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19 emner vises.
Evan Jarman, Jordan Burgess, Ayushi Sharma, Kate Hayashigatani, Amar Singh, Paige Fox
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.05.2024
Tilføjet 4.05.2024
by Evan Jarman, Jordan Burgess, Ayushi Sharma, Kate Hayashigatani, Amar Singh, Paige Fox The complexity of chronic wounds creates difficulty in effective treatments, leading to prolonged care and significant morbidity. Additionally, these wounds are incredibly prone to bacterial biofilm development, further complicating treatment. The current standard treatment of colonized superficial wounds, debridement with intermittent systemic antibiotics, can lead to systemic side-effects and often fails to directly target the bacterial biofilm. Furthermore, standard of care dressings do not directly provide adequate antimicrobial properties. This study aims to assess the capacity of human-derived collagen hydrogel to provide sustained antibiotic release to disrupt bacterial biofilms and decrease bacterial load while maintaining host cell viability and scaffold integrity. Human collagen harvested from flexor tendons underwent processing to yield a gellable liquid, and subsequently was combined with varying concentrations of gentamicin (50–500 mg/L) or clindamycin (10–100 mg/L). The elution kinetics of antibiotics from the hydrogel were analyzed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gel was used to topically treat Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens in established Kirby-Bauer and Crystal Violet models to assess the efficacy of bacterial inhibition. 2D mammalian cell monolayers were topically treated, and cell death was quantified to assess cytotoxicity. Bacteria-enhanced in vitro scratch assays were treated with antibiotic-embedded hydrogel and imaged over time to assess cell death and mobility. Collagen hydrogel embedded with antibiotics (cHG+abx) demonstrated sustained antibiotic release for up to 48 hours with successful inhibition of both MRSA and C. perfringens biofilms, while remaining bioactive up to 72 hours. Administration of cHG+abx with antibiotic concentrations up to 100X minimum inhibitory concentration was found to be non-toxic and facilitated mammalian cell migration in an in vitro scratch model. Collagen hydrogel is a promising pharmaceutical delivery vehicle that allows for safe, precise bacterial targeting for effective bacterial inhibition in a pro-regenerative scaffold.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedA. Q. M. Robiul Kawser, M. Nazmul Hoque, M. Shaminur Rahman, Tahsin Islam Sakif, Tracey J. Coffey, Tofazzal Islam
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
by A. Q. M. Robiul Kawser, M. Nazmul Hoque, M. Shaminur Rahman, Tahsin Islam Sakif, Tracey J. Coffey, Tofazzal Islam The field of fish microbiome research has rapidly been advancing, primarily focusing on farmed or laboratory fish species rather than natural or marine fish populations. This study sought to reveal the distinctive gut bacteriome composition and diversity within the anadromous fish species Tenualosa ilisha (hilsa), which holds the status of being the national fish of Bangladesh. We conducted an analysis on 15 gut samples obtained from 15 individual hilsa fishes collected from three primary habitats (e.g., freshwater = 5, brackish water = 5 and marine water = 5) in Bangladesh. The analysis utilized metagenomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 regions. Our comprehensive identification revealed a total of 258 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The observed OTUs were represented by six phyla, nine classes, 19 orders, 26 families and 40 genera of bacteria. Our analysis unveiled considerable taxonomic differences among the habitats (freshwater, brackish water, and marine water) of hilsa fishes, as denoted by a higher level of shared microbiota (p = 0.007, Kruskal-Wallis test). Among the identified genera in the gut of hilsa fishes, including Vagococcus, Morganella, Enterobacter, Plesiomonas, Shigella, Clostridium, Klebsiella, Serratia, Aeromonas, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Proteus, and Hafnia, several are recognized as fish probiotics. Importantly, some bacterial genera such as Sinobaca, Synechococcus, Gemmata, Serinicoccus, Saccharopolyspora, and Paulinella identified in the gut of hilsa identified in this study have not been reported in any aquatic or marine fish species. Significantly, we observed that 67.50% (27/40) of bacterial genera were found to be common among hilsa fishes across all three habitats. Our findings offer compelling evidence for the presence of both exclusive and communal bacteriomes within the gut of hilsa fishes, exhibiting potential probiotic properties. These observations could be crucial for guiding future microbiome investigations in this economically significant fish species.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFeba Ann John, Valeria Criollo, Carissa Gaghan, Abigail Armwood, Jennifer Holmes, Anil J. Thachil, Rocio Crespo, Raveendra R. Kulkarni
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.04.2024
Tilføjet 29.04.2024
by Feba Ann John, Valeria Criollo, Carissa Gaghan, Abigail Armwood, Jennifer Holmes, Anil J. Thachil, Rocio Crespo, Raveendra R. Kulkarni Clostridial dermatitis (CD), caused by Clostridium septicum, is an emerging disease of increasing economic importance in turkeys. Currently, there are no effective vaccines for CD control. Here, two non-toxic domains of C. septicum alpha toxin, namely ntATX-D1 and ntATX-D2, were identified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli as recombinant subunit proteins to investigate their use as potential vaccine candidates. Experimental groups consisted of a Negative control (NCx) that did not receive C. septicum challenge, while the adjuvant-only Positive control (PCx), ntATX-D1 immunization (D1) and ntATX-D2 immunization (D2) groups received C. septicum challenge. Turkeys were immunized subcutaneously with 100 μg of protein at 7, 8 and 9 weeks of age along with an oil-in-water nano-emulsion adjuvant, followed by C. septicum challenge at 11 weeks of age. Results showed that while 46.2% of birds in the PCx group died post-challenge, the rate of mortality in D1- or D2-immunization groups was 13.3%. The gross and histopathological lesions in the skin, muscle and spleen showed that the disease severity was highest in PCx group, while the D2-immunized birds had significantly lower lesion scores when compared to PCx. Gene expression analysis revealed that PCx birds had significantly higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in the skin, muscle and spleen than the NCx group, while the D2 group had significantly lower expression of these genes compared to PCx. Peripheral blood cellular analysis showed increased frequencies of activated CD4+ and/or CD8+ cells in the D1 and D2-immunized groups. Additionally, the immunized turkeys developed antigen-specific serum IgY antibodies. Collectively, these findings indicate that ntATX proteins, specifically the ntATX-D2 can be a promising vaccine candidate for protecting turkeys against CD and that the protection mechanisms may include downregulation of C. septicum-induced inflammation and increased CD4+ and CD8+ cellular activation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHadil Alahdal, Ghaida Almuneef, Manal Muhammed Alkhulaifi, Omar Aldibasi, Abdulrahman Aljouie, Othman Alharbi, Zakiah Naser Almohawes, Fatemah Basingab, Mokhtar Rejili
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.04.2024
Tilføjet 24.04.2024
by Hadil Alahdal, Ghaida Almuneef, Manal Muhammed Alkhulaifi, Omar Aldibasi, Abdulrahman Aljouie, Othman Alharbi, Zakiah Naser Almohawes, Fatemah Basingab, Mokhtar Rejili Crohn’s disease (CD) entails intricate interactions with gut microbiome diversity, richness, and composition. The relationship between CD and gut microbiome is not clearly understood and has not been previously characterized in Saudi Arabia. We performed statistical analysis about various factors influencing CD activity and microbiota dysbiosis, including diagnosis, treatment, and its impact on their quality of life as well as high-throughput metagenomic V3-V4 16S rRNA encoding gene hypervariable region of a total of eighty patients with CD, both in its active and inactive state with healthy controls. The results were correlated with the demographic and lifestyle information, which the participants provided via a questionnaire. α-diversity measures indicated lower bacterial diversity and richness in the active and inactive CD groups compared to the control group. Greater dysbiosis was observed in the active CD patients compared to the inactive form of the disease, showed by a reduction in microbial diversity. Specific pathogenic bacteria such as Filifactor, Peptoniphilus, and Sellimonas were identified as characteristic of CD groups. In contrast, anti-inflammatory bacteria like Defluviitalea, Papillibacter, and Petroclostridium were associated with the control group. Among the various factors influencing disease activity and microbiota dysbiosis, smoking emerged as the most significant, with reduced α-diversity and richness for the smokers in all groups, and proinflammatory Fusobacteria was more present (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
Abstract Background Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been increasingly applied in sepsis. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic utility of mNGS of paired plasma and peritoneal drainage (PD) fluid samples in comparison to culture-based microbiological tests (CMTs) among critically ill patients with suspected acute intra-abdominal infections (IAIs). Methods We conducted a prospective study from October 2021 to December 2022 enrolling septic patients with suspected IAIs (n = 111). Pairwise CMTs and mNGS of plasma and PD fluid were sent for pathogen detection. The mNGS group underwent therapeutic regimen adjustment based on mNGS results for better treatment. The microbial community structure, clinical features, antibiotic use and prognoses of the patients were analyzed. Results Higher positivity rates were observed with mNGS versus CMTs for both PD fluid (90.0% vs. 48.3%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStephen J. BillingtonEva U. WieckowskiMahfuzur R. SarkerDawn BueschelJ. Glenn SongerBruce A. McClane
Infection and Immunity, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
Seyed Hossien Kairmi, Khaled Abdelaziz, Heidi Spahany, Jake Astill, David Trott, Blake Wang, Alice Wang, John Parkinson, Shayan Sharif
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Seyed Hossien Kairmi, Khaled Abdelaziz, Heidi Spahany, Jake Astill, David Trott, Blake Wang, Alice Wang, John Parkinson, Shayan Sharif The present study was undertaken to profile and compare the cecal microbial communities in conventionally (CONV) grown and raised without antibiotics (RWA) broiler chickens. Three hundred chickens were collected from five CONV and five RWA chicken farms on days 10, 24, and 35 of age. Microbial genomic DNA was extracted from cecal contents, and the V4-V5 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequence data indicated significant differences in the cecal microbial diversity and composition between CONV and RWA chickens on days 10, 24, and 35 days of age. On days 10 and 24, CONV chickens had higher richness and diversity of the cecal microbiome relative to RWA chickens. However, on day 35, this pattern reversed such that RWA chickens had higher richness and diversity of the cecal microbiome than the CONV groups. On days 10 and 24, the microbiomes of both CONV and RWA chickens were dominated by members of the phylum Firmicutes. On day 35, while Firmicutes remained dominant in the RWA chickens, the microbiome of CONV chickens exhibited am abundance of Bacteroidetes. The cecal microbiome of CONV chickens was enriched with the genus Faecalibacterium, Pseudoflavonifractor, unclassified Clostridium_IV, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Butyricimonas, whereas the cecal microbiome of RWA chickens was enriched with genus Anaerofilum, Butyricicoccu, Clostridium_XlVb and unclassified Lachnospiraceae. Overall, the cecal microbiome richness, diversity, and composition were greatly influenced by the management program applied in these farms. These findings provide a foundation for further research on tailoring feed formulation or developing a consortium to modify the gut microbiome composition of RWA chickens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMontravers, Philippe; Soussan, Romy; Tanaka, Sébastien
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 28.02.2024
Tilføjet 28.02.2024
Purpose of review The early recognition of acute bacterial skin infections (ABSIs) and their swift and adequate care are the major determinants of success. The features that can hamper or delay surgical and medical management can lead to ‘difficult-to-treat’ ABSIs. Recent findings Delayed diagnosis and belated management are the key obstacles to be overcome. Clinicians should be careful about underestimating the severity of ABSIs and overlooking comorbidities, especially immunosuppression. Many conditions can lead to delayed source control, including a misdiagnosis, interhospital transfers, delayed re-exploration, or extensive injuries. Difficult therapeutic issues can occur, including rapidly destructive infections from highly pathogenic microorganisms (Group-A-streptococci, Vibrio spp., Clostridium spp. and Staphylococcus aureus) or inadequate antibiotic therapy resulting from multidrug-resistant bacteria. Impaired pharmacokinetic capacities of antibiotic agents should also be considered as a source of clinical failure due to insufficient antimicrobial activity at the site of infection. Summary Microbiological samples should be used for guiding antimicrobial therapy. Risk factors for multidrug-resistant bacteria should be considered, including local epidemiology and comorbidities. The optimization of antibiotic therapy should be achieved. Optimized care should be achieved through multidisciplinary management involving professionals with sufficient and appropriate training.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLukas Huber, Benno Kuropka, Pavlos G. Doulidis, Elisabeth Baszler, Lukas Martin, Anda Rosu, Lisa Kulmer, Carolina Frizzo Ramos, Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas, Iwan A. Burgener
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 8.02.2024
Tilføjet 8.02.2024
by Lukas Huber, Benno Kuropka, Pavlos G. Doulidis, Elisabeth Baszler, Lukas Martin, Anda Rosu, Lisa Kulmer, Carolina Frizzo Ramos, Alexandro Rodríguez-Rojas, Iwan A. Burgener Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea is a common complaint in dogs. In addition to causes like intestinal parasites, dietary indiscretion, intestinal foreign bodies, canine parvovirus infection, or hypoadrenocorticism, acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (AHDS) is an important and sometimes life-threatening differential diagnosis. There is some evidence supporting the link between Clostridium perfringens toxins and AHDS. These toxins may be partially responsible for the epithelial cell injury, but the pathogenesis of AHDS is still not fully understood. Recent studies have suggested that severe damage to the intestinal mucosa and associated barrier dysfunction can trigger chronic gastrointestinal illnesses. Besides bloodwork and classical markers for AHDS such as protein loss and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, we focused mainly on the plasma-proteome to identify systemic pathological alterations during this disease and searched for potential biomarkers to improve the diagnosis. To accomplish the goals, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We compared the proteomic profiles of 20 dogs with AHDS to 20 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs. All dogs were examined, and several blood work parameters were determined and compared, including plasma biochemistry and cell counts. We identified and quantified (relative quantification) 207 plasmatic proteins, from which dozens showed significantly altered levels in AHDS. Serpina3, Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, several Ig-like domain-containing proteins, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Serum amyloid A were more abundant in plasma from AHDS affected dogs. In contrast, other proteins such as Paraoxonase, Selenoprotein, Amine oxidases, and Apolipoprotein C-IV were significantly less abundant. Many of the identified and quantified proteins are known to be associated with inflammation. Other proteins like Serpina3 and RPLP1 have a relevant role in oncogenesis. Some proteins and their roles have not yet been described in dogs with diarrhoea. Our study opens new avenues that could contribute to the understanding of the aetiology and pathophysiology of AHDS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedI-Wen Chen, Chia-Li Kao, Kuo-Chuan Hung
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6.02.2024
Tilføjet 6.02.2024
We read with great interest the systematic review and meta-analysis by Stabholz and Paul that examined the effect of antibiotic therapy for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) on mortality and other patient-relevant outcomes [1]. The authors found no significant difference in all-cause mortality between vancomycin and either fidaxomicin or metronidazole in randomized controlled trials (RCTs)[1]. Initial treatment failure was also similar between vancomycin and fidaxomicin but was higher with metronidazole than with vancomycin (Relative Risk, 1.58)[1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 19.01.2024
Tilføjet 19.01.2024
Abstract Background Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a debilitating nosocomial infection. C. difficile produces toxins A and B, which cause inflammation. Existing therapies have issues with recurrence, cost, and safety. We aim to discover a safe, effective, and economical non-microbiological therapeutic approach against CDI.Methods We included human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), fresh human colonic explants, and humanized HuCD34-NCG mice. Toxin A+B+ VPI10463 and A-B+ ribotype 017 C. difficile strains were used. We used single-cell RNA profiling and high-throughput screening to find actionable toxin B-dependent pathways in PBMCs.Results Histamine 1 receptor-related drugs were found among the hit compounds that reversed toxin-mediated macrophage inflammatory protein one alpha (MIP-1α) expression in PBMCs. We identified Loratadine as the safest representative antihistamine for therapeutic development. Loratadine inhibited toxin B-induced MIP-1α secretion in fresh human colonic tissues. Oral Loratadine (10 mg/kg/day) maintained survival, inhibited intestinal Ccl3 mRNA expression, and prevented vancomycin-associated recurrence in the VPI10463-infected mice and ribotype 017-infected hamsters. Splenocytes from Loratadine-treated mice conferred anti-inflammatory effects to the VPI10463-infected T/B cell-deficient Rag-/- mice. Oral Loratadine suppressed human MIP-1α expression in monocytes/macrophages in toxin B-expressing ribotype 017-infected humanized HuCD34-NCG mice.Conclusions Loratadine may be repurposed to optimize existing therapies against CDI.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 18.11.2023
Tilføjet 18.11.2023
Abstract Background The breast milk bank is a professional organization that collects donor human milk (DHM) for special medical needs by recruiting qualified breast milk donors. Such organizations are also responsible for the disinfection, processing, testing, storage, distribution, and use of breast milk. As DHM is a biological product, it may get contaminated. Microbiological testing is the final step to determine microbial contamination of DHM. However, a universal method for the microbiological analysis of DHM in breast milk banks globally is lacking.DHM without strict screening may become a potential carrier of pathogens and seriously threaten the health of infants. Clostridium perfringens, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is capable of causing wound infections, including gas gangrene, enteritis/enterocolitis, and enterotoxemia. Here, the first case of C. perfringens detected in DHM has been reported to facilitate the identification of such contamination in breast milk banks. Case presentation A breastfeeding mother donated 3000 mL of milk to the breast milk bank of the First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical University(over 2900 beds and patient receiving capacity of over 132,000), Chongqing, China. The milk sample was subjected to microbiological screening using liquid enrichment, followed by anaerobic and aerobic culturing. The results revealed the growth of C. perfringens in the anaerobic culture medium, but no bacteria or yeast-like fungi were observed in the aerobic culture medium. The donor did not exhibit any clinical symptoms, and her routine blood results and body temperature were normal. However, the infant fed with her milk had recurrent bloody stools. Breast milk bank infection control emergency handling as well as environmental sampling and investigation revealed that the cause was contamination of the donor’s home-use breast pump with C. perfringens. The infant no longer experienced bloody stool once the donor changed the breast pump. Conclusions C. perfringens can enter breast milk from contaminated pumping environments or devices, thus causing illness in infants. The microbiological testing of DHM in breast milk banks can be accomplished using liquid enrichment, along with anaerobic and aerobic culture, which is of immense significance in improving the standards for microbiological screening, DHM safety, and infant health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 2.10.2023
Tilføjet 2.10.2023
Abstract Background Approximately 10% of patients experience prolonged symptoms after Lyme disease. PTLDS (post treatment Lyme disease syndrome) is a controversial topic. It has been described as a source of overdiagnosis and off-label treatment. This review aims to describe the diagnostic errors and adverse events associated with the diagnosis and treatment of PTLDS. Methods systematic review of the literature in the Medline and Cochrane Library databases, according to PRISMA criteria, including randomized clinical trials (RCT), observational studies, and case reports addressing diagnostic errors and adverse events published between January 2010 and November 2020 in English or French. Selection used a quadruple reading process on the basis of the titles and abstracts of the different articles, followed by a full reading. Results 17 studies were included: 1 RCT, 6 observational studies and 10 case reports. In the 6 observational studies, overdiagnosis rates were very high, ranging from 80 to 100%. The new diagnoses were often psychiatric, rheumatological and neurological. Disorders with somatic symptoms were often cited. Diagnostic delays were identified for cancers and frontoparietal dementia. In the RCT and observational studies, prolonged anti-infective treatments were also responsible for adverse events, with emergency room visits and/or hospitalization. The most common adverse events were diarrhea, sometimes with Clostridium difficile colitis, electrolyte abnormalities, sepsis, bacterial and fungal infections, and anaphylactic reactions. Conclusion This review highlights the risks of prolonged anti-infective treatments that have not been proven to be beneficial in PTLDS. It emphasizes the ethical imperative of the “primum non nocere” principle, which underscores the importance of not causing harm to patients. Physicians should exercise caution in diagnosing PTLDS and consider the potential risks associated with off-label treatments.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBocheng Xu, Weike Shaoyong, Lin Wang, Chen Yang, Tingjun Chen, Xiao Jiang, Rong Yan, Zipeng Jiang, Pan Zhang, Mingliang Jin, Yizhen Wang
Science Advances, 30.09.2023
Tilføjet 30.09.2023
Difei Yao, Wei He, Yangmin Hu, Ying Yuan, Huimin Xu, Juan Wang, Haibin Dai
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 21.09.2023
Tilføjet 21.09.2023
by Difei Yao, Wei He, Yangmin Hu, Ying Yuan, Huimin Xu, Juan Wang, Haibin Dai Probiotics have become increasingly popular among cancer patients. However, there is limited data from a real-world setting. This study aims to conduct a retrospective analysis to understand the trend of probiotic prescriptions in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. The Mann-Kendall and Cochran-Armitage trend test was applied to estimate the trend significance. Gephi software identified the combination of probiotic strains. The binary logistic regression investigated influence factors, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient calculated correlations between probiotics and antitumor drug usage. The probiotic prescription percentage increased from 3.3% in 2015 to 4.2% in 2021 (Z = 12.77, p < 0.001). Although 48.3% of probiotic prescriptions had no indication-related diagnosis, diarrhea (OR 10.91, 95% CI 10.57–11.26) and dyspepsia (3.97, 3.82–4.12) included prescriptions most likely to contain probiotics. Prescriptions from the tertiary hospital (1.43,1.36–1.50), clinics (1.30, 1.28–1.33), and senior patients (1.018 per year, 1.017–1.019) were more likely to contain probiotics. Most probiotic prescriptions (95.0%) contained one probiotic product but multiple strains (69.3%). Enterococcus faecalis (49.7%), Lactobacillus acidophilus (39.4%), and Clostridium butyricum (27.9%) were the most prescribed strains. The probiotics co-prescribed with antitumor agents increased rapidly from 6.6% to 13.8% in seven years (Z = 15.31, p < 0.001). Oral fluorouracil agents (2.35, 2.14–2.59), regorafenib (1.70,1.27–2.26), and irinotecan (1.27,1.15–1.41) had a higher probability to co-prescribed with probiotics. There was no correlation between probiotic strain selection and specific antitumor drug use. The increasing prescription of probiotics in colorectal cancer patients in China may be related to treating the gastrointestinal toxicity of anti-cancer drugs. With unapproved indications and a lack of strain selectivity, evidence-based guidelines are urgently needed to improve probiotic use in this population.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJia Ouyang, Qinghua Miao, Dong Wei, Xinxin Zhang, Erming Luo, Chunying Li, Li Wei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.08.2023
Tilføjet 17.08.2023
by Jia Ouyang, Qinghua Miao, Dong Wei, Xinxin Zhang, Erming Luo, Chunying Li, Li Wei The treatment efficiency of Chromium (Cr)-containing Printed Circuit Board (PCB) wastewater is significantly hampered by the limited physiological activity of microorganisms when activated sludge is applied. In this study, the biodegradation and electron transfer based on sulfur metabolism in the integrated (BESI®) process use sulfur as the electron acceptor to achieve sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation, leading to efficient removal of Cr. The concentrations of total Cr and Cr(VI) in the effluent were reduced to 0.5 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, from an initial range of 25–32 mg/L in the influent. The removal of Cr (ΔC(Cr(VI))) mainly occurred in the Sulfate Reduction (SR) reactor, which was significantly correlated with the generation of sulphide (ΔC(S2−)) (R2 = 0.9987). Meantime, analysis of the microbial community showed that Cr (VI) stress increased the diversity of the bacterial community in sludge. The presence of Clostridium (52.54% and 47.78%) in SR & Sulfide Oxidation (SO) reactor, along with the Synergistaceae (31.90%) and Trichococcus (26.59%) in aerobic reactor, might contribute to the gradient degradation of COD, resulting in a removal efficiency exceeding 80% when treating an influent with a concentration of 1000 mg/L. In addition, the main precipitation components in the SR reactor were identified by scanning electron microscope, indicating that Cr has been removed from wastewater as Cr(OH)3 precipitation. This study sheds light on the potential of using the BESI® process for the real PCB wastewater treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCoffey, KC; Morgan, Daniel J; Claeys, Kimberly C
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases, 20.07.2023
Tilføjet 20.07.2023
Purpose of review The aim of this study was to review recently published diagnostic stewardship studies of common clinical infectious syndromes and the impact on antibiotic prescribing. Recent findings Diagnostic stewardship can be implemented within healthcare systems and tailored to infectious syndromes, including urinary tract, gastrointestinal, respiratory and bloodstream infections. In urinary syndromes, diagnostic stewardship can decrease unnecessary urine culturing and associated antibiotic prescribing. Diagnostic stewardship of Clostridium difficile testing can decrease antibiotics and test ordering with a reduction in healthcare-associated C. difficile infections. Respiratory syndrome multiplex arrays can decrease time to results and increase detection of clinically relevant pathogens but may not decrease antibiotics use, or worse, could increase over-prescribing if diagnostic stewardship of ordering practices is not exercised. Lastly, blood culturing practices can be improved by clinical decision support to safely decrease collection and broad-spectrum antibiotic use. Summary Diagnostic stewardship decreases unnecessary antibiotic use in a way that is different from and complementary to antibiotic stewardship. Further studies are needed to quantify the full impact on antibiotic use and resistance. Future considerations should be to institutionalize diagnostic stewardship in patient care activities to leverage integration into systems-based interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 1.06.2023
Tilføjet 1.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundDespite intensive prophylactic and pre-emptive measures, infections remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Disruption of the gut microbiota has been linked to clinical outcomes after adult allo-HCT. This study evaluated whether these or differing microbiota disruptions or signatures were associated with risk of infection in pediatric allo-HCT.MethodsIn a prospective observational study, fecal samples from 74 children were collected prior to conditioning and at the time of neutrophil recovery and profiled by means of 16S ribosomal rRNA sequencing. The associations between microbiome signatures and infections or acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) were examined using Cox proportional-hazards analysis.ResultsPreviously associated indices of microbiome disruption in adults, including diversity and butyrate producer frequency, did not predict infection risk in pediatric allo-HCT. Unique microbiota signatures were associated with different infections or aGVHD. A ratio of strict and facultative anaerobes (e.g. Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Clostridium spp.) prior to conditioning predicted likelihood of bacteremia (cox hazards ratio 3.89) in first year post HCT. A distinct ratio of oral (e.g. Rothia, Veillonella spp.) to colonic anaerobes (e.g. Anaerobutyricum, Dorea, Romboutsia spp.) at neutrophil recovery predicted likelihood of bacterial infections (cox hazards ratio 1.81) and viral enterocolitis (cox hazards ratio 1.96) through first year post transplant.ConclusionsInteractions between medical interventions, pediatric hosts and microbial communities may be responsible for these consistent microbiota signatures that predict infections. A future multi-center investigation will be needed to demonstrate whether these ratios can be generalized to other pediatric cohorts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJihong Li, Arhat Pradhan, Bruce A. McClaneaDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 22.05.2023
Tilføjet 22.05.2023