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Fei Wang, Xinyi Shao, Binghao Bao, Yixuan Yang, Yu Wang, Jing Zhang, Siqi Wang, Yongmei Chen, Daishu Han
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Hyejun Kim, Seoyeon Kyung, Jaeyu Park, Hojae Lee, Myeongcheol Lee, Lee Smith, Masoud Rahmati, Ju‐Young Shin, Jiseung Kang, Louis Jacob, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Sang Youl Rhee, Jinseok Lee, Hyeon Jin Kim, Hayeon Lee, Dong Keon Yon
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Baptiste Demey, Aurélien Aubry, Véronique Descamps, Virginie Morel, My Hanh Hillary Le, Claire Presne, François Brazier, François Helle, Etienne Brochot
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Arianna Ceruti, Martin Faye, Moussa M. Diagne, Rea M. Kobialka, Sheila Makiala‐Mandanda, Ousmane Faye, Oumar Faye, Ahmed A. El Wahed, Manfred Weidmann
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Ruth Aguilar, Alfons Jiménez, Rebeca Santano, Marta Vidal, Oumou Maiga‐Ascofare, Ricardo Strauss, Joseph Bonney, Melvin Agbogbatey, Odin Goovaerts, Eric E. A. Boham, Evan A. Adu, Inocencia Cuamba, Anna Ramírez‐Morros, Sheetij Dutta, Evelina Angov, Bin Zhan, Luis Izquierdo, Pere Santamaria, Alfredo Mayor, Joaquim Gascón, Anna Ruiz‐Comellas, Luis M. Molinos‐Albert, John H. Amuasi, Anthony A.‐A. Awuah, Wim Adriaensen, Carlota Dobaño, Gemma Moncunill
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Chau Quang, Amy W. Chung, Troy J. Kemp, Tupou Ratu, Evelyn Tuivaga, Fiona M. Russell, Paul V. Licciardi, Zheng Q. Toh
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Augustine Asare Boadu, Michelle Yeboah-Manu, Stephen Osei-Wusu, Dorothy Yeboah-Manu
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is substantial, and these diseases disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations, including people living in poverty, malnourished individuals, and the aged. TB remains a significant global health challenge despite sustained efforts to prevent, detect, and treat the disease [1]. It is the 13th cause of death worldwide and the deadliest infectious disease after COVID-19, and experts predict that if not controlled, it will become the world\'s number one cause of death [1,2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Early diagnosis of HIV infection decreases the time from HIV diagnosis to viral suppression and reduces further HIV transmission. The Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HIV/AIDS (2021 edition) state that an HIV RNA level > 5,000 copies/mL is the threshold for diagnosing HIV infection. The impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis needs to be investigated. Methods There were 3455 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV1 + 2) antibody results (immunoblotting method) and 65,129 HIV viral load values at Beijing Youan Hospital from 2019 to 2022. A total of 2434 patients had both antibody confirmatory results and viral load results. The confirmatory antibody results and HIV viral load results of 2434 patients were analyzed to investigate the impact of low viral load values on HIV diagnosis. Results Of the 2434 patients who had both confirmatory antibody results and viral load results, the viral load values of 140 patients (5.8%) had viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 5,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result, and of these 140 patients, the sample receipt time for the viral load tests of 96 (66.7%) individuals was 1 to 6 days earlier than the corresponding sample receipt time for the confirmatory antibody test. In addition, 34 patients (1.4%) had low viral loads ranging from 40 copies/mL to 1,000 copies/mL before positive confirmatory antibody result. Conclusion This study revealed that there is a risk of missed diagnosis if a threshold of 5000 copies/mL is used for the diagnosis of HIV infection. These data provide valuable information for the early diagnosis of HIV infection, and our findings have potential benefits for decreasing HIV transmission.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAgustina Taglialegna
Nat Rev Microbiol, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Casey Middleton and Daniel B. Larremore
Science Advances, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Paul Adepoju
Nature, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Infectious diseases (ID) physicians are increasingly faced with the challenge of caring for patients with terminal illnesses or incurable infections.Methods This was a retrospective cohort of all patients with an ID consult within an academic health system 1/1/2014 - 12/31/2023, including community, general, and transplant ID consult services.Results There were 60,820 inpatient ID consults (17,235 community, 29,999 general, and 13,586 transplant) involving 37,848 unique patients. The number of consults increased by 94% and the rate rose from 5.0 to 9.9 consults per 100 inpatients (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Abstract Background Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir is recommended for persons at risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) but remains underutilized. Information on which eligible groups are likely to benefit from treatment is needed.Methods We conducted a target trial emulation study in the Veterans Health Administration comparing nirmatrelvir–ritonavir treated versus matched untreated veterans at risk for severe COVID-19 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from April 2022 through March 2023. We measured incidence of any hospitalization or all-cause mortality at 30 days. Outcomes were measured for the entire cohort, as well as among subgroups defined by 30-day risk of death or hospitalization, estimated using an ensemble risk prediction model.Results Participants were 87% male with median age 66 years and 16% unvaccinated. Compared with matched untreated participants, those treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (n = 24 205) had a lower 30-day risk for hospitalization (1.80% vs 2.30%; risk difference [RD], −0.50% points [95% confidence interval {CI}: −.69 to −.35]) and death (0.11% vs 0.30%; RD, −0.20 [95% CI: −.24 to −.13]). The greatest reductions in combined hospitalization or death were observed in the highest risk quartile (RD −2.85 [95% CI: −3.94 to −1.76]), immunocompromised persons (RD −1.91 [95% CI: −3.09 to −.74]), and persons aged ≥75 years (RD −1.16 [95% CI: −1.73 to −.59]). No reductions were observed in the 2 lowest risk quartiles or persons younger than 65 years.Conclusions Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir was effective in reducing 30-day hospitalization and death in older veterans, those at highest predicted risk for severe outcomes, and immunocompromised groups. Benefit was not observed in younger veterans or groups at lower predicted risk for hospitalization and death.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFengjuan Tian Jing Li Yang Liu Wenli Liu Yue Liu Shan Xu Yigang Tong Fumin Feng a Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology (Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis), Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
The PLOS ONE Staff
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Laura P. Chen, Kristina Singh-Verdeflor, Michelle M. Kelly, Daniel J. Sklansky, Kristin A. Shadman, M. Bruce Edmonson, Qianqian Zhao, Gregory P. DeMuri, Ryan J. Coller
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Laura P. Chen, Kristina Singh-Verdeflor, Michelle M. Kelly, Daniel J. Sklansky, Kristin A. Shadman, M. Bruce Edmonson, Qianqian Zhao, Gregory P. DeMuri, Ryan J. Coller Objectives Children with medical complexity experienced health disparities during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Language may compound these disparities since people speaking languages other than English (LOE) also experienced worse COVID-19 outcomes. Our objective was to investigate associations between household language for children with medical complexity and caregiver COVID-19 vaccine intentions, testing knowledge, and trusted sources of information. Methods This cross-sectional survey of caregivers of children with medical complexity ages 5 to 17 years was conducted from April-June 2022. Children with medical complexity had at least 1 Complex Chronic Condition. Households were considered LOE if they reported speaking any language other than English. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between LOE and COVID-19 vaccine intentions, interpretation of COVID-19 test results, and trusted sources of information. Results We included 1,338 caregivers of children with medical complexity (49% response rate), of which 133 (10%) had household LOE (31 total languages, 58% being Spanish). There was no association between household LOE and caregiver COVID-19 vaccine intentions. Caregivers in households with LOE had similar interpretations of positive COVID-19 test results, but significantly different interpretations of negative results. Odds of interpreting a negative test as expected (meaning the child does not have COVID-19 now or can still get the virus from others) were lower in LOE households (aOR [95% CI]: 0.56 [0.34–0.95]). Households with LOE were more likely to report trusting the US government to provide COVID-19 information (aOR [95% CI]: 1.86 [1.24–2.81]). Conclusion Differences in COVID-19 test interpretations based on household language for children with medical complexity were observed and could contribute to disparities in outcomes. Opportunities for more inclusive public health messaging likely exist.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan Yang, Hualong Fang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Juan Yang, Hualong Fang In the digital era, the integration of technology within business processes is pivotal for organizational efficiency. This study investigates the impact of IT characteristics-specifically IT representation, IT reach, and monitoring capability-on the virtualizability of business processes, utilizing the frameworks of Embodied Social Presence Theory (ESPT) and Process Virtualization Theory (PVT). Our objective is to explore how these IT characteristics, through the mediation of embodied co-presence, enhance business process virtualizability in the context of collaborative tools. Addressing a gap in existing literature, we propose that beyond facilitating virtualization, IT characteristics deeply influence virtual processes by integrating human-centric experiences of co-presence. To examine this, we analyzed data from 311 Korean employees with remote work experience during the COVID-19 pandemic using Smart-PLS 4. Our findings indicate that IT representation and IT reach significantly contribute to business process virtualizability, mediated by embodied co-presence. Surprisingly, monitoring capability did not significantly affect either embodied co-presence or process virtualizability, challenging initial assumptions. This study bridges ESPT and PVT to offer new insights into the roles of IT characteristics in process virtualization, highlighting the importance of human-centric IT design. The results provide valuable guidance for businesses and developers of collaborative tools, underscoring the need to enhance virtual work environments through technology that fosters a sense of presence and collaboration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDuanyi Song, Xuefang Tang, Juan Du, Kang Tao, Yun Li
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Duanyi Song, Xuefang Tang, Juan Du, Kang Tao, Yun Li Background and objective Pulmonary fibrosis caused by lung injury is accompanied by varying degrees of inflammation, and diazepam can reduce the levels of inflammatory factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether diazepam can inhibit inflammation and ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the let-7a-5p/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) axis. Methods Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce cell pyroptosis in an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. After treatment with diazepam, changes in cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed, and the occurrence of inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in the mice was detected. Results The results showed that LPS can successfully induce cell pyroptosis and inflammatory responses and cause lung fibrosis in mice. Diazepam inhibits the expression of pyroptosis-related factors and inflammatory factors; moreover, it attenuates the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Mechanistically, diazepam can upregulate the expression of let-7a-5p, inhibit the expression of MYD88, and reduce inflammation and inhibit pulmonary fibrosis by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis. Conclusion Our findings indicated that diazepam can inhibit LPS-induced pyroptosis and inflammatory responses and alleviate pulmonary fibrosis in mice by regulating the let-7a-5p/MYD88 axis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShannon H. Romer, Kaitlyn M. Miller, Martha J. Sonner, Victoria T. Ethridge, Nathan M. Gargas, Joyce G. Rohan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Shannon H. Romer, Kaitlyn M. Miller, Martha J. Sonner, Victoria T. Ethridge, Nathan M. Gargas, Joyce G. Rohan Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide associated with numerous health effects including motor performance decrements. While many studies have focused on the health effects following acute chlorpyrifos poisonings, almost no studies have examined the effects on motoneurons following occupational-like exposures. The main objective of this study was to examine the broad effects of repeated occupational-like chlorpyrifos exposures on spinal motoneuron soma size relative to motor activity. To execute our objective, adult rats were exposed to chlorpyrifos via oral gavage once a day, five days a week for two weeks. Chlorpyrifos exposure effects were assessed either three days or two months following the last exposure. Three days following the last repeated chlorpyrifos exposure, there were transient effects in open-field motor activity and plasma cholinesterase activity levels. Two months following the chlorpyrifos exposures, there were delayed effects in sensorimotor gating, pro-inflammatory cytokines and spinal lumbar motoneuron soma morphology. Overall, these results offer support that subacute repeated occupational-like chlorpyrifos exposures have both short-term and longer-term effects in motor activity, inflammation, and central nervous system mechanisms.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQiuye Xia, Xiaoling Qiu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
by Qiuye Xia, Xiaoling Qiu In this study, we propose a stochastic SEIQR infectious disease model driven by Lévy noise. Firstly, we study the existence and uniqueness of the global positive solution of the model by using the stop-time. Secondly, the asymptotic behavior of the stochastic system at disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are discussed. Then, the sufficient condition for persistence under the time mean is studied. Finally, our theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 15.06.2024
Tilføjet 15.06.2024
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Albert C. Yeh, Motoko Koyama, Olivia G. Waltner, Simone A. Minnie, Julie R. Boiko, Tamer B. Shabaneh, Shuichiro Takahashi, Ping Zhang, Kathleen S. Ensbey, Christine R. Schmidt, Samuel R.W. Legg, Tomoko Sekiguchi, Ethan Nelson, Shruti S. Bhise, Andrew R. Stevens, Tracy Goodpaster, Saranya Chakka, Scott N. Furlan, Kate A. Markey, Marie E. Bleakley
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYekaterina O. OstapchukAnzhelika V. LushovaSofia A. KanNurshat AbdollaAikyn KaliRaikhan TleulievaAnastassiya V. PerfilyevaYuliya V. Perfilyeva1Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunobiotechnology, M.A. Aitkhozhin’s Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Almaty, Kazakhstan2Almaty Branch of the National Center for Biotechnology, Almaty, Kazakhstan3ECO-Consulting LLC, Almaty, Kazakhstan4Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan5Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, KazakhstanJeroen P. J. Saeij
Infection and Immunity, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Infection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence rates of infection and islet autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Methods 1050 children aged 4 to 7 months with an elevated genetic risk for type 1 diabetes were recruited from Germany, Poland, Sweden, Belgium and the UK. Reported infection episodes and islet autoantibody development were monitored until age 40 months from February 2018 to February 2023. Results The overall infection rate was 311 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 304–318) per 100 person years. Infection rates differed by age, country, family history of type 1 diabetes, and period relative to the pandemic. Total infection rates were 321 per 100 person-years (95% CI 304–338) in the pre-pandemic period (until February 2020), 160 (95% CI 148–173) per 100 person-years in the first pandemic year (March 2020—February 2021; P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Infection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Older adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have fair baseline functional capacity, yet their age and frailty may compromise their management. We compared the characteristics and management of older (≥ 75 years) versus younger adults hospitalized in ICU with hospital-acquired bloodstream infection (HA-BSI). Methods Nested cohort study within the EUROBACT-2 database, a multinational prospective cohort study including adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized in the ICU during 2019–2021. We compared older versus younger adults in terms of infection characteristics (clinical signs and symptoms, source, and microbiological data), management (imaging, source control, antimicrobial therapy), and outcomes (28-day mortality and hospital discharge). Results Among 2111 individuals hospitalized in 219 ICUs with HA-BSI, 563 (27%) were ≥ 75 years old. Compared to younger patients, these individuals had higher comorbidity score and lower functional capacity; presented more often with a pulmonary, urinary, or unknown HA-BSI source; and had lower heart rate, blood pressure and temperature at presentation. Pathogens and resistance rates were similar in both groups. Differences in management included mainly lower rates of effective source control achievement among aged individuals. Older adults also had significantly higher day-28 mortality (50% versus 34%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Our objective was to elucidate host dependent factors of disease severity in invasive group A Streptococcal disease (iGAS) using transcriptome profiling of iGAS cases of varying degrees of severity at different timepoints. To our knowledge there are no previous transcriptome studies in iGAS patients. Methods We recruited iGAS cases from June 2018 to July 2020. Whole blood samples for transcriptome analysis and serum for biomarker analysis were collected at three timepoints representing the acute (A), the convalescent (B) and the post-infection phase (C). Gene expression was compared against clinical traits and disease course. Serum chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5, an inflammatory cytokine) concentration was also measured. Results Forty-five patients were enrolled. After disqualifying degraded or impure RNAs we had 34, 31 and 21 subjects at timepoints A, B, and C, respectively. Low expression of the CCL5 gene correlated strongly with severity (death or need for intensive care) at timepoint A (AUC = 0.92), supported by low concentrations of CCL5 in sera. Conclusions Low gene expression levels and low serum concentration of CCL5 in the early stages of an iGAS infection were associated with a more severe disease course. CCL5 might have potential as a predictor of disease severity. Summary Low expression of genes of cytotoxic immunity, especially CCL5, and corresponding low serum concentrations of CCL5 associated with a severe disease course, i.e. death, or need for intensive care, in early phase of invasive group A Streptococcal disease.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Infection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract This case reports a 14-month-old child with Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS). The child presented generalized scaling erythema accompanied by skin pain, and perioral crusts and fissures and she required hospital admission for antibiotic treatment with intravenous cloxacillin and hidroelectrolyte replacement. SSSS is a blistering skin disorder, mainly affecting children, caused by specific Staphylococcus aureus strains producing exfoliative toxins. It shows erythema in skin folds progressing to blisters within 48 h, often with perioral crusts and fissures. Its diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and it often requires intravenous antibiotics for its treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Ureaplasma urealyticum is a rare pathogen associated with septic arthritis that predominantly affects patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Bacterial identification of fastidious organisms is challenging because they are undetectable by routine culture testing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of septic arthritis induced by U. urealyticum infection in Japan. Case description We describe the case of a 23-year-old Japanese female with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia (serum immunoglobulin level
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Background The landscape of Pseudomonas infective endocarditis (IE) is evolving with the widespread use of cardiac implantable devices and hospital-acquired infections. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the emerging risk factors and outcomes in Pseudomonas IE. Methods A literature search was performed in major electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar) with appropriate keywords and combinations till November 2023. We recorded data for risk factors, diagnostic and treatment modalities. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42023442807. Results A total of 218 cases (131 articles) were included. Intravenous drug use (IDUs) and prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) were major risk factors for IE (37.6% and 22%). However, the prosthetic valve was the predominant risk factor in the last two decades (23.5%). Paravalvular complications (paravalvular leak, abscess, or pseudoaneurysm) were described in 40 cases (18%), and the vast majority belonged to the aortic valve (70%). The mean time from symptom onset to presentation was 14 days. The incidence of difficult-to-treat resistant (DTR) pseudomonas was 7.4%. Valve replacement was performed in 57.3% of cases. Combination antibiotics were used in most cases (77%), with the aminoglycosides-based combination being the most frequently used (66%). The overall mortality rate was 26.1%. The recurrence rate was 11.2%. Almost half of these patients were IDUs (47%), and most had aortic valve endocarditis (76%). Conclusions This review highlights the changing epidemiology of Pseudomonas endocarditis with the emergence of prosthetic valve infections. Acute presentation and associated high mortality are characteristic of Pseudomonas IE and require aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose Most data regarding infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) comes from TAVI registries, rather than IE dedicated cohorts. The objective of our study was to compare the clinical and microbiological profile, imaging features and outcomes of patients with IE after SAVR with a biological prosthetic valve (IE-SAVR) and IE after TAVI (IE-TAVI) from 6 centres with an Endocarditis Team (ET) and broad experience in IE. Methods Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. From the time of first TAVI implantation in each centre to March 2021, all consecutive patients admitted for IE-SAVR or IE-TAVI were prospectively enrolled. Follow-up was monitored during admission and at 12 months after discharge. Results 169 patients with IE-SAVR and 41 with IE-TAVI were analysed. Early episodes were more frequent among IE-TAVI. Clinical course during hospitalization was similar in both groups, except for a higher incidence of atrioventricular block in IE-SAVR. The most frequently causative microorganisms were S. epidermidis, Enterococcus spp. and S. aureus in both groups. Periannular complications were more frequent in IE-SAVR. Cardiac surgery was performed in 53.6% of IE-SAVR and 7.3% of IE-TAVI (p=0.001), despite up to 54.8% of IE-TAVI patients had an indication. No differences were observed about death during hospitalization (32.7% vs 35.0%), and at 1-year follow-up (41.8% vs 37.5%), regardless of whether the patient underwent surgery or not. Conclusion Patients with IE-TAVI had a higher incidence of early prosthetic valve IE. Compared to IE-SAVR, IE-TAVI patients underwent cardiac surgery much less frequently, despite having surgical indications. However, in-hospital and 1-year mortality rate was similar between both groups.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Purpose The worldwide emergence and clonal spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is of great concern. In the present study, we determined the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene repertoire and genomic relatedness of CRAB isolates circulating in Serbian hospitals. Methods CRAB isolates were analyzed using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the presence of antimicrobial resistance-encoding genes, virulence factors-encoding genes, mobile genetic elements and genomic relatedness. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Results Eleven isolates exhibited an MDR resistance phenotype, while four of them were XDR. MIC90 for meropenem and imipenem were > 64 µg/mL and 32 µg/mL, respectively. While all CRABs harbored blaOXA−66 variant of blaOXA−51 gene, those assigned to STPas2, STPas636 and STPas492 had blaADC−73,blaADC−74 and blaADC−30 variants, respectively. The following acquired carbapenemases-encoding genes were found: blaOXA−72 (n = 12), blaOXA−23 (n = 3), and blaNDM−1(n = 5), and were mapped to defined mobile genetic elements. MLST analysis assigned the analyzed CRAB isolates to three Pasteur sequence types (STs): STPas2, STPas492, and STPas636. The Majority of strains belonged to International Clone II (ICII) and carried tested virulence-related genes liable for adherence, biofilm formation, iron uptake, heme biosynthesis, zinc utilization, serum resistance, stress adaptation, intracellular survival and toxin activity. Conclusion WGS elucidated the resistance and virulence profiles of CRABs isolated from clinical samples in Serbian hospitals and genomic relatedness of CRAB isolates from Serbia and globally distributed CRABs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJunchao LouDongying ZhangJingyao WuGuoding ZhuMeihua ZhangJianxia TangYaqun FangXiaoqin HeJun Cao1School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China2National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China3Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, ChinaAudrey Odom John
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Newly arrived refugees offer insights into malaria epidemiology in their countries of origin. We evaluated asymptomatic refugee children within 7 days of arrival in Uganda from South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 2022 for parasitemia, parasite species, and Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance markers. Asymptomatic P. falciparum infections were common in both populations. Co-infection with P. malariae was more common in DRC refugees. Prevalences of markers of aminoquinoline resistance (PfCRT K76T, PfMDR1 N86Y) were much higher in South Sudan refugees, of antifolate resistance (PfDHFR C59R and I164L, PfDHPS A437G and K540E) much higher in DRC refugees, and of artemisinin partial resistance (ART-R; PfK13 C469Y and A675V) moderate in both populations. Prevalences of most mutations differed from those seen in Ugandans attending health centers near the refugee centers. Refugee evaluations yielded insights into varied malaria epidemiology and identified markers of ART-R in two previously little-studied countries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Background This study sought to investigate associations between a virulence factors and phylogeny in all neonatal E. coli bloodstream infections from patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Uppsala University Hospital between 2005 to 2020.Methods A total of 37 E. coli isolates from 32 neonates were whole genome sequenced and analysed for virulence factors related to extraintestinal E. coli, patient-related data were collected retrospectively in the medical records.Results E. coli isolates that belong to phylogroup B2 were associated with mortality (OR 26, p < 0.001), extreme prematurity with delivery before gestational week 28 (OR 9, p < 0.05) and shock (OR 9, p < 0.05) compared with isolates of non-B2 group. Female neonates were more often infected by isolates of phylogroup B2 E. coli compared with male neonates (OR 7, p = 0.05). The identification of the genotoxin determinant clb coding for colibactin exhibited strong associations with mortality (OR 67, p < 0.005), gestational age (OR 18, p < 0.005), and shock (OR 26, p < 0.005).Discussion The study highlighted the correlation between neonatal E. coli bacteraemia caused by phylogroup B2 and the role of colibactin. Moreover, it emphasised sex-based differences in bloodstream infections among the bacterial population of E. coli.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGregory Farmer, Khokan C. Sikdar, TKT Lo, John Conly, Jeremy Slobodan, Jordan Ross, Samantha James, Hussain Usman, Kyle Kemp, Kristi Baker, Karen Doucette, Cheri Nijssen-Jordan, Lynora M. Saxinger, A. Mark Joffe
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
To prevent severe outcomes in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, a novel monoclonal antibody COVID-19 treatment—sotrovimab, was approved by Health Canada beginning on July 30th, 2021 [1]. Although antibody therapy was a crucial line of defense in keeping individuals out of hospitals early in the pandemic [2], following waning efficacy of neutralizing acitivty, Health Canada suspended the use of sotrovimab beginning on April 14, 2022, for confirmed COVID-19 BA.2 cases based on in vitro findings [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTafadzwa Dzinamarira, Enos Moyo
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an anticipated decline in funding from the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the U.S. President\'s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) necessitates a re-evaluation of HIV response sustainability strategies [1,2]. It will be challenging to maintain external funding for HIV at historically high levels due to concerns about the emergence of new infectious illnesses like COVID-19 and priorities in other areas, such as climate change. As a result, external funding for HIV is expected to fall [1,2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBaoqi Zeng, Xiaozhi Liu, Qingqing Yang, Junjian Wang, Qingcuo Ren, Feng Sun
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a widespread cause of lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) worldwide, posing a significant risk of severe illness among infants and older adults [1]. RSV causes an estimated 33.1 million acute lower respiratory tract infections, 3.2 million hospitalizations, and 101.4 thousand deaths in children under five years of age annually worldwide [2]. Immunizing pregnant women or healthy term-born infants during their first winter season could significantly reduce the healthcare burden associated with RSV [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadine N'dilimabaka, Laurgie Sulchérine Midanga Mougnoko, Joa Braïthe Mangombi-Pambou, Danielle Styvie Koumba Mavoungou, Linda Bohou Koumba, Schedy Koumba Moukouama, Ingrid Precylia Koumba Koumba, Florence Fenollar, Placid Mbala, Gaël Daren Maganga, Sonia Etenna Lekana-Douki, Jean-Bernard Lekana-Douki
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Monkeypox (Mpox) is a reemerging neglected zoonotic viral disease caused by MPXV, a member of Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus in the Poxviridae family. MPXV was first discovered in a captive monkey. However, its presence in several rodent species may suggest the hypothesis of these animals as potential natural reservoirs. Despite this hypothesis, the real natural reservoir remains unknown. The virus\'s ecology and natural history require a better understanding (both host range of naturally occurring sylvatic MPXV cycle and the extent of viral circulation among animals still need to be fully well established).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMcGarrigle, S. A., Prizeman, G., Spillane, C., Byrne, N., Drury, A., Polus, M., Mockler, D., Connolly, E. M., Brady, A.-M., Hanhauser, Y. P.
BMJ Open, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
ObjectivesWomen who inherit a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation are at substantially higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer than average. Several cancer risk management strategies exist to address this increased risk. Decisions about which strategies to choose are complex, personal and multifactorial for these women. Decision aids (DAs) are tools that assist patients in making health-related decisions. The aim of this scoping review was to map evidence relating to the development and testing of patient DAs for cancer unaffected BRCA mutation carriers. DesignScoping review conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI’s) scoping review methodological framework. Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science. No restrictions applied for language or publication date. A manual search was also performed. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesStudies on DAs for cancer risk management designed for or applicable to women with a pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who are unaffected by breast or ovarian cancer. Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted using a form based on the JBI instrument for extracting details of studies’ characteristics and results. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. Extracted data were tabulated. Results32 evidence sources relating to development or testing of 21 DAs were included. Four DAs were developed exclusively for cancer unaffected BRCA mutation carriers. Of these, two covered all guideline recommended risk management strategies for this population though only one of these was readily available publicly in its full version. All studies investigating DA effectiveness reported a positive effect of the DA under investigation on at least one of the outcomes evaluated, however only six DAs were tested in randomised controlled trials. ConclusionThis scoping review has mapped the landscape of the literature relating to developing and testing, DAs applicable to cancer unaffected BRCA mutation carriers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMark E. Snyder, Georgios D. Kitsios
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 12, Page 1423-1425, June 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaul K. Drain
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 12, Page 1427-1428, June 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRenu Verma, Kesia Esther da Silva, Neesha Rockwood, Roeland E. Wasmann, Nombuso Yende, Taeksun Song, Eugene Kim, Paolo Denti, Robert J. Wilkinson, Jason R. Andrews
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 12, Page 1486-1496, June 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.06.2024
Tilføjet 14.06.2024
Abstract Introduction Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection in children worldwide. Understanding its prevalence, variations, and characteristics is vital, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective The study aimed to investigate the RSV positivity rate, subtype prevalence, age and gender distribution, symptomatology, and co-infection rates during pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. Methods We analyzed data from 15,381 patients tested for RSV between 2017 and 2023. Results Our analysis revealed a 7.2% average RSV positivity rate in the pre-pandemic period, with significant fluctuations during the pandemic (1.5% in 2020 to 32.0% in 2021). We observed variations in RSVA and RSVB detection rates. The 0–4 years’ age group was consistently the most affected, with a slight male predominance. Fever and cough were common symptoms. Therapeutic interventions, particularly antiviral usage and ventilation requirements, decreased during the pandemic. We also identified variations in co-infection rates with other respiratory viruses. Conclusion Our study offers critical insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on RSV prevalence, subtype distribution, patient characteristics, and clinical management. These findings underscore the need for ongoing surveillance and adaptive public health responses.
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