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Malaria Journal, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Abstract Background Plasmodium species of non-human primates (NHP) are of great interest because they can naturally infect humans. Plasmodium simium, a parasite restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, was recently shown to cause a zoonotic outbreak in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The potential of NHP to act as reservoirs of Plasmodium infection presents a challenge for malaria elimination, as NHP will contribute to the persistence of the parasite. The aim of the current study was to identify and quantify gametocytes in NHP naturally-infected by P. simium. Methods Whole blood samples from 35 NHP were used in quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) assays targeting 18S rRNA, Pss25 and Pss48/45 malaria parasite transcripts. Absolute quantification was performed in positive samples for 18S rRNA and Pss25 targets. Linear regression was used to compare the quantification cycle (Cq) and the Spearman\'s rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the copy numbers of 18S rRNA and Pss25 transcripts. The number of gametocytes/µL was calculated by applying a conversion factor of 4.17 Pss25 transcript copies per gametocyte. Results Overall, 87.5% of the 26 samples, previously diagnosed as P. simium, were positive for 18S rRNA transcript amplification, of which 13 samples (62%) were positive for Pss25 transcript amplification and 7 samples (54%) were also positive for Pss48/45 transcript. A strong positive correlation was identified between the Cq of the 18S rRNA and Pss25 and between the Pss25 and Pss48/45 transcripts. The 18S rRNA and Pss25 transcripts had an average of 1665.88 and 3.07 copies/µL, respectively. A positive correlation was observed between the copy number of Pss25 and 18S rRNA transcripts. Almost all gametocyte carriers exhibited low numbers of gametocytes (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMathilde Puges, Marine Jauvain, Carole Vignals, Hervé Dutronc, Laure Barthod, Sabine Pereyre, Philippe Lehours, Charles Cazanave
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
Within a few months, two young people were hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of Bordeaux University Hospital, France, for severe infectious mononucleosis tonsillitis. Both had fever, dysphonia, hypersialorrhea, halitosis, aphagia and activated circulating lymphocytes. Pharyngeal examination revealed a bilateral pseudomembranous and necrotic tonsillitis. Both had a good oral health and did not smoke nor reported alcohol use disorder. The diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis was confirmed by Epstein-Barr Virus serology and plasmatic PCR in both cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSizhou Feng, Guanhua Rao, Xudong Wei, Rong Fu, Ming Hou, Yongping Song, Chunhui Xu, Peng Han, Benfa Gong, Xin Chen, Yihao Wang, Xiaoyuan Dong, Zhi Jiang, Jianxiang Wang
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
To evaluate the diagnostic performance and clinical impact of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of plasma microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) in febrile neutropenia (FN).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHyung-Geun Moon, Seung-jae Kim, Ki-Hyun Kim, Young-Mee Kim, Jalees Rehman, Hyun Lee, Yi-Chien Wu, Steve Seung-Young Lee, John W. Christman, Steven J. Ackerman, Minhyung Kim, Sungyoung You, Gye Young Park
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 207, Issue 11, Page 1451-1463, June 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaniel P. Cook, Christopher M. Thomas, Ashley Y. Wu, Mark Rusznak, Jian Zhang, Weisong Zhou, Jacqueline-Yvonne Cephus, Katherine N. Gibson-Corley, Vasiliy V. Polosukhin, Allison E. Norlander, Dawn C. Newcomb, David A. Stoltz, R. Stokes Peebles
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 207, Issue 11, Page 1486-1497, June 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLetizia Trevisi, Miguel A. Hernán, Carole D. Mitnick, Uzma Khan, Kwonjune J. Seung, Michael L. Rich, Mathieu Bastard, Helena Huerga, Nara Melikyan, Sidney A. Atwood, Zaza Avaliani, Felix Llanos, Mohammad Manzur-ul-Alam, Khin Zarli, Amsalu Bekele Binegdie, Sana Adnan, Arusyak Melikyan, Alain Gelin, Afshan K. Isani, Dmitry Vetushko, Zhenisgul Daugarina, Patrick Nkundanyirazo, Fauziah Asnely Putri, Charles Vilbrun, Munira Khan, Catherine Hewison, Palwasha Y. Khan, Molly F. Franke
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 3.06.2023
Tilføjet 3.06.2023
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 207, Issue 11, Page 1525-1532, June 1, 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Publication date: Available online 2 June 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Olusegun Michael Otunuga, Alexandra Yu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOluwadamilola G. Osasona, Oluwatosin O. Oguntoye, Abiola O. Arowosaye, Lukman O. Abdulkareem, Moses O. Adewumi, Christian Happi, Onikepe Folarin
Virulence, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Nguyen, Trung C.; Marini, Juan C.; Guillory, Bobby; Valladolid-Brown, Christian; Martinez-Vargas, Marina; Subramanyam, Deepika; Cohen, Daniel; Cirlos, Sonya C.; Lam, Fong; Stoll, Barbara; Didelija, Inka C.; Vonderohe, Caitlin; Orellana, Renan; Saini, Arun; Pradhan, Subhashree; Bashir, Dalia; Desai, Moreshwar S.; Flores, Saul; Virk, Manpreet; Tcharmtchi, Hossein; Navaei, Amir; Kaplan, Sheldon; Lamberth, Linda; Hulten, Kristina G.; Scull, Brooks P.; Allen, Carl E.; Akcan-Arikan, Ayse; Vijayan, K. Vinod; Cruz, Miguel A.
Critical Care Explorations, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
CONTEXT: Sepsis-induced coagulopathy leading to disseminated microvascular thrombosis is associated with high mortality and has no existing therapy. Despite the high prevalence of Gram-positive bacterial sepsis, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), there is a paucity of published Gram-positive pediatric sepsis models. Large animal models replicating sepsis-induced coagulopathy are needed to test new therapeutics before human clinical trials. HYPOTHESIS: Our objective is to develop a pediatric sepsis-induced coagulopathy swine model that last 70 hours. METHODS AND MODELS: Ten 3 weeks old piglets, implanted with telemetry devices for continuous hemodynamic monitoring, were IV injected with MRSA (n = 6) (USA300, Texas Children’s Hospital 1516 strain) at 1 × 109 colony forming units/kg or saline (n = 4). Fluid resuscitation was given for heart rate greater than 50% or mean arterial blood pressure less than 30% from baseline. Acetaminophen and dextrose were provided as indicated. Point-of-care complete blood count, prothrombin time (PT), activated thromboplastin time, d-dimer, fibrinogen, and specialized coagulation assays were performed at pre- and post-injection, at 0, 24, 48, 60, and 70 hours. Piglets were euthanized and necropsies performed. RESULTS: Compared with the saline treated piglets (control), the septic piglets within 24 hours had significantly lower neurologic and respiratory scores. Over time, PT, d-dimer, and fibrinogen increased, while platelet counts and activities of factors V, VII, protein C, antithrombin, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin-1 motifs (13th member of the family) (ADAMTS-13) decreased significantly in septic piglets compared with control. Histopathologic examination showed minor focal organ injuries including microvascular thrombi and necrosis in the kidney and liver of septic piglets. INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: We established a 70-hour swine model of MRSA sepsis-induced coagulopathy with signs of consumptive coagulopathy, disseminated microvascular thrombosis, and early organ injuries with histological minor focal organ injuries. This model is clinically relevant to pediatric sepsis and can be used to study dysregulated host immune response and coagulopathy to infection, identify potential early biomarkers, and to test new therapeutics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundReduced plasma vitamin C (vitC) concentrations in HIV may result from abnormal urinary excretion: a renal leak. VitC renal leak indicates underlying nutritional dysregulation independent of diet. We hypothesized that increased renal leak prevalence in HIV would be associated with deficient vitC concentrations.MethodsWe conducted an outpatient cross-sectional study of 96 women:(40 participants with HIV (PWH) and 56 participants without HIV(PWOH), at the National Institutes of Health and Georgetown University. Renal leak was defined as abnormal urinary vitC excretion at fasting plasma concentrations
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundPeople with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) (PWH) are frequently coinfected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and at risk for progressing from asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis (TB). LTBI testing and preventive treatment (TB specific prevention) are recommended, but its efficacy in low transmission settings is unclear.MethodsWe included PWH enrolled from 1988 to 2022 in the Swiss HIV Cohort study (SHCS). The outcome, incident TB, was defined as TB ≥6 months after SHCS inclusion. We assessed its risk factors using a time-updated hazard regression, modeled the potential impact of modifiable factors on TB incidence, performed mediation analysis to assess underlying causes of time trends, and evaluated preventive measures.ResultsIn 21,528 PWH, LTBI prevalence declined from 15.1% in 2001 to 4.6% in 2021. Incident TB declined from 90.8 cases/1000 person-years in 1989 to 0.1 in 2021. A positive LTBI test showed a higher risk for incident TB (HR 9.8, 5.8-16.5) but only 10.5% of PWH with incident TB were tested positive. Preventive treatment reduced the risk in LTBI test positive PWH for active TB (relative risk reduction, 28.1%, absolute risk reduction 0.9%). On population level, the increase of CD4 T-cells and reduction of HIV viral load were the main driver of TB decrease.ConclusionsTB specific prevention is effective in selected patient groups. On a population level, control of HIV-1 remains the most important factor for incident TB reduction. Accurate identification of PWH at highest risk for TB is an unmet clinical need.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTropical Medicine & International Health, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Tropical Medicine &International Health, Volume 28, Issue 6, Page 419-419, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTropical Medicine & International Health, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Tropical Medicine &International Health, Volume 28, Issue 6, Page i-iv, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYing‐Ying Lin, Roubin Yao, Jiaxin Zhuang, Bo Wang, Liubing Du, Deyin Guo, Ji‐An Pan, Xiaoxue Peng
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Masoud Rahmati, Dong Keon Yon, Seung Won Lee, Raphael Udeh, Mark McEVoy, Min Seo Kim, Razak M. Gyasi, Hans Oh, Guillermo F. López Sánchez, Louis Jacob, Yusheng Li, Ai Koyanagi, Jae Il Shin, Lee Smith
Journal of Medical Virology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus was first isolated in China in 2009, and has since spread to several Asian countries. SFTS is closely related to environmental factors that accelerate vector growth. We evaluated the associations of SFTS and deforestation with environmental variables.MethodsFor this observational study, we generated multiple Poisson models using national SFTS outbreak data (2013–2018) and official environmental data for Korea. We included established risk factors as variables. Deforestation was used as the main variable. All variables were analyzed according to their spatial characteristics using the R-INLA package.ResultsSFTS cases increased over time and peaked in 2017, at 272, followed by a decrease in 2018. Disease mapping showed a high incidence of SFTS nationwide, with particular risks in Gangwon and Gyeonggi Provinces in the north, and Jeju in the south of South Korea. Deforestation was significantly associated with a higher risk of SFTS in the final model (RR: 1.751; 95% CI: 1.125- 2.743).DiscussionSFTS outbreaks are associated with deforestation. Therefore, deforestation in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, and Jeju Provinces of South Korea needs to be considered in vector-control strategies and active surveillance of SFTS occurrence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundSerological data on endemic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) and SARS-CoV-2 in southern Africa are scarce. Here, we report on i) endemic HCoV seasonality, ii) SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, and iii) predictive factors for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity and strength of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV serological response during a 17-month period at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults living with HIV.MethodsPlasma samples were collected from February 2020 to July 2021 within an outpatient HIV cohort in Lesotho. We used the ABCORA multiplex immunoassay to measure antibody responses to endemic HCoV (OC43, HKU1, NL63, and 229E) and SARS-CoV-2 antigens.ResultsResults of 3’173 samples from 1’403 adults were included. Serological responses against endemic HCoVs increased over time and peaked in winter/spring. SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity reached >35% among samples collected in early 2021 and was associated with female sex (p = 0.004), obesity (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundClinical benefit of Molnupiravir (MPV) in COVID-19 infected sub-populations is unclear.MethodsWe used a matched cohort study design to determine the rate of hospitalization or death within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis among MPV treated and untreated controls. Participants were non-hospitalized, previously uninfected Veterans with a first confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 1 and August 31, 2022, who were prescribed MPV within 3 days of COVID-19 diagnosis, and matched individuals who were not prescribed MPV.ResultsAmong 1,459 matched pairs, the incidence of hospitalization/death was not different among MPV treated vs. untreated controls (48 vs. 44 cases; ARD [95% CI] 0.27 [-0.94,1.49]). No benefit was observed among those >60 or ≤60 years old (ARD 0.27 [-1.25,1.79] vs. -0.29 [-1.22,1.80]), those with specific comorbidities, or by vaccination status. A significant benefit was observed in asymptomatic but not in symptomatic persons (ARD -2.80 [-4.74, -0.87] vs. 1.12 [-0.31,2.55]). Kaplan-Meier curves did not show a difference in proportion of persons who were hospitalized or died among MPV treated compared with untreated controls (logrank P = 0.7).ConclusionMPV was not associated with a reduction in hospitalization or death within 30 days of COVID-19 diagnosis. A subgroup of patients presenting without symptoms experienced a benefit.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAxel Hamprecht, Janko Sattler, Janina Noster, Yvonne Stelzer, Frieder Fuchs, Vivien Dorth, Sören G. Gatermann, Stephan Göttig
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
To analyse carbapenemases in Proteus mirabilis and assess the performance of carbapenemase detection assays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAxel Hamprecht, Janko Sattler, Janina Noster, Yvonne Stelzer, Frieder Fuchs, Vivien Dorth, Sören G. Gatermann, Stephan Göttig
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
To analyse carbapenemases in Proteus mirabilis and assess the performance of carbapenemase detection assays.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKittipong Chaisiri, Piyada Linsuwanon, Benjamin L. Makepeace
Trends in Parasitology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
The larval stage of trombiculid mites (Acari: Trombiculidae), known colloquially as chiggers (see Glossary), are the sole confirmed vectors of intracellular bacterial pathogens of the genus Orientia, the causative agents of scrub typhus. Chiggers parasitize mainly wild vertebrate hosts, such as small mammals, reptiles, and birds, whereas humans can be incidental hosts. Orientia spp. are closely related to Rickettsia spp., a better-known genus that includes the arthropod-borne pathogens responsible for epidemic typhus, endemic typhus, and spotted fevers.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMamadou Sitan Keita, Alioune Camara, Mamady Daffe, Aissata Fofana, Mamadou Balde, Thierno Diallo, Hamidou Barry, Elizabeth Fitch, Jean‐Luc Taton, Lamine Bangoura, Eliane Mbounga, Richard Reithinger
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Anne Moir
Trends in Microbiology, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
David Rudner and his team (Gao et al.) predict a pentameric structure for the GerA alanine-responsive germination receptor of Bacillus subtilis and demonstrate that it behaves as a nutrient-gated ion channel, finally establishing a function for this novel family of receptors and focussing research on early ion movements in germination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarco De Ambrogi
Lancet, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
Violence against women continues to be reported globally and it is partly rooted in gender inequality, patriarchy, and misogyny. Women are over six times more likely to experience sexual assault than men and an estimated one in three women in England and Wales experience intimate partner violence in their lifetimes. Lockdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated domestic abuse and nearly 1·7 million cases were recorded in England and Wales in the year ending March, 2022. Intimate partner violence can have impacts on mental health, substance use, and experience of prison.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDmitriy Petrov, Daniel Marchalik
Lancet, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
In December, 2022, a viral video of a female Ukrainian soldier dancing on a snowy bank made headlines. The cheerful choreography and the upbeat Ukrainian song were a stark contrast to the staccato of gunfire in the background. Loud criticisms of the unseriousness of the video in the middle of a war were voiced, but there was also an outpouring of support from some military personnel. They recognised a reality of military life and trauma, and the need for finding an emotional outlet.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlexandra Van Uytvanck, Laura Vanoverschelde, Valéry Daubie, Marie Dalborgo, Hussein Farhat
Lancet, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
A 27-year-old woman attended our accident and emergency unit reporting fatigue and recurrent pain in the right side of her chest; the tiredness, which had been present for several years, had recently worsened.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEzekiel J Emanuel, Govind Persad
Lancet, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to clarify the fair and equitable allocation of scarce medical resources, both within and among countries. The ethical allocation of such resources entails a three-step process: (1) elucidating the fundamental ethical values for allocation, (2) using these values to delineate priority tiers for scarce resources, and (3) implementing the prioritisation to faithfully realise the fundamental values. Myriad reports and assessments have elucidated five core substantive values for ethical allocation: maximising benefits and minimising harms, mitigating unfair disadvantage, equal moral concern, reciprocity, and instrumental value.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenrique Demeneck, André Luiz Parmegiani de Oliveira, Julia do Carmo Machado Kneipp Lopes, Leonardo Ryoiti Matsunago, Luiza Cavalca Grupenmacher, Marcos Roberto Curcio Pereira, Rebecca Benício Stocco, Salma Ali El Chab Parolin, Marcia Olandoski, Cristina Pellegrino Baena
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Henrique Demeneck, André Luiz Parmegiani de Oliveira, Julia do Carmo Machado Kneipp Lopes, Leonardo Ryoiti Matsunago, Luiza Cavalca Grupenmacher, Marcos Roberto Curcio Pereira, Rebecca Benício Stocco, Salma Ali El Chab Parolin, Marcia Olandoski, Cristina Pellegrino Baena The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic posed various challenges to the healthcare system and disease management. This study aimed to describe changes in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in a city in southern Brazil. This prospective study was carried out in two tertiary care private hospitals in Curitiba. A total of 1151 patients hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2021 were included. We identified three epidemiological critical periods of the pandemic and compared patients’ characteristics and the frequencies of oral intubation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. Continuous variables were analyzed by variance analysis model (ANOVA) or the Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric test and categorical variables by the chi-square or Fisher’s exact test. Models for univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were adjusted to identify the factors associated with mortality. All p-values were two-tailed and p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDuc Hong Vo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Duc Hong Vo While spillover across equity markets has been extensively investigated, volatility spillover across sectors has largely been under-examined in the current literature. This paper estimates the sectoral volatility using the ARMA-GARCH model and its spillover across Australian sectors on the VAR framework during the 2010–2021 period. We then identify breakpoints in market volatility during the Covid-19 pandemic using a wavelet methodology. We find that volatility spillover across Australian sectors is very significant at 60 per cent from 2010 to 2019, reaching 90 per cent during the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The spillover then reverts to its pre-pandemic level in 2021. Consumer Staples and Industrials are the significant risk transmitters, whereas Financials and Real estates are the most significant risk absorbers. Our findings also indicate that Real Estate, Health Care, and Financials record the most significant increase in volatility of more than 300 per cent. Policy implications regarding risk management across Australian sectors have emerged, particularly during extreme events such as the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBelinda R. Wright, Martina Jelocnik, Andrea Casteriano, Yasmine S. S. Muir, Alistair R. Legione, Paola K. Vaz, Joanne M. Devlin, Damien P. Higgins
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Belinda R. Wright, Martina Jelocnik, Andrea Casteriano, Yasmine S. S. Muir, Alistair R. Legione, Paola K. Vaz, Joanne M. Devlin, Damien P. Higgins The recent listing of koala populations as endangered across much of their range has highlighted the need for better management interventions. Disease is a key threat to koala populations but currently there is no information across the threatened populations on the distribution or impact of a gammaherpesvirus, phascolarctid gammaherpesvirus 1 (PhaHV-1). PhaHV-1 is known to infect koalas in southern populations which are, at present, not threatened. Current testing for PhaHV-1 involves lengthy laboratory techniques that do not permit quantification of viral load. In order to better understand distribution, prevalence and impacts of PhaHV-1 infections across koala populations, diagnostic and rapid point of care tests are required. We have developed two novel assays, a qPCR assay and an isothermal assay, that will enable researchers, clinicians and wildlife managers to reliably and rapidly test for PhaHV-1 in koalas. The ability to rapidly diagnose and quantify viral load will aid quarantine practices, inform translocation management and guide research into the clinical significance and impacts of PhaHV-1 infection in koalas.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSayaka Saito, Kei Mukohara, Kazuhiro Shimomura, Kenta Murotani
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Sayaka Saito, Kei Mukohara, Kazuhiro Shimomura, Kenta Murotani Background A national survey we conducted in 2008 showed that many Japanese physicians interacted with and received gifts from pharmaceutical representatives (PRs) and had a positive attitude toward relationships with PRs. The revised promotion code of the Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association in 2019 prohibited the provision of non-educational promotional aids including sticky notes, mouse pads, and calendars. During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, face-to-face meetings were socially restricted. This study assessed the extent of current Japanese physicians’ involvement in pharmaceutical promotional activities and their attitudes toward relationships with PRs and to ascertain any changes between 2008 and 2021. We also examined the factors that predicted positive attitudes toward gifts from PRs. Methods From January to March 2021, we conducted a national mail survey of Japanese physicians in seven specialties: internal medicine, surgery, orthopedics, pediatrics, obstetrics-gynecology, psychiatry, and ophthalmology. Results There were 1636 participants and the response rate was 63.2%. Most physicians met face-to-face with PRs (78.8%), whereas only a minority received meals outside the workplace (4.5%). PRs were thought to have an important role in continuing medical education (66.1%) and to provide accurate information about new drugs (74.2%). Opinions were divided on the appropriateness of gifts from PRs. Most thought that stationery and meals provided by the industry did not affect prescribing behavior (89.7% and 75.8%, respectively). Factors that predicted a positive attitude toward gifts from PRs were male, orthopedic specialty vs. internal medicine, more interactions with PRs, a positive attitude toward informational value, and no rules banning meetings with PRs. Conclusion Involvement in pharmaceutical promotional activities is still common among practicing physicians in Japan, although the extent of the involvement had declined. Rules banning meetings with PRs appear to continue being effective at limiting a physician’s involvement with promotional activities and their critical attitudes toward gifts from PRs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRami Masa’deh, Aaliyah Momani, Ahmad Rayan, Shaher H. Hamaideh, Omayma M. Masadeh, Nabeel Al-yateem
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Rami Masa’deh, Aaliyah Momani, Ahmad Rayan, Shaher H. Hamaideh, Omayma M. Masadeh, Nabeel Al-yateem Background Women planning to become pregnant, who are pregnant, and who are breastfeeding are more hesitant to take COVID-19 vaccines compared to other women globally. Aim This study investigates COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among women, who are planning for pregnancy, currently pregnant, and breastfeeding women in Jordan Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted in the biggest three cities in Jordan, including 874 women. Results Women who were planning for pregnancy, pregnant, or breastfeeding reported statistically significant lower levels of perception of the seriousness of COVID-19 (7.12 ± 0.72, 7.53 ± 1.80, 7.2439 ± 7296, respectively), significant lower levels of perceived benefits of the vaccine (8.92 ± 2.15, 8.73 ± 1.93, 9.09 ± 2.10, respectively), significant lower levels of motivation and causes of action (7.15 ± 1.71, 6.7524 ± 1.40, 7.27 ± 1.68, respectively), and significantly higher levels of COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy (31.32 ± 6.40, 30.11 ± 4.49, 30.27 ± 6.29, respectively) than other women.Married women, those whoe were previously infected with COVID-19, and those who had chronic diseases reported statistically significant lower levels of perception of COVID-19 seriousness, perceived benefits of COVID-19 vaccine, motivation to take COVID-19 vaccine, and causes of action, and significantly higher levels of hesitancy to take COVID-19 vaccine than unmarried women, those who have not been infected with COVID-19, and those who were medically healthy (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVanda Amado, Maria Tereza Couto, Manuel Filipe, Jette Möller, Lee Wallis, Lucie Laflamme
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Vanda Amado, Maria Tereza Couto, Manuel Filipe, Jette Möller, Lee Wallis, Lucie Laflamme Background Hospitals from resource-scarce countries encounter significant barriers to the provision of injury care, particularly for children. Shortages in material and human resources are seldom documented, not least in African settings. This study analyzed pediatric injury care resources in Mozambique hospital settings. Methods We undertook a cross-sectional study, encompassing the country’s four largest hospitals. Data was collected in November 2020 at the pediatric emergency units. Assessment of the resources available was made with standardized WHO emergency equipment and medication checklists, and direct observation of premises and procedures. The potential impact of unavailable equipment and medications in pediatric wards was assessed considering the provisions of injury care. Results There were significant amounts of not available equipment and medications in all hospitals (ranging from 20% to 49%) and two central hospitals stood out in that regard. The top categories of not available equipment pertained to diagnosis and monitoring, safety for health care personnel, and airway management. Medications to treat infections and poisonings were those most frequently not available. There were several noteworthy and life-threatening shortcomings in how well the facilities were equipped for treating pediatric patients. The staff regarded lack of equipment and skills as the main obstacles to delivering quality injury care. Further, they prioritized the implementation of trauma courses and the establishment of trauma centers to strengthen pediatric injury care. Conclusion The country’s four largest hospitals had substantial quality-care threatening shortages due to lack of equipment and medications for pediatric injury care. All four hospitals face issues that put at risk staff safety and impede the implementation of essential care interventions for injured children. Staff wishes for better training, working environments adequately equipped and well-organized. The room for improvement is considerable, the study results may help to set priorities, to benefit better outcomes in child injuries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEric T. Johnson, Rebecca Lyon, David Zaitlin, Abdul Burhan Khan, Mohammad Aman Jairajpuri
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.06.2023
Tilføjet 2.06.2023
by Eric T. Johnson, Rebecca Lyon, David Zaitlin, Abdul Burhan Khan, Mohammad Aman Jairajpuri Protein transporters move essential metabolites across membranes in all living organisms. Downy mildew causing plant pathogens are biotrophic oomycetes that transport essential nutrients from their hosts to grow. Little is known about the functions and gene expression levels of membrane transporters produced by downy mildew causing pathogens during infection of their hosts. Approximately 170–190 nonredundant transporter genes were identified in the genomes of Peronospora belbahrii, Peronospora effusa, and Peronospora tabacina, which are specialized pathogens of basil, spinach, and tobacco, respectively. The largest groups of transporter genes in each species belonged to the major facilitator superfamily, mitochondrial carriers (MC), and the drug/metabolite transporter group. Gene expression of putative Peronospora transporters was measured using RNA sequencing data at two time points following inoculation onto leaves of their hosts. There were 16 transporter genes, seven of which were MCs, expressed in each Peronospora species that were among the top 45 most highly expressed transporter genes 5–7 days after inoculation. Gene transcripts encoding the ADP/ATP translocase and the mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein were the most abundant mRNAs detected in each Peronospora species. This study found a number of Peronospora genes that are likely critical for pathogenesis and which might serve as future targets for control of these devastating plant pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed