet 10.01.2024
IntroductionSince the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal disease rates have declined for many vaccine-type serotypes. However, serotype 3 (SPN3) continues to cause significant disease and is identified in colonisation epidemiological studies as one of the top circulating serotypes in adults in the UK. Consequently, new vaccines that provide greater protection against SPN3 colonisation/carriage are urgently needed. The Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) model is a unique method of determining pneumococcal colonisation rates, understanding acquired immunity, and testing vaccines in a cost-effective manner. To enhance the development of effective pneumococcal vaccines against SPN3, we aim to develop a new relevant and safe SPN3 EHPC model with high attack rates which could be used to test vaccines using small sample size. Methods and analysisThis is a human challenge study to establish a new SPN3 EHPC model, consisting of two parts. In the dose-ranging/safety study, cohorts of 10 healthy participants will be challenged with escalating doses of SPN3. If first challenge does not lead into colonisation, participants will receive a second challenge 2 weeks after. Experimental nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation will be determined using nasal wash sampling. Using the dose that results in ≥50% of participants being colonised, with a high safety profile, we will complete the cohort with another 33 participants to check for reproducibility of the colonisation rate. The primary outcome of this study is to determine the optimal SPN3 dose and inoculation regime to establish the highest rates of NP colonisation in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes include determining density and duration of experimental SPN3 NP colonisation and characterising mucosal and systemic immune responses to SPN3 challenge. Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the NHS Research and Ethics Committee (reference 22/NW/0051). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reports will be made available to participants.
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13
Immunocompetent mouse models revealed that S100A4+ monocytes/macrophages facilitate long-term Zika virus infection in the testes
Wei YangChen ZhangLi-Bo LiuZhan-Zhan BianJia-Tong ChangDong-Ying FanNa GaoPei-Gang WangJing AnDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
14
Neutralizing antibodies evolve to exploit vulnerable sites in the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 and mediate spontaneous clearance of infection
Immunity, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Nicole Frumento, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Harry T. Paul, Georgia Stavrakis, Muhammad N. Zahid, Shuyi Wang, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, George M. Shaw, Andrea L. Cox, Justin R. Bailey
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15
Offspring affected with in utero Zika virus infection retain molecular footprints in the bone marrow and blood cells
Daniel UdenzeIvan TrusSean LipsitScott NapperUladzimir Karniychuka Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadab School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadac Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Polandd Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadae Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadaf Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023