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Panayota Kolypetri, Howard L. Weiner
Trends in Microbiology, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Monocytes are myeloid cells that are produced throughout life and play key roles in host defense against pathogens, immune regulation, tissue repair, tumor progression, and cancer [1]. Following their generation in the bone marrow (BM), monocytes enter the bloodstream where they constitute 4% of peripheral leukocytes in mice and 10% in humans [1]. Under physiological conditions, monocytes survey the vasculature or enter tissues to replenish tissue-resident macrophages [1], whereas during inflammation they are rapidly recruited to injured organs regulating the local immune responses [2] by molecular signals that are largely unknown.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSatoru Nakagami, Michitaka Notaguchi, Tatsuhiko Kondo, Satoru Okamoto, Takanori Ida, Yoshikatsu Sato, Tetsuya Higashiyama, Allen Yi-Lun Tsai, Takashi Ishida, Shinichiro Sawa
Science Advances, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Agnieszka Winiarska, Fidel Ramírez-Amador, Dominik Hege, Yvonne Gemmecker, Simone Prinz, Georg Hochberg, Johann Heider, Maciej Szaleniec, Jan Michael Schuller
Science Advances, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Zul Aizat Mohamad Fisal, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Gurpreet Kaur Karpal Singh
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Zul Aizat Mohamad Fisal, Rosliza Abdul Manaf, Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman, Gurpreet Kaur Karpal Singh Background Depression is the most common psychiatric disorder reported among patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), resulting from the intricate combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. Biopsychosocial factors can significantly impact the psychological well-being of men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV through social stigma, access and compliance to care, economic insecurity, relationship difficulties, and risky behavior. Compared to MSM without HIV, MSM living with HIV were more likely to be depressed. Despite specific vulnerabilities and health needs, MSM living with HIV remain understudied and underserved in Malaysia owing to legal, ethical, and social challenges. Objective This is merely a published protocol, not the findings of a future study. This study aims to determine and explain the predictors of depressive symptoms among MSM living with HIV. Specifically, this study wants to determine the association between depressive symptoms among MSM living with HIV and biological, psychosocial, and social factors. Finally, the mixed methods will answer to what extent the qualitative results confirm the quantitative results of the predictors of depressive symptoms among MSM living with HIV. Methods The study has ethical approval from the Medical Research Ethics Committee (MREC) of the Ministry of Health (MOH) NMRR ID-21-02210-MIT. This study will apply an explanatory sequential mixed methods study design. It comprised two distinct phases: quantitative and qualitative study design for answering the research questions and hypothesis. This study will randomly recruit 941 MSM living with HIV in the quantitative phase, and at least 20 MSM living with HIV purposively will be selected in the qualitative phase. The study will be conducted in ten public Primary Care Clinics in Selangor, Malaysia. A self-administered questionnaire will gather the MSM’s background and social, psychological, and biological factors that could be associated with depressive symptoms. For the quantitative study, descriptive analysis and simple logistic regression will be used for data analysis. Then, variables with a P value < 0.25 will be included in multiple logistic regression to measure the predictors of depressive symptoms. In the qualitative data collection, in-depth interviews will be conducted among those with moderate to severe depressive symptoms from the quantitative phase. The thematic analysis will be used for data analysis in the qualitative phase. Integration occurs at study design, method level, and later during interpretation and report writing. Result The quantitative phase was conducted between March 2022 to February 2023, while qualitative data collection is from March 2023 to April 2023, with baseline results anticipated in June 2023. Conclusion In combination, qualitative and quantitative research provides a better understanding of depressive symptoms among MSM living with HIV. The result could guide us to provide a comprehensive mental healthcare program toward Ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaryke S. Steffens, Bianca Bullivant, Jessica Kaufman, Catherine King, Margie Danchin, Monsurul Hoq, Mathew D. Marques
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Maryke S. Steffens, Bianca Bullivant, Jessica Kaufman, Catherine King, Margie Danchin, Monsurul Hoq, Mathew D. Marques Introduction Achieving high COVID-19 vaccine booster coverage is an ongoing global challenge. Health authorities need evidence about effective communication interventions to improve acceptance and uptake. This study aimed to test effects of persuasive messages about COVID-19 vaccine booster doses on intention to vaccinate amongst eligible adults in Australia. Methods In this online randomised controlled trial, adult participants received one of four intervention messages or a control message. The control message provided information about booster dose eligibility. Intervention messages added to the control message, each using a different persuasive strategy, including: emphasising personal health benefits of booster doses, community health benefits, non-health benefits, and personal agency in choosing vaccination. After the intervention, participants answered items about COVID-19 booster vaccine intention and beliefs. Intervention groups were compared to the control using tests of two proportions; differences of ≥5 percentage points were deemed clinically significant. A sub-group analysis was conducted among hesitant participants. Results Of the 487 consenting and randomised participants, 442 (90.8%) completed the experiment and were included in the analysis. Participants viewing messages emphasising non-health benefits had the highest intention compared to those who viewed the control message (percentage point diff: 9.0, 95% CI -0.8, 18.8, p = 0.071). Intention was even higher among hesitant individuals in this intervention group compared to the control group (percentage point diff: 15.6, 95% CI -6.0, 37.3, p = 0.150). Conversely, intention was lower among hesitant individuals who viewed messages emphasising personal agency compared to the control group (percentage point diff: -10.8, 95% CI -33.0, 11.4, p = 0.330), although evidence in support of these findings is weak. Conclusion Health authorities should highlight non-health benefits to encourage COVID-19 vaccine booster uptake but use messages emphasising personal agency with caution. These findings can inform communication message development and strategies to improve COVID-19 vaccine booster uptake.Clinical trial registration: Registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12622001404718); trial webpage: https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12622001404718.aspx
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoan B. Soriano, Adrián Peláez, Xavier Busquets, María Rodrigo-García, Elena Ávalos Pérez-Urría, Tamara Alonso, Rosa Girón, Claudia Valenzuela, Celeste Marcos, Elena García-Castillo, Julio Ancochea
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Joan B. Soriano, Adrián Peláez, Xavier Busquets, María Rodrigo-García, Elena Ávalos Pérez-Urría, Tamara Alonso, Rosa Girón, Claudia Valenzuela, Celeste Marcos, Elena García-Castillo, Julio Ancochea Background An association of ABO blood group and COVID-19 remains controversial. Methods Following STROBE guidance for observational research, we explored the distribution of ABO blood group in patients hospitalized for acute COVID-19 and in those with Long COVID. Contingency tables were made and risk factors were explored using crude and adjusted Mantle-Haentzel odds ratios (OR and 95% CI). Results Up to September 2022, there were a total of 5,832 acute COVID-19 hospitalizations in our hospital, corresponding to 5,503 individual patients, of whom blood group determination was available for 1,513 (27.5%). Their distribution by ABO was: 653 (43.2%) group 0, 690 (45.6%) A, 113 (7.5%) B, and 57 (3.8%) AB, which corresponds to the expected frequencies in the general population. In parallel, of 676 patients with Long COVID, blood group determination was available for 135 (20.0%). Their distribution was: 60 (44.4%) from group 0, 61 (45.2%) A, 9 (6.7%) B, and 5 (3.7%) AB. The distribution of the ABO system of Long COVID patients did not show significant differences with respect to that of the total group (p ≥ 0.843). In a multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and severity of acute COVID-19 infection, subgroups A, AB, and B were not significantly associated with developing Long COVID with an OR of 1.015 [0.669–1.541], 1.327 [0.490–3.594] and 0.965 [0.453–2.058], respectively. The effect of the Rh+ factor was also not significant 1,423 [0.772–2,622] regarding Long COVID. Conclusions No association of any ABO blood subgroup with COVID-19 or developing Long COVID was identified.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIyacoob Khunsri, Pinidphon Prombutara, Htut Htut Htoo, Supitcha Wanvimonsuk, Thanadon Samernate, Chindanai Pornsing, Sirinit Tharntada, Phattarunda Jaree, Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak, Kunlaya Somboonwiwat, Poochit Nonejuie
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Iyacoob Khunsri, Pinidphon Prombutara, Htut Htut Htoo, Supitcha Wanvimonsuk, Thanadon Samernate, Chindanai Pornsing, Sirinit Tharntada, Phattarunda Jaree, Vorrapon Chaikeeratisak, Kunlaya Somboonwiwat, Poochit Nonejuie Propelled by global climate changes, the shrimp industry has been facing tremendous losses in production due to various disease outbreaks, particularly early mortality syndrome (EMS), a disease caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus AHPND. Not only is the use of antibiotics as EMS control agents not yet been proven successful, but the overuse and misuse of antibiotics could also worsen one of the most challenging global health issues—antimicrobial resistance. To circumvent antibiotic usage, anti-lipopolysaccharide factor isoform 3 (ALFPm3), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) derived from the shrimp innate immune system, was proposed as an antibiotic alternative for EMS control. However, prolonged use of AMPs could also lead to bacterial cross resistance with life-saving antibiotics used in human diseases. Here, we showed that ALFPm3-resistant strains of E. coli could be induced in vitro. Genome analysis of the resistant mutants revealed multiple mutations, with the most interesting being a qseC(L299R). A study of antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that the resistant strains harboring the qseC(L299R) not only exhibited higher degree of resistance towards polymyxin antibiotics, but also produced higher biofilm under ALFPm3 stress. Lastly, a single cell death analysis revealed that, at early-log phase when biofilm is scarce, the resistant strains were less affected by ALFPm3 treatment, suggesting additional mechanisms by which qseC orchestrates to protect the bacteria from ALFPm3. Altogether, this study uncovers involvement of qseC mutation in mechanism of resistance of the bacteria against ALFPm3 paving a way for future studies on sustainable use of ALFPm3 as an EMS control agent.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRegina Billones-Baaijens, Meifang Liu, Mark R. Sosnowski, Matthew R. Ayres, Sandra Savocchia
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Regina Billones-Baaijens, Meifang Liu, Mark R. Sosnowski, Matthew R. Ayres, Sandra Savocchia The grapevine trunk disease, Eutypa dieback (ED), causes significant vine decline and yield reduction. For many years, the fungus Eutypa lata was considered the main pathogen causing ED of grapevines in Australia. Recent studies showed other Diatrypaceous fungi were also associated with vines exhibiting dieback symptoms but there is limited information on how these fungal pathogens spread in vineyards. Thus, information on the spore dispersal patterns of Diatrypaceous fungi in different wine regions will assist in identifying high-risk infection periods in vineyards. Using more than 6800 DNA samples from airborne spores collected from eight wine regions in south-eastern Australia over 8 years using a Burkard spore trap, this study investigated the diversity and abundance of Diatrypaceous species, using multi-faceted molecular tools. A multi-target quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay successfully detected and quantified Diatrypaceous spores from 30% of the total samples with spore numbers and frequency of detection varying between regions and years. The high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) coupled with DNA sequencing identified seven species, with E. lata being present in seven regions and the most prevalent species in the Adelaide Hills, Barossa Valley and McLaren Vale. Cryptovalsa ampelina and Diatrype stigma were the predominant species in the Clare Valley and Coonawarra, respectively while Eutypella citricola and Eu. microtheca dominated in the Hunter Valley and the Riverina regions. This study represents the first report of D. stigma and Cryptosphaeria multicontinentalis in Australian vineyards. This study further showed rainfall as a primary factor that triggers spore release, however, other weather factors that may influence the spore release in different climatic regions of Australia still requires further investigation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDalton S. Graham, Gang Liu, Ailar Arasteh, Xiao-Ming Yin, Shengmin Yan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Dalton S. Graham, Gang Liu, Ailar Arasteh, Xiao-Ming Yin, Shengmin Yan Increased uptake of fat, such as through the ingestion of high fat diet (HFD), can lead to fatty liver diseases and metabolic syndrome. It is not clear whether certain fatty acids may be more pathogenic than others to the liver. Linoleic acid (LA) is the most abundant polyunsaturated fatty acid in the Western diet and its excessive consumption can lead to increased lipid peroxidation. We hypothesized that a high level of LA in HFD will contribute significantly to the hepatic steatosis and injury, whereas vitamin E (VIT-E) may reverse the effects from LA by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. To test this hypothesis, we fed mice with the following diets for 20 weeks: a standard low-fat diet (CHOW), HFD with a low level of LA (LOW-LA, 1% of energy from LA), HFD with a high level of LA (HI-LA, 8% of energy from LA), or HI-LA diet with VIT-E supplement (HI-LA + VIT-E). We found that the HI-LA diet resulted in more body weight gain, larger adipocyte area, and higher serum levels of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) relative to the CHOW and LOW-LA diets. In mice fed with the HI-LA diet, severer hepatic steatosis was seen with higher levels of hepatic TG and FFA. Expression of genes related to lipid metabolism was altered in the liver by HI-LA diet, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (Fgf21), cluster of differentiation 36 (Cd36), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1), and acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (Acox1). Liver injury, inflammation and fibrotic response were all enhanced in mice fed with the HI-LA diet when compared with the LOW-LA diet. Notably, addition of VIT-E supplement, which restores the proper VIT-E/PUFA ratio, significantly reduced the detrimental effects of the high level of LA. Taken together, our results suggest that a high level of LA and a low ratio of VIT-E/PUFA in HFD can contribute significantly to metabolic abnormalities and hepatic injury.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZainab Ali, Houda Harastani, Moza Hammadi, Lina Reslan, Soha Ghanem, Farah Hajar, Ahmad Sabra, Amjad Haidar, Adlette Inati, Mariam Rajab, Hassan Fakhouri, Bassam Ghanem, Ghassan Baasiri, Bernard Gerbaka, Hassan Zaraket, Ghassan M. Matar, Ghassan Dbaibo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Zainab Ali, Houda Harastani, Moza Hammadi, Lina Reslan, Soha Ghanem, Farah Hajar, Ahmad Sabra, Amjad Haidar, Adlette Inati, Mariam Rajab, Hassan Fakhouri, Bassam Ghanem, Ghassan Baasiri, Bernard Gerbaka, Hassan Zaraket, Ghassan M. Matar, Ghassan Dbaibo
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRyota Yamano, Juanwen Yu, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro Haditomo, Chunqi Jiang, Sayaka Mino, Jesús L. Romalde, Kyuhee Kang, Yuichi Sakai, Tomoo Sawabe
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Ryota Yamano, Juanwen Yu, Alfabetian Harjuno Condro Haditomo, Chunqi Jiang, Sayaka Mino, Jesús L. Romalde, Kyuhee Kang, Yuichi Sakai, Tomoo Sawabe The genus Thalassotalea is ubiquitous in marine environments, and up to 20 species have been described so far. A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic bacterium, designated strain PTE2T was isolated from laboratory-reared larvae of the Japanese sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences revealed that PTE2T was closely related to Thalassotalea sediminis N211T (= KCTC 42588T = MCCC 1H00116T) with 97.9% sequence similarity. ANI and in silico DDH values against Thalassotalea species were 68.5–77.0% and 19.7–24.6%, respectively, indicating the novelty of PTE2T. Based on genome-based taxonomic approaches, strain PTE2T (= JCM 34608T = KCTC 82592T) is proposed as a new species, Thalassotalea hakodatensis sp. nov.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYanyu Zhuang, Hua Wei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Yanyu Zhuang, Hua Wei In order to improve the laws and regulations of the financial system, in the construction of laws and regulations, the traditional financial risk Early Warning (EW) model is optimized. The financial prevention and control measures with legal protection are implemented to warn the financial risks, which plays an important role in the construction of the rule of law in the Financial Market (FM) and the establishment of financial risk prevention and control laws and regulations. This paper combines the deep learning model and the Markov regime Switching Vector Auto Regression (MS-VAR) model and constructs a regional financial risk EW model from the following aspects: macroeconomic operation EW indicators, regional economic risk EW indicators, regional financial institution risk EW indicators. The model is empirically researched and analyzed. The results show that the fluctuation trend of the macroeconomic pressure index in the time series is relatively large, and the overall fluctuation of the regional economic pressure index is small, and fluctuates around 0 in most periods. After the financial crisis, local governments stepped up their supervision of non-performing corporate and household loans. From 2011 to 2018, the non-performing loan ratio began to decline, and the overall fluctuation of the regional financial comprehensive stress index was small, fluctuating around 0. Due to the lack of legal regulation, from the perspective of the regional economy, the risk level is more likely to change from low risk to moderate risk, while the risk status is less likely to change from high risk to moderate risk. From the perspective of regional financial institutions, the probabilities of maintaining low risk and moderate risk are 0.98 and 0.97, respectively, which is stronger than maintaining the stability of high risk. From the perspective of the state transition of the regional financial risk composite index, the probability of maintaining low risk and high risk is 0.97 and 0.93, which is higher than maintaining the stability of medium risk. The Deep Learning (DL) regional financial risk EW MS-VAR model has strong risk prediction ability. The model can better analyze the conversion probability of regional financial risk EW index and has better risk EW ability. This paper enhances the role of legal systems in financial risk prevention and control. The regional financial risk EW model incorporating financial legal indicators can better describe the regional financial risk level, and the EW results are basically consistent with the actual situation. In order to effectively prevent financial risks and ensure the safety of the financial system, it is recommended that the government improve local debt management, improve financial regulations and systems, and improve the legislative level of financial legal supervision.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAfnan I. Shahin, Sumera Zaib, Seyed-Omar Zaraei, Reena A. Kedia, Hanan S. Anbar, Muhammad Tayyab Younas, Taleb H. Al-Tel, Ghalia Khoder, Mohammed I. El-Gamal
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
by Afnan I. Shahin, Sumera Zaib, Seyed-Omar Zaraei, Reena A. Kedia, Hanan S. Anbar, Muhammad Tayyab Younas, Taleb H. Al-Tel, Ghalia Khoder, Mohammed I. El-Gamal Urease enzyme is a known therapeutic drug target for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection due to its role in settlement and growth in gastric mucosa. In this study, we designed a new series of sulfonates and sulfamates bearing imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold that exhibit a potent inhibitory activity of urease enzyme. The most potent compound 2c inhibited urease with an IC50 value of 2.94 ± 0.05 μM, which is 8-fold more potent than the thiourea positive control (IC50 = 22.3 ± 0.031 μM). Enzyme kinetics study showed that compound 2c is a competitive inhibitor of urease. Molecular modeling studies of the most potent inhibitors in the urease active site suggested multiple binding interactions with different amino acid residues. Phenotypic screening of the developed compounds against H. pylori delivered molecules of that possess high potency (1a, 1d, 1h, 2d, and 2f) in comparison to the positive control, acetohydroxamic acid. Additional studies to investigate the selectivity of these compounds against AGS gastric cell line and E. coli were performed. Permeability of the most promising derivatives (1a, 1d, 1h, 2d, and 2f) in Caco-2 cell line, was investigated. As a result, compound 1d presented itself as a lead drug candidate since it exhibited a promising inhibition against urease with an IC50 of 3.09 ± 0.07 μM, MIC value against H. pylori of 0.031 ± 0.011 mM, and SI against AGS of 6.05. Interestingly, compound 1d did not show activity against urease-negative E. coli and exhibited a low permeability in Caco-2 cells which supports the potential use of this compound for GIT infection without systemic effect.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Abstract Background Plasmodium species of non-human primates (NHP) are of great interest because they can naturally infect humans. Plasmodium simium, a parasite restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was recently shown to cause a zoonotic outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The potential of NHP to act as reservoirs of Plasmodium infection presents a challenge for malaria elimination, as NHP will contribute to the persistence of the parasite. The aim of the current study was to identify and quantify gametocytes in NHP naturally-infected by P. simium. Methods Whole blood samples from 35 NHP were used in quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays targeting 18S rRNA, Pss25 and Pss48/45 malaria parasite transcripts. Absolute quantification was performed in positive samples for 18S rRNA and Pss25 targets. Linear regression was used to compare the quantification cycle (Cq) and the Spearman\'s rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the copy numbers of 18S rRNA and Pss25 transcripts. The number of gametocytes/µL was calculated by applying a conversion factor of 4.17 Pss25 transcript copies per gametocyte. Results Overall, 87.5% of the 26 samples, previously diagnosed as P. simium, were positive for 18S rRNA transcript amplification, of which 13 samples (62%) were positive for Pss25 transcript amplification and 7 samples (54%) were also positive for Pss48/45 transcript. A strong positive correlation was identified between the Cq of the 18S rRNA and Pss25 and between the Pss25 and Pss48/45 transcripts. The 18S rRNA and Pss25 transcripts had an average of 1665.88 and 3.07 copies/µL, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the copy number of Pss25 and 18S rRNA transcripts. Almost all gametocyte carriers exhibited low numbers of gametocytes (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMathilde Puges, Marine Jauvain, Carole Vignals, Hervé Dutronc, Laure Barthod, Sabine Pereyre, Philippe Lehours, Charles Cazanave
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Within a few months, two young people were hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of Bordeaux University Hospital, France, for severe infectious mononucleosis tonsillitis. Both had fever, dysphonia, hypersialorrhea, halitosis, aphagia and activated circulating lymphocytes. Pharyngeal examination revealed a bilateral pseudomembranous and necrotic tonsillitis. Both had a good oral health and did not smoke nor reported alcohol use disorder. The diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis was confirmed by Epstein-Barr Virus serology and plasmatic PCR in both cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSizhou Feng, Guanhua Rao, Xudong Wei, Rong Fu, Ming Hou, Yongping Song, Chunhui Xu, Peng Han, Benfa Gong, Xin Chen, Yihao Wang, Xiaoyuan Dong, Zhi Jiang, Jianxiang Wang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) in febrile neutropenia (FN).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHyung-Geun Moon, Seung-jae Kim, Ki-Hyun Kim, Young-Mee Kim, Jalees Rehman, Hyun Lee, Yi-Chien Wu, Steve Seung-Young Lee, John W. Christman, Steven J. Ackerman, Minhyung Kim, Sungyoung You, Gye Young Park
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 207, Issue 11, Page 1451-1463, June 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel P. Cook, Christopher M. Thomas, Ashley Y. Wu, Mark Rusznak, Jian Zhang, Weisong Zhou, Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus, Katherine N. Gibson-Corley, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin, Allison E. Norlander, Dawn C. Newcomb, David A. Stoltz, R. Stokes Peebles
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 207, Issue 11, Page 1486-1497, June 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLetizia Trevisi, Miguel A. Hernán, Carole D. Mitnick, Uzma Khan, Kwonjune J. Seung, Michael L. Rich, Mathieu Bastard, Helena Huerga, Nara Melikyan, Sidney A. Atwood, Zaza Avaliani, Felix Llanos, Mohammad Manzur-ul-Alam, Khin Zarli, Amsalu Bekele Binegdie, Sana Adnan, Arusyak Melikyan, Alain Gelin, Afshan K. Isani, Dmitry Vetushko, Zhenisgul Daugarina, Patrick Nkundanyirazo, Fauziah Asnely Putri, Charles Vilbrun, Munira Khan, Catherine Hewison, Palwasha Y. Khan, Molly F. Franke
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 207, Issue 11, Page 1525-1532, June 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Publication date: Available online 2 June 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Olusegun Michael Otunuga, Alexandra Yu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOluwadamilola G. Osasona, Oluwatosin O. Oguntoye, Abiola O. Arowosaye, Lukman O. Abdulkareem, Moses O. Adewumi, Christian Happi, Onikepe Folarin
Virulence, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Nguyen, Trung C.; Marini, Juan C.; Guillory, Bobby; Valladolid-Brown, Christian; Martinez-Vargas, Marina; Subramanyam, Deepika; Cohen, Daniel; Cirlos, Sonya C.; Lam, Fong; Stoll, Barbara; Didelija, Inka C.; Vonderohe, Caitlin; Orellana, Renan; Saini, Arun; Pradhan, Subhashree; Bashir, Dalia; Desai, Moreshwar S.; Flores, Saul; Virk, Manpreet; Tcharmtchi, Hossein; Navaei, Amir; Kaplan, Sheldon; Lamberth, Linda; Hulten, Kristina G.; Scull, Brooks P.; Allen, Carl E.; Akcan-Arikan, Ayse; Vijayan, K. Vinod; Cruz, Miguel A.
Critical Care Explorations, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
CONTEXT: Sepsis-induced coagulopathy leading to disseminated microvascular thrombosis is associated with high mortality and has no existing therapy. Despite the high prevalence of Gram-positive bacterial sepsis, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there is a paucity of published Gram-positive pediatric sepsis models. Large animal models replicating sepsis-induced coagulopathy are needed to test new therapeutics before human clinical trials. HYPOTHESIS: Our objective is to develop a pediatric sepsis-induced coagulopathy swine model that last 70 hours. METHODS AND MODELS: Ten 3 weeks old piglets, implanted with telemetry devices for continuous hemodynamic monitoring, were IV injected with MRSA (n = 6) (USA300, Texas Children’s Hospital 1516 strain) at 1 × 109 colony forming units/kg or saline (n = 4). Fluid resuscitation was given for heart rate greater than 50% or mean arterial blood pressure less than 30% from baseline. Acetaminophen and dextrose were provided as indicated. Point-of-care complete blood count, prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time, d-dimer, fibrinogen, and specialized coagulation assays were performed at pre- and post-injection, at 0, 24, 48, 60, and 70 hours. Piglets were euthanized and necropsies performed. RESULTS: Compared with the saline treated piglets (control), the septic piglets within 24 hours had significantly lower neurologic and respiratory scores. Over time, PT, d-dimer, and fibrinogen increased, while platelet counts and activities of factors V, VII, protein C, antithrombin, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-1 motifs (13th member of the family) (ADAMTS-13) decreased significantly in septic piglets compared with control. Histopathologic examination showed minor focal organ injuries including microvascular thrombi and necrosis in the kidney and liver of septic piglets. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: We established a 70-hour swine model of MRSA sepsis-induced coagulopathy with signs of consumptive coagulopathy, disseminated microvascular thrombosis, and early organ injuries with histological minor focal organ injuries. This model is clinically relevant to pediatric sepsis and can be used to study dysregulated host immune response and coagulopathy to infection, identify potential early biomarkers, and to test new therapeutics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundReduced plasma vitamin C (vitC) concentrations in HIV may result from abnormal urinary excretion: a renal leak. VitC renal leak indicates underlying nutritional dysregulation independent of diet. We hypothesized that increased renal leak prevalence in HIV would be associated with deficient vitC concentrations.MethodsWe conducted an outpatient cross-sectional study of 96 women:(40 participants with HIV (PWH) and 56 participants without HIV(PWOH), at the National Institutes of Health and Georgetown University. Renal leak was defined as abnormal urinary vitC excretion at fasting plasma concentrations
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundPeople with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) (PWH) are frequently coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and at risk for progressing from asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB). LTBI testing and preventive treatment (TB specific prevention) are recommended, but its efficacy in low transmission settings is unclear.MethodsWe included PWH enrolled from 1988 to 2022 in the Swiss HIV Cohort study (SHCS). The outcome, incident TB, was defined as TB ≥6 months after SHCS inclusion. We assessed its risk factors using a time-updated hazard regression, modeled the potential impact of modifiable factors on TB incidence, performed mediation analysis to assess underlying causes of time trends, and evaluated preventive measures.ResultsIn 21,528 PWH, LTBI prevalence declined from 15.1% in 2001 to 4.6% in 2021. Incident TB declined from 90.8 cases/1000 person-years in 1989 to 0.1 in 2021. A positive LTBI test showed a higher risk for incident TB (HR 9.8, 5.8-16.5) but only 10.5% of PWH with incident TB were tested positive. Preventive treatment reduced the risk in LTBI test positive PWH for active TB (relative risk reduction, 28.1%, absolute risk reduction 0.9%). On population level, the increase of CD4 T-cells and reduction of HIV viral load were the main driver of TB decrease.ConclusionsTB specific prevention is effective in selected patient groups. On a population level, control of HIV-1 remains the most important factor for incident TB reduction. Accurate identification of PWH at highest risk for TB is an unmet clinical need.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTropical Medicine & International Health, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Tropical Medicine &International Health, Volume 28, Issue 6, Page 419-419, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTropical Medicine & International Health, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Tropical Medicine &International Health, Volume 28, Issue 6, Page i-iv, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYing‐Ying Lin, Roubin Yao, Jiaxin Zhuang, Bo Wang, Liubing Du, Deyin Guo, Ji‐An Pan, Xiaoxue Peng
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Masoud Rahmati, Dong Keon Yon, Seung Won Lee, Raphael Udeh, Mark McEVoy, Min Seo Kim, Razak M. Gyasi, Hans Oh, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Louis Jacob, Yusheng Li, Ai Koyanagi, Jae Il Shin, Lee Smith
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus was first isolated in China in 2009, and has since spread to several Asian countries. SFTS is closely related to environmental factors that accelerate vector growth. We evaluated the associations of SFTS and deforestation with environmental variables.MethodsFor this observational study, we generated multiple Poisson models using national SFTS outbreak data (2013–2018) and official environmental data for Korea. We included established risk factors as variables. Deforestation was used as the main variable. All variables were analyzed according to their spatial characteristics using the R-INLA package.ResultsSFTS cases increased over time and peaked in 2017, at 272, followed by a decrease in 2018. Disease mapping showed a high incidence of SFTS nationwide, with particular risks in Gangwon and Gyeonggi Provinces in the north, and Jeju in the south of South Korea. Deforestation was significantly associated with a higher risk of SFTS in the final model (RR: 1.751; 95% CI: 1.125- 2.743).DiscussionSFTS outbreaks are associated with deforestation. Therefore, deforestation in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Jeju Provinces of South Korea needs to be considered in vector-control strategies and active surveillance of SFTS occurrence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundSerological data on endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and SARS-CoV-2 in southern Africa are scarce. Here, we report on i) endemic HCoV seasonality, ii) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and iii) predictive factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and strength of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV serological response during a 17-month period at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living with HIV.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from February 2020 to July 2021 within an outpatient HIV cohort in Lesotho. We used the ABCORA multiplex immunoassay to measure antibody responses to endemic HCoV (OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E) and SARS-CoV-2 antigens.ResultsResults of 3’173 samples from 1’403 adults were included. Serological responses against endemic HCoVs increased over time and peaked in winter/spring. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity reached >35% among samples collected in early 2021 and was associated with female sex (p = 0.004), obesity (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundClinical benefit of Molnupiravir (MPV) in COVID-19 infected sub-populations is unclear.MethodsWe used a matched cohort study design to determine the rate of hospitalization or death within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis among MPV treated and untreated controls. Participants were non-hospitalized, previously uninfected Veterans with a first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 1 and August 31, 2022, who were prescribed MPV within 3 days of COVID-19 diagnosis, and matched individuals who were not prescribed MPV.ResultsAmong 1,459 matched pairs, the incidence of hospitalization/death was not different among MPV treated vs. untreated controls (48 vs. 44 cases; ARD [95% CI] 0.27 [-0.94,1.49]). No benefit was observed among those >60 or ≤60 years old (ARD 0.27 [-1.25,1.79] vs. -0.29 [-1.22,1.80]), those with specific comorbidities, or by vaccination status. A significant benefit was observed in asymptomatic but not in symptomatic persons (ARD -2.80 [-4.74, -0.87] vs. 1.12 [-0.31,2.55]). Kaplan-Meier curves did not show a difference in proportion of persons who were hospitalized or died among MPV treated compared with untreated controls (logrank P = 0.7).ConclusionMPV was not associated with a reduction in hospitalization or death within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. A subgroup of patients presenting without symptoms experienced a benefit.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAxel Hamprecht, Janko Sattler, Janina Noster, Yvonne Stelzer, Frieder Fuchs, Vivien Dorth, Sören G. Gatermann, Stephan Göttig
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
To analyse carbapenemases in Proteus mirabilis and assess the performance of carbapenemase detection assays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAxel Hamprecht, Janko Sattler, Janina Noster, Yvonne Stelzer, Frieder Fuchs, Vivien Dorth, Sören G. Gatermann, Stephan Göttig
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
To analyse carbapenemases in Proteus mirabilis and assess the performance of carbapenemase detection assays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKittipong Chaisiri, Piyada Linsuwanon, Benjamin L. Makepeace
Trends in Parasitology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
The larval stage of trombiculid mites (Acari: Trombiculidae), known colloquially as chiggers (see Glossary), are the sole confirmed vectors of intracellular bacterial pathogens of the genus Orientia, the causative agents of scrub typhus. Chiggers parasitize mainly wild vertebrate hosts, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds, whereas humans can be incidental hosts. Orientia spp. are closely related to Rickettsia spp., a better-known genus that includes the arthropod-borne pathogens responsible for epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, and spotted fevers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMamadou Sitan Keita, Alioune Camara, Mamady Daffe, Aissata Fofana, Mamadou Balde, Thierno Diallo, Hamidou Barry, Elizabeth Fitch, Jean‐Luc Taton, Lamine Bangoura, Eliane Mbounga, Richard Reithinger
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Anne Moir
Trends in Microbiology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
David Rudner and his team (Gao et al.) predict a pentameric structure for the GerA alanine-responsive germination receptor of Bacillus subtilis and demonstrate that it behaves as a nutrient-gated ion channel, finally establishing a function for this novel family of receptors and focussing research on early ion movements in germination.
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