47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HBV, HCV, direct acting agent, stikuheld) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
39 emner vises.
1
Long‐term antiviral therapy is associated with changes in the profile of transcriptionally active HBV integration in the livers of patients with CHB
Xiajie Wen, Xiaoning Wu, Yameng Sun, Jialing Zhou, Guiwen Guan, Shuyan Chen, Shan Shan, Hong Ma, Xinyan Zhao, Yu Wang, Xiaojuan Ou, Hong You, Ju‐Tao Guo, Fengmin Lu, Jidong Jia
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.06.2024
Tilføjet 2.06.2024
2
A complex case study: coexistence of multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, HBV-related liver failure, and disseminated cryptococcal infection in an AIDS patient
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.05.2024
Tilføjet 30.05.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause liver failure, while individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus Disease (AIDS) are highly susceptible to various opportunistic infections, which can occur concurrently. The treatment process is further complicated by the potential occurrence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which presents significant challenges and contributes to elevated mortality rates. Case presentation The 50-year-old male with a history of chronic hepatitis B and untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented to the hospital with a mild cough and expectoration, revealing multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB), which was confirmed by XpertMTB/RIF PCR testing and tuberculosis culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The patient was treated with a regimen consisting of linezolid, moxifloxacin, cycloserine, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for tuberculosis, as well as a combination of bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (BIC/TAF/FTC) for HBV and HIV viral suppression. After three months of treatment, the patient discontinued all medications, leading to hepatitis B virus reactivation and subsequent liver failure. During the subsequent treatment for AIDS, HBV, and drug-resistant tuberculosis, the patient developed disseminated cryptococcal disease. The patient’s condition worsened during treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole, which was ultimately attributed to IRIS. Fortunately, the patient achieved successful recovery after appropriate management. Conclusion Enhancing medical compliance is crucial for AIDS patients, particularly those co-infected with HBV, to prevent HBV reactivation and subsequent liver failure. Furthermore, conducting a comprehensive assessment of potential infections in patients before resuming antiviral therapy is essential to prevent the occurrence of IRIS. Early intervention plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates.
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3
Tenofovir Alafenamide versus Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for Preventing Vertical Transmission in Chronic Hepatitis B Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 30.05.2024
Tilføjet 30.05.2024
Abstract Objective International guidelines recommend maternal tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) therapy accompanied by infant immunoprophylaxis to prevent HBV mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in highly viremic mothers. However, pooled analyses for tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) effects and comparisons between the two regimens are lacking.Design In this meta-analysis, pairs of independent reviewers performed multiple database searches from inception to March 31, 2024, and extracted data from cohort studies and RCTs in highly viremic mothers. The outcomes of interest were the reduction of MTCT and safety in the TDF-treated, TAF-treated, and control groups.Results We included 31 studies with 2,588 highly viremic mothers receiving TDF, 280 receiving TAF, and 1,600 receiving no treatment. Compared to the control, TDF therapy reduced the MTCT rate in infants aged 6-12 months (risk ratio: 0.10, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.16). Pairwise meta-analysis between TAF and TDF revealed similar effects on reducing MTCT (risk ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.16–7.61). Network meta-analysis showed the equal efficacy of the two regimens in reducing MTCT (risk ratio: 1.09, 95% confidence interval 0.15–7.65). The surface under the cumulative ranking curve revealed TDF as the best regimen compared with TAF (probability ranking: 0.77 vs. 0.72), while receiving a placebo during pregnancy had the lowest efficacy (probability ranking 0.01). There were no safety concerns for mothers and infants in all regimens.Conclusion Compared to placebo or no treatment, maternal TDF and TAF prophylaxis are equally effective and without safety concerns in reducing MTCT in highly viremic mothers.
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4
Development of a single‐domain antibody to target a G‐quadruplex located on the hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA genome
Gerardo B. Figueroa, Simmone D'souza, Higor S. Pereira, Gunjan Vasudeva, Sara B. Figueroa, Zachary E. Robinson, Maulik D. Badmalia, Vanessa Meier‐Stephenson, Jennifer A. Corcoran, Guido van Marle, Yi Ni, Stephan Urban, Carla S. Coffin, Trushar R. Patel
Journal of Medical Virology, 29.05.2024
Tilføjet 29.05.2024
5
A complex case study: coexistence of multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, HBV-related liver failure, and disseminated cryptococcal infection in an AIDS patient
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.05.2024
Tilføjet 29.05.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause liver failure, while individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus Disease (AIDS) are highly susceptible to various opportunistic infections, which can occur concurrently. The treatment process is further complicated by the potential occurrence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which presents significant challenges and contributes to elevated mortality rates. Case presentation The 50-year-old male with a history of chronic hepatitis B and untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented to the hospital with a mild cough and expectoration, revealing multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB), which was confirmed by XpertMTB/RIF PCR testing and tuberculosis culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The patient was treated with a regimen consisting of linezolid, moxifloxacin, cycloserine, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for tuberculosis, as well as a combination of bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (BIC/TAF/FTC) for HBV and HIV viral suppression. After three months of treatment, the patient discontinued all medications, leading to hepatitis B virus reactivation and subsequent liver failure. During the subsequent treatment for AIDS, HBV, and drug-resistant tuberculosis, the patient developed disseminated cryptococcal disease. The patient’s condition worsened during treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole, which was ultimately attributed to IRIS. Fortunately, the patient achieved successful recovery after appropriate management. Conclusion Enhancing medical compliance is crucial for AIDS patients, particularly those co-infected with HBV, to prevent HBV reactivation and subsequent liver failure. Furthermore, conducting a comprehensive assessment of potential infections in patients before resuming antiviral therapy is essential to prevent the occurrence of IRIS. Early intervention plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates.
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6
A complex case study: coexistence of multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis, HBV-related liver failure, and disseminated cryptococcal infection in an AIDS patient
BMC Infectious Diseases, 29.05.2024
Tilføjet 29.05.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause liver failure, while individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus Disease (AIDS) are highly susceptible to various opportunistic infections, which can occur concurrently. The treatment process is further complicated by the potential occurrence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which presents significant challenges and contributes to elevated mortality rates. Case presentation The 50-year-old male with a history of chronic hepatitis B and untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection presented to the hospital with a mild cough and expectoration, revealing multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB), which was confirmed by XpertMTB/RIF PCR testing and tuberculosis culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The patient was treated with a regimen consisting of linezolid, moxifloxacin, cycloserine, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for tuberculosis, as well as a combination of bictegravir/tenofovir alafenamide/emtricitabine (BIC/TAF/FTC) for HBV and HIV viral suppression. After three months of treatment, the patient discontinued all medications, leading to hepatitis B virus reactivation and subsequent liver failure. During the subsequent treatment for AIDS, HBV, and drug-resistant tuberculosis, the patient developed disseminated cryptococcal disease. The patient’s condition worsened during treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and fluconazole, which was ultimately attributed to IRIS. Fortunately, the patient achieved successful recovery after appropriate management. Conclusion Enhancing medical compliance is crucial for AIDS patients, particularly those co-infected with HBV, to prevent HBV reactivation and subsequent liver failure. Furthermore, conducting a comprehensive assessment of potential infections in patients before resuming antiviral therapy is essential to prevent the occurrence of IRIS. Early intervention plays a pivotal role in improving survival rates.
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7
A holistic evaluation of patients with chronic Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection enrolled in the Italian PITER-B and Delta cohort
Loreta A. Kondili, Giuseppina Brancaccio, Maria Elena Tosti, Barbara Coco, Maria Giovanna Quaranta, Vincenzo Messina, Alessia Ciancio, Filomena Morisco, Valentina Cossiga, Ernesto Claar, Valerio Rosato, Marianna Ciarallo, Irene Cacciola, Francesca Romana Ponziani, Lucia Cerrito, Roberta Coppola, Francesco Longobardi, Elisa Biliotti, Alessia Rianda, Francesco Barbaro, Nicola Coppola, Maria Stanzione, Francesco Barchiesi, Stefano Fagiuoli, Mauro Viganò, Marco Massari, Francesco Paolo Russo, Alberto Ferrarese, Diletta Laccabue, Vito Di Marco, Pierluigi Blanc, Aldo Marrone, Giulia Morsica, Alessandro Federico, Donatella Ieluzzi, Alba Rocco, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Alessandro Soria, Ivana Maida, Luchino Chessa, Michele Milella, Elena Rosselli del Turco, Salvatore Madonia, Liliana Chemello, Ivan Gentile, Pierluigi Toniutto, Matteo Bassetti, Lorenzo Surace, Leonardo Baiocchi, Adriano Pellicelli, Adriano De Santis, Massimo Puoti, Elisabetta Degasperi, Grazia Anna Niro, Anna Linda Zignego, Antonio Craxi, Giovanni Raimondo, Teresa Antonia Santantonio, Maurizia Rossana Brunetto, Giovanni Battista Gaeta, on behalf of PITER Collaborating Investigators
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.05.2024
Tilføjet 26.05.2024
Chronic infection by the Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) causes aggressive and difficult-to-treat Hepatitis in Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients [1]. The epidemiological profiles of chronic Hepatitis D (CHD) have changed in the last decades [2–4] mainly due to Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination campaigns in most countries and increasing immigration from areas where HDV is endemic [5–14].
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8
Selective depletion of HBV-infected hepatocytes by class A capsid assembly modulators requires high levels of intrahepatic HBV core protein
Dmytro KornyeyevZhijuan SongStacey EngCameron SouletteRicardo RamirezJennifer TangQin YueRaju SubramanianShiva ZaboliChristina MoonJane TamJens BrodbeckAbhishek AggarwalLauri DiehlSimon P. FletcherAnastasia HyrinaMeghan M. HoldorfDara Burdette1Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 24.05.2024
Tilføjet 24.05.2024
9
Exploring the determinants of risk behavior for transfusion transmissible infections among first-time blood donors in Mandalay General Hospital, Myanmar
Myo Zin Oo, Soe Sandi Tint, Nutchar Wiwatkunupakarn, Alessio Panza, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Kyaw Min Oo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.05.2024
Tilføjet 24.05.2024
by Myo Zin Oo, Soe Sandi Tint, Nutchar Wiwatkunupakarn, Alessio Panza, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Kyaw Min Oo Introduction Blood donation is vital to healthcare, but it must be kept safe by mitigating the risk of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs). The objective of this study was to investigate the factors that influence risk behavior for transfusion transmissible infections among first-time blood donors at Mandalay General Hospital, Myanmar. Methods This study utilized a cross-sectional study design using secondary data. Mandalay city and Mandalay Blood Bank in Mandalay General Hospital were purposely selected and a total of 406 first-time blood donors participated. A structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer was used. The questionnaire contained background characteristics, knowledge on TTIs, attitude toward TTIs, and TTIs risk behaviors. To examine the determinants (background characteristics, knowledge, and attitude) that affect risk behavior, inferential statistics techniques that included the chi-squared test, bivariable logistic regression, and multivariable logistic regression were applied. A p-value of less than 0.05 signified statistical significance. Results Among 406 first-time blood donors, 52.9% were under 20 years old, and 53.7% were male. Most had undergraduate education (77.6%), were married (84.2%), and were students (55.7%). Additionally, 76.8% hadn’t received the hepatitis B vaccine. Blood groups were distributed as follows: B (40.0%), O (33.8%), A (23.4%), AB (8.9%). About 15.8% showed high knowledge level, and 63.6% had high attitude. Notably, 29.3% exhibited high-risk behavior for TTIs. Age was associated with lower risk behavior (OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.99, 2.38, p = 0.049), but lost significance in multivariable regression (p = 0.214). Knowledge on TTIs didn’t show significance. However, high attitudes were significantly associated with lower risk behavior (OR = 11.4, 95% CI: 1.25, 103.83, p = 0.017, retained in multivariable regression, p = 0.012). Conclusion Findings of this study contribute in the development of programs that ensure a safe and reliable blood supply chain. To improve blood safety standards among first-time blood donors, this study highlights the value of targeted education and screening processes, placing particular emphasis on acquiring knowledge and positive attitude toward blood donation and risk behavior.
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10
KLRG1-expressing CD8+ T cells are exhausted and polyfunctional in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Li Wang, Fangli Liao, Liping Yang, Linshan Jiang, Liang Duan, Bo Wang, Di Mu, Juan Chen, Ying Huang, Qin Hu, Weixian Chen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 23.05.2024
Tilføjet 23.05.2024
by Li Wang, Fangli Liao, Liping Yang, Linshan Jiang, Liang Duan, Bo Wang, Di Mu, Juan Chen, Ying Huang, Qin Hu, Weixian Chen Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) has traditionally been regarded as an inhibitory receptor of T cell exhaustion in chronic infection and inflammation. However, its exact role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains elusive. CD8+ T cells from 190 patients with chronic hepatitis B were analyzed ex vivo for checkpoint and apoptosis markers, transcription factors, cytokines and subtypes in 190 patients with chronic hepatitis B. KLRG1+ and KLRG1− CD8+ T cells were sorted for transcriptome analysis. The impact of the KLRG1-E-cadherin pathway on the suppression of HBV replication mediated by virus-specific T cells was validated in vitro. As expected, HBV-specific CD8+ T cells expressed higher levels of KLRG1 and showed an exhausted molecular phenotype and function. However, despite being enriched for the inhibitory molecules, thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein (TOX), eomesodermin (EOMES), and Helios, CD8+ T cells expressing KLRG1 produced significant levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, perforin, and granzyme B, demonstrating not exhausted but active function. Consistent with the in vitro phenotypic assay results, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data showed that signature effector T cell and exhausted T cell genes were enriched in KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, in vitro testing confirmed that KLRG1−E-cadherin binding inhibits the antiviral efficacy of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells. Based on these findings, we concluded that KLRG1+ CD8+ T cells are not only a terminally exhausted subgroup but also exhibit functional diversity, despite inhibitory signs in HBV infection.
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11
Predictive role of early treatment dynamics of HBV RNA and HBcrAg for HBeAg seroconversion in children with chronic hepatitis B
Xin Lai, Wenxian OuYang, Shuangjie Li, Jun Qiu, Hui Zhang, Tao Jiang, Xiaomei Qin, Lian Tang, Yingping Gu, Zhenzhen Yao, Songxu Peng
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.05.2024
Tilføjet 22.05.2024
12
Barriers to accessing hepatitis B medication: a qualitative study from the USA and Canada
Jackson, M., Ibrahim, Y., Freeland, C., Jacob, S., Zovich, B., Cohen, C.
BMJ Open, 22.05.2024
Tilføjet 22.05.2024
ObjectivesTo collect and document the numerous barriers that people living with hepatitis B (PLHB) encounter when trying to access their hepatitis B virus (HBV) medications. DesignResearchers collected qualitative data through 24 online interviews. The semistructured interview questions focused on the impact that HBV has on different aspects of daily life (physical, emotional and social), personal experiences managing their infection, HBV treatment experiences and interactions with healthcare providers. SettingAll interviews occurred over Zoom. ParticipantsThe participant cohort consisted of 12 males and 12 females. 63% of all participants represented communities of colour (37% white, 17% black/African/African American and 46% Asian/Asian American). Most of the participants were on antiviral treatment at the time of the study (62%). Participants were PLHB (self-reported), ≥18 years old, living in the USA or Canada and spoke English. ResultsParticipants reported several barriers to accessing medicine among PLHB including financial barriers, health insurance and pharmacy preauthorisation process and other intangible barriers like lack of access to reliable patient-friendly information and stigma. The identified barriers to accessing HBV medication impacted patients’ continuity of care. ConclusionsAccess to medicine is essential to improving health outcomes. PLHB experience significant barriers to accessing HBV antivirals at different levels. Patient-related, physician-related and healthcare system barriers were identified as themes contributing to antiviral access challenges. More research is needed to identify strategies to improve access to HBV medications.
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13
Comparison of diagnostic performance among Abbott RealTime HCV Genotyping II, Abbott HCV Genotype plus RUO, and Roche Cobas HCV Genotyping assays for hepatitis C virus genotyping
Yu‐Ping Chang, Chiuan‐Bo Huang, Tung‐Hung Su, Chun‐Jen Liu, Tai‐Chung Tseng, Shang‐Chin Huang, Pei‐Jer Chen, Jia‐Horng Kao, Chen‐Hua Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.05.2024
Tilføjet 21.05.2024
14
Population pharmacokinetics of ravidasvir in adults with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and impact of antiretroviral treatment
Navarat PanjasawatwongAnchalee AvihingsanonCaroline MenétreyIsabela RibeiroNicolas SalvadoriAlistair SwansonJean-Yves GillonSoek-Siam TanSombat ThanprasertsukSatawat ThongsawatTim R. Cressey1Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand2The HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand3Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, Geneva, Switzerland4AMS-PHPT Collaboration, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand5Department of Hepatology, Selayang Hospital, Selayang, Malaysia6Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand7Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, James E. Leggett
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 20.05.2024
Tilføjet 20.05.2024
15
The Obstacle is the Way: Finding a Path to Hepatitis C Elimination
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 19.05.2024
Tilføjet 19.05.2024
Recently, the Biden-Harris administration proposed a 5-year program to eliminate HCV infection as a public health problem in the United States.[1] This HCV Elimination Program, housed within the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health and led by former US National Institutes of Health Director Francis Collins, aims to expand screening, treatment, prevention, and surveillance of HCV infection in the United States. It is rare to consider the elimination of any infectious disease, but the availability of highly effective HCV antivirals and the development of point-of-care HCV RNA tests make the national program’s aims feasible.[2]
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16
Autophagy‐related protein 5 (ATG5) interacts with bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) to stimulate HBV replication through antagonizing the antiviral activity of BST2
Qingyuan Li, Wenxian Wen, Yijin Wang, Tao Gong, Xinwei Wang, Qi Tan, Bin Fan, He Xie, Yujia Li, Shilin Li, Chunhui Yang, Zhonghui Zhou, Xiaoqiong Duan, Wenyu Lin, Limin Chen
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
17
Four weeks of off‐treatment follow‐up is sufficient to determine virologic responses at off‐treatment week 12 in patients with hepatitis C virus infection receiving fixed‐dose pangenotypic direct‐acting antivirals
Chen‐Hua Liu, Yu‐Ping Chang, Ji‐Yuh Lee, Chi‐Yi Chen, Wei‐Yu Kao, Chih‐Lin Lin, Sheng‐Shun Yang, Yu‐Lueng Shih, Cheng‐Yuan Peng, Fu‐Jen Lee, Ming‐Chang Tsai, Shang‐Chin Huang, Tung‐Hung Su, Tai‐Chung Tseng, Chun‐Jen Liu, Pei‐Jer Chen, Jia‐Horng Kao
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
18
Associations of CD4 cell count measures with infection-related and infection-unrelated cancer risk among people with HIV
Nicolau, Ioana A.; Moineddin, Rahim; Brooks, Jennifer D.; Antoniou, Tony; Gillis, Jennifer L.; Kendall, Claire E.; Cooper, Curtis; Cotterchio, Michelle; Salters, Kate; Smieja, Marek; Kroch, Abigail E.; Price, Colleen; Mohamed, Anthony; Burchell, Ann N.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Background: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at higher risk of infection-related cancers than the general population which could be due, in part, to immune dysfunction. Our objective was to examine associations between four CD4 count measures as indicators of immune function and infection-related and -unrelated cancer risk. Setting: We conducted a cohort study of adults with HIV who were diagnosed with cancer in Ontario, Canada. Incident cancers were identified from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2020. Methods: We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for the associations between CD4 measures (baseline CD4, nadir CD4, time-updated CD4, time-updated CD4:CD8) and cancer incidence rates using competing risk analyses, adjusted for socio-demographic factors, history of hepatitis B or C infection, baseline viral load, smoking, and alcohol use. Results: Among 4,771 people with HIV, contributing 59,111 person-years of observation, a total of 549 cancers were observed. Low baseline CD4 (
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19
Development of a dual channel detection system for pan-genotypic simultaneous quantification of hepatitis B and delta viruses
Yongzhen LiuStephanie MayaSebastian CarverAoife K. O’ConnellAnna E. TsengHans P. GertjeKathleen SenecaRonald G. NahassNicholas A. CrosslandAlexander Plossa Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USAb National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA, USAc Infectious Disease Care, Hillsborough, NJ, USAd Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USAe Department of Virology, Immunology, & Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
20
A potential antiviral role for CCR5+CD8+ T cells in children with hepatitis B
Aoxue Tan, Yi He, Yingzhi Zhou, Xiaorong Peng, Yunan Chang, Mingli Peng, Hong Ren, Hongmei Xu
Journal of Medical Virology, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
21
The clinical significance of long non-coding RNAs MALAT1 and CASC2 in the diagnosis of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma
Rehab M. Golam, Mahmoud A. F. Khalil, Olfat G. Shaker, Tarek I. Ahmed, Mohamed K. Abd Elguaad, Essam A. Hassan, Mahmoud R. M. El-Ansary, Ahmed Ismail, Yasser I. Kandil, Osama A. Mohammed, Ahmed S. Doghish
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Rehab M. Golam, Mahmoud A. F. Khalil, Olfat G. Shaker, Tarek I. Ahmed, Mohamed K. Abd Elguaad, Essam A. Hassan, Mahmoud R. M. El-Ansary, Ahmed Ismail, Yasser I. Kandil, Osama A. Mohammed, Ahmed S. Doghish Background Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death due to a lack of early predictive and/or diagnostic tools. Thus, research for a new biomarker is important. LncRNAs play a functional role in target gene regulation and their deregulation is associated with several pathological conditions including HCC. Objective This study aimed to explore the diagnostic potential of two LncRNAs MALAT1 and CASC2 in HCC compared to the routinely used diagnostic biomarker. Materials and methods The current study is a case-control study carried out at Fayoum University Hospital and conducted on 89 individuals. The study included three groups of 36 HCC patients on top of HCV(HCC/HCV), 33 HCV patients, and 20 healthy volunteers as a control group. All study subjects were subjected to radiological examinations. The determination of CBC was performed by the automated counter and liver function tests by the enzymatic method were performed. In addition, HCV RNA quantification and the expression level of two LncRNAs (MALAT1 and CASC2) were performed by qRT-PCR. Results The results revealed a statistically significant difference between study groups regarding liver function tests with a higher mean in HCC/HCV group. Also, serum MALAT1 significantly up-regulated in HCV (11.2±2.8) and HCC/HCV (4.56±1.4) compared to the control group. Besides, serum CASC2 levels in the HCV group were significantly upregulated (14.9±3.6), while, downregulated in the HCC group (0.16± 0.03). Furthermore, The ROC analysis for diagnostic efficacy parameters indicated that CASC2 has higher accuracy (94.6%) and sensitivity (97.2%) for HCC diagnosis than AFP with an accuracy of (90.9%), sensitivity (69.4%), and MALAT1 showed an accuracy of (56.9%), sensitivity (72.2%). Conclusion Our study results indicated that CASC2 is a promising biomarker and is considered better and could help in HCC diagnosis on top of HCV than MALAT1 and the routine biomarker AFP.
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22
Immortalized hepatocyte-like cells: A competent hepatocyte model for studying clinical HCV isolate infection
Yongyut Pewkliang, Piyanoot Thongsri, Phichaya Suthivanich, Nipa Thongbaiphet, Jiraporn Keatkla, Ekawat Pasomsub, Usanarat Anurathapan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Adisak Wongkajornsilp, Suradej Hongeng, Khanit Sa-ngiamsuntorn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 13.05.2024
Tilføjet 13.05.2024
by Yongyut Pewkliang, Piyanoot Thongsri, Phichaya Suthivanich, Nipa Thongbaiphet, Jiraporn Keatkla, Ekawat Pasomsub, Usanarat Anurathapan, Suparerk Borwornpinyo, Adisak Wongkajornsilp, Suradej Hongeng, Khanit Sa-ngiamsuntorn More than 58 million individuals worldwide are inflicted with chronic HCV. The disease carries a high risk of end stage liver disease, i.e., cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have revolutionized therapy, the emergence of drug-resistant strains has become a growing concern. Conventional cellular models, Huh7 and its derivatives were very permissive to only HCVcc (JFH-1), but not HCV clinical isolates. The lack of suitable host cells had hindered comprehensive research on patient-derived HCV. Here, we established a novel hepatocyte model for HCV culture to host clinically pan-genotype HCV strains. The immortalized hepatocyte-like cell line (imHC) derived from human mesenchymal stem cell carries HCV receptors and essential host factors. The imHC outperformed Huh7 as a host for HCV (JFH-1) and sustained the entire HCV life cycle of pan-genotypic clinical isolates. We analyzed the alteration of host markers (i.e., hepatic markers, cellular innate immune response, and cell apoptosis) in response to HCV infection. The imHC model uncovered the underlying mechanisms governing the action of IFN-α and the activation of sofosbuvir. The insights from HCV-cell culture model hold promise for understanding disease pathogenesis and novel anti-HCV development.
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23
Occult hepatitis B infection in children born to HBeAg-positive women confers a low long-term risk for HBsAg-positive infection
Infection, 12.05.2024
Tilføjet 12.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) has been the main cause of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, particularly in East Asia. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination given directly after birth effectively prevents hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive (overt) HBV infection, but occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) may develop despite adequate prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome in children born to mothers with very high HBV DNA levels with special focus on children discovered in early childhood with OBI. Methods One-year and long-term outcome regarding overt and occult HBV infection were analysed in 66 children born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers, and were compared with one-year outcome in 69 children born to HBeAg-negative mothers. The children were born between 1998 and 2018. Results Six children born to HBeAg-positive mothers developed overt chronic HBV infection, in two cases after normal pregnancies and despite HBIG and vaccination, but never when nucleotide analogue treatment was given during pregnancy. OBI with HBV DNA detected in serum in the absence of surface antigen (HBsAg) was observed in four children at the age of 1 year. One of them was transiently HBsAg-positive at the age of 7 years. At long-term follow-up, six children had overt chronic infection, one had OBI and six had previous OBI or positive anti-HBc suggesting resolved unidentified infections. Conclusion The results indicate that children born to mothers with high HBV DNA levels have approximately 10% risk to develop OBI despite antiviral treatment, vaccination and HBIG, but that such OBI confers a minimal long-term risk for overt infection, at least in immunocompetent children.
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24
Occult hepatitis B infection in children born to HBeAg-positive women confers a low long-term risk for HBsAg-positive infection
Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Purpose Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) has been the main cause of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, particularly in East Asia. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and vaccination given directly after birth effectively prevents hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive (overt) HBV infection, but occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) may develop despite adequate prophylaxis. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term outcome in children born to mothers with very high HBV DNA levels with special focus on children discovered in early childhood with OBI. Methods One-year and long-term outcome regarding overt and occult HBV infection were analysed in 66 children born to hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive mothers, and were compared with one-year outcome in 69 children born to HBeAg-negative mothers. The children were born between 1998 and 2018. Results Six children born to HBeAg-positive mothers developed overt chronic HBV infection, in two cases after normal pregnancies and despite HBIG and vaccination, but never when nucleotide analogue treatment was given during pregnancy. OBI with HBV DNA detected in serum in the absence of surface antigen (HBsAg) was observed in four children at the age of 1 year. One of them was transiently HBsAg-positive at the age of 7 years. At long-term follow-up, six children had overt chronic infection, one had OBI and six had previous OBI or positive anti-HBc suggesting resolved unidentified infections. Conclusion The results indicate that children born to mothers with high HBV DNA levels have approximately 10% risk to develop OBI despite antiviral treatment, vaccination and HBIG, but that such OBI confers a minimal long-term risk for overt infection, at least in immunocompetent children.
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25
Development and field evaluation in African and Asian countries of an HBV PCR on open polyvalent platforms to determine treatment eligibility: results from the ANRS 12327 study
Dramane KANIA, Janin NOUHIN, Karine BOLLORE, Richard NJOUOM, Thomas d'Aquin TONI, Almoustapha Issiaka MAIGA, Coumba TOURE-KANE, Nicole NGO-GIANG-HUONG, Anoumou DAGNRA, Duy Hoang Chuong LE, Françoise LUNEL-FABIANI, Joany CASTERA-GUY, Pierre-Alain RUBBO, Amandine PISONI, Jean-Christophe PLANTIER, Edouard TUAILLON
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Widespread testing and treatment are essential to eliminate hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as a public health concern. However, in resource-limited countries, access to HBV PCR is limited. In this study, we developed a quantitative HBV PCR assay on open molecular platforms and evaluate its performance in diagnosing clinically significant HBV DNA thresholds as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) (2,000 IU/mL, 20,000 IU/mL, and 200,000 IU/mL).
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26
Low HBV knowledge is associated with low HBV vaccination uptake in general adult population despite incentivization of HBV vaccination
BMC Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Vietnamese adults remains low and unequally distributed. We conducted a study on HBV-naïve adults living in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, to determine barriers associated with HBV vaccination uptake after removing the financial barrier by providing free coupons for HBV vaccination. Methods After being screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, 284 HBV-naïve study participants aged 18 and over (i.e., negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc total) were provided free 3-dose HBV vaccine coupons. Next, study participants’ receipt of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was documented at a pre-specified study healthcare facility, where HBV vaccines were distributed at no cost to the participants. Upon study entry, participants answered questionnaires on sociodemographics, knowledge of HBV and HBV vaccination, and related social and behavioral factors. The proportions of three doses of HBV vaccine uptake and their confidence intervals were analyzed. Associations of HBV vaccine initiation with exposures at study entry were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Results 98.9% (281 of 284) of study participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The proportion of participants obtaining the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 8.0-15.5%), 10.7% (95%CI 7.1–14.3%), and 8.9% (95%CI 5.6–12.2%), respectively. On the other hand, participants were more likely to initiate the 1st dose if they had adequate knowledge of transmission (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.12–5.92), adequate knowledge of severity (aRR = 6.75, 95%CI 3.38–13.48), and annual health-checking seeking behavior (aRR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07–3.87). Conclusion We documented a low HBV vaccination uptake despite incentivization. However, increased vaccine initiation was associated with better HBV knowledge and annual health check-up adherence. When considering expanding HBV vaccination to the general adult population, we should appreciate that HBV knowledge is an independent predictor of vaccine uptake.
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27
Correction: The association between vitamin D receptor polymorphism and phases of chronic hepatitis B infection in HBV carriers in Thailand
Prooksa Ananchuensook, Sirinporn Suksawatamnauy, Panarat Thaimai, Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan, Kessarin Thanapirom, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, Yong Poovorawan, Piyawat Komolmit
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
by Prooksa Ananchuensook, Sirinporn Suksawatamnauy, Panarat Thaimai, Supachaya Sriphoosanaphan, Kessarin Thanapirom, Chinachote Teerapakpinyo, Yong Poovorawan, Piyawat Komolmit
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28
People with HBV/HIV coinfection should be prioritized in HBV cure research
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
29
Current knowledge about long-term liver outcome among HBV/HIV coinfected patients
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
30
Do patients with nephrotic syndrome have an increased risk of osteoporosis? A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Liao, C.-Y., Chung, C.-H., Wei, K.-Y., Tseng, M.-F., Lin, F.-H., Tsao, C.-H., Chien, W.-C., Chu, P., Wu, C.-C.
BMJ Open, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
ObjectivesTo evaluate whether nephrotic syndrome (NS) and further corticosteroid (CS) use increase the risk of osteoporosis in Asian population during the period January 2000–December 2010. DesignNationwide population-based retrospective cohort study. SettingAll healthcare facilities in Taiwan. ParticipantsA total of 28 772 individuals were enrolled. Interventions26 614 individuals with newly diagnosed NS between 2000 and 2010 were identified and included in out study. 26 614 individuals with no NS diagnosis prior to the index date were age matched as controls. Diagnosis of osteoporosis prior to the diagnosis of NS or the same index date was identified, age, sex and NS-associated comorbidities were adjusted. Primary outcome measureTo identify risk differences in developing osteoporosis among patients with a medical history of NS. ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, osteoporosis risk was found to be 3.279 times greater in the NS cohort than in the non-NS cohort, when measured over 11 years after NS diagnosis. Stratification revealed that age older than 18 years, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidaemia, chronic kidney disease, liver cirrhosis and NS-related disease including diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B infection, hepatitis C infection, lymphoma and hypothyroidism, increased the risk of osteoporosis in the NS cohort, compared with the non-NS cohort. Additionally, osteoporosis risk was significantly higher in NS patients with CS use (adjusted HR (aHR)=3.397). The risk of osteoporosis in NS patients was positively associated with risk of hip and vertebral fracture (aHR=2.130 and 2.268, respectively). A significant association exists between NS and subsequent risk for osteoporosis. ConclusionNS patients, particularly those treated with CS, should be evaluated for subsequent risk of osteoporosis.
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31
Cumulative tenofovir exposure among patients with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis B co-infection with differential viral suppression
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 6.05.2024
Tilføjet 6.05.2024
Abstract This case-control study explored cumulative tenofovir exposure among patients with HIV/HBV co-infection with HIV viral suppression. Among patients taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, median TFV-DP levels in dried blood spots were ∼3-fold lower among patients with incomplete HBV viral suppression (n=4) compared to those with complete suppression (n=5) (516 vs.1456 fmol/punch).
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32
Convergent evolution and targeting of diverse E2 epitopes by human broadly neutralizing antibodies are associated with HCV clearance
Immunity, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Clinton O. Ogega, Nicole E. Skinner, Marta V. Schoenle, Xander E. Wilcox, Nicole Frumento, Desiree A. Wright, Harry T. Paul, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Kaitlyn E. Clark, Alexis Figueroa, Pamela J. Bjorkman, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, Justin R. Bailey
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33
Neutralizing antibodies evolve to exploit vulnerable sites in the HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 and mediate spontaneous clearance of infection
Immunity, 3.01.2024
Tilføjet 3.01.2024
Publication date: Available online 2 January 2024 Source: Immunity Author(s): Nicole Frumento, Ariadne Sinnis-Bourozikas, Harry T. Paul, Georgia Stavrakis, Muhammad N. Zahid, Shuyi Wang, Stuart C. Ray, Andrew I. Flyak, George M. Shaw, Andrea L. Cox, Justin R. Bailey
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34
Histomolecular characterisation of hepatitis B virus induced liver cancer
Adane Adugna;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 11.11.2023
Tilføjet 11.11.2023
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated liver cancer is the third most prevalent cancer‐related cause of death worldwide. Different studies have been done on the histomolecular analysis of HBV induced‐liver cancer including epigenetics which are dynamic molecular mechanisms to control gene expression without altering the host deoxyribonucleic acid, genomics characterise the integration of the viral genome with host genome, proteomics characterise how gene modifies and results overexpression of proteins, glycoproteomics discover different glyco‐biomarker candidates and show glycosylation in malignant hepatocytes, metabolomics characterise how HBV impairs a variety of metabolic functions during hepatocyte immortalisation, exosomes characterise immortalised liver cells in terms of their differentiation and proliferation, and autophagy plays a role in the development of hepatocarcinogenesis linked to HBV infection.
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35
Virus infection participates in the occurrence and development of human diseases through monoamine oxidase
Yujie Sun; Wen Liu; Bing Luo;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is a membrane‐bound mitochondrial enzyme that maintains the steady state of neurotransmitters and other biogenic amines in biological systems through catalytic oxidation and deamination. MAO dysfunction is closely related to human neurological and psychiatric diseases and cancers. However, little is known about the relationship between MAO and viral infections in humans. This review summarises current research on how viral infections participate in the occurrence and development of human diseases through MAO. The viruses discussed in this review include hepatitis C virus, dengue virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Epstein‐Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. This review also describes the effects of MAO inhibitors such as phenelzine, clorgyline, selegiline, M‐30, and isatin on viral infectious diseases. This information will not only help us to better understand the role of MAO in the pathogenesis of viruses but will also provide new insights into the treatment and diagnosis of these viral diseases.
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36
Prospects for developing an Hepatitis C virus E1E2‐based nanoparticle vaccine
Eric A. Toth; Alexander K. Andrianov; Thomas R. Fuerst;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 8.09.2023
Tilføjet 8.09.2023
Globally, more than 58 million people are chronically infected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) with 1.5 million new infections occurring each year. An effective vaccine for HCV is therefore a major unmet medical and public health need. Since HCV rapidly accumulates mutations, vaccines must elicit the production of broadly neutralising antibodies (bnAbs) in a reproducible fashion. Decades of research have generated a number of HCV vaccine candidates. Based on the available data and research through clinical development, a vaccine antigen based on the E1E2 glycoprotein complex appears to be the best choice, but robust induction of humoral and cellular responses leading to virus neutralisation has not yet been achieved. One issue that has arisen in developing an HCV vaccine (and many other vaccines as well) is the platform used for antigen delivery. The majority of viral vaccine trials have employed subunit vaccines. However, subunit vaccines often have limited immunogenicity, as seen for HCV, and thus multiple formats must be examined in order to elicit a robust anti‐HCV immune response. Nanoparticle vaccines are gaining prominence in the field due to their ability to facilitate a controlled multivalent presentation and trafficking to lymph nodes, where they can interact with both arms of the immune system. This review discusses the potential for development of a nanoparticle‐based HCV E1E2 vaccine, with an emphasis on the potential benefits of such an approach along with the major challenges facing the incorporation of E1E2 into nanoparticulate delivery systems and how those challenges can be addressed.
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37
Trends in disease burden of hepatitis B infection in Jiangsu Province, China, 1990–2021
Infectious Disease Modelling, 11.07.2023
Tilføjet 11.07.2023
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Kang Fang, Yingying Shi, Zeyu zhao, Yunkang Zhao, Yichao Guo, Buasivamu Abudunaibi, Huimin Qu, Qiao Liu, Guodong Kang, Zhiguo Wang, Jianli Hu, Tianmu Chen
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38
Canonical fibroblast growth factors in viral infection
Giulia Lottini; Erika Plicanti; Michele Lai; Paola Quaranta; Mauro Pistello; Giulia Freer;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.07.2023
Tilføjet 10.07.2023
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of various tissues in the body. There are three function‐al groups of FGFs: canonical FGFs (cFGFs), intracellularly retained FGFs, and metabolic (also called endocrine) FGFs. cFGFs are secreted and act in an autocrine/paracrine fashion to regulate differentiation during foetal development, as well as tissue repair in adults. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the role of cFGFs during viral infections, suggesting that FGF‐2 and other canonical FGFs may have an important virus‐specific role, also by the regulation of the immune response. Because dysregulation in the FGF pathways is pivotal in cancer development, FGFs are the target of many anticancer drugs. These drugs may be repurposed to treat viral infection, since dysregulation of FGF signalling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of viral infections, such as hepatitis C. Overall, the role of cFGFs during viral infection is an underrepresented area of current research. This review focuses on overviewing the effects of canonical FGFs during infection by different viruses. Many studies highlight that the effects of FGFs during viral infection may be complex and context‐dependent. While there is evidence to suggest that FGFs may have a beneficial impact on the immune response and tissue repair during viral infection, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and to determine in what cases FGFs could be targeted as a therapeutic approach for viral infection.
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39
Diagnostic performance of hepatitis C core antigen assay to identify active infections: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Daniel Sepúlveda‐Crespo; Ana Treviño‐Nakoura; José M. Bellón; Amanda Fernández‐Rodríguez; Pablo Ryan; Isidoro Martínez; María A. Jiménez‐Sousa; Salvador Resino;
Reviews in Medical Virology, 10.05.2023
Tilføjet 10.05.2023
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core antigen (HCVcAg) assay is an alternative for diagnosing HCV infection in a single step. This meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay\'s diagnostic performance (validity and utility) for diagnosing active hepatitis C. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until 10 January 2023. The protocol was registered at the prospective international register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022337191). Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay was the test for evaluation, and nucleic acid amplification tests with a cut‐off ≤50 IU/mL were the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA with the MIDAS module and random‐effects models. The bivariate analysis was conducted on 46 studies (18,116 samples). The pooled sensitivity was 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94–0.97), specificity 0.99 (95% CI = 0.99–1.00), positive likelihood ratio 141.81 (95% CI = 72.39–277.79), and negative likelihood ratio 0.04 (95% CI = 0.03–0.06). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 1.00 (95% CI = 0.34–1.00). For active hepatitis C prevalence values of 0.1%–15%, the probability that a positive test was a true positive was 12%–96%, respectively, indicating that a confirmatory test should be necessary, particularly with a prevalence ≤5%. However, the probability that a negative test was a false negative was close to zero, indicating the absence of HCV infection. The validity (accuracy) of the Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag assay for screening active HCV infection in serum/plasma samples was excellent. Although the HCVcAg assay showed limited diagnostic utility in low prevalence settings (≤1%), it might help diagnose hepatitis C in high prevalence scenarios (≥5%).
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