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Søgeord (corona) valgt.
47 emner vises.
Martin Martinot
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Since the beginning of the 21st century, in addition to the classical seasonal epidemics (influenza and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]), many new airborne viral pandemics have emerged, namely, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, H1N1 influenza in 2009, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2012 and more recently, SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, which is still on-going. The magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has underscored the inaccuracy and limitations of previous measures for infection prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKarim, N., Hod, R., Wahab, M. I. A., Ahmad, N.
BMJ Open, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
ObjectivesClimate change is a major global issue with significant consequences, including effects on air quality and human well-being. This review investigated the projection of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) attributable to air pollution under different climate change scenarios. DesignThis systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 flow checklist. A population-exposure-outcome framework was established. Population referred to the general global population of all ages, the exposure of interest was air pollution and its projection, and the outcome was the occurrence of NCDs attributable to air pollution and burden of disease (BoD) based on the health indices of mortality, morbidity, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost and years lived with disability. Data sourcesThe Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCOhost databases were searched for articles published from 2005 to 2023. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesThe eligible articles were evaluated using the modified scale of a checklist for assessing the quality of ecological studies. Data extraction and synthesisTwo reviewers searched, screened and selected the included studies independently using standardised methods. The risk of bias was assessed using the modified scale of a checklist for ecological studies. The results were summarised based on the projection of the BoD of NCDs attributable to air pollution. ResultsThis review included 11 studies from various countries. Most studies specifically investigated various air pollutants, specifically particulate matter
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 6.05.2024
Tilføjet 6.05.2024
Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination has been associated with reduced outpatient antibiotic prescribing among older adults with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We assessed the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on outpatient antibiotic prescribing in the broader population of older adults, regardless of SARS-CoV-2 infection status.Methods We included adults aged ≥65 years who received their first, second, and/or third COVID-19 vaccine dose from December 2020 to December 2022. We used a self-controlled risk-interval design and included cases who received an antibiotic prescription 2–6 weeks before vaccination (pre-vaccination or control interval) or after vaccination (post-vaccination or risk interval). We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds of being prescribed (1) any antibiotic, (2) a typical “respiratory” infection antibiotic, or (3) a typical “urinary tract” infection antibiotic (negative control) in the post-vaccination interval versus the pre-vaccination interval. We accounted for temporal changes in antibiotic prescribing using background monthly antibiotic prescribing counts.Results 469 923 vaccine doses met inclusion criteria. The odds of receiving any antibiotic or a respiratory antibiotic prescription were lower in the post-vaccination versus pre-vaccination interval (aOR, .973; 95% CI, .968–.978; aOR, .961; 95% CI, .953–.968, respectively). There was no association between vaccination and urinary antibiotic prescriptions (aOR, .996; 95% CI, .987–1.006). Periods with high (>10%) versus low (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYuxin Zou, Manyi Pan, Tianyu Zhou, Lifeng Yan, Yuntian Chen, Junjie Yun, Zhihua Wang, Huaqi Guo, Kai Zhang, Weining Xiong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
by Yuxin Zou, Manyi Pan, Tianyu Zhou, Lifeng Yan, Yuntian Chen, Junjie Yun, Zhihua Wang, Huaqi Guo, Kai Zhang, Weining Xiong Celiac disease exhibits a higher prevalence among patients with coronavirus disease 2019. However, the potential influence of COVID-19 on celiac disease remains uncertain. Considering the significant association between gut microbiota alterations, COVID-19 and celiac disease, the two-step Mendelian randomization method was employed to investigate the genetic causality between COVID-19 and celiac disease, with gut microbiota as the potential mediators. We employed the genome-wide association study to select genetic instrumental variables associated with the exposure. Subsequently, these variables were utilized to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the risk of celiac disease and its potential influence on gut microbiota. Employing a two-step Mendelian randomization approach enabled the examination of potential causal relationships, encompassing: 1) the effects of COVID-19 infection, hospitalized COVID-19 and critical COVID-19 on the risk of celiac disease; 2) the influence of gut microbiota on celiac disease; and 3) the mediating impact of the gut microbiota between COVID-19 and the risk of celiac disease. Our findings revealed a significant association between critical COVID-19 and an elevated risk of celiac disease (inverse variance weighted [IVW]: P = 0.035). Furthermore, we observed an inverse correlation between critical COVID-19 and the abundance of Victivallaceae (IVW: P = 0.045). Notably, an increased Victivallaceae abundance exhibits a protective effect against the risk of celiac disease (IVW: P = 0.016). In conclusion, our analysis provides genetic evidence supporting the causal connection between critical COVID-19 and lower Victivallaceae abundance, thereby increasing the risk of celiac disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYong XIANG, Yaning FENG, Jinghong QIU, Ruoyu ZHANG, Hon-Cheong SO
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
More than 676 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and >6.8 million fatalities have been reported as of 3-Oct-2023 (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html). Despite the rapid development of vaccines, vaccine hesitancy remains a challenge due to concerns about adverse effects and exacerbation of existing conditions[1]. Initial reports of fatalities following COVID-19 vaccination raised safety concerns[2], but no direct evidence so far links vaccination to increased mortality risks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background Metformin has antiviral activity against RNA viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The mechanism appears to be suppression of protein translation via targeting the host mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. In the COVID-OUT randomized trial for outpatient coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), metformin reduced the odds of hospitalizations/death through 28 days by 58%, of emergency department visits/hospitalizations/death through 14 days by 42%, and of long COVID through 10 months by 42%.Methods COVID-OUT was a 2 × 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial that assessed metformin, fluvoxamine, and ivermectin; 999 participants self-collected anterior nasal swabs on day 1 (n = 945), day 5 (n = 871), and day 10 (n = 775). Viral load was quantified using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The mean SARS-CoV-2 viral load was reduced 3.6-fold with metformin relative to placebo (−0.56 log10 copies/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.05 to −.06; P = .027). Those who received metformin were less likely to have a detectable viral load than placebo at day 5 or day 10 (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% CI, .55 to .94). Viral rebound, defined as a higher viral load at day 10 than day 5, was less frequent with metformin (3.28%) than placebo (5.95%; OR, 0.68; 95% CI, .36 to 1.29). The metformin effect was consistent across subgroups and increased over time. Neither ivermectin nor fluvoxamine showed effect over placebo.Conclusions In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial of outpatient treatment of SARS-CoV-2, metformin significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 viral load, which may explain the clinical benefits in this trial. Metformin is pleiotropic with other actions that are relevant to COVID-19 pathophysiology.Clinical Trials Registration NCT04510194.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Approximately 4 years into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, available treatment options for outpatients have a mixed track record. The most notable success is nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, which significantly reduces the risk of hospitalization and death in high-risk, unvaccinated outpatients [1]. Yet, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is not a panacea. Whereas observational studies suggest a similar benefit in high-risk, vaccinated individuals [2, 3], a randomized study in a standard-risk population did not show improvement in either time to resolution of symptoms or the incidence of hospitalization or death [4]. Multiple drug interactions and virologic rebound [5, 6] further complicate its use. While remdesivir and molnupiravir are reasonable alternatives in select populations, they also have weaknesses. Remdesivir must be given intravenously, which is a substantial logistical challenge, and molnupiravir has both questionable efficacy in vaccinated or otherwise immune populations as well as safety concerns. This latter issue is related to the mechanism of action of molnupiravir, which leads to possible mutagenesis, limiting its use in women and men with “pregnancy potential” [7]. Meanwhile, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed escape mutants to monoclonal antibodies faster than these intravenous agents can be developed; although one such agent, pemivibart, has recently been made available for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk groups, none have been available for treatment since the US Food and Drug Administration halted use of bebtelovimab in November 2022 [8]. Several other experimental agents are in development, yet the timeline for their availability is uncertain.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi, Montaya Sunantiwat, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Sitaporn Youngkong, Surakit Nathisuwan, Bangunawati Rahajeng
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
by Pramitha Esha Nirmala Dewi, Montaya Sunantiwat, Montarat Thavorncharoensap, Sitaporn Youngkong, Surakit Nathisuwan, Bangunawati Rahajeng Delay in treatment seeking is recognized as a major contributor for Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) mortality in Indonesia. Despite the significance of timely treatment, decline in admission and delay in presentation of patients with ACS were consistently reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. These suggested that treatment seeking performance of patients during the pandemic might be different from the previous period. This qualitative study aimed to explore treatment seeking behaviour, barriers in seeking medical treatment, and experiences of patients with ACS in Yogyakarta, Indonesia during COVID-19 pandemic. In depth-interviews were carried out with 30 patients, who were hospitalized with ACS at one of the three selected hospitals in Yogyakarta during the pandemic period. Thematic analysis was performed to create vital explanations for treatment seeking practices of patients with ACS during pandemic. Three significant themes were identified: treatment seeking decisions, barriers in seeking medical treatment during COVID-19, and experiencing both good and bad impression from entering and staying in the hospital. The intensity of ACS symptoms and fear of COVID-19 infection dominated the delay in seeking medical treatment. Strict safety measures, religious belief, and fear of ACS helped patients overcome barriers and seek medical treatment during pandemic. ACS patients also had convenient medical care during the pandemic and believed medical staff would provide excellent care to them. However, visit restriction policy could cause psychological discomfort. Increase awareness of ACS symptoms and the risk of delays ACS treatment are essential to support patients’ decisions to seek medical helps in a timely manner at any situations including pandemic. Interventions aim at alleviating psychological distress should also be designed and implemented to improve treatment experiences of ACS patients, who sought medical treatment during the pandemic crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaolong Yan, Xin Zhao, Yin Du, Hao Wang, Li Liu, Qi Wang, Jianhua Liu, Sheng Wei
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profound implications for global public health. As of March 17, 2023, there have been a staggering 774.9 million confirmed cases and 7.0 million deaths around the world [1]. Following the relaxing of the strict control strategy for COVID-19 in China in December 2022, the number of infections has grown rapidly [2]. Although the World Health Organization declared an end to the pandemic emergency on May 5, 2023 [3], localized endemic remains a possibility in the future due to the waning of vaccine-induced and infection-acquired immunity, and ongoing viral mutations [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedM.L. Martinez-Fierro, A. Perez-Favila, S.M. Zorrilla Alfaro, S.A. Oropeza-de Lara, I. Garza-Veloz, L.S. Hernandez-Marquez, E.F. Gutierrez-Vela, I. Delgado-Enciso, I.P. Rodriguez-Sanchez
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
To analyze the gene variants of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and determine their association with the severity and outcome of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPadhani, Z. A., Rahman, A. R., Lakhani, S., Yasin, R., Khan, M. H., Mirani, M., Jamali, M., Ali Khan, Z., Khatoon, S., Partab, R., ul Haq, A., Kampalath, V., Hosseinalipour, S.-M., Blanchet, K., Das, J. K.
BMJ Open, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
ObjectiveMigrants and refugees are at a disadvantage in accessing basic necessities. The objective of this study is to assess the inequity in access, needs and determinants of COVID-19 vaccination among refugees and migrant populations in Pakistan. DesignWe conducted a mixed-method study comprising a cross-sectional survey and a qualitative study. In this paper, we will only report the findings from the cross-sectional survey. SettingThis survey was conducted in different cities of Pakistan including Quetta, Karachi and Hyderabad. ParticipantsA total of 570 participants were surveyed including refugees and migrants, both in regular and irregular situations. Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome of the study was to estimate the proportion of refugees and migrants, both in regular and irregular situations vaccinated against COVID-19 and assess the inequity. The 2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used to determine the significant differences in proportions between refugees and migrants and between regions. ResultsThe survey showed that only 26.9% of the refugee and migrant population were tested for COVID-19, 4.56% contracted coronavirus, and 3.85% were hospitalised due to COVID-19. About 66% of the refugees and migrants were fully vaccinated including those who received the single-dose vaccine or received all two doses, and 17.6% were partially vaccinated. Despite vaccination campaigns by the government, 14.4% of the refugee and migrant population remained unvaccinated mostly because of vaccines not being offered, distant vaccination sites, limited access, unavailability of COVID-19 vaccine or due to a difficult registration process. Vaccination rates varied across provinces, genders and migrant populations due to misconceptions, and several social, cultural and geographical barriers. ConclusionThis study highlights the COVID-19 vaccine coverage, access and inequity faced by refugees and migrants during the pandemic. It suggests early prioritisation of policies inclusive of all refugees and migrants and the provision of identification documents to ease access to basic necessities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZerin Jannat, Hemel Das, Md. Wazed Ali, Tasnuva Wahed, Md. Nurul Alam, Md. Jasim Uddin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
by Zerin Jannat, Hemel Das, Md. Wazed Ali, Tasnuva Wahed, Md. Nurul Alam, Md. Jasim Uddin Background Vaccination has been an indispensable step in controlling the coronavirus disease pandemic. In early 2021, Bangladesh launched a mass vaccination campaign to boost the COVID-19 vaccination rate when doses were available and immunized millions in the country. Although deemed a success, disparities became conspicuous in vaccination coverage across population of different socioeconomic background. Methods The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the vaccination coverage for three doses and detect disparities in uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among rural population of hard-to-reach areas and urban individuals belonging to the high-risk group -defined in our study as individuals from elusive population such as floating population/street dwellers, transgender, addicts and disabled population. We conducted household survey (n = 12,298) and survey with high risk group of people (2,520). The collected primary data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis. Results Our findings show that coverage for the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination was high among respondents from both rural Hard-to-reach (HTR) (92.9%) and non-HTR (94.6%) areas. However, the coverage for subsequent doses was observed to reduce significantly, especially for third dose (52.2% and 56.4% for HTR and non-HTR, respectively). Conclusion Vaccination coverage among urbanites of high-risk group was found to be critically low. Vaccine hesitancy was also found to be high among individuals of this group. It is essential that the individuals of urban high-risk group be prioritized. Individuals from this group could be provided incentives (transport for disabled, monetary incentive to transgenders; food and medicine for drug user and floating people) and vaccination centers could be established with flexible schedule (morning/afternoon/evening sessions) so that they receive vaccine at their convenient time. Community engagement can be used for both high-risk group and rural population to enhance the COVID-19 vaccination coverage and lower disparities in uptake of the vaccine doses nationwide.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
Abstract Background Understanding the association between the immune response and the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has implications for forthcoming prevention strategies. We evaluated the association between antibody titers and the risk of infection for the general population during the Omicron-dominant phase.Methods This was a prospective cohort study of residents or people affiliated with institutions in Bizen City, which included 1,899 participants. We measured the titers of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 repeatedly every 2 months from June 2022 to March 2023. Infection status was obtained from self-reported questionnaires and the official registry. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for infection within 2 months of the date of each antibody measurement with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on antibody titer categories and spline functions.Results Compared with the
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHui Xie, Junnan Zhang, Shuang Bai, Min Lv, Juan Li, Weixin Chen, Luodan Suo, Meng Chen, Wei Zhao, Shanshan Zhou, Jian Wang, Ao Zhang, Jianxin Ma, Fengshuang Wang, Le Yan, Dongmei Li, Jiang Wu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 25.04.2024
Tilføjet 25.04.2024
The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic [1-3]. As the pandemic progressed, new, more transmissible but less virulent variants, like the Omicron variant, emerged and became more dominant, further reducing the mortality rate [4-8]. The World Health Organization (WHO) eventually declared that the COVID-19 pandemic no longer constitutes a public health emergency of international concern on May 2023 [9].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Abstract During pandemics, healthcare providers struggle with balancing obligations to self, family, and patients. While HIV/AIDS seemed to settle this issue, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rekindled debates regarding treatment refusal. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL Complete, and Web of Science using terms including obligation, refusal, HIV/AIDS, COVID-19, and pandemics. After duplicate removal and dual, independent screening, we analyzed 156 articles for quality, ethical position, reasons, and concepts. Diseases in our sample included HIV/AIDS (72.2%), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (10.2%), COVID-19 (10.2%), Ebola (7.0%), and influenza (7.0%). Most articles (81.9%, n = 128) indicated an obligation to treat. COVID-19 had the highest number of papers indicating ethical acceptability of refusal (60%, P < .001), while HIV had the least (13.3%, P = .026). Several reason domains were significantly different during COVID-19, including unreasonable risks to self/family (26.7%, P < .001) and labor rights/workers\' protection (40%, P < .001). A surge in ethics literature during COVID-19 has advocated for permissibility of treatment refusal. Balancing healthcare provision with workforce protection is crucial in effectively responding to a global pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFouad Chouairi, Edward Jaffe, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Marat Fudim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Fouad Chouairi, Edward Jaffe, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Marat Fudim Background The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched healthcare resources thin and led to significant morbidity and mortality. There have been no studies utilizing national data to investigate the role of cardiac risk factors on outcomes of COVID hospitalizations. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on healthcare utilization and outcomes among COVID hospitalizations during the first year of the pandemic. Methods Using the national inpatient sample (NIS), we identified all adult hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of COVID in 2020, using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes (ICD010-CM). Coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, previous stroke, and atrial fibrillation were then identified as cardiac comorbidities using ICD-10-CM codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the effect of cardiac multimorbidity on mortality and mechanical ventilation. Results We identified 1,005,040 primary COVID admissions in 2020. Of these admissions, 216,545 (20.6%) had CAD, 413,195 (39.4%) had DM, 176,780 (16.8%) had HF, 159,700 (15.2%) had AF, 30735 (2.9%) had PVD, and 25,155 (2.4%) had a previous stroke. When stratified by number of comorbidities, 428390 (40.8%) had 0 comorbidities, 354960 (33.8%) had 1, 161225 (15.4%) had 2, and 105465 (10.0%) had 3+ comorbidities. COVID hospitalizations with higher cardiac multimorbidity had higher mortality rates (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFang Fang, John David Clemens, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Timothy F. Brewer
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Fang Fang, John David Clemens, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Timothy F. Brewer Background Given the waning of vaccine effectiveness and the shifting of the most dominant strains in the U.S., it is imperative to understand the association between vaccination coverage and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease and mortality at the community levels and whether that association might vary according to the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strains in the U.S. Methods Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate associations between U.S. county-level cumulative vaccination rates and booster distribution and the daily change in county-wide Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) risks and mortality during Alpha, Delta and Omicron predominance. Models were adjusted for potential confounders at both county and state level. A 2-week lag and a 4-week lag were introduced to assess vaccination rate impact on incidence and mortality, respectively. Results Among 3,073 counties in 48 states, the average county population complete vaccination rate of all age groups was 50.79% as of March 11th, 2022. Each percentage increase in vaccination rates was associated with reduction of 4% (relative risk (RR) 0.9607 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9553, 0.9661)) and 3% (RR 0.9694 (95% CI: 0.9653, 0.9736)) in county-wide COVID-19 cases and mortality, respectively, when Alpha was the dominant variant. The associations between county-level vaccine rates and COVID-19 incidence diminished during the Delta and Omicron predominance. However, each percent increase in people receiving a booster shot was associated with reduction of 6% (RR 0.9356 (95% CI: 0.9235, 0.9479)) and 4% (RR 0.9595 (95% CI: 0.9431, 0.9761)) in COVID-19 incidence and mortality in the community, respectively, during the Omicron predominance. Conclusions Associations between complete vaccination rates and COVID-19 incidence and mortality appeared to vary with shifts in the dominant variant, perhaps due to variations in vaccine efficacy by variant or to waning vaccine immunity over time. Vaccine boosters were associated with notable protection against Omicron disease and mortality.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward, Leigh M.; Grijalva, Carlos G.
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
Purpose of review Prevention of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in children is a global health priority, as these remain a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality throughout the world. As new products and strategies to prevent respiratory infections caused by important pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and pneumococcus are advancing, increasing evidence suggests that these and other respiratory viruses and pneumococci may exhibit interactions that are associated with altered colonization and disease dynamics. We aim to review recent data evaluating interactions between respiratory viruses and pneumococci in the upper respiratory tract and their potential impact on pneumococcal colonization patterns and disease outcomes. Recent findings While interactions between influenza infection and subsequent increased susceptibility and transmissibility of colonizing pneumococci have been widely reported in the literature, emerging evidence suggests that human rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and other viruses may also exhibit interactions with pneumococci and alter pneumococcal colonization patterns. Additionally, colonizing pneumococci may play a role in modifying outcomes associated with respiratory viral infections. Recent evidence suggests that vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and prevention of colonization with pneumococcal serotypes included in these vaccines, may be associated with reducing the risk of subsequent viral infection and the severity of the associated illnesses. Summary Understanding the direction and dynamics of viral-pneumococcal interactions may elucidate the potential effects of existing and emerging viral and bacterial vaccines and other preventive strategies on the health impact of these important respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the serum levels of sACE2 and Ang II, as well as the expression level of miR-141-3p and miR-421 in SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects. Methods In the present study, the serum levels of sACE2 and Ang II were measured in 94 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and 94 SARS-CoV-2 negative subjects with some symptoms similar to those of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients using the ELISA method. In addition, the expression level of miR-141-3p and miR-421 as ACE2 regulators and biomarkers was evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Results The mean serum sACE2 concentration in the SARS-CoV-2-positive group was 3.268 ± 0.410 ng/ml, whereas in the SARS-CoV-2 negative group, it was 3.564 ± 0.437 ng/ml. Additionally, the mean serum Ang II level in the SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups were 60.67 ± 6.192 ng/L and 67.97 ± 6.837 ng/L, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in the serum levels of sACE2 (P value: 0.516) and Ang II (P value: 0.134) between the SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative groups. Meanwhile, our findings indicated that the expression levels of miR-141-3p and miR-421 in SARS-CoV-2 positive group were significantly lower and higher than SARS-CoV-2 negative group, respectively (P value
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Objective To compare the similarities and differences between patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and those with other community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), utilizing propensity score matching (PSM), regarding hospitalization expenses, treatment options, and prognostic outcomes, aiming to inform the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. Methods Patients admitted to the ICU of the Third People’s Hospital of Datong City, diagnosed with COVID-19 from December 2022 to February 2023, constituted the observation group, while those with other CAP admitted from January to November 2022 formed the control group. Basic information, clinical data at admission, and time from symptom onset to admission were matched using PSM. Results A total of 70 patients were included in the COVID-19 group and 119 in the CAP group. The patients were matched by the propensity matching method, and 37 patients were included in each of the last two groups. After matching, COVID-19 had a higher failure rate than CAP, but the difference was not statistically significant (73% vs. 51%, p = 0.055). The utilization rate of antiviral drugs (40% vs. 11%, p = 0.003), γ-globulin (19% vs. 0%, p = 0.011) and prone position ventilation (PPV) (27% vs. 0%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory infection (SARI), a significant global health concern, imposes a substantial disease burden. In China, there is inadequate data concerning the monitoring of respiratory pathogens, particularly bacteria, among patients with SARI. Therefore, this study aims to delineate the demographic, epidemiological, and aetiological characteristics of hospitalised SARI patients in Central China between 2018 and 2020. Methods Eligible patients with SARI admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2020 were included in this retrospective study. Within the first 24 h of admission, respiratory (including sputum, nasal/throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, thoracocentesis fluid, etc.), urine, and peripheral blood specimens were collected for viral and bacterial testing. A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic approach was used to identify human influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, human metapneumovirus, and rhinovirus. Bacterial cultures of respiratory specimens were performed with a particular focus on pathogenic microorganisms, including S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, Strep A, H. influenzae, A. baumannii, and E. coli. In cases where bacterial culture results were negative, nucleic acid extraction was performed for PCR to assay for the above-mentioned eight bacteria, as well as L. pneumophila and M. pneumoniae. Additionally, urine specimens were exclusively used to detect Legionella antigens. Furthermore, epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were obtained from electronic medical records. Results The study encompassed 1266 patients, with a mean age of 54 years, among whom 61.6% (780/1266) were males, 61.4% (778/1266) were farmers, and 88.8% (1124/1266) sought medical treatment in 2020. Moreover, 80.3% (1017/1266) were housed in general wards. The most common respiratory symptoms included fever (86.8%, 1122/1266) and cough (77.8%, 986/1266). Chest imaging anomalies were detected in 62.6% (792/1266) of cases, and 58.1% (736/1266) exhibited at least one respiratory pathogen, with 28.5% (361/1266) having multiple infections. Additionally, 95.7% (1212/1266) of the patients were from Henan Province, with the highest proportion (38.3%, 486/1266) falling in the 61–80 years age bracket, predominantly (79.8%, 1010/1266) seeking medical aid in summer and autumn. Bacterial detection rate (39.0%, 495/1266) was higher than viral detection rate (36.9%, 468/1266), with the primary pathogens being influenza virus (13.8%, 175/1266), K. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), S. pneumoniae (10.0%, 127/1266), adenovirus (8.2%, 105/1266), P. aeruginosa (8.2%, 105/1266), M. pneumoniae (7.8%, 100/1266), and respiratory syncytial virus (7.7%, 98/1266). During spring and winter, there was a significant prevalence of influenza virus and human coronavirus, contrasting with the dominance of parainfluenza viruses in summer and autumn. Respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus exhibited higher prevalence across spring, summer, and winter. P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae were identified at similar rates throughout all seasons without distinct spikes in prevalence. However, S. pneumoniae showed a distinctive pattern with a prevalence that doubled during summer and winter. Moreover, the positive detection rates of various other viruses and bacteria were lower, displaying a comparatively erratic prevalence trend. Among patients admitted to the intensive care unit, the predominant nosocomial bacteria were K. pneumoniae (17.2%, 43/249), A. baumannii (13.6%, 34/249), and P. aeruginosa (12.4%, 31/249). Conversely, in patients from general wards, predominant pathogens included influenza virus (14.8%, 151/1017), S. pneumoniae (10.4%, 106/1017), and adenovirus (9.3%, 95/1017). Additionally, paediatric patients exhibited significantly higher positive detection rates for influenza virus (23.9%, 11/46) and M. pneumoniae (32.6%, 15/46) compared to adults and the elderly. Furthermore, adenovirus (10.0%, 67/669) and rhinovirus (6.4%, 43/669) were the primary pathogens in adults, while K. pneumoniae (11.8%, 65/551) and A. baumannii (7.1%, 39/551) prevailed among the elderly, indicating significant differences among the three age groups. Discussion In Central China, among patients with SARI, the prevailing viruses included influenza virus, adenovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Among bacteria, K. pneumoniae, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, and M. pneumoniae were frequently identified, with multiple infections being very common. Additionally, there were substantial variations in the pathogen spectrum compositions concerning wards and age groups among patients. Consequently, this study holds promise in offering insights to the government for developing strategies aimed at preventing and managing respiratory infectious diseases effectively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Abstract Background The impact of the constantly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on the effectiveness of early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatments is unclear. Here, we report characteristics and acute clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 treated with a monoclonal antibody (mAb; presumed to be sotrovimab) across six distinct periods covering the emergence and predominance of Omicron subvariants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5) in England. Methods Retrospective cohort study using data from the Hospital Episode Statistics database from January 1–July 31, 2022. Included patients received a mAb delivered by a National Health Service (NHS) hospital as a day-case, for which the primary diagnosis was COVID-19. Patients were presumed to have received sotrovimab based on NHS data showing that 99.98% of COVID-19-mAb-treated individuals received sotrovimab during the study period. COVID-19-attributable hospitalizations were reported overall and across six distinct periods of Omicron subvariant prevalence. Subgroup analyses were conducted in patients with severe renal disease and active cancer. Results Among a total of 10,096 patients, 1.0% (n = 96) had a COVID-19-attributable hospitalization, 4.6% (n = 465) had a hospital visit due to any cause, and 0.3% (n = 27) died due to any cause during the acute period. COVID-19-attributable hospitalization rates were consistent among subgroups, and no significant differences were observed across periods of Omicron subvariant predominance. Conclusions Levels of COVID-19-attributable hospitalizations and deaths were low in mAb-treated patients and among subgroups. Similar hospitalization rates were observed whilst Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 were predominant, despite reported reductions in in vitro neutralization activity of sotrovimab against BA.2 and BA.5.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXinyi Zhou, Tengda Huang, Hongyuan Pan, Ao Du, Tian Wu, Jiang Lan, Yujia Song, Yue Lv, Fang He, Kefei Yuan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
by Xinyi Zhou, Tengda Huang, Hongyuan Pan, Ao Du, Tian Wu, Jiang Lan, Yujia Song, Yue Lv, Fang He, Kefei Yuan Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causal agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected millions of individuals worldwide, which poses a severe threat to human health. COVID-19 is a systemic ailment affecting various tissues and organs, including the lungs and liver. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most common liver cancer, and cancer patients are particularly at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonetheless, few studies have investigated the impact of COVID-19 on ICC patients. Methods With the methods of systems biology and bioinformatics, this study explored the link between COVID-19 and ICC, and searched for potential therapeutic drugs. Results This study identified a total of 70 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by both diseases, shedding light on their shared functionalities. Enrichment analysis pinpointed metabolism and immunity as the primary areas influenced by these common genes. Subsequently, through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we identified SCD, ACSL5, ACAT2, HSD17B4, ALDOA, ACSS1, ACADSB, CYP51A1, PSAT1, and HKDC1 as hub genes. Additionally, 44 transcription factors (TFs) and 112 microRNAs (miRNAs) were forecasted to regulate the hub genes. Most importantly, several drug candidates (Periodate-oxidized adenosine, Desipramine, Quercetin, Perfluoroheptanoic acid, Tetrandrine, Pentadecafluorooctanoic acid, Benzo[a]pyrene, SARIN, Dorzolamide, 8-Bromo-cAMP) may prove effective in treating ICC and COVID-19. Conclusion This study is expected to provide valuable references and potential drugs for future research and treatment of COVID-19 and ICC.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenríquez-Beltrán, Mario; Vaca, Rafaela; Benítez, Iván D.; González, Jessica; Santisteve, Sally; Aguilà, Maria; Minguez, Olga; Moncusí-Moix, Anna; Gort-Paniello, Clara; Torres, Gerard; Labarca, Gonzalo; Caballero, Jesús; Barberà, Carme; Torres, Antoni; de Gonzalo-Calvo, David; Barbé, Ferran; Targa, Adriano D. S.
Critical Care Medicine, 19.04.2024
Tilføjet 19.04.2024
Objectives: To investigate the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors 12 months after hospital discharge and to evaluate a possible effect of the severity of the disease within this context. Design: Observational, prospective study. Setting: Single-center study. Patients: Two hundred sixty patients admitted to the ICU due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Interventions: None. Measurements and Main Results: The cohort was composed of 260 patients (69.2% males), with a median (quartile 1–quartile 3) age of 61.5 years (52.0–67.0 yr). The median length of ICU stay was 11.0 days (6.00–21.8 d), where 56.2% of the patients required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) revealed that 43.1% of the cohort presented poor sleep quality 12 months after hospital discharge. Actigraphy data indicated an influence of the disease severity on the fragmentation of the circadian rest-activity rhythm at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, which was no longer significant in the long term. Still, the length of the ICU stay and the duration of IMV predicted a higher fragmentation of the rhythm at the 12-month follow-up with effect sizes (95% CI) of 0.248 (0.078–0.418) and 0.182 (0.005–0.359), respectively. Relevant associations between the PSQI and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (rho = 0.55, anxiety; rho = 0.5, depression) as well as between the fragmentation of the rhythm and the diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (rho = –0.35) were observed at this time point. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a great prevalence of critical survivors presenting poor sleep quality 12 months after hospital discharge. Actigraphy data indicated the persistence of circadian alterations and a possible impact of the disease severity on the fragmentation of the circadian rest-activity rhythm, which was attenuated at the 12-month follow-up. This altogether highlights the relevance of considering the sleep and circadian health of critical survivors in the long term.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadine Glaser, Sophie Diexer, Bianca Klee, Dr. Oliver Purschke, Prof. Dr. med. Mascha Binder, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Frese, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Girndt, PD Dr. med. Jessica Höll, Dr. Irene Moor, Prof. Dr. med. Jonas Rosendahl, Prof. Dr. med. Michael Gekle, Prof. Dr. med. Daniel Sedding, Prof. Dr. med. Rafael Mikolajczyk, Dr. Cornelia Gottschick
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
At the beginning of September 2022, three years after the detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 case, the World Health Organization (WHO) globally had registered over 600 million confirmed cases and over 6.4 million deaths due to an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. By the end of the winter season in March 2023 those numbers had risen to over 761 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths [2]. Our World in Data reported an even higher number of deaths of 8.6 million [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRemigius Gröning, Jonatan Walde, Clas Ahlm, Mattias NE Forsell, Johan Normark, Johan Rasmuson
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a major public health concern since the start of the 2019 pandemic. Although current vaccines protect the general public, individuals with severe immunodeficiencies often exhibit a poor vaccine response and a higher risk of severe and/or persistent disease [1,2]. There are no treatment recommendations for persistent infection in immunocompromised individuals. Attempts with repeated antiviral mono or combination therapy has been described [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 11.04.2024
Tilføjet 11.04.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation dropped markedly early in the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a resurgence with heightened case counts. The “immunity debt” hypothesis proposes that the RSV-naїve pediatric population increased during the period of low transmission. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited, and the role of changing testing practices in the perceived surge has not been comprehensively evaluated.Methods We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 342 530 RSV encounters and 980 546 RSV diagnostic tests occurring at 32 US pediatric hospitals in 2013–2023. We used interrupted time series analysis to estimate pandemic-associated changes in RSV patient and test volume and to quantify changes in the proportions of patients requiring hospitalization, intensive care, or mechanical ventilation. We quantified the fraction of the shifts in case counts and in the age of diagnosed patients attributable to changes in testing.Results RSV patient volume increased 2.4-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7, 3.5) in 2021–2023 relative to the pre-pandemic phase and was accompanied by an 18.9-fold increase (95% CI: 15.0, 23.9) in RSV test volume. Shifts in patient volume and in patient age were largely attributable to increased testing. The proportions of patients with RSV that required hospitalization, intensive care, or mechanical ventilation declined significantly across all patient age groups.Conclusions A surge in RSV testing, rather than in viral circulation, likely underlies the increased case counts observed in 2021–2023. These findings warrant a critical assessment of the immunity debt hypothesis and highlight the importance of considering the testing denominator when surveillance strategies are dynamic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
To the editor—We would like to thank our colleagues Mattiuzzi and Lippi for confirming our conclusion [1] on Spanish flu being deadlier than coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Italian figures [2]. Italy was the first European country hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and it was hit very hard. A reflection on death toll puts the events in a historical perspective. The conclusion of our Italian colleagues is based on a comparison of crude death rates. However, when comparing both pandemics, the difference of population structure should be taken into account. Therefore, we compared not only crude death rates, but also age-standardized death rates. As there is no gold standard in this case, we projected both the age-specific Spanish flu figures of 1918–1920 on the (average) 2020–2022 population, and conversely, we projected the age-specific COVID-19 figures of 2020–2022 on the (average) 1918–1920 population. The first projection resulted in a Spanish flu:COVID-19 ratio of 2.2, the second in a Spanish flu:COVID-19 ratio of 6.9. The outcome of the second projection is close to the estimate of our Italian colleagues.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
To the Editor—We read with great interest the results of the analysis by Harteloh et al [1], who concluded that the death rate in The Netherlands from the 1918–1920 Spanish flu was more than twice as high as the death rate for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020–2022 (ie, 214 vs 98 per 100 000 per year exposure). This is not surprising as the pathogen responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic (ie, influenza virus A/H1N1) was very aggressive, hit a nearly naive population with no prior immunity, and evolved at a time when healthcare and economic resources were extremely limited compared to recent times. To determine whether similar evidence could be replicated in other countries, we used statistics on the total resident population and the number of deaths from the Spanish flu in 1918–1920 [2] and from COVID-19 in 2020 [3] (ie, before the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination at the end of December 2020) in Italy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIsabel A.L. Slurink, Sophie C.M. van den Houdt, Gaëtan Mertens
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Even though most people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (i.e., SARS-CoV-2), resulting in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) fully recover [1,2], a considerable number of patients continues to experience prolonged symptoms, such as fatigue, neurocognitive problems, and smell and taste impairment [2]. This syndrome of lingering symptoms following COVID-19 is referred to as long COVID or post-COVID syndrome.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClayton J. OtterNicole BracciNicholas A. ParentiChengjin YeAbhishek AsthanaEbba K. BlomqvistLi Hui TanJessica J. PfannenstielNathaniel JacksonAnthony R. FehrRobert H. SilvermanJames M. BurkeNoam A. CohenLuis Martinez-SobridoSusan R. WeissaDepartment of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bPenn Center for Research on Coronaviruses and Other Emerging Pathogens, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cDisease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227dDepartment of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195eDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458fDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim University of Florida Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458gDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104hDepartment of Surgery, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Administration Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104iDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 15, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDongbin Park, Se‐Mi Kim, Hobin Jang, Kanghee Kim, Ho young Ji, Heedong Yang, Woohyun Kwon, Yeonglim Kang, Suhee Hwang, Hyunjoon Kim, Mark Anthony B. Casel, Issac Choi, Jeong‐Sun Yang, Joo‐Yeon Lee, Young Ki Choi
Journal of Medical Virology, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Jiafei Yu, Kai Zhang, Tianqi Chen, Ronghai Lin, Qijiang Chen, Chensong Chen, Minfeng Tong, Jianping Chen, Jianhua Yu, Yuhang Lou, Panpan Xu, Chao Zhong, Qianfeng Chen, Kangwei Sun, Liyuan Liu, Lanxin Cao, Cheng Zheng, Ping Wang, Qitao Chen, Qianqian Yang, Weiting Chen, Xiaofang Wang, Zuxi Yan, Xuefeng Zhang, Wei Cui, Lin Chen, Zhongheng Zhang, Gensheng Zhang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Since 2019, there has been a global pandemic of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 700 million confirmed cases and more than 6 million deaths in more than 200 countries worldwide as of October 2023, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) [1]. SARS-CoV-2 acts on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is widely expressed in a variety of tissues, such as the lung, kidney, and cardiovascular system [2], resulting in respiratory dysfunction (RD) and nonpulmonary organ dysfunction (nPOD).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPallavi Rai, Jeffrey M. Marano, Lin Kang, Sheryl Coutermarsh‐Ott, Andrea R. Daamen, Peter E. Lipsky, James Weger‐Lucarelli
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Guoguo Ye, Yimin Tang, Qin Yang, Chenhui Zhang, Huiping Shi, Jun Wang, Xiao Hu, Xiaofu Wan, Zhixiang Xu, Jinhu Liang, Yang Yang, Minghui Yang, Yingxia Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.04.2024
Tilføjet 9.04.2024
Abstract Aims We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to elucidate the anti-infective effects of ticagrelor.Methods and results Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum levels of ticagrelor or its major metabolite AR-C124910XX (ARC) in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes trial were selected as genetic proxies for ticagrelor exposure. Positive control analyses indicated that genetically surrogated serum ticagrelor levels (six SNPs) but not ARC levels (two SNPs) were significantly associated with lower risks of coronary heart disease. Therefore, the six SNPs were used as genetic instruments for ticagrelor exposure, and the genome-wide association study data for five infection outcomes were derived from the UK Biobank and FinnGen consortium. The two-sample MR analyses based on inverse variance-weighted methods indicated that genetic liability to ticagrelor exposure could reduce the risk of bacterial pneumonia (odds ratio [OR]: 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–0.95, P = 8.75E-03) and sepsis (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73–0.94, P = 3.69E-03); however, no causal relationship between ticagrelor exposure and upper respiratory infection, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection was detected. Extensive sensitivity analyses corroborated these findings.Conclusion Our MR study provides further evidence for the preventive effects of ticagrelor on bacterial pneumonia and sepsis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 7.04.2024
Tilføjet 7.04.2024
Abstract Background With COVID-19 vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward.Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine.Results For an 18-49-year-old, getting vaccinated at its current price ($60) can save the individual on average $30-$603 if the individual is uninsured and $4-$437 if the individual has private insurance, as long as the starting vaccine efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is ≥50% and the weekly risk of getting infected is ≥0.2%, corresponding to an individual interacting with 9 other people in a day under Winter 2023-2024 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant conditions with an average infection prevalence of 10%. For a 50-64-year-old, these cost-savings increase to $111-$1,278 and $119-$1,706, for someone without and with insurance, respectively. The risk threshold increases to ≥0.4% (interacting with 19 people/day), when the individual has 13.4% pre-existing protection against infection (e.g., vaccinated 9 months earlier).Conclusion There is both clinical and economic incentive for the individual to continue to get vaccinated against COVID-19 each year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHarrys A Torres, Khalis Mustafayev, Loretta J Nastoupil, Samuel A Shelburne
Lancet, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
A 78-year-old man with primary central nervous system lymphoma was transferred to our cancer centre for further treatment. The patient had been diagnosed 3 months earlier after he presented to another hospital with back pain, numbness, and tingling in all extremities; he had two cycles of rituximab and high-dose methotrexate, which had produced a partial response. The patient had also been given dexamethasone for cerebral oedema; his medical history included type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIn Sook Kang, Kyoung Ae Kong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus infection manifests varying clinical characteristics and severity in diverse populations with different immune statuses. The signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement are nonspecific. Here, we present a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent adolescent, which manifested as intestinal pseud-obstruction. Case presentation A 15-year-old man who had contracted novel coronavirus infection one month earlier was admitted to our hospital with fever, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. His abdomen was distended, and laboratory evaluation revealed a decrease in the blood count, an increase in inflammatory indicators and hepatic impairment. Imaging shows bowel wall thickening and dilatation of the colon. A diagnosis of intestinal infection combined with acute intestinal pseud-obstruction was made. Diarrhea persisted despite conservative treatment with empirical antibiotics. A colonoscopy was performed. Pathology confirmed cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir therapy was initiated, and subsequent review showed a good recovery. Conclusions The case was diagnosed as cytomegalovirus colitis. We reviewed the reports of 9 cases of bowel obstruction, including our own, and found that the majority of the adult patients were elderly with underlying disease. Clinical and endoscopic manifestations are typically nonspecific, and imaging shows typical signs of intestinal obstruction. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. Most of them have a good prognosis. We suggest that cytomegalovirus colitis can also lead to intestinal obstruction and that viral reactivation in immunocompetent individuals may be associated with inflammatory conditions and viral coinfection, particularly with the novel coronavirus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNatalie M. KirkYuying LiangHinh LyDepartment of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
Virulence, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.04.2024
Tilføjet 3.04.2024
by Karina Leksy, Grzegorz Gawron, Rafaela Rosário The coronavirus pandemic has contributed to increasing the responsibility of school principals for the health of all school community members. Moreover, evidence confirms the significant role of school principals’ health literacy (HL) for health promotion in schools. Therefore, the presented study aims to evaluate the associations between Polish school principals HL and the implementation of the Health Promoting School (HPS) approach in Polish schools. The present study was conducted as part of an international survey on the global COVID-HL network (www.covid-hl.eu) between June 2021 and December 2021. Three subscales of the HPS were considered and an exploratory analysis were used in this study. Associations between the median split of each subscale of HPS (outcome) and health literacy (predictor) were performed using logistic regression. Research results showed that the highest level of HPS implementation was directed at pupils. Principals perceived themselves as having the highest HL on the ‘accessibility’ subscale and these respondents had significantly higher odds of implementing learning opportunities for students. The study suggests that principals with adequate HL may be more likely to effectively implement HPS strategies in schools. This research could provide insights into the complex interplay between HL and the HPS approach and inform the development of more effective strategies for promoting health and HL in schools.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedElisa Correcher-Martínez, Mónica López-Lacort, Cintia Muñoz-Quiles, Javier Díez-Domingo, Alejandro Orrico-Sánchez
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with very wide-ranging symptoms. Although the most common symptoms derive from infection of the respiratory tract, several cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 exist [1,2]. Among these, cases of vesicular lesions and herpes zoster (HZ)-compatible cutaneous manifestations were reported in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic [3–5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.04.2024
Tilføjet 2.04.2024
Abstract Background We aimed to evaluate the cardiac adverse events (AEs) in hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving remdesivir plus standard of care (SoC) compared to SoC alone (control), as an association was noted in some cohort studies and disproportionality analyses of safety databases.Methods This post-hoc safety analysis is based on data from the multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled DisCoVeRy trial in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (NCT04315948). Any first AE occurring between randomization and day 29 in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population randomized to either remdesivir or control group was considered. Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Kaplan-Meier estimates were calculated for event rates.Results Cardiac AEs were reported in 46 (11.2%) of 410 and 48 (11.3%) of 423 patients in the mITT population (n = 833) enrolled in the remdesivir and control groups, respectively. The difference between both groups was not significant (HR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7-1.5, p = 0.98), even when evaluating serious and non-serious cardiac AEs separately. The majority of reports in both groups were of arrhythmic nature (remdesivir, 84.8%; control, 83.3%) and were associated with a favorable outcome. There was no significant difference between remdesivir and control groups in the occurrence of different cardiac AE subclasses, including arrhythmic events (HR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.7-1.7, p = 0.68).Conclusions Remdesivir treatment was not associated with an increased risk of cardiac AEs, whether serious or not, and regardless of AE severity, compared to control, in patients hospitalized with moderate or severe COVID-19. This is consistent with the results of other randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 1.04.2024
Tilføjet 1.04.2024
Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus infection manifests varying clinical characteristics and severity in diverse populations with different immune statuses. The signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement are nonspecific. Here, we present a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent adolescent, which manifested as intestinal pseud-obstruction. Case presentation A 15-year-old man who had contracted novel coronavirus infection one month earlier was admitted to our hospital with fever, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. His abdomen was distended, and laboratory evaluation revealed a decrease in the blood count, an increase in inflammatory indicators and hepatic impairment. Imaging shows bowel wall thickening and dilatation of the colon. A diagnosis of intestinal infection combined with acute intestinal pseud-obstruction was made. Diarrhea persisted despite conservative treatment with empirical antibiotics. A colonoscopy was performed. Pathology confirmed cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir therapy was initiated, and subsequent review showed a good recovery. Conclusions The case was diagnosed as cytomegalovirus colitis. We reviewed the reports of 9 cases of bowel obstruction, including our own, and found that the majority of the adult patients were elderly with underlying disease. Clinical and endoscopic manifestations are typically nonspecific, and imaging shows typical signs of intestinal obstruction. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. Most of them have a good prognosis. We suggest that cytomegalovirus colitis can also lead to intestinal obstruction and that viral reactivation in immunocompetent individuals may be associated with inflammatory conditions and viral coinfection, particularly with the novel coronavirus.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGupta, R., Sharma, K., Khedar, R. S., Sharma, S. K., Makkar, J. S., Natani, V., Bana, A., Sharma, S.
BMJ Open, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
ObjectiveThe study examined the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic in India on variation in clinical features, management and in-hospital outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). DesignProspective registry-based observational study. SettingA tertiary care hospital in India participant in the American College of Cardiology CathPCI Registry. Participants7089 successive patients who underwent PCI from April 2018 to March 2023 were enrolled (men 5627, women 1462). Details of risk factors, clinical presentation, coronary angiography, coronary interventions, clinical management and in-hospital outcomes were recorded. Annual data were classified into specific COVID-19 periods according to Government of India guidelines as pre-COVID-19 (April 2018 to March 2019, n=1563; April 2019 to March 2020, n=1594), COVID-19 (April 2020 to March 2020, n=1206; April 2021 to March 2022, n=1223) and post-COVID-19 (April 2022 to March 2023, n=1503). ResultsCompared with the patients in pre-COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 periods, during the first COVID-19 year, patients had more hypertension, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD). In the second COVID-19 year, patients had more STEMI, lower LVEF, multivessel CAD, primary PCI, multiple stents and more vasopressor and mechanical support. There were 99 (1.4%) in-hospital deaths which in the successive years were 1.2%, 1.4%, 0.8%, 2.4% and 1.3%, respectively (p=0.019). Compared with the baseline year, deaths were slightly lower in the first COVID-19-year (age-sex adjusted OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.31 to 1.47) but significantly more in the second COVID-19-year (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.54). This variation attenuated following adjustment for clinical presentation, extent of CAD, in-hospital treatment and duration of hospitalisation. ConclusionsIn-hospital mortality among patients with CAD undergoing PCI was significantly higher in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic in India and could be one of the reasons for excess deaths in the country. These patients had more severe CAD, lower LVEF, and more vasopressor and mechanical support and duration of hospitalisation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Abstract Background The prevalence and distinction between first Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reinfection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Southern China. The study included 262 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between April and June 2023, with 101 cases of first infection and 161 ones of reinfection. Student’s t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U tests were used based on the distribution of quantitative variables. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used based on the expected frequencies of categorical variables. Results The reinfection rate among HCWs was 11.5% (161/1406). The majority of the infected HCWs were female (212/262, 80.9%, first infection vs. reinfection: 76.2% vs. 83.9%). The nursing staff, had the highest percentage of SARS-CoV-2 infection (42.0%), especially of its reinfection (47.8%). Out of the 262 infected individuals, 257 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, primarily inactivated vaccines (243/257, 91.1%). The first infection group, which received four doses (24, 23.8%), was significantly higher than that in the reinfection group (6, 3.7%) (P
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