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Søgeord (zika) valgt.
38 emner vises.
Apolinar M. Hernández, Luis D. Alcaraz, Cristóbal Hernández-Álvarez, Miguel F. Romero, Angélica Jara-Servín, Hugo Barajas, Carlos M. . Ramírez, Mariana Peimbert
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
by Apolinar M. Hernández, Luis D. Alcaraz, Cristóbal Hernández-Álvarez, Miguel F. Romero, Angélica Jara-Servín, Hugo Barajas, Carlos M. . Ramírez, Mariana Peimbert The mosquito Aedes spp. holds important relevance for human and animal health, as it serves as a vector for transmitting multiple diseases, including dengue and Zika virus. The microbiome’s impact on its host’s health and fitness is well known. However, most studies on mosquito microbiomes have been conducted in laboratory settings. We explored the mixed microbial communities within Aedes spp., utilizing the 16S rRNA gene for diversity analysis and shotgun metagenomics for functional genomics. Our samples, which included Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, spanned various developmental stages—eggs, larvae, and adults—gathered from five semiurban areas in Mexico. Our findings revealed a substantial diversity of 8,346 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), representing 967 bacterial genera and 126,366 annotated proteins. The host developmental stage was identified as the primary factor associated with variations in the microbiome composition. Subsequently, we searched for genes and species involved in mosquito biocontrol. Wolbachia accounted for 9.6% of the 16S gene sequences. We observed a high diversity (203 OTUs) of Wolbachia strains commonly associated with mosquitoes, such as wAlb, with a noticeable increase in abundance during the adult stages. Notably, we detected the presence of the cifA and cifB genes, which are associated with Wolbachia’s cytoplasmic incompatibility, a biocontrol mechanism. Additionally, we identified 221 OTUs related to Bacillus, including strains linked to B. thuringiensis. Furthermore, we discovered multiple genes encoding insecticidal toxins, such as Cry, Mcf, Vip, and Vpp. Overall, our study contributes to the understanding of mosquito microbiome biodiversity and metabolic capabilities, which are essential for developing effective biocontrol strategies against this disease vector.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedT, Angel Miraclin; Singh, Bhagteshwar; Rupali, Priscilla
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Emerging and re-emerging central nervous system (CNS) infections are a major public health concern in the tropics. The reasons for this are myriad; climate change, rainfall, deforestation, increased vector density combined with poverty, poor sanitation and hygiene. This review focuses on pathogens, which have emerged and re-emerged, with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Recent findings In recent years, multiple acute encephalitis outbreaks have been caused by Nipah virus, which carries a high case fatality. Arboviral infections, predominantly dengue, chikungunya and Zika are re-emerging increasingly especially in urban areas due to changing human habitats, vector behaviour and viral evolution. Scrub typhus, another vector borne disease caused by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi, is being established as a leading cause of CNS infections in the tropics. Summary A syndromic and epidemiological approach to CNS infections in the tropics is essential to plan appropriate diagnostic tests and management. Rapid diagnostic tests facilitate early diagnosis and thus help prompt initiation and focusing of therapy to prevent adverse outcomes. Vector control, cautious urbanization and deforestation, and reducing disturbance of ecosystems can help prevent spread of vector-borne diseases. Regional diagnostic and treatment approaches and specific vaccines are required to avert morbidity and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatricia Martins, Richardson Warley Siqueira Luzia, Jair Alves Pereira Filho, Kelly Silva Welsh, Cíntia Fuzikawa, Rodrigo Nicolato, Márcia Mascarenhas Alemão, Márcio Augusto Gonçalves, José Carlos Cavalheiro, Ianny Dumont Ávila, Ricardo Teixeira Veiga
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Patricia Martins, Richardson Warley Siqueira Luzia, Jair Alves Pereira Filho, Kelly Silva Welsh, Cíntia Fuzikawa, Rodrigo Nicolato, Márcia Mascarenhas Alemão, Márcio Augusto Gonçalves, José Carlos Cavalheiro, Ianny Dumont Ávila, Ricardo Teixeira Veiga Burnout is most commonly defined as a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and ineffectiveness, which occurs in response to chronic stressors at work. It can adversely affect health workers’ physical and mental health, and the quality of care provided. The COVID-19 pandemic increased stressors and could impact burnout prevalence in this group. There is a lack of information regarding the prevalence of burnout among hospital health workers in Brazil. A newer definition of burnout has been proposed that considers three different clinical profiles: the frenetic, underchallenged and worn-out subtypes. This differentiation could lead to interventions tailored for each subtype. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of burnout, its subtypes, and associated factors in workers of a public hospital network in Brazil, during the pandemic. A total of 143 randomly selected participants answered an online form that included sociodemographic and occupational items, and the Burnout Clinical Subtypes Questionnaire, a summarized version. This questionnaire evaluates three burnout dimensions (overload, lack of development, neglect) that can be used to discriminate the three burnout subtypes (frenetic, underchallenged, worn-out, respectively); higher scores indicate higher burnout levels. The prevalence of burnout was high (53.85%), similar to other studies during the pandemic. The most common subtypes were ‘frenetic’ (34.97%), characterized by increased efforts to meet work demands, to the point of neglecting personal needs, and ‘lack of development’ (23.78%), characterized by a sense that work is uninteresting and does not contribute to personal development, and a perfunctory behavior towards tasks. Age was associated with burnout: workers with less than 51 years presented higher levels of burnout. These findings indicate the need for effective interventions to prevent and/or treat burnout. The assessment of burnout subtypes can allow managers to better understand the processes affecting employees, and inform actions to improve workforce health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCatherine Offord
Science, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 724-730
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 4 Pages: 731-737
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Clinton O. Ogega, Nicole E. Skinner, Marta V. Schoenle, Xander E. Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A. Wright, Harry T. Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E. Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, Justin R. Bailey
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRoberto CahuantziKatrina A. LythgoeIan HallLorenzo PellisThomas HouseaDepartment of Mathematics, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United KingdombUnited Kingdom Health Security Agency, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United KingdomcDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, United KingdomdBig Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United KingdomePandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 12, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMingzhu Bai, Di Sun, Jinhui Shu, Dong Wei, Mu Yuan, Zhenya Yuan, Suying Liu, Mei Kang, Zikai Zhang, Xiong Chen, Wenxin Zheng, Youji Feng, Shihua Bao, Zhenbo Zhang, Hong Liao
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Théo Maire, Louis Lambrechts, Felix J.H. Hol
Trends in Parasitology, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Parasites can manipulate host behavior to enhance transmission, but our understanding of arbovirus-induced changes in mosquito behavior is limited. Here, we explore current knowledge on such behavioral alterations in mosquito vectors, focusing on host-seeking and blood-feeding behaviors. Reviewing studies on dengue, Zika, La Crosse, Sindbis, and West Nile viruses in Aedes or Culex mosquitoes reveals subtle yet potentially significant effects. However, assay heterogeneity and limited sample sizes challenge definitive conclusions. To enhance robustness, we propose using deep-learning tools for automated behavior quantification and stress the need for standardized assays. Additionally, conducting longitudinal studies across the extrinsic incubation period and integrating diverse traits into modeling frameworks are crucial for understanding the nuanced implications of arbovirus-induced behavioral changes for virus transmission dynamics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristina C Chang, Thomas S Harrison, Tihana A Bicanic, Methee Chayakulkeeree, Tania C Sorrell, Adilia Warris, Ferry Hagen, Andrej Spec, Rita Oladele, Nelesh P Govender, Sharon C Chen, Christopher H Mody, Andreas H Groll, Yee-Chun Chen, Michail S Lionakis, Alexandre Alanio, Elizabeth Castañeda, Jairo Lizarazo, José E Vidal, Takahiro Takazono, Martin Hoenigl, Jan-Willem Alffenaar, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Rajeev Soman, Li-Ping Zhu, Alexandro Bonifaz, Joseph N Jarvis, Jeremy N Day, Nikolai Klimko, Jon Salmanton-García, Grégory Jouvion, David B Meya, David Lawrence, Sebastian Rahn, Felix Bongomin, Brendan J McMullan, Rosanne Sprute, Tinashe K Nyazika, Justin Beardsley, Fabianne Carlesse, Christopher H Heath, Olusola O Ayanlowo, Olga M Mashedi, Flavio Queiroz-Telles Filho, Mina C Hosseinipour, Atul K Patel, Elvis Temfack, Nina Singh, Oliver A Cornely, David R Boulware, Olivier Lortholary, Peter G Pappas, John R Perfect
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 10.02.2024
Tilføjet 10.02.2024
Cryptococcosis is a major worldwide disseminated invasive fungal infection. Cryptococcosis, particularly in its most lethal manifestation of cryptococcal meningitis, accounts for substantial mortality and morbidity. The breadth of the clinical cryptococcosis syndromes, the different patient types at-risk and affected, and the vastly disparate resource settings where clinicians practice pose a complex array of challenges. Expert contributors from diverse regions of the world have collated data, reviewed the evidence, and provided insightful guideline recommendations for health practitioners across the globe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHazenberg, P., Robinson, R. E., Farrar, M., Solorzano, C., Hyder-Wright, A., Liatsikos, K., Brunning, J., Fleet, H., Bettam, A., Howard, A., Kenny-Nyazika, T., Urban, B., Mitsi, E., El Safadi, D., Davies, K., Lesosky, M., Gordon, S. B., Ferreira, D. M., Collins, A. M.
BMJ Open, 10.01.2024
Tilføjet 10.01.2024
IntroductionSince the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, pneumococcal disease rates have declined for many vaccine-type serotypes. However, serotype 3 (SPN3) continues to cause significant disease and is identified in colonisation epidemiological studies as one of the top circulating serotypes in adults in the UK. Consequently, new vaccines that provide greater protection against SPN3 colonisation/carriage are urgently needed. The Experimental Human Pneumococcal Challenge (EHPC) model is a unique method of determining pneumococcal colonisation rates, understanding acquired immunity, and testing vaccines in a cost-effective manner. To enhance the development of effective pneumococcal vaccines against SPN3, we aim to develop a new relevant and safe SPN3 EHPC model with high attack rates which could be used to test vaccines using small sample size. Methods and analysisThis is a human challenge study to establish a new SPN3 EHPC model, consisting of two parts. In the dose-ranging/safety study, cohorts of 10 healthy participants will be challenged with escalating doses of SPN3. If first challenge does not lead into colonisation, participants will receive a second challenge 2 weeks after. Experimental nasopharyngeal (NP) colonisation will be determined using nasal wash sampling. Using the dose that results in ≥50% of participants being colonised, with a high safety profile, we will complete the cohort with another 33 participants to check for reproducibility of the colonisation rate. The primary outcome of this study is to determine the optimal SPN3 dose and inoculation regime to establish the highest rates of NP colonisation in healthy adults. Secondary outcomes include determining density and duration of experimental SPN3 NP colonisation and characterising mucosal and systemic immune responses to SPN3 challenge. Ethics and disseminationThis study is approved by the NHS Research and Ethics Committee (reference 22/NW/0051). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and reports will be made available to participants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWei YangChen ZhangLi-Bo LiuZhan-Zhan BianJia-Tong ChangDong-Ying FanNa GaoPei-Gang WangJing AnDepartment of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 8.01.2024
Tilføjet 8.01.2024
Immunity, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Nicole Frumento, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Harry T. Paul, Georgia Stavrakis, Muhammad N. Zahid, Shuyi Wang, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, George M. Shaw, Andrea L. Cox, Justin R. Bailey
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel UdenzeIvan TrusSean LipsitScott NapperUladzimir Karniychuka Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadab School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadac Dioscuri Centre for RNA-Protein Interactions in Human Health and Disease, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Polandd Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadae Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canadaf Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 30.12.2023
Tilføjet 30.12.2023
Angella M. George, Rashid Ansumana, Dziedzom K. de Souza, Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas, Alimuddin Zumla, Moses J Bockarie
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 13.12.2023
Tilføjet 13.12.2023
As the world experiences warmer weather, heat waves and flooding, the climate change is leading to the geographical expansion of mosquitos, which are known vectors of a range of infectious diseases like dengue, malaria, chikungunya, yellow fever, rift valley fever, West Nile fever, Japanese encephalitis and Zika which affect millions of people worldwide (1). Climate change now threatens the spread of vector-borne diseases to previously low-risk areas in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas (2-7) According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an additional 250,000 deaths per year will occur in the next decades as a result of malnutrition, heat stress and vector-borne diseases (8).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWilliams, Paige L.; Karalius, Brad; Patel, Kunjal; Aschengrau, Ann; Chakhtoura, Nahida; Enriquez, Naomi; Moye, Jack; Garvie, Patricia A.; Monte, Dina; Seage, George R. III; Zorrilla, Carmen; Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa M.
AIDS, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
Objective: :To evaluate effects of maternal HIV and antiretroviral treatment (ART) on intrauterine fetal growth. Design: :Prospective cohort studies of HIV and ZIKA infection among women living with HIV (WLHIV) and women not living with HIV (WNLHIV) conducted in Brazil and the US from 2016-2020. Methods: :We evaluated fetal growth via repeated ultrasounds and calculated Z-scores for fetal growth measures using Intergrowth-21st standards among women with singleton pregnancies. Adjusted linear mixed models were fit for each fetal growth Z-score by HIV status. Among WLHIV, we compared fetal growth Z-scores by the most common maternal ART regimens, stratified by timing of ART initiation. Results: :We included 166 WLHIV and 705 WNLHIV; none had Zika infection. Z-scores were similar for WLHIV and WNLHIV for femur length (latest 3rd trimester median = 1.08) and estimated fetal weight (median≈0.60); adjusted mean differences in fetal weight Z-scores by HIV status were
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShih-Che Weng, Reem A. Masri, Omar S. Akbari
Trends in Parasitology, 24.11.2023
Tilføjet 24.11.2023
Mosquito-borne illnesses represent a significant global health peril, resulting in approximately one million fatalities annually. West Nile, dengue, Zika, and malaria are continuously expanding their global reach, driven by factors that escalate mosquito populations and pathogen transmission. Innovative control measures are imperative to combat these catastrophic ailments. Conventional approaches, such as eliminating breeding sites and using insecticides, have been helpful, but they face challenges such as insecticide resistance and environmental harm. Given the mounting severity of mosquito-borne diseases, there is promise in exploring innovative approaches using synthetic biology to bolster mosquitoes\' resistance to pathogens, or even eliminate the mosquito vectors, as a means of control. This review outlines current strategies, future goals, and the importance of gene editing for global health defenses against mosquito-borne diseases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChuan XuAnnie WangLaith EbrahamLiam SullivanCarley TaskerVanessa PizutelliJennifer CouretCyril HernandezPriyanka KolliPratik Q DebLuke FritzkySelvakumar SubbianNan GaoYungtai LoMirella SalvatoreAmariliz RiveraAlexander LemenzePatricia Fitzgerald-BocarslySanjay TyagiWuyuan LuAimee BeaulieuTheresa L Chang, Victor Nizet
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 17.11.2023
Tilføjet 17.11.2023
BMC Infectious Diseases, 21.10.2023
Tilføjet 21.10.2023
Abstract Background Aedes (Stegomyia)-borne diseases are an expanding global threat, but gaps in surveillance make comprehensive and comparable risk assessments challenging. Geostatistical models combine data from multiple locations and use links with environmental and socioeconomic factors to make predictive risk maps. Here we systematically review past approaches to map risk for different Aedes-borne arboviruses from local to global scales, identifying differences and similarities in the data types, covariates, and modelling approaches used. Methods We searched on-line databases for predictive risk mapping studies for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever with no geographical or date restrictions. We included studies that needed to parameterise or fit their model to real-world epidemiological data and make predictions to new spatial locations of some measure of population-level risk of viral transmission (e.g. incidence, occurrence, suitability, etc.). Results We found a growing number of arbovirus risk mapping studies across all endemic regions and arboviral diseases, with a total of 176 papers published 2002–2022 with the largest increases shortly following major epidemics. Three dominant use cases emerged: (i) global maps to identify limits of transmission, estimate burden and assess impacts of future global change, (ii) regional models used to predict the spread of major epidemics between countries and (iii) national and sub-national models that use local datasets to better understand transmission dynamics to improve outbreak detection and response. Temperature and rainfall were the most popular choice of covariates (included in 50% and 40% of studies respectively) but variables such as human mobility are increasingly being included. Surprisingly, few studies (22%, 31/144) robustly tested combinations of covariates from different domains (e.g. climatic, sociodemographic, ecological, etc.) and only 49% of studies assessed predictive performance via out-of-sample validation procedures. Conclusions Here we show that approaches to map risk for different arboviruses have diversified in response to changing use cases, epidemiology and data availability. We identify key differences in mapping approaches between different arboviral diseases, discuss future research needs and outline specific recommendations for future arbovirus mapping.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.10.2023
Tilføjet 20.10.2023
Abstract Background Aedes (Stegomyia)-borne diseases are an expanding global threat, but gaps in surveillance make comprehensive and comparable risk assessments challenging. Geostatistical models combine data from multiple locations and use links with environmental and socioeconomic factors to make predictive risk maps. Here we systematically review past approaches to map risk for different Aedes-borne arboviruses from local to global scales, identifying differences and similarities in the data types, covariates, and modelling approaches used. Methods We searched on-line databases for predictive risk mapping studies for dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever with no geographical or date restrictions. We included studies that needed to parameterise or fit their model to real-world epidemiological data and make predictions to new spatial locations of some measure of population-level risk of viral transmission (e.g. incidence, occurrence, suitability, etc.). Results We found a growing number of arbovirus risk mapping studies across all endemic regions and arboviral diseases, with a total of 176 papers published 2002–2022 with the largest increases shortly following major epidemics. Three dominant use cases emerged: (i) global maps to identify limits of transmission, estimate burden and assess impacts of future global change, (ii) regional models used to predict the spread of major epidemics between countries and (iii) national and sub-national models that use local datasets to better understand transmission dynamics to improve outbreak detection and response. Temperature and rainfall were the most popular choice of covariates (included in 50% and 40% of studies respectively) but variables such as human mobility are increasingly being included. Surprisingly, few studies (22%, 31/144) robustly tested combinations of covariates from different domains (e.g. climatic, sociodemographic, ecological, etc.) and only 49% of studies assessed predictive performance via out-of-sample validation procedures. Conclusions Here we show that approaches to map risk for different arboviruses have diversified in response to changing use cases, epidemiology and data availability. We identify key differences in mapping approaches between different arboviral diseases, discuss future research needs and outline specific recommendations for future arbovirus mapping.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJanejira Jaratsittisin, Wannapa Sornjai, Thanathom Chailangkarn, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Duncan R. Smith
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2023
Tilføjet 17.10.2023
by Janejira Jaratsittisin, Wannapa Sornjai, Thanathom Chailangkarn, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Duncan R. Smith Vitamin D has been shown to have antiviral activity in a number of different systems. However, few studies have investigated whether the antiviral activity is exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, we investigated whether the antiviral activity of a vitamin D receptor agonist (EB1089) towards dengue virus (DENV) was modulated by VDR. To undertake this, VDR was successively overexpressed, knocked down and retargeted through mutation of the nuclear localization signal. In no case was an effect seen on the level of the antiviral activity induced by EB1089, strongly indicating that the antiviral activity of EB1089 is not exerted through VDR. To further explore the antiviral activity of EB1089 in a more biologically relevant system, human neural progenitor cells were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, and infected with Zika virus (ZIKV). EB1089 exerted a significant antiviral effect, reducing virus titers by some 2Log10. In support of the results seen with DENV, no expression of VDR at the protein level was observed. Collectively, these results show that the vitamin D receptor agonist EB1089 exerts its antiviral activity independently of VDR.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJanejira Jaratsittisin, Wannapa Sornjai, Thanathom Chailangkarn, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Duncan R. Smith
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2023
Tilføjet 17.10.2023
by Janejira Jaratsittisin, Wannapa Sornjai, Thanathom Chailangkarn, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Duncan R. Smith Vitamin D has been shown to have antiviral activity in a number of different systems. However, few studies have investigated whether the antiviral activity is exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, we investigated whether the antiviral activity of a vitamin D receptor agonist (EB1089) towards dengue virus (DENV) was modulated by VDR. To undertake this, VDR was successively overexpressed, knocked down and retargeted through mutation of the nuclear localization signal. In no case was an effect seen on the level of the antiviral activity induced by EB1089, strongly indicating that the antiviral activity of EB1089 is not exerted through VDR. To further explore the antiviral activity of EB1089 in a more biologically relevant system, human neural progenitor cells were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, and infected with Zika virus (ZIKV). EB1089 exerted a significant antiviral effect, reducing virus titers by some 2Log10. In support of the results seen with DENV, no expression of VDR at the protein level was observed. Collectively, these results show that the vitamin D receptor agonist EB1089 exerts its antiviral activity independently of VDR.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJanejira Jaratsittisin, Wannapa Sornjai, Thanathom Chailangkarn, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Duncan R. Smith
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.10.2023
Tilføjet 17.10.2023
by Janejira Jaratsittisin, Wannapa Sornjai, Thanathom Chailangkarn, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Duncan R. Smith Vitamin D has been shown to have antiviral activity in a number of different systems. However, few studies have investigated whether the antiviral activity is exerted through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this study, we investigated whether the antiviral activity of a vitamin D receptor agonist (EB1089) towards dengue virus (DENV) was modulated by VDR. To undertake this, VDR was successively overexpressed, knocked down and retargeted through mutation of the nuclear localization signal. In no case was an effect seen on the level of the antiviral activity induced by EB1089, strongly indicating that the antiviral activity of EB1089 is not exerted through VDR. To further explore the antiviral activity of EB1089 in a more biologically relevant system, human neural progenitor cells were differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells, and infected with Zika virus (ZIKV). EB1089 exerted a significant antiviral effect, reducing virus titers by some 2Log10. In support of the results seen with DENV, no expression of VDR at the protein level was observed. Collectively, these results show that the vitamin D receptor agonist EB1089 exerts its antiviral activity independently of VDR.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHelen Hill, Elena Mitsi, Elissavet Nikolaou, Annie Blizard, Sherin Pojar, Ashleigh Howard, Angela Hyder-Wright, Jack Devin, Jesus Reiné, Ryan Robinson, Carla Solórzano, Simon P. Jochems, Tinashe Kenny-Nyazika, Elisa Ramos-Sevillano, Caroline M. Weight, Chris Myerscough, Daniella McLenaghan, Ben Morton, Emily Gibbons, Madlen Farrar, Victoria Randles, Hassan Burhan, Tao Chen, Adam D. Shandling, Joe J. Campo, Robert S. Heyderman, Stephen B. Gordon, Jeremy S. Brown, Andrea M. Collins, Daniela M. Ferreira
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 13.10.2023
Tilføjet 13.10.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 208, Issue 8, Page 868-878, October 15, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVictor Hugo Aquino, Marcilio J. Fumagalli, Angélica Silva, Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini, Alejandra Rojas, Yvalena Guillen, Cynthia Bernal, Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.10.2023
Tilføjet 4.10.2023
by Victor Hugo Aquino, Marcilio J. Fumagalli, Angélica Silva, Bento Vidal de Moura Negrini, Alejandra Rojas, Yvalena Guillen, Cynthia Bernal, Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo The arrival of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in dengue virus (DENV)-endemic areas has posed challenges for both differential diagnosis and vaccine development. Peptides have shown promise in addressing these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the linear epitope profile recognized by serum samples from dengue and Zika patients in the E and NS1 proteins of DENV and ZIKV. This cross-sectional study included individuals of all ages with laboratory-confirmed DENV and ZIKV infections, who were selected through convenience sampling. The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients detected epitopes evenly distributed across the viral proteins in a peptide microarray platform. However, several epitopes were located within “epitope hotspots”, characterized by clusters of peptides recognized in more than 30% of the sub-arrays analyzed using individual or pooled serum samples. The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients showed a high level of cross-reactivity with peptides in the DENV and ZIKV proteins. Analysis using an additional peptide microarray platform, which contained peptides selected based on the results of the initial screening, revealed that two DENV and one ZIKV peptide, highly specific to their related viruses, were located within the epitope hotspots; however, they presented low detection rates (32.5, 35.0, and 28.6%, respectively). In addition, two DENV peptides detected at similarly high rates by both dengue and Zika patients were also found within the epitope hotspots. These hotspots contain several immunodominant epitopes that are recognized by a larger number of individuals when compared to 15-amino acid (aa) sequence peptides. Thus, epitope hotspots may have greater potential to serve as antigens in diagnostic tests and vaccine development than peptides composed of only 15 amino acids.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLise Alves
Lancet, 22.09.2023
Tilføjet 22.09.2023
The COVID-19 pandemic halted research and support for many thousands of children affected by the spread of Zika virus in Brazil. Lise Alves reports from São Paulo.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRomero-Leiton, J. P., Acharya, K. R., Parmley, J. E., Arino, J., Nasri, B.
BMJ Open, 20.09.2023
Tilføjet 20.09.2023
IntroductionAedes mosquitoes are the primary vectors for the spread of viruses like dengue (DENV), zika (ZIKV) and chikungunya (CHIKV), all of which affect humans. Those diseases contribute to global public health issues because of their great dispersion in rural and urban areas. Mathematical and statistical models have become helpful in understanding these diseases’ epidemiological dynamics. However, modelling the complexity of a real phenomenon, such as a viral disease, should consider several factors. This scoping review aims to document, identify and classify the most important factors as well as the modelling strategies for the spread of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV. Methods and analysisWe will conduct searches in electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed, MathSciNet and the Web of Science for full-text peer-reviewed articles written in English, French and Spanish. These articles should use mathematical and statistical modelling frameworks to study dengue, zika and chikungunya, and their cocirculation/coinfection with other diseases, with a publication date between 1 January 2011 and 31 July 2023. Eligible studies should employ deterministic, stochastic or statistical modelling approaches, consider control measures and incorporate parameters’ estimation or considering calibration/validation approaches. We will exclude articles focusing on clinical/laboratory experiments or theoretical articles that do not include any case study. Two reviewers specialised in zoonotic diseases and mathematical/statistical modelling will independently screen and retain relevant studies. Data extraction will be performed using a structured form, and the findings of the study will be summarised through classification and descriptive analysis. Three scoping reviews will be published, each focusing on one disease and its cocirculation/co-infection with other diseases. Ethics and disseminationThis protocol is exempt from ethics approval because it is carried out on published manuscripts and without the participation of humans and/or animals. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and presentations in conferences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFortin, Olivier; Mulkey, Sarah B.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 15.09.2023
Tilføjet 15.09.2023
Purpose of review Congenital infections are a major cause of childhood multidomain neurodevelopmental disabilities. They contribute to a range of structural brain abnormalities that can cause severe neurodevelopmental impairment, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and neurosensory impairments. New congenital infections and global viral pandemics have emerged, with some affecting the developing brain and causing neurodevelopmental concerns. This review aims to provide current understanding of fetal infections and their impact on neurodevelopment. Recent findings There are a growing list of congenital infections causing neurodevelopmental issues, including cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, syphilis, rubella, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and toxoplasmosis. Fetal exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 may also pose risk to the developing brain and impact neurodevelopmental outcomes, although studies have conflicting results. As Zika virus was a recently identified congenital infection, there are several new reports on child neurodevelopment in the Caribbean and Central and South America. For many congenital infections, children with in-utero exposure, even if asymptomatic at birth, may have neurodevelopmental concerns manifest over time. Summary Congenital infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with neurodevelopmental impairments. Detailed pregnancy history, exposure risk, and testing should guide diagnosis and multidisciplinary evaluation. Children with congenital infections should have long-term follow-up to assess for neurodevelopmental delays and other neurosensory impairments. Children with confirmed delays or high-risk should be referred for rehabilitation therapies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTamara Carvalho, Marcela Guimarães Landim, Maria Letícia Duarte Lima, Cíntia Bittar, Beatriz Carvalho de Araújo Oliveira Faria, Paula Rahal, Milena Campelo Freitas de Lima, Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior, Graziella Anselmo Joanitti, Marilia Freitas Calmon
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.09.2023
Tilføjet 7.09.2023
by Tamara Carvalho, Marcela Guimarães Landim, Maria Letícia Duarte Lima, Cíntia Bittar, Beatriz Carvalho de Araújo Oliveira Faria, Paula Rahal, Milena Campelo Freitas de Lima, Valdir Florêncio da Veiga Junior, Graziella Anselmo Joanitti, Marilia Freitas Calmon Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread all over the world since its major outbreak in 2015. This infection has been recognized as a major global health issue due to the neurological complications related to ZIKV infection, such as Guillain–Barré Syndrome and Zika virus Congenital Syndrome. Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments for ZIKV infection, which makes the development of specific therapies for its treatment very important. Several studies have been developed to analyze the potential of compounds against ZIKV, with the aim of finding new promising treatments. Herein, we evaluate the ability of a copaiba (Copaifera officinalis) oil nanoemulsion (CNE) to inhibit ZIKV. First, the highest non-cytotoxic concentration of 180 μg/mL was chosen since this concentration maintains 80% cell viability up to 96h after treatment with CNE in VERO cells resulted from MTT assay. The intracellular uptake assay was performed, and confirmed the internalization of the nanoemulsion in cells at all times analyzed. VERO cells were infected with ZIKV and simultaneously treated with CNE and the nanoformulation without oil (ENE) at the highest non-toxic concentration. The results evaluated by plaque assay revealed a viral inhibition of 80% for CNE and 70% for ENE. A dose-dependence assay revealed that the CNE treatment demonstrated a dose-dependent response in the viral RNA levels, whereas all ENE tested concentrations exhibited a similar degree of reduction. Taken together, our results suggest CNE as a promising nano-sized platform to be further studied for antiviral treatments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDingase Dula, Ben Morton, Tarsizio Chikaonda, Anthony E Chirwa, Edna Nsomba, Vitumbiko Nkhoma, Clara Ngoliwa, Simon Sichone, Bridgette Galafa, Godwin Tembo, Mphatso Chaponda, Neema Toto, Raphael Kamng'ona, Lumbani Makhaza, Alfred Muyaya, Faith Thole, Evaristar Kudowa, Ashleigh Howard, Tinashe Kenny-Nyazika, John Ndaferankhande, Christopher Mkandawire, Gift Chiwala, Lorensio Chimgoneko, Ndaziona P K Banda, Jamie Rylance, Daniela Ferreira, Kondwani Jambo, Marc Y R Henrion, Stephen B Gordon, Malawi Accelerated Research in Vaccines, Experimental and Laboratory Systems (MARVELS) consortium
The Lancet Microbe, 31.08.2023
Tilføjet 31.08.2023
This is, to our knowledge, the first human challenge study to test the efficacy of a pneumococcal vaccine against pneumococcal carriage in Africa, which can now be used to establish vaccine-induced correlates of protection and compare alternative strategies to prevent pneumococcal carriage. This powerful tool could lead to new means to enhance reduction in pneumococcal carriage after vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPirom Noisumdaeng, Worawat Dangsagul, Kantima Sangsiriwut, Jarunee Prasertsopon, Don Changsom, Sutee Yoksan, Pravech Ajawatanawong, Rome Buathong, Pilaipan Puthavathana
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.08.2023
Tilføjet 30.08.2023
Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered by virus isolation from a sentinel monkey in the Zika forest in Uganda in 1947 [1,2]. Subsequently, the virus was isolated from Aedes mosquitoes in Uganda in 1948 [1,2] and from a man in Nigeria in 1954 [2,3]. The first reliable evidence of the existence of ZIKV in Asia was the GenBank sequencing data of the ZIKV originating from a pool of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Malaysia in 1966 [4]. Nevertheless, ZIKV probably emerged in Uganda around 1920 (most likely between 1892 and 1943) and spread to Malaysia around 1945 [5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Arboviral infections are fast becoming a global public health concern as a result of its high fatality rate and sporadic spread. From the outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas, the endemicity of Yellow fever in West Africa and South America, outbreaks of West Nile virus in South Africa to the year-round and national risk of Dengue fever in Mainland China and India. The war against emerging and re-emerging viral infection could probably lead to the next pandemic. To be above the pending possible arboviral pandemic, consistent surveillance of these pathogens is necessary in every society. This study was aimed at conducting a surveillance for Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus and Rift Valley fever virus in four states in Nigeria using molecular techniques. A cross-sectional study involving 1600 blood samples collected from febrile patients in Lagos, Kwara, Ondo and Delta States between 2018 and 2021 was conducted using Real time polymerase chain reaction for detection of the pathogens. Extraction and purification of viral RNA were done using Qiagen Viral RNA Mini Kit. Samples were analyzed using One Step PrimeScript III RT-PCR mix (Takara Bio) alongside optimized primers and probes designed in-house. Positive samples were sequenced on MinION platform (Nanopore technologies). Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis were performed with DNASTAR Lasergene 17.3. All the RNA extracted from samples collected from the four states were negative for ZIKV RNA, RVFV RNA, CHIKV RNA and DENV RNA. However, twelve of the samples (2%) tested positive for YFV RNA. Three full genomes of sizes 10,751 bp, 10,500 bp and 10,715 bp were generated and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers: ON323052, ON323053 and ON323054 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows clustering within lineage 3 of West African genotype. This result shows an active spread of Yellow fever in Delta State, Nigeria. However, there is no emergence of a new genotype There is a need for an intense surveillance of Yellow fever virus in Nigeria to avert a major outbreak.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 11.08.2023
Tilføjet 11.08.2023
AbstractZika virus has been circulating in Thailand since 2002 through continuous but likely low-level circulation. Here, we describe an infection in a pregnant woman who travelled to Thailand and South America during her pregnancy. By combining phylogenetic analysis with the patient’s travel history and her pregnancy timeline, we confirmed that she likely got infected in Thailand at the end of the year 2021. This imported case of microcephaly highlights that ZIKV circulation in the country still constitutes a health risk, even in a year of lower incidence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShanchita Ghosh, Teddy Salan, Jessica Riotti, Amrutha Ramachandran, Ivan A. Gonzalez, Emmalee S. Bandstra, Fiama L. Reyes, Samita S. Andreansky, Varan Govind, Gaurav Saigal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.07.2023
Tilføjet 29.07.2023
by Shanchita Ghosh, Teddy Salan, Jessica Riotti, Amrutha Ramachandran, Ivan A. Gonzalez, Emmalee S. Bandstra, Fiama L. Reyes, Samita S. Andreansky, Varan Govind, Gaurav Saigal Background Infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) are known to exhibit characteristic brain abnormalities. However, the brain anatomy of Zika virus (ZIKV)-exposed infants, born to ZIKV-positive pregnant mothers, who have normal-appearing head characteristics at birth, has not been evaluated in detail. The aim of this prospective study is, therefore, to compare the cortical and subcortical brain structural volume measures of ZIKV-exposed normocephalic infants to age-matched healthy controls. Methods and findings We acquired T2-MRI of the whole brain of 18 ZIKV-exposed infants and 8 normal controls on a 3T MRI scanner. The MR images were auto-segmented into eight tissue types and anatomical regions including the white matter, cortical grey matter, deep nuclear grey matter, corticospinal fluid, amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem. We determined the volumes of these regions and calculated the total intracranial volume (TICV) and head circumference (HC). We compared these measurements between the two groups, controlling for infant age at scan, by first comparing results for all subjects in each group and secondly performing a subgroup analysis for subjects below 8 weeks of postnatal age at scan. ZIKV-exposed infants demonstrated a significant decrease in amygdala volume compared to the control group in both the group and subgroup comparisons (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnastasia Papadopoulou, George Karavalakis, Efthymia Papadopoulou, Aliki Xochelli, Zoi Bousiou, Anastasios Vogiatzoglou, Penelope-Georgia Papayanni, Aphrodite Georgakopoulou, Maria Giannaki, Fani Stavridou, Ioanna Vallianou, Maria Kammenou, Evangelia Varsamoudi, Vasiliki Papadimitriou, Chrysavgi Giannaki, Maria Sileli, Zoi Stergiouda, Garyfallia Stefanou, Georgia Kourlaba, George Gounelas, Maria Triantafyllidou, Eleni Siotou, Antonia Karaglani, Eleni Zotou, Georgia Chatzika, Anna Boukla, Apostolia Papalexandri, Maria-Georgia Koutra, Dimitra Apostolou, Georgia Pitsiou, Petros Morfesis, Michalis Doumas, Theodoros Κarampatakis, Nikolaos Kapravelos, Militsa Bitzani, Maria Theodorakopoulou, Eva Serasli, Grigorios Georgolopoulos, Ioanna Sakellari, Asimina Fylaktou, Stavros Tryfon, Achilles Anagnostopoulos, Evangelia Yannaki
Nature, 17.07.2023
Tilføjet 17.07.2023
Peiwen Zhou, Zizhao Lao, Haishan Long, Pan Pan, Feng Liao, Wenjiang Zheng, Zonghui Li, Jianfeng Dai, Helu Liu, Yong Jiang, Xiaohong Liu, Wenbiao Wang, Jianguo Wu, Geng Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 7.07.2023
Tilføjet 7.07.2023
Anna S. Jaeger, Chelsea M. Crooks, Andrea M. Weiler, Mason I. Bliss, Sierra Rybarczyk, Alex Richardson, Morgan Einwalter, Eric Peterson, Saverio Capuano, Alison Barkhymer, Jordan T. Becker, Joseph T. Greene, Tanya S. Freedman, Ryan A. Langlois, Thomas C. Friedrich, Matthew T. Aliota
Science Advances, 1.07.2023
Tilføjet 1.07.2023