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Søgeord (influenza) valgt.
357 emner vises.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Introduction A surge of human influenza A(H7N9) cases began in 2016 in China due to an antigenically distinct lineage. Data are needed about the safety and immunogenicity of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and the effects of AS03 adjuvant, prime-boost interval, and priming effects of 2013 and 2017 A(H7N9) IIVs.Methods Healthy adults (n=180), ages 19–50 years, were enrolled into this partially-blinded, randomized, multi-center Phase 2 clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 vaccination groups evaluating homologous versus heterologous prime-boost strategies with two different boost intervals (21 versus 120 days) and two dosages (3.75 or 15 μg of hemagglutinin) administered with or without AS03 adjuvant. Reactogenicity, safety, and immunogenicity measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralizing antibody titers were assessed.Results Two doses of A(H7N9) IIV were well tolerated, and no safety issues were identified. Although most participants had injection site and systemic reactogenicity, these symptoms were mostly mild to moderate in severity; injection site reactogenicity was greater in vaccination groups receiving adjuvant. Immune responses were greater after an adjuvanted second dose, and with a longer interval between prime and boost. The highest HAI GMT (95%CI) observed against the 2017 A(H7N9) strain was 133.4 (83.6, 212.6) among participants who received homologous, adjuvanted 3.75 ug+AS03/2017 doses with delayed boost interval.Conclusions Administering AS03 adjuvant with the second H7N9 IIV dose and extending the boost interval to 4 months resulted in higher peak antibody responses. These observations can broadly inform strategic approaches for pandemic preparedness. (NCT03589807)
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPatrick D.J. Sturm, Noud T.H. Hermans, Adri G.M. van der Zanden, Cas J.A. Peters, Tanja Schülin
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
To investigate the prevalence of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae and the diagnostic accuracy of the EUCAST recommended disc diffusion method to detect the increasingly prevalent ampicillin resistance due to the presence of PBP3 alterations based on mutations in the ftsI gene.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRijk, M. H., Platteel, T. N., van den Berg, T. M. C., Geersing, G.-J., Little, P., Rutten, F. H., van Smeden, M., Venekamp, R. P.
BMJ Open, 24.03.2024
Tilføjet 24.03.2024
ObjectiveTo identify and synthesise relevant existing prognostic factors (PF) and prediction models (PM) for hospitalisation and all-cause mortality within 90 days in primary care patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). DesignSystematic review. MethodsSystematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library were performed. All PF and PM studies on the risk of hospitalisation or all-cause mortality within 90 days in adult primary care LRTI patients were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool and Prediction Model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool tools for PF and PM studies, respectively. The results of included PF and PM studies were descriptively summarised. ResultsOf 2799 unique records identified, 16 were included: 9 PF studies, 6 PM studies and 1 combination of both. The risk of bias was judged high for all studies, mainly due to limitations in the analysis domain. Based on reported multivariable associations in PF studies, increasing age, sex, current smoking, diabetes, a history of stroke, cancer or heart failure, previous hospitalisation, influenza vaccination (negative association), current use of systemic corticosteroids, recent antibiotic use, respiratory rate ≥25/min and diagnosis of pneumonia were identified as most promising candidate predictors. One newly developed PM was externally validated (c statistic 0.74, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.78) whereas the previously hospital-derived CRB-65 was externally validated in primary care in five studies (c statistic ranging from 0.72 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.81) to 0.79 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.92)). None of the PM studies reported measures of model calibration. ConclusionsImplementation of existing models for individualised risk prediction of 90-day hospitalisation or mortality in primary care LRTI patients in everyday practice is hampered by incomplete assessment of model performance. The identified candidate predictors provide useful information for clinicians and warrant consideration when developing or updating PMs using state-of-the-art development and validation techniques. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022341233.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Mohd Shafiq Aazmi, Muhammad Nazri Aziz, Noor ‘Adilah Kamarudin, Jamal I-Ching Sam, Ravindran Thayan, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Wan Noraini Wan Mohamed Noor, Adelina Cheong, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Jean Khor, Eva Nabiha Zamri, Jia-Yong Lam, Zamberi Sekawi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
by Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh, Mohd Shafiq Aazmi, Muhammad Nazri Aziz, Noor ‘Adilah Kamarudin, Jamal I-Ching Sam, Ravindran Thayan, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Wan Noraini Wan Mohamed Noor, Adelina Cheong, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Jean Khor, Eva Nabiha Zamri, Jia-Yong Lam, Zamberi Sekawi Background and objectives While influenza circulates year-round in Malaysia, research data on its incidence is scarce. Yet, this information is vital to the improvement of public health through evidence-based policies. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the trends and financial costs of influenza. Methods Data for the years 2016 through 2018 were gathered retrospectively from several sources. These were existing Ministry of Health (MOH) influenza sentinel sites data, two teaching hospitals, and two private medical institutions in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Expert consensus determined the final estimates of burden for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). Economic burden was estimated separately using secondary data supplemented by MOH casemix costing. Results Altogether, data for 11,652 cases of ILI and 5,764 cases of SARI were extracted. The influenza B subtype was found to be predominant in 2016, while influenza A was more prevalent in 2017 and 2018. The distribution timeline revealed that the highest frequency of cases occurred in March and April of all three years. The costs of influenza amounted to MYR 310.9 million over the full three-year period. Conclusions The study provides valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of influenza in Malaysia. The findings reveal a consistent year-round presence of influenza with irregular seasonal peaks, including a notable influenza A epidemic in 2017 and consistent surges in influenza B incidence during March across three years. These findings underscore the significance of continuous monitoring influenza subtypes for informed healthcare strategies as well as advocate for the integration of influenza vaccination into Malaysia’s national immunization program, enhancing overall pandemic preparedness.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYiming Li, Jianfu Li, Jianping He, Cui Tao
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
by Yiming Li, Jianfu Li, Jianping He, Cui Tao Though Vaccines are instrumental in global health, mitigating infectious diseases and pandemic outbreaks, they can occasionally lead to adverse events (AEs). Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in effectively identifying and cataloging AEs within clinical reports. Utilizing data from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1990 to 2016, this study particularly focuses on AEs to evaluate LLMs’ capability for AE extraction. A variety of prevalent LLMs, including GPT-2, GPT-3 variants, GPT-4, and Llama2, were evaluated using Influenza vaccine as a use case. The fine-tuned GPT 3.5 model (AE-GPT) stood out with a 0.704 averaged micro F1 score for strict match and 0.816 for relaxed match. The encouraging performance of the AE-GPT underscores LLMs’ potential in processing medical data, indicating a significant stride towards advanced AE detection, thus presumably generalizable to other AE extraction tasks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNew England Journal of Medicine, 21.03.2024
Tilføjet 21.03.2024
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 390, Issue 12, Page 1155-1156, March 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
This self-controlled case series evaluates stroke risk after administration of either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine, either brand of the COVID-19 bivalent plus a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine on the same day, and a high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine in Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
Abstract Introduction Haemophilus influenzae (HI) is an exceedingly rare cause of infective endocarditis (IE). Case Presentation/Methods We present a case of a 90-year-old female diagnosed with HI-IE involving the native tricuspid valve in the absence of traditional risk factors for right-sided endocarditis. She was treated with a 5-week course of IV Ampicillin from negative cultures and suffered no complications. We also conducted a thorough literature review through PubMed and Google Scholar, which yielded a mere 15 reported cases of HI-IE. Results Fourteen of the reported HI-IE cases included epidemiological data, showing no gender predominance. The mean age of the subjects was 39.5, with the mitral valve being the most implicated (64%) and tricuspid valve involvement being rare (21%). Conclusion Native tricuspid valve IE is an uncommon entity, especially in the absence of IV drug use. Haemophilus influenzae is an extremely rare cause of IE, with a literature review showing merely 15 reported cases. This article cites the 16th case of HI-IE published in the literature.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWang, Q., Liu, H., Zou, L., Cun, Y., Shu, Y., Patel, N., Yu, D., Mo, X.
BMJ Open, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the early predictors of bacterial pneumonia infection in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). DesignRetrospective study. SettingA freestanding tertiary paediatric hospital in China. ParticipantsPatients admitted to the hospital due to CHD who underwent open-heart surgery. Outcome measuresWe retrospectively reviewed and analysed data from 1622 patients with CHD after CPB from June 2018 to December 2020 at the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Enrolled patients were assigned to an infection group or a non-infection group according to the presence of postoperative bacterial pneumonia infection, and the differences in clinical indicators were compared. Potential predictors were analysed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and area under the curve (AUC) analysis. ResultsAmong the 376 patients (23.2%) in the infection group, the three most common bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae in 67 patients (17.8%), Escherichia coli in 63 patients (16.8%) and Haemophilus influenzae in 53 patients (14.1%). The infection group exhibited a lower weight (8.0 (6.0–11.5) kg vs 11.0 (7.5–14.5) kg, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 13.03.2024
Tilføjet 13.03.2024
Abstract Background Influenza viruses cause pneumonia in approximately one-third of cases, and pneumonia is an important cause of death. The aim was to identify risk factors associated with severity and those that could predict the development of pneumonia. Methods This retrospective, observational study included all adult patients with confirmed influenza virus infection admitted to Son Espases University Hospital during four influenza seasons in Spain (October to May) from to 2012–2016. Results Overall, 666 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza were included, 93 (14%) of which were severe; 73 (10.9%) were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 39 (5.8%) died, and 185 (27.7%) developed pneumonia. Compared to less severe cases, patients with severe disease: were less vaccinated (40% vs. 28%, p = 0.021); presented with more confusion (26.9% vs. 6.8%), were more hypoxemic (Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2) 261 vs. 280), had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (12.3 vs. 4.0), had more coinfections (26.8% vs. 6.3%) and had more pleural effusion (14% vs. 2.6%) (last six all p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.03.2024
Tilføjet 13.03.2024
Abstract Background Despite vaccination, influenza and otitis media (OM) remain leading causes of illness. We previously found that the human respiratory commensal Haemophilus haemolyticus prevents bacterial infection in vitro and that the related murine commensal Muribacter muris delays OM development in mice. The observation that M muris pretreatment reduced lung influenza titer and inflammation suggests that these bacteria could be exploited for protection against influenza/OM.Methods Safety and efficacy of intranasal H haemolyticus at 5 × 107 colony-forming units (CFU) was tested in female BALB/cARC mice using an influenza model and influenza-driven nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) OM model. Weight, symptoms, viral/bacterial levels, and immune responses were measured.Results Intranasal delivery of H haemolyticus was safe and reduced severity of influenza, with quicker recovery, reduced inflammation, and lower lung influenza virus titers (up to 8-fold decrease vs placebo; P ≤ .01). Haemophilus haemolyticus reduced NTHi colonization density (day 5 median NTHi CFU/mL = 1.79 × 103 in treatment group vs 4.04 × 104 in placebo, P = .041; day 7 median NTHi CFU/mL = 28.18 vs 1.03 × 104; P = .028) and prevented OM (17% OM in treatment group, 83% in placebo group; P = .015).Conclusions Haemophilus haemolyticus has potential as a live biotherapeutic for prevention or early treatment of influenza and influenza-driven NTHi OM. Additional studies will deem whether these findings translate to humans and other respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang YuSi ChenHaonan ZhangYuanyuan DuanZhuogang LiLefang JiangWeihua CaoQun PengXulin Chen1Institute of Medical Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China2State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 13.03.2024
Tilføjet 13.03.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Abstract Background Influenza viruses cause pneumonia in approximately one-third of cases, and pneumonia is an important cause of death. The aim was to identify risk factors associated with severity and those that could predict the development of pneumonia. Methods This retrospective, observational study included all adult patients with confirmed influenza virus infection admitted to Son Espases University Hospital during four influenza seasons in Spain (October to May) from to 2012–2016. Results Overall, 666 patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza were included, 93 (14%) of which were severe; 73 (10.9%) were admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 39 (5.8%) died, and 185 (27.7%) developed pneumonia. Compared to less severe cases, patients with severe disease: were less vaccinated (40% vs. 28%, p = 0.021); presented with more confusion (26.9% vs. 6.8%), were more hypoxemic (Horowitz index (PaO2/FiO2) 261 vs. 280), had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (12.3 vs. 4.0), had more coinfections (26.8% vs. 6.3%) and had more pleural effusion (14% vs. 2.6%) (last six all p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 12.03.2024
Tilføjet 12.03.2024
Abstract Background In addition to preventing pneumococcal disease, emerging evidence indicates that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) might indirectly reduce viral respiratory tract infections (RTI) by affecting pneumococcal-viral interactions.Methods We performed a systematic review of interventional and observational studies published during 2000-2022 on vaccine efficacy/adjusted effectiveness (VE) and overall effect of PCV7, PCV9, PCV10, or PCV13 against viral RTI.Results Sixteen of 1671 records identified were included. Thirteen publications described effects of PCVs against viral RTIs in children. VE against influenza ranged between 41-86% (n=4), except for the 2010-2011 influenza season. In a randomized controlled trial, PCV9 displayed efficacy against any viral RTI, human seasonal coronavirus, parainfluenza, and human metapneumovirus. Data in adults were limited (n=3). PCV13 VE ranged between 4-25% against viral lower RTI, 32-35% against COVID-19 outcomes, 24-51% against human seasonal coronavirus, and 13-36% against influenza A lower RTI, with some 95%CI spanning zero. No protection was found against adenovirus or rhinovirus in children or adults.Conclusions PCVs were associated with protection against some viral RTI, with the strongest evidence for influenza in children. Limited evidence for adults was generally consistent with pediatric data. Restricting public health evaluations to confirmed pneumococcal outcomes may underestimate the full impact of PCVs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChristian Garzoni, Enos Bernasconi, Cinzia Zehnder, Simona Frigerio Malossa, Giorgio Merlani, Marco Bongiovanni
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 9.03.2024
Tilføjet 9.03.2024
Recently, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reported an increase in outpatient consultations and hospital admissions of children due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia since May 2023, and RSV, adenovirus and influenza virus since October 2023 [1], occurring earlier in the season than usually expected. Similar reports have been described also in Europe and the reported symptoms are similar to those caused by already known microorganisms in circulation. [2,3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJuan M. Pericàs
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Four years after the onset of COVID-19 as global public health threat that rapidly achieved pandemic proportions, it is has become commonplace both in layperson and expert circles to refer to it as a watershed. Its global reach, the attributable burden of deaths and morbidity, its enormous socioeconomic consequences, and the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has later joined the common pool of respiratory viruses considered in clinical practice, make COVID-19 special compared to its immediate precedents (e.g., SARS in 2002-2004, H1N1 influenza in 2009-2010, Ebola in 2014–2016 and 2018-2020, and Zola 2015-2016).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichaela Cain, Hinh Ly
Journal of Medical Virology, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
Infection, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
Abstract Purpose The massive increase of infections with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in 2022–2023 coincided in Switzerland with a change of the recommendations for the management of GAS pharyngitis. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether the clinical manifestations and management before hospitalization for GAS infection differed in 2022–2023 compared with 2013–2022. Methods Retrospective study of GAS infections requiring hospitalization in patients below 16 years. Preadmission illness (modified McIsaac score), oral antibiotic use, and outcome in 2022–2023 were compared with 2013–2022. Time series were compared with surveillance data for respiratory viruses. Results In 2022–2023, the median modified McIsaac score was lower (2 [IQR 2–3] vs. 3 [IQR 2–4], p =
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 1 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Julia Lederhofer, Yaroslav Tsybovsky, Lam Nguyen, Julie E. Raab, Adrian Creanga, Tyler Stephens, Rebecca A. Gillespie, Hubza Z. Syeda, Brian E. Fisher, Michelle Skertic, Christina Yap, Andrew J. Schaub, Reda Rawi, Peter D. Kwong, Barney S. Graham, Adrian B. McDermott, Sarah F. Andrews, Neil P. King, Masaru Kanekiyo
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Purpose The massive increase of infections with Group A Streptococcus (GAS) in 2022–2023 coincided in Switzerland with a change of the recommendations for the management of GAS pharyngitis. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether the clinical manifestations and management before hospitalization for GAS infection differed in 2022–2023 compared with 2013–2022. Methods Retrospective study of GAS infections requiring hospitalization in patients below 16 years. Preadmission illness (modified McIsaac score), oral antibiotic use, and outcome in 2022–2023 were compared with 2013–2022. Time series were compared with surveillance data for respiratory viruses. Results In 2022–2023, the median modified McIsaac score was lower (2 [IQR 2–3] vs. 3 [IQR 2–4], p =
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerson, Stephen J.; Hoffman, McKenna; Abouzahr, Fadi; Ahmad, Mohammad; Sterling, Rachel K.; Gidwani, Hitesh; Sousse, Linda E.; Dellavolpe, Jeffrey D.
Critical Care Explorations, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
BACKGROUND: Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a fulminant complication of predominantly invasive group A streptococcal infections. STSS is often characterized by influenza-like symptoms, including fever, chills, and myalgia that can quickly progress to sepsis with hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, and multiple organ failure (kidney, liver, lung, or blood). Mortality can exceed 50% depending on the severity of symptoms. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we describe a novel, multi-extracorporeal intervention strategy in a case of severe septic shock secondary to STSS. A 28-year-old woman 5 days after cesarean section developed STSS with respiratory distress, hypotension, and multiple organ failure. Despite conventional therapy with intubation, antibiotics, vasopressors, and fluid resuscitation, her condition worsened. She was placed on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) with subsequent initiation of pathogen hemoperfusion using the Seraph 100 blood filter, followed by immunomodulation with the selective cytopheretic device (SCD). No device-related adverse events were observed. The patient’s condition gradually stabilized with discontinuation of vasopressors after 4 days, ECMO decannulation after 6 days, evidence of renal recovery after 7 days, and extubation from mechanical ventilation after 14 days. She was transferred to conventional hemodialysis after 13 days and discontinued all kidney replacement therapy 11 days later. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported use of VA-ECMO, Seraph 100 hemoperfusion, and cell-directed immunomodulation with SCD. This multimodal approach to extracorporeal support represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the most refractory critical care cases. Further studies are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of this sequential approach.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Iolanda Vieira Anahory MonjaneHernâni DjedjeEsmeralda TameleVirgínia NhabombaAlmiro Rogério TivaneZacarias Elias MassicameDercília Mudanisse AroneAmbra PastoriAlessio BortolamiIsabella MonneTimothy WomaCharles E. LamienWilliam G. Dundona Directorate of Animal Science, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Agrarian Research Institute of Mozambique, Maputo, Mozambiqueb Mozambique One Health Secretariat, National Health Institute, Maputo, Mozambiquec Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, National Directorate of Livestock Development, Maputo, Mozambiqued Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences (BSBIO), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padova, Italye Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases (ECTAD), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Maputo, Mozambiquef Animal Production and Health Laboratory, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
Emerg Microbes Infect, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Naru Zhang, Zihui Ye, Cun Li, Jie Zhou, Wei Xue, Luying Xiang, Yuewen Chen, Shuchang Chen, Rouhan Ye, Jingyin Dong, Jie Zhou, Shibo Jiang, Haijun Han
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Arnold S. Monto, Maria Zambon, Jerry P. Weir
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Yuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
by Yuda Wang, Yan Liu, Guangtao Liu, Xiuxiu Sun, Zizhe Zhang, Jianyong Shen Purpose To assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2018–2022 and provide insights for influenza prevention. Methods Following the National Influenza Surveillance Program, we conducted pathogen surveillance by randomly sampling throat swabs from cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) at two sentinel hospitals. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3,813,471 cases were treated at two hospitals in Huzhou, China. Among them, there were 112,385 cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), accounting for 2.95% of the total number of cases. A total of 11,686 ILI throat swab samples were tested for influenza viruses, with 1,602 cases testing positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, resulting in a positivity rate of 13.71%. Among the positive strains, there were 677 strains of A(H3N2) virus, 301 strains of A(H1N1) virus, 570 strains of B/Victoria virus, and 54 strains of B/Yamagata virus. The ILI percentage (ILI%) and influenza nucleic acid positivity rate showed winter-spring peaks in the years 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022, with the peaks concentrated in January and February. Additionally, a small peak was observed in August 2022 during the summer season. No peak was observed during the winter-spring season of 2020. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in children aged 0–4 years, followed by school-age children aged 5–14 years. There was a positive correlation between ILI% and influenza virus nucleic acid positivity rate (r = 0.60, p < 0.05). Conclusions The influenza outbreak in Huzhou from 2020 to 2022 was to some extent influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures. After the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influenza outbreak in Huzhou may become more severe. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly assess the influenza outbreak trends based on the ILI% and the positivity rate of influenza virus nucleic acid tests.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSk Mohiuddin Choudhury, Roman Sarkar, Rajendra Karki, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
by Sk Mohiuddin Choudhury, Roman Sarkar, Rajendra Karki, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti Regulated cell death is a key component of the innate immune response, which provides the first line of defense against infection and homeostatic perturbations. However, cell death can also drive pathogenesis. The most well-defined cell death pathways can be categorized as nonlytic (apoptosis) and lytic (pyroptosis, necroptosis, and PANoptosis). While specific triggers are known to induce each of these cell death pathways, it is unclear whether all cell types express the cell death proteins required to activate these pathways. Here, we assessed the protein expression and compared the responses of immune and non-immune cells of human and mouse origin to canonical pyroptotic (LPS plus ATP), apoptotic (staurosporine), necroptotic (TNF-α plus z-VAD), and PANoptotic (influenza A virus infection) stimuli. When compared to fibroblasts, both mouse and human innate immune cells, macrophages, expressed higher levels of cell death proteins and activated cell death effectors more robustly, including caspase-1, gasdermins, caspase-8, and RIPKs, in response to specific stimuli. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the cell type when examining the mechanisms regulating inflammation and cell death. Improved understanding of the cell types that contain the machinery to execute different forms of cell death and their link to innate immune responses is critical to identify new strategies to target these pathways in specific cellular populations for the treatment of infectious diseases, inflammatory disorders, and cancer.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 27.02.2024
Tilføjet 27.02.2024
Abstract Bacterial pneumonia greatly contributes to the disease burden and mortality of lower respiratory tract infections among all age groups and risk profiles. Therefore, laboratory modelling of bacterial pneumonia remains important for elucidating the complex host-pathogen interactions and to determine drug efficacy and toxicity. In vitro cell culture enables for the creation of high-throughput, specific disease models in a tightly controlled environment. Advanced human cell culture models specifically, can bridge the research gap between the classical two-dimensional cell models and animal models. This review provides an overview of the current status of the development of complex cellular in vitro models to study bacterial pneumonia infections, with a focus on air-liquid interface models, spheroid, organoid, and lung-on-a-chip models. For the wide scale, comparative literature search, we selected six clinically highly relevant bacteria (P. aeruginosa, M. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. tuberculosis, S. pneumoniae, and S. aureus). We reviewed the cell lines that are commonly used, as well as trends and discrepancies in the methodology, ranging from cell infection parameters to assay read-outs. We also highlighted the importance of model validation and data transparency in guiding the research field towards more complex infection models.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicolas Fortin, Mathilde Hénaut, Nathalie Goyette, René Maltais, Jean‐Yves Sancéau, André Marette, Donald Poirier, Yacine Abed, Guy Boivin
Journal of Medical Virology, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
Irina Gaisina, Ping Li, Ruikun Du, Qinghua Cui, Meiyue Dong, Chengcheng Zhang, Balaji Manicassamy, Michael Caffrey, Terry Moore, Laura Cooper, Lijun Rong
Science Advances, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background Influenza and flu-like syndromes are difficult to monitor because the symptoms are not specific, laboratory tests are not routinely performed, and diagnosis codes are often lacking or incompletely registered in medical records. This may result in an underestimation of hospital admissions, associated costs, and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the public health and economic burden of hospitalisations associated with influenza in Italy, at the national and regional levels. Methods This 11-year retrospective study included patients admitted to hospitals for influenza or diagnoses associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) from 2008/09 to 2018/19. Data on hospitalisations were extracted from the Italian Hospital Discharge Records. Information on weekly influenza-like syndrome incidence and weekly average temperature were used to estimate the burden of influenza in terms of hospital admissions in every Italian region and for different age groups by applying a negative binomial model. The model was also applied to estimate in-hospital mortality and the total costs of influenza and influenza-like hospital admissions. Results Over the study period, in addition to 3,970 average seasonal admissions coded as influenza, we estimated an average of 21,500 excess hospitalization associated with influenza per season, which corresponds to 36.4 cases per 100,000. Most of the excess hospitalisations concerned older individuals (> 65 years) and children (0–4 years) with 86 and 125 cases per 100,000, respectively. Large variations were observed across regions. Overall, the total estimated hospital burden associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) was approximately €123 m per year. While the in-hospital mortality for admissions with a primary diagnosis of influenza was very low (~ 150 cases per season), cases increased dramatically for primary diagnoses of influenza and pneumonia (about 9,500 cases per season). The average seasonal in-hospital deaths attributable to influenza were equal to 2,775 cases. Conclusions Our findings suggest a remarkable underestimation of the burden of influenza, mostly in the older population but not neglectable in younger individuals. Our results may aid the management of current and future flu seasons and should be used for policy making (e.g., vaccine strategies) and operation management choices (e.g., planning and staffing beds during influenza peaks). Overall, the present study supports the need for increased testing for influenza in Italy to tackle the current underestimation of influenza burden.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJessie J. Goldsmith, Christy Vu, Ziheng Zhu, Jennifer MacLachlan, Tilda N. Thomson, Patricia Therese Campbell, Katherine B. Gibney
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Invasive group A streptococcal disease (iGAS) is a rare and life-threatening infection. It occurs when group A Streptococcus bacteria (GAS, Streptococcus pyogenes) invade otherwise sterile sites of the body, such as the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.[1] Globally, it is estimated that 15–25% of iGAS cases are fatal.[1] Severe manifestations such as sepsis, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) and necrotising fasciitis have higher case fatality rates, even in well-resourced settings.[1, 2] iGAS is managed with antibiotics, and often requires surgery and supportive care for organ dysfunction.[2] However, patients frequently experience rapid clinical progression and urgent medical attention is critical.[2] It is imperative that the factors that increase the risk of iGAS are well understood to support early diagnosis and rapid institution of life-saving medical care.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDavid PlotnikJennifer E. SagerMadhukar AryalMarie C. FangetAlessia PeterMichael A. SchmidDeborah CebrikErik MogalianKeith BoundyWendy W. YehPaul GriffinMaribel Reyes1Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California, USA2Humabs BioMed, SA, Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland3Mater Health and University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background Influenza and flu-like syndromes are difficult to monitor because the symptoms are not specific, laboratory tests are not routinely performed, and diagnosis codes are often lacking or incompletely registered in medical records. This may result in an underestimation of hospital admissions, associated costs, and in-hospital mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the public health and economic burden of hospitalisations associated with influenza in Italy, at the national and regional levels. Methods This 11-year retrospective study included patients admitted to hospitals for influenza or diagnoses associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) from 2008/09 to 2018/19. Data on hospitalisations were extracted from the Italian Hospital Discharge Records. Information on weekly influenza-like syndrome incidence and weekly average temperature were used to estimate the burden of influenza in terms of hospital admissions in every Italian region and for different age groups by applying a negative binomial model. The model was also applied to estimate in-hospital mortality and the total costs of influenza and influenza-like hospital admissions. Results Over the study period, in addition to 3,970 average seasonal admissions coded as influenza, we estimated an average of 21,500 excess hospitalization associated with influenza per season, which corresponds to 36.4 cases per 100,000. Most of the excess hospitalisations concerned older individuals (> 65 years) and children (0–4 years) with 86 and 125 cases per 100,000, respectively. Large variations were observed across regions. Overall, the total estimated hospital burden associated with influenza (including respiratory and cardiocirculatory conditions) was approximately €123 m per year. While the in-hospital mortality for admissions with a primary diagnosis of influenza was very low (~ 150 cases per season), cases increased dramatically for primary diagnoses of influenza and pneumonia (about 9,500 cases per season). The average seasonal in-hospital deaths attributable to influenza were equal to 2,775 cases. Conclusions Our findings suggest a remarkable underestimation of the burden of influenza, mostly in the older population but not neglectable in younger individuals. Our results may aid the management of current and future flu seasons and should be used for policy making (e.g., vaccine strategies) and operation management choices (e.g., planning and staffing beds during influenza peaks). Overall, the present study supports the need for increased testing for influenza in Italy to tackle the current underestimation of influenza burden.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
Abstract Background Application of accumulated experience and management measures in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generally depended on the subjective judgment of epidemic intensity, with the quality of prevention and control management being uneven. The present study was designed to develop a novel risk management system for COVID-19 infection in outpatients, with the ability to provide accurate and hierarchical control based on estimated risk of infection. Methods Infection risk was estimated using an auto regressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA). Weekly surveillance data on influenza-like-illness (ILI) among outpatients at Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University and Baidu search data downloaded from the Baidu Index in 2021 and 22 were used to fit the ARIMA model. The ability of this model to estimate infection risk was evaluated by determining the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), with a Delphi process used to build consensus on hierarchical infection control measures. COVID-19 control measures were selected by reviewing published regulations, papers and guidelines. Recommendations for surface sterilization and personal protection were determined for low and high risk periods, with these recommendations implemented based on predicted results. Results The ARIMA model produced exact estimates for both the ILI and search engine data. The MAPEs of 20-week rolling forecasts for these datasets were 13.65% and 8.04%, respectively. Based on these two risk levels, the hierarchical infection prevention methods provided guidelines for personal protection and disinfection. Criteria were also established for upgrading or downgrading infection prevention strategies based on ARIMA results. Conclusion These innovative methods, along with the ARIMA model, showed efficient infection protection for healthcare workers in close contact with COVID-19 infected patients, saving nearly 41% of the cost of maintaining high-level infection prevention measures and enhancing control of respiratory infections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 18.02.2024
Tilføjet 18.02.2024
Abstract Purpose In late 2022, a surge of severe S. pyogenes infections was reported in several European countries. This study assessed hospitalizations and disease severity of community-acquired bacterial infections with S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae among children in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, during the last quarter of 2022 compared to long-term incidences. Methods Hospital cases due to bacterial infections between October and December 2022 were collected in a multicenter study (MC) from 59/62 (95%) children\'s hospitals in NRW and combined with surveillance data (2016–2023) from the national reference laboratories for streptococci, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae. Overall and pathogen-specific incidence rates (IR) from January 2016 to March 2023 were estimated via capture–recapture analyses. Expected annual deaths from the studied pathogens were calculated from national death cause statistics. Results In the MC study, 153 cases with high overall disease severity were reported with pneumonia being most common (59%, n = 91). IRs of bacterial infections declined at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and massively surged to unprecedented levels in late 2022 and early 2023 (overall hospitalizations 3.5-fold), with S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae as main drivers (18-fold and threefold). Observed deaths during the study period exceeded the expected number for the entire year in NRW by far (7 vs. 0.9). Discussion The unprecedented peak of bacterial infections and deaths in late 2022 and early 2023 was caused mainly by S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae. Improved precautionary measures are needed to attenuate future outbreaks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 17.02.2024
Tilføjet 17.02.2024
Abstract Purpose In late 2022, a surge of severe S. pyogenes infections was reported in several European countries. This study assessed hospitalizations and disease severity of community-acquired bacterial infections with S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae among children in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany, during the last quarter of 2022 compared to long-term incidences. Methods Hospital cases due to bacterial infections between October and December 2022 were collected in a multicenter study (MC) from 59/62 (95%) children\'s hospitals in NRW and combined with surveillance data (2016–2023) from the national reference laboratories for streptococci, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae. Overall and pathogen-specific incidence rates (IR) from January 2016 to March 2023 were estimated via capture–recapture analyses. Expected annual deaths from the studied pathogens were calculated from national death cause statistics. Results In the MC study, 153 cases with high overall disease severity were reported with pneumonia being most common (59%, n = 91). IRs of bacterial infections declined at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and massively surged to unprecedented levels in late 2022 and early 2023 (overall hospitalizations 3.5-fold), with S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae as main drivers (18-fold and threefold). Observed deaths during the study period exceeded the expected number for the entire year in NRW by far (7 vs. 0.9). Discussion The unprecedented peak of bacterial infections and deaths in late 2022 and early 2023 was caused mainly by S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae. Improved precautionary measures are needed to attenuate future outbreaks.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWang, B., Andraweera, P., Danchin, M., Blyth, C. C., Vlaev, I., Ong, J., Dodd, J. M., Couper, J., Sullivan, T. R., Karnon, J., Spurrier, N., Cusack, M., Mordaunt, D., Simatos, D., Dekker, G., Carlson, S., Tuckerman, J., Wood, N., Whop, L. J., Marshall, H.
BMJ Open, 17.02.2024
Tilføjet 17.02.2024
IntroductionChildren with chronic medical diseases are at an unacceptable risk of hospitalisation and death from influenza and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Over the past two decades, behavioural scientists have learnt how to design non-coercive ‘nudge’ interventions to encourage positive health behaviours. Our study aims to evaluate the impact of multicomponent nudge interventions on the uptake of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines in medically at-risk children. Methods and analysesTwo separate randomised controlled trials (RCTs), each with 1038 children, will enrol a total of approximately 2076 children with chronic medical conditions who are attending tertiary hospitals in South Australia, Western Australia and Victoria. Participants will be randomly assigned (1:1) to the standard care or intervention group. The nudge intervention in each RCT will consist of three text message reminders with four behavioural nudges including (1) social norm messages, (2) different messengers through links to short educational videos from a paediatrician, medically at-risk child and parent and nurse, (3) a pledge to have their child or themselves vaccinated and (4) information salience through links to the current guidelines and vaccine safety information. The primary outcome is the proportion of medically at-risk children who receive at least one dose of vaccine within 3 months of randomisation. Logistic regression analysis will be performed to determine the effect of the intervention on the probability of vaccination uptake. Ethics and disseminationThe protocol and study documents have been reviewed and approved by the Women’s and Children’s Health Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/22/WCHN/2022/00082). The results will be published via peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings and public forums. Trial registration numberNCT05613751.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexander Domnich, Andrea Orsi, Matilde Ogliastro, Allegra Ferrari, Bianca Bruzzone, Donatella Panatto, Giancarlo Icardi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
In adults, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and is associated with a significant burden [1]. Two adult RSV vaccines have recently been authorized [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDai, P., Qi, L., Jia, M., Li, T., Ran, H., Jiang, M., Tang, W., Yan, C., Yang, W., Ren, Y., Feng, L.
BMJ Open, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the healthcare-seeking behaviour and related factors of people with acute respiratory symptoms in the rural areas of central and western China to estimate the disease burden of influenza more accurately. DesignCross-sectional survey. SettingsFifty-two communities/villages in the Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China, a rural area in southwest China, from May 2022 to July 2022. ParticipantsThe participants were those who had been living in Wanzhou District continuously for more than 6 months and consented to participate. Outcome measuresA semistructured questionnaire was used to determine the healthcare-seeking behaviour of participants, and the dichotomous response of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ was used to assess whether participants had acute respiratory symptoms and their healthcare-seeking behaviour. ResultsOnly 50.92% (360 of 707) of the patients with acute respiratory infection visited medical and health institutions for treatment, whereas 49.08% (347 of 707) avoided treatment or opted for self-medication. The primary reason for not seeing a doctor was that patients felt their condition was not serious and visiting a medical facility for treatment was unnecessary. Short distance (87.54%) and reasonable charges (49.48%) were ranked as the most important reasons for choosing treatment at primary medical and health facilities (80.27%). The primary reasons for which patients visited secondary and tertiary hospitals (7.78% and 8.61%, respectively) were that doctors in such facilities were better at diagnosis (57.14%) and at treatment (87.10%). ConclusionThe findings provided in this study indicated that regular healthcare-seeking behaviour investigations should be conducted. The disease burden of influenza can be calculated more accurately when healthcare-seeking behaviour investigations are combined with surveillance in the hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background The aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology of human seasonal coronaviruses (HCoVs) in southern Malawi.Methods We tested for HCoVs 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on upper respiratory specimens from asymptomatic controls and individuals of all ages recruited through severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, and a prospective influenza-like illness (ILI) observational study between 2011 and 2017. We modeled the probability of having a positive PCR for each HCoV using negative binomial models, and calculated pathogen-attributable fractions (PAFs).Results Overall, 8.8% (539/6107) of specimens were positive for ≥1 HCoV. OC43 was the most frequently detected HCoV (3.1% [191/6107]). NL63 was more frequently detected in ILI patients (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR], 9.60 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.25–28.30]), while 229E (aIRR, 8.99 [95% CI, 1.81–44.70]) was more frequent in SARI patients than asymptomatic controls. In adults, 229E and OC43 were associated with SARI (PAF, 86.5% and 89.4%, respectively), while NL63 was associated with ILI (PAF, 85.1%). The prevalence of HCoVs was similar between children with SARI and controls. All HCoVs had bimodal peaks but distinct seasonality.Conclusions OC43 was the most prevalent HCoV in acute respiratory illness of all ages. Individual HCoVs had distinct seasonality that differed from temperate settings.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 13.02.2024
Tilføjet 13.02.2024
Abstract Background Unlike influenza, information on the burden of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) as a cause of hospitalizations in adults with acute respiratory illness (ARI) is limited.Methods We compared the population-based incidence, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of these two viral infections among adults aged 20 years and over with ARI hospitalisations in Auckland, New Zealand, during 2012-2015 through the Southern Hemisphere Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Research and Surveillance (SHIVERS) project.Results Of the 14,139 ARI hospitalisations, 276 (4.3%) of 6484 tested positive for HMPV and 1342 (19.1%) of 7027 tested positive for influenza. Crude rates of 9.8 (95% CI: 8.7-11.0) HMPV and 47.6 (95% CI: 45.1-50.1) influenza-associated ARI hospitalisations were estimated for every 100,000 adult residents annually. The highest rates for both viruses were in those aged 80 years or older, of Māori or Pacific ethnicity, or living in low socioeconomic status (SES) areas. HMPV infections were more common than influenza in those with chronic medical conditions.Conclusions Although HMPV infections accounted for fewer hospitalisations than influenza in adults aged 20 years and over, HMPV-associated ARI hospitalisation rates were higher than influenza in older adults, Maori and Pacific people and those of low SES. This highlighted a need for vaccine/antiviral development.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 13.02.2024
Tilføjet 13.02.2024
Abstract Objective Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) plays an important role in respiratory tract infections, and adherence to lung epithelial cells is the first step in lung infections. To explore the role of NTHi in childhood lung infections, a comparative study was conducted on the adherence of strains isolated from sputum culture and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to A549 lung epithelial cells. Methods Haemophilus influenzae strains were obtained from the sample bank of Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, and identified as NTHi via PCR detection of the capsule gene bexA. NTHi obtained from healthy children’s nasopharyngeal swabs culture were selected as the control group, and a comparative study was conducted on the adherence of strains isolated from sputum culture or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients to A549 cells. Results The adherence bacterial counts of NTHi isolated from the nasopharyngeal cultures of healthy children to A549 cells was 58.2 CFU. In patients with lung diseases, NTHi isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 104.3 CFU, and from sputum cultures was 115.1 CFU, both of which were significantly higher in their adherence to A549 cells compared to the strains isolated from the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in adherence between the strains isolated from sputum cultures and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (t = 0.5217, p = 0.6033). Conclusion NTHi played an important role in childhood pulmonary infections by enhancing its adherence to lung epithelial cells.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHazem HamzaMichael GhoshMarkus W. LöfflerHans-Georg RammenseeOliver Planza Institute for Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germanyb Virology Laboratory, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egyptc Institute for Clinical and Experimental Transfusion Medicine, Medical Faculty of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germanyd Centre for Clinical Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germanye Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germanyf German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germanyg Cluster of Excellence CMFI (EXC2124) “Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Emerg Microbes Infect, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9.02.2024
Tilføjet 9.02.2024
Abstract This study explores the relationship between influenza infection, both clinically diagnosed in primary-care and laboratory confirmed in hospital, and atherothrombotic events (acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke) in Spain. A population-based self-controlled case series design was used with individual-level data from electronic registries (n = 2,230,015). The risk of atherothrombotic events in subjects ≥50 years old increased more than 2-fold during the 14 days after the mildest influenza cases in patients with fewer risk factors and more than 4-fold after severe cases in the most vulnerable patients, remaining in them more than 2-fold for 2 months. The transient increase of the association, its gradient after influenza infection and the demonstration by 4 different sensitivity analyses provide further evidence supporting causality. This work reinforces the official recommendations for influenza prevention in at-risk groups and should also increase the awareness of even milder influenza infection and its possible complications in the general population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang Shen, Jingyu Wang, Jian Wang, Stephen Nicholas, Elizabeth Maitland, Min Lv, Tao Yin, Dawei Zhu
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
To investigate the short-term and long-term effectiveness of different level of financial incentives on increasing the willingness to vaccinate and vaccine uptake.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
From November to December 2023, US hospitalization rates increased by 200% for influenza, 51% for COVID-19, and 60% for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among all age groups, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advisory. Amid growing concern, the CDC issued the advisory about the low vaccination rates for all 3 respiratory illnesses and developed a vaccination conversation guide with talking points to help clinicians encourage uptake.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNdiaw GOUMBALLA, Fatou Samba Diouf, Mamadou BEYE, Masse Sambou, Hubert Bassène, Mamadou Dieng, Adama Aïdara, Lorlane LE TARGA, Philippe COLSON, Philippe GAUTRET, Cheikh SOKHNA
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
The Grand Magal of Touba (GMT) is the largest religious mass gathering in Senegal. An estimated 4-5 million pilgrims participate in the event each year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXin WangFeiyang PuXuanye YangXili FengJiayou ZhangKai DuanXuanxuan NianZhongren MaXiao-Xia MaXiao-Ming Yanga Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Chinab School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Chinac National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined Vaccines, Wuhan, Chinad Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co, Ltd, Wuhan, Chinae China National Biotech Group Company Limited, Beijing, China
Virulence, 7.02.2024
Tilføjet 7.02.2024
Zifeng Yang, Zhengtu Li, Yangqing Zhan, Zhengshi Lin, Zhonghao Fang, Xiaowei Xu, Lin Lin, Haijun Li, Zejun Lin, Changyuan Kang, Jingyi Liang, Shiwei Liang, Yongming Li, Shaoqiang Li, Xinyun Yang, Feng Ye, Nanshan Zhong, Onradivir Trial Recruitment and Medical Monitoring Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
Onradivir showed a safety profile comparable to placebo, as well as higher efficacy than placebo in ameliorating influenza symptoms and lowering the viral load in adult patients with uncomplicated influenza infection, especially the onradivir 600 mg once per day regimen.
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