47 ud af 47 tidsskrifter valgt, søgeord (tuberculosis, tuberkulose) valgt, emner højest 30 dage gamle, sorteret efter nyeste først.
48 emner vises.
1
[Articles] Bedaquiline-pretomanid-moxifloxacin-pyrazinamide for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis treatment: a phase 2c, open-label, multicentre, partially randomised controlled trial
Muge Cevik, Lindsay C Thompson, Caryn Upton, Valéria Cavalcanti Rolla, Mookho Malahleha, Blandina Mmbaga, Nosipho Ngubane, Zamzurina Abu Bakar, Mohammed Rassool, Ebrahim Variava, Rodney Dawson, Suzanne Staples, Umesh Lalloo, Cheryl Louw, Francesca Conradie, Marika Eristavi, Anastasia Samoilova, Sergey N Skornyakov, Niyanda Elias Ntinginya, Frederick Haraka, George Praygod, Harriett Mayanja-Kizza, Janice Caoili, Vincent Balanag, Margareth Pretti Dalcolmo, Timothy McHugh, Robert Hunt, Priya Solanki, Anna Bateson, Angela M Crook, Stella Fabiane, Juliano Timm, Eugene Sun, Melvin Spigelman, Derek J Sloan, Stephen H Gillespie, SimpliciTB Consortium
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 18.05.2024
Tilføjet 18.05.2024
For DS-TB, BPaMZ successfully met the primary efficacy endpoint of sputum culture conversion. The regimen did not meet the key secondary efficacy endpoint due to adverse events resulting in treatment withdrawal. Our study demonstrated the potential for treatment-shortening efficacy of the BPaMZ regimen for DS-TB and DR-TB, providing clinical validation of a murine model widely used to identify such regimens. It also highlights that novel, treatment-shortening TB treatment regimens require an acceptable toxicity and tolerability profile with minimal monitoring in low-resource and high-burden settings.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
2
Anaesthetic and perioperative considerations for extrapleural pneumonectomy and extended pleurectomy/decortication: a scoping review protocol
Yip, S. W. S., Weinberg, L., Gooi, J., Sivenayagam, S., Coulson, T. G., Barnett, S. A., Knight, S. R., Ludski, J., Lee, D. K.
BMJ Open, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
IntroductionExtrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and extended pleurectomy/decortication (ePD) are surgical cytoreductive techniques aimed at achieving macroscopic resection in malignant pleural tumours such as pleural mesothelioma, non-mesothelioma pleural malignancies such as thymoma and sarcoma, and rarely for pleural tuberculosis, in a more limited fashion. Despite extensive studies on both surgical techniques and consequences, a significant knowledge gap remains regarding how best to approach the perioperative anaesthesia challenges for EPP and ePD. It is unknown if the risk stratification processes for such surgeries are standardised or what types of functional and dynamic cardiac and pulmonary tests are employed preoperatively to assist in the perioperative risk stratification. Further, it is unknown whether the types of anaesthesia and analgesia techniques employed, and the types of haemodynamic monitoring tools used, impact on outcomes. It is also unknown whether individualised haemodynamic protocols are used to guide the rational use of fluids, vasoactive drugs and inotropes. Finally, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how best to monitor these patients postoperatively or what the most effective enhanced recovery protocols are to best mitigate postoperative complications and accelerate hospital discharge. To increase our knowledge of the perioperative and anaesthetic treatment for patients undergoing EPP/ePD, this scoping review attempts to synthesise the literature and identify these knowledge gaps. Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Review Protocols methodology. Electronic databases, OVID Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, will be systematically searched for relevant literature corresponding to EPP or ePD and perioperative or anaesthetic management. Data will be analysed and summarised descriptively and organised according to the three perioperative stages: preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in clinical care. Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was not required. The findings will be disseminated through professional networks, conference presentations and publications in scientific journals.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
3
Tuberculosis preventive treatment uptake among people living with HIV during COVID-19 period in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective data review
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
Abstract Background Screening for tuberculosis (TB) and providing TB preventive treatment (TPT) along with antiretroviral therapy is key components of human immune deficiency virus (HIV) care. The uptake of TPT during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period has not been adequately assessed in Addis Ababa City Administration. This study aimed at assessing TPT uptake status among People living with HIV (PLHIV) newly initiated on antiretroviral therapy during the COVID-19 period at all public hospitals of Addis Ababa City Administration, Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective data review was conducted from April-July 2022. Routine District Health Information System 2 database was reviewed for the period from April 2020-March 2022. Proportion and mean with standard deviation were computed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with TPT completion. A p-value of
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
4
Neighbourhood factors and tuberculosis incidence in Cape Town: A negative binomial regression and spatial analysis
M. Molemans, L. Kayaert, Q. Olislagers, S. Abrahams, N. Berkowitz, E. Mohr‐Holland, D. McKelly, R. Wood, F. van Leth, S. Hermans
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 17.05.2024
Tilføjet 17.05.2024
5
Enhanced tuberculosis diagnosis with computer-aided chest X-ray and urine LAM in adults with HIV admitted to hospital (CASTLE study): A cluster randomised trial
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
Abstract Background People with HIV (PHIV) admitted to hospital have high mortality, with tuberculosis (TB) being the major cause of death. Systematic use of new TB diagnostics could improve TB diagnosis and might improve outcomes.Methods We conducted a cluster randomised trial among adult PHIV admitted to Zomba Central Hospital, Malawi. Admission-days were randomly assigned to: enhanced TB diagnostics using urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) antigen tests (SILVAMP-LAM, Fujifilm, Japan and Determine-LAM, Alere/Abbot, USA), digital chest X-ray with computer aided diagnosis (dCXR-CAD, CAD4TBv6, Delft, Netherlands), plus usual care (“enhanced TB diagnostics”); or usual care alone (“usual care”). The primary outcome was TB treatment initiation during admission. Secondary outcomes were 56-day mortality, TB diagnosis within 24-hours, and undiagnosed TB at discharge, ascertained by culture of one admission sputum sample.Findings Between 2 September 2020 and 15 February 2022, we recruited 419 people. Four people were excluded post-recruitment, leaving 415 adults recruited during 207 randomly assigned admission-days in modified intention-to-treat analysis. At admission, 90.8% (377/415) were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) with median (IQR) CD4 cell count 240 cells/mm3. In the enhanced diagnostic arm, median CAD4TBv6 score was 60 (IQR: 51-71), 4.4% (9/207) had SILVAMP-LAM-positive and 14.4% (29/201) had Determine-LAM positive urine with three samples positive by both urine tests. TB treatment was initiated in 46/208 (22%) in enhanced TB diagnostics arm and 24/207 (12%) in usual care arm (risk ratio [RR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.20-3.08). There was no difference in mortality by 56 days (enhanced TB diagnosis: 54/208, 26%; usual care: 52/207, 25%; hazard ratio 1.05, 95% CI 0.72–1.53); TB treatment initiation within 24 hours (enhanced TB diagnosis: 8/207, 3.9%; usual care: 5/208, 2.4%; RR 1.61, 95% CI 0.53–4.71); or undiagnosed microbiological-confirmed TB at discharge (enhanced TB diagnosis, 0/207 (0.0%), usual care arm 2/208 (1.0%) (p = 0.50).Interpretation Urine SILVAMP-LAM/Determine-LAM plus dCXR-CAD diagnostics identified more hospitalised PHIV with TB than usual care. The increase in TB treatment appeared mainly due to greater use of Determine-LAM, rather than SILVAMP-LAM or dCXR-CAD. Poor concordance between Determine-LAM and SILVAMP-LAM urine tests requires further investigation. Inpatient mortality for adults with HIV remains unacceptability high.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
6
Transmission characteristics in Tuberculosis by WGS: nationwide cross-sectional surveillance in China
Dongxin LiuFei HuangYaru LiLingfeng MaoWencong HeSihao WuHui XiaPing HeHuiwen ZhengYang ZhouBing ZhaoXichao OuYuanyuan SongZexuan SongLi MeiLi LiuGuoliang ZhangQiang WeiYanlin Zhaoa National Pathogen Resource Center, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Department of Nutrition, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical Universityd Joint Research Center for Molecular Diagnosis of Severe Infection in Children, Binjiang Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinae Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinaf National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
7
[Articles] Performance of a stool-based quantitative PCR assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adolescents and adults: a multinational, prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Alexander Kay, Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Bariki Mtafya, Jose Euberto Mendez Reyes, Nontobeko Maphalala, Shilzia Munguambe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Tara Ness, Belen Saavedra, Jason Bacha, Gugu Maphalala, Rojelio Mejia, Godwin Mtetwa, Sozinho Acacio, Patricia Manjate, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Nokwanda Kota, Mangaliso Ziyane, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Christoph Lange, H Lester Kirchner, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Stool4TB Global Partnership
Lancet Microbe, 16.05.2024
Tilføjet 16.05.2024
In this study, a novel qPCR for the diagnosis of tuberculosis from stool specimens had a higher accuracy in adolescents and adults than the current diagnostic PCR gold standard on stool, Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra, and equivalent sensitivity to Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra on sputum.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
8
Chest X-ray alone is insufficient for predicting drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
Ole Skouvig Pedersen, Tetiana Butova, Natalia Borovok, Oleksandra Akymenko, Nadiya Sapelnik, Oleksandr Tantsura, Vitaliy Knysh, Andreas Fløe, Victor Naestholt Dahl, Dmytro Butov
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15.05.2024
Tilføjet 15.05.2024
Chest X-ray (CXR) in combination with machine learning (ML)-based prediction models has been proposed as a promising tool to distinguish drug-susceptible from drug-resistant tuberculosis (DS-/DR-TB) [1, 2]. This method builds on the idea that radiological abnormalities differ between patients with pulmonary DR- and DS-TB. Yet, previous studies have yielded conflicting results when comparing CXR findings in clinical practice [3, 4]. These studies have, however, also been limited by relatively small sizes or by including few types of drug resistance.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
9
Exploring opportunities to strengthen rural tuberculosis health service delivery: a qualitative study with health workers in Tibet autonomous region, China
Haldane, V., Zhang, Z., Yin, T., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Pan, Q., Dainty, K. N., Rea, E., Pasang, P., Hu, J., Wei, X.
BMJ Open, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
ObjectivesThis qualitative study aimed to explore opportunities to strengthen tuberculosis (TB) health service delivery from the perspectives of health workers providing TB care in Shigatse prefecture of Tibet Autonomous Region, China. DesignQualitative research, semi-structured in-depth interviews. SettingThe TB care ecosystem in Shigatse, including primary and community care. ParticipantsParticipants: 37 semi-structured interviews were conducted with village doctors (14), township doctors and nurses (14), county hospital doctors (7) and Shigatse Centre for Disease Control staff (2). ResultsThe three main themes reported include (1) the importance of training primary and community health workers to identify people with symptoms of TB, ensure TB is diagnosed and link people with TB to further care; (2) the need to engage community health workers to ensure retention in care and adherence to TB medications; and (3) the opportunity for innovative technologies to support coordinated care, retention in care and adherence to medication in Shigatse. ConclusionsThe quality of TB care could be improved across the care cascade in Tibet and other high-burden, remote settings by strengthening primary care through ongoing training, greater support and inclusion of community health workers and by leveraging technology to create a circle of care. Future formative and implementation research should include the perspectives of health workers at all levels to improve care organisation and delivery.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
10
Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health challenge, particularly in children. A substantial proportion of children with TB disease remain undetected and unconfirmed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive point-of-care test. This study aims to assess the performance of serological assays based on various antigen targets and antibody properties in distinguishing children (0–18 years) with TB disease (1) from healthy TB-exposed children, (2) children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections, and (3) from children with TB infection. Methods The study will use biobanked plasma samples collected from three prospective multicentric diagnostic observational studies: the Childhood TB in Switzerland (CITRUS) study, the Pediatric TB Research Network in Spain (pTBred), and the Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents (ProPAED) study. Included are children diagnosed with TB disease or infection, healthy TB-exposed children, and sick children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Serological multiplex assays will be performed to identify M. tuberculosis antigen-specific antibody features, including isotypes, subclasses, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and IgG glycosylation. Discussion The findings from this study will help to design serological assays for diagnosing TB disease in children. Importantly, those assays could easily be developed as low-cost point-of-care tests, thereby offering a potential solution for resource-constrained settings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03044509.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
11
Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol
BMC Infectious Diseases, 14.05.2024
Tilføjet 14.05.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health challenge, particularly in children. A substantial proportion of children with TB disease remain undetected and unconfirmed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive point-of-care test. This study aims to assess the performance of serological assays based on various antigen targets and antibody properties in distinguishing children (0–18 years) with TB disease (1) from healthy TB-exposed children, (2) children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections, and (3) from children with TB infection. Methods The study will use biobanked plasma samples collected from three prospective multicentric diagnostic observational studies: the Childhood TB in Switzerland (CITRUS) study, the Pediatric TB Research Network in Spain (pTBred), and the Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents (ProPAED) study. Included are children diagnosed with TB disease or infection, healthy TB-exposed children, and sick children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Serological multiplex assays will be performed to identify M. tuberculosis antigen-specific antibody features, including isotypes, subclasses, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and IgG glycosylation. Discussion The findings from this study will help to design serological assays for diagnosing TB disease in children. Importantly, those assays could easily be developed as low-cost point-of-care tests, thereby offering a potential solution for resource-constrained settings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03044509.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
12
Rapid decrease in IL-1Ra and IP-10 plasma levels following tuberculosis treatment initiation
Pean Polidy, Roseline Affi, Corine Chazalon, Ben Cheick Soumahoro, Delphine Gabillard, Dim Bunnet, Laurence Borand, Raoul Moh, Xavier Anglaret, François-Xavier Blanc, Pierre-Marie Girard, Guislaine Carcelain, Didier Laureillard, Laurence Weiss
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health issue with 10.6 million incident cases and 1.6 million deaths in 2022. The lack of microbiologically confirmed TB is frequent, notably in resource-limited settings and in people with advanced HIV disease. This often results in initiating empirical TB treatment, commonly used when the diagnosis is highly suspected. In such situations, clinicians need treatment monitoring tools that could provide quick and accurate predictions of treatment outcomes [1].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
13
Sputum bacterial microbiota signature as a surrogate for predicting disease progression of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease
Hung-Ling Huang, Chieh-Hua Lin, Meng-Rui Lee, Wei-Chang Huang, Chau-Chyun Sheu, Meng-Hsuan Cheng, Po-Liang Lu, Cheng-Hsieh Huang, Yao-Tsung Yeh, Jinn-Moon Yang, Inn-Wen Chong, Yu-Chieh Liao, Jann-Yuan Wang
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous pathogens that cause nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) [1]. Emerging epidemiological evidence has highlighted that the number of NTM isolates and the disease burden of NTM-LD have surpassed those of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in developed countries [2], indicating they have become a critical clinical concern. The natural course after NTM acquisition in the respiratory tract is dynamic and complicated because of the complex interplay between host immunity, the virulence of NTM species, and environmental factors.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
14
Redox biomarkers in asymptomatic latent human tuberculosis: a comparison with active disease
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
Abstract Background The latent TB infection (LTBI) is an asymptomatic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.bt). Previous studies have shown a host-protective role for Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) during Mtb infection and an important involvement of Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) in the necrotic pathology of the disease. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggested a crucial role for Glutathione in the granulomatous response to M. tb infection, with altered GSH levels associated to decreased host resistance. The aim of this study was to provide additional tools for discriminating the pathologic TB state and the asymptomatic infection.Methods We analyzed the gene expression of HO-1 and Gpx4 enzymes in blood of subjects with LTBI, active TB and healthy controls, and we also measured blood levels of the reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione, together with the evaluation of GCL expression, the gene responsible for the GSH de novo synthesis.Results Our findings highlight a shift of glutathione homeostasis towards a more reducing conditions in LTBI, and a different modulation of GSH-dependent genes and HO-1 expression respect to active TB.Conclusion This study can provide useful tools to understand the redox background that address the infection toward the asymptomatic or active disease.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
15
Itaconic acid inhibits nontuberculous mycobacterial growth in pH dependent manner while 4-octyl-itaconic acid enhances THP-1 clearance of nontuberculous mycobacteria in vitro
Paul Breen, Madsen Zimbric, Lindsay J. Caverly
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 11.05.2024
Tilføjet 11.05.2024
by Paul Breen, Madsen Zimbric, Lindsay J. Caverly Increasingly prevalent, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections affect approximately 20% of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Previous studies of CF sputum identified lower levels of the host metabolite itaconate in those infected with NTM. Itaconate can inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis (MTB) in vitro via the inhibition of the glyoxylate cycle enzyme (ICL), but its impact on NTM is unclear. To test itaconic acid’s (IA) effect on NTM growth, laboratory and CF clinical strains of Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium avium were cultured in 7H9 minimal media supplemented with 1–10 mM of IA and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). M. avium and M. abscessus grew when supplemented with SCFAs, whereas the addition of IA (≥ 10 mM) completely inhibited NTM growth. NTM supplemented with acetate or propionate and 5 mM IA displayed slower growth than NTM cultured with SCFA and ≤ 1 mM of IA. However, IA’s inhibition of NTM was pH dependent; as similar and higher quantities (100 mM) of pH adjusted IA (pH 7) did not inhibit growth in vitro, while in an acidic minimal media (pH 6.1), 1 to 5 mM of non-pH adjusted IA inhibited growth. None of the examined isolates displayed the ability to utilize IA as a carbon source, and IA added to M. abscessus isocitrate lyase (ICL) decreased enzymatic activity. Lastly, the addition of cell-permeable 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) to THP-1 cells enhanced NTM clearance, demonstrating a potential role for IA/itaconate in host defense against NTM infections.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
16
Evaluation of serological assays for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis disease: a study protocol
BMC Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) poses a major public health challenge, particularly in children. A substantial proportion of children with TB disease remain undetected and unconfirmed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly sensitive point-of-care test. This study aims to assess the performance of serological assays based on various antigen targets and antibody properties in distinguishing children (0–18 years) with TB disease (1) from healthy TB-exposed children, (2) children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infections, and (3) from children with TB infection. Methods The study will use biobanked plasma samples collected from three prospective multicentric diagnostic observational studies: the Childhood TB in Switzerland (CITRUS) study, the Pediatric TB Research Network in Spain (pTBred), and the Procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in children and adolescents (ProPAED) study. Included are children diagnosed with TB disease or infection, healthy TB-exposed children, and sick children with non-TB lower respiratory tract infection. Serological multiplex assays will be performed to identify M. tuberculosis antigen-specific antibody features, including isotypes, subclasses, Fc receptor (FcR) binding, and IgG glycosylation. Discussion The findings from this study will help to design serological assays for diagnosing TB disease in children. Importantly, those assays could easily be developed as low-cost point-of-care tests, thereby offering a potential solution for resource-constrained settings. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03044509.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
17
Bayesian Estimation of the Time-Varying Reproduction Number for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Iran: A Registry-Based Study from 2018 to 2022 Using New Smear-Positive Cases
Infectious Disease Modelling, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Maryam Rastegar, Mohammad Taghi Shakeri, Vahid Fakoor, Eisa Nazar, Mahshid Nasehi, Saeed Sharafi
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
18
Medicine and Meteorology
Journal of the American Medical Association, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Few, indeed, are the physicians who do not now and then advise a patient to make a change of climate. However difficult it might be to justify such a recommendation in every instance, or even in most cases, on the basis of precise physiologic knowledge or strictly scientific therapeutic consideration, the benefits that repeatedly accrue to persons thus ordered to a “change of scene” are often too indisputably real to be gainsaid. Change of climate may mean far more than transport to a place where altitude, regimen, temperature, moisture and other atmospheric conditions are different; it may mean removal from smoke and dust and other noxious agencies in the air; it may bring about new associations and furnish a new personal environment, whereby psychologic influences rather than climatic factors are brought into play in connection with the sick. Such personal features doubtless account for many benefits; they cannot encompass all the good that is often attributable to a new environment. Climatology, from the human standpoint, has not yet reached the dignity of an exact science. It still banks on combinations of tradition, unverified beliefs and empiric deductions. For the north temperate zone it has been alleged more than once that limitations imposed by weather cause many persons to lead unhygienic lives in winter, some individuals almost entering a state of hibernation. For some of these, spring brings a welcomed tonic change; others seek it by removing to a different locality. The meaning of sunshine in the form of direct insolation has become apparent in recent years in connection with various diseases. Tuberculosis and rickets, for example, can testify amply to the health-giving virtues of the direct rays of the sun. A recent writer has accordingly asserted that a study of the benefits obtained from a change of climate becomes more important each year as the systemic changes caused by different climates are better understood.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
19
Xpert MTB/XDR assay: rapid TB drug resistance detection
Infection, 10.05.2024
Tilføjet 10.05.2024
Abstract Purpose To assess the Xpert MTB/XDR assay’s efficiency in promptly detecting resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and second-line injectable drugs among tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods From August 2020 to July 2021, TB suspected patient samples were enrolled at a tertiary care center for our study. We conducted mycobacterial culture, phenotypic DST using proportion method in liquid culture at WHO-recommended concentrations, and the line probe assay (LPA). Simultaneously, the Index test, Xpert MTB/XDR, was performed following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results Among 360 samples, 107 were excluded due to incomplete information. Resistance to isoniazid, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was found in 45/251, 21/251 and 20/251 samples, respectively by phenotypic DST. The diagnostic accuracy of Index test, taking phenotypic DST as a reference standard, was 95.8%, 99.04%, and 99.05% for isoniazid, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The Index test assay demonstrated a specificity of 99.1% for detecting SLID resistance, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 99.2. Comparing the Index test with LPA revealed a significant enhancement in sensitivity for detecting isoniazid resistance (86.7% vs. 82.2%). Conclusions The Index test exhibited promising outcomes in identifying resistance to isoniazid and fluoroquinolones, surpassing the performance of the LPA. This could be valuable for promptly initiating treatment in cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
20
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community-based directly observed treatment (DOT) versus health facility-based DOT of tuberculosis in Africa: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Baye, T., Kassaw, A. T., Gebrie, D., Girmaw, F., Ashagrie, G.
BMJ Open, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, especially prevalent in the WHO African region. The WHO’s End TB Strategy emphasises effective treatment approaches such as directly observed therapy (DOT), yet the optimal implementation of DOT, whether through health facility-based (HF DOT) or community-based (CB DOT) approaches, remains uncertain. ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic comparison of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Community-Based Directly Observed Treatment (CB DOT) versus Health Facility-Based Directly Observed Treatment (HF DOT) for tuberculosis (TB) treatment in African settings. MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will search PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and the Cochrane Library for articles published up to 30 March 2023, without date restrictions. Eligible studies must be full economic evaluations conducted in African countries, comparing CB DOT to HF DOT regarding treatment outcomes and costs. Exclusion criteria include non-English, non-peer-reviewed or studies lacking caregiver involvement in CB DOT, health facility-based DOT comparison, direct comparability between CB DOT and HF DOT, significant selection bias or non-economic evaluations. Data extraction will be performed independently by reviewers, and meta-analyses will use STATA software. To pool the data, a random-effect model will be applied, and quality assessment of the studies will be conducted. Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as the study will use previously published articles available publicly. Findings will be presented at international and national conferences and published in open-access, peer-reviewed journals. PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023443260.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
21
Risk score prediction for bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: prognostic model development
Derseh, Nebiyu Mekonnen; Agimas, Muluken Chanie; Tesfie, Tigabu Kidie
AIDS, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Objective: This study was aimed at developing a risk score prediction model for bacteriologically confirmed TB among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 569 HIV-infected adults on ART. We used demographic and clinical prognostic factors to develop a risk prediction model. Model performance was evaluated by discrimination and calibration using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve and calibration plot. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. A decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical utility. Results: Opportunistic infection, functional status, anemia, isoniazid preventive therapy, and WHO clinical stages were used to develop risk prediction. The AUROC curve of the original model was 87.53% (95% CI: 83.88–91.25) and the calibration plot (p-value = 0.51). After internal validation, the AUROC curve of 86.61% (95% CI: 82.92–90.29%) was comparable with the original model, with an optimism coefficient of 0.0096 and good calibration (p-value = 0.10). Our model revealed excellent sensitivity (92.65%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (98.60%) with very good specificity (70.06%) and accuracy (72.76%). After validation, accuracy (74.85%) and specificity (76.27%) were improved, but sensitivity (86.76%) and NPV (97.66%) were relatively reduced. The risk prediction model had a net benefit up to 7.5 threshold probabilities. Conclusion: This prognostic model had very good performance. Moreover, it had very good sensitivity and excellent NPV. The model could help clinicians use risk estimation and stratification for early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. JOURNAL/aids/04.03/00002030-990000000-00483/figure1/v/2024-04-24T104332Z/r/image-jpeg Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
22
Retraction: Enhanced Immune Response and Protective Effects of Nano-chitosan-based DNA Vaccine Encoding T Cell Epitopes of Esat-6 and FL against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
23
Safety and immunogenicity of a DNA vaccine with subtype C gp120 protein adjuvanted with MF59® or AS01B: a phase 1/2a HIV-1 vaccine trial
Garrett, Nigel; Dintwe, One; Monaco, Cynthia L.; Jones, Megan; Seaton, Kelly E.; Church, E. Chandler; Grunenberg, Nicole; Hutter, Julia; deCamp, Allan; Huang, Yunda; Lu, Huiyin; Mann, Philipp; Robinson, Samuel T.; Heptinstall, Jack; Jensen, Ryan L.; Pantaleo, Giuseppe; Ding, Song; Koutsoukos, Marguerite; Hosseinipour, Mina C.; Van Der Meeren, Olivier; Gilbert, Peter B.; Ferrari, Guido; Andersen-Nissen, Erica; McElrath, M. Juliana; Tomaras, Georgia D.; Gray, Glenda E.; Corey, Lawrence; Kublin, James G.; on behalf of the HVTN 108 and HVTN 111 Study Teams
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 9.05.2024
Tilføjet 9.05.2024
Despite progress in HIV prevention and treatment, an estimated 1.3 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2022,1 highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. To date, the RV144 trial remains the only HIV vaccine trial that has demonstrated partial efficacy against acquisition.2 The Pox-Protein Public-Private Partnership (P5) was established with the aims of improving on RV144 by developing a vaccine capable of protecting against a broader diversity of HIV strains and achieving a better understanding of immune responses associated with preventing HIV infection.3 Vaccine concepts in the P5 program have focused on clade C immunogens, targeting predominant strains of East and Southern Africa, where approximately half of the 39 million people living with HIV reside.1 Despite progress in HIV prevention and treatment, an estimated 1.3 million people were newly infected with HIV in 2022,1 highlighting the urgent need for an effective vaccine. To date, the RV144 trial remains the only HIV vaccine trial that has demonstrated partial efficacy against acquisition.2 The Pox-Protein Public-Private Partnership (P5) was established with the aims of improving on RV144 by developing a vaccine capable of protecting against a broader diversity of HIV strains and achieving a better understanding of immune responses associated with preventing HIV infection.3 Vaccine concepts in the P5 program have focused on clade C immunogens, targeting predominant strains of East and Southern Africa, where approximately half of the 39 million people living with HIV reside.1 The RV144 regimen, originally designed to protect against subtype B/E strains, was adapted to incorporate clade C antigens and adjuvanted with MF59®.4 This regimen demonstrated adequate immunogenicity in the HVTN100 phase 1/2a trial,5 and was further evaluated in the HVTN702 efficacy trial in South Africa, but ultimately discontinued due to non-efficacy.6 In parallel, the P5 designed the correlates program: a series of phase 1/2a trials to evaluate vaccine candidates based on favorable immune profiles of putative correlates of protection. These trials employed novel prime-boost and co-administration regimens, varied protein doses, and used new adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems, with an emphasis on shared immunological endpoints to allow for cross-study comparisons. Preclinical studies have shown promising immune responses using DNA/protein combination vaccines.7,8 A comparison of responses between HVTN100 (ALVAC) and HVTN111 (DNA) trials indicated that DNA priming with a protein boost led to increased antibody and cellular responses compared to priming with the canarypox vector.9 In the HVTN105 trial, both a DNA prime-protein boost and a co-administration regimen induced potent and durable V1/V2 binding antibody responses (a known correlate of lower HIV-1 infection risk in RV144), with co-administration inducing early antibody responses.10 Furthermore, in the HVTN096 trial, including gp120 Env protein at the priming stage, co-administered with either NYVAC or DNA, elicited earlier and even greater antibody responses.11 The adjuvant system 01 (AS01) has been successfully tested in vaccine trials for other infectious diseases including malaria,12 shingles,13,14 and tuberculosis.15 Some HIV vaccine studies have also used AS01 and have shown that it contributes to the induction of robust and persistent cellular and humoral responses.16,17 MF59® has likewise been used in several licensed vaccines and pre-clinical studies,18 inducing strong and durable T-cell memory and humoral responses. MF59® was also used in HVTN studies with ALVAC 5 and was therefore chosen for comparison with AS01B in this trial. Thus, the aim of the HVTN108 trial was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the DNA vaccine with different HIV clade C protein doses, adjuvanted with MF59® or AS01B, and dosed in prime-boost or co-administration regimens. Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
24
An HLA-E-targeted TCR bispecific molecule redirects T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Rachel L. PatersonMarco P. La MannaVictoria Arena De SouzaAndrew WalkerDawn Gibbs-HoweRakesh KulkarniJoannah R. FergussonNitha Charles MulakkalMauro MonteiroWilawan BunjobpolMarcin DembekMagdalena Martin-UrdirozTressan GrantClaire BarberDiana J. Garay-BaqueroLiku Bekele TezeraDavid LowneCamille Britton-RivetRobert PengellyNatalia ChepisiukPraveen K. SinghAmanda P. WoonAlex S. PowleslandMichelle L. McCullyNadia CaccamoMariolina SalioGiusto Davide BadamiLucy DorrellAndrew KnoxRoss RobinsonPaul ElkingtonFrancesco DieliMarco LeporeSarah LeonardLuis F. GodinhoaImmunocore Ltd., Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 4RY, United KingdombDepartment of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, ItalycCentral Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, ItalydNational Institute for Health and Care Research, Biomedical Research Centre and Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
25
Repurposing of anti-malarial drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis: realistic strategy or fanciful dead end?
Malaria Journal, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Background Drug repurposing offers a strategic alternative to the development of novel compounds, leveraging the known safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of medications, such as linezolid and levofloxacin for tuberculosis (TB). Anti-malarial drugs, including quinolones and artemisinins, are already applied to other diseases and infections and could be promising for TB treatment. Methods This review included studies on the activity of anti-malarial drugs, specifically quinolones and artemisinins, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), summarizing results from in vitro, in vivo (animal models) studies, and clinical trials. Studies on drugs not primarily developed for TB (doxycycline, sulfonamides) and any novel developed compounds were excluded. Analysis focused on in vitro activity (minimal inhibitory concentrations), synergistic effects, pre-clinical activity, and clinical trials. Results Nineteen studies, including one ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial, were analysed: primarily investigating quinolones like mefloquine and chloroquine, and, to a lesser extent, artemisinins. In vitro findings revealed high MIC values for anti-malarials versus standard TB drugs, suggesting a limited activity. Synergistic effects with anti-TB drugs were modest, with some synergy observed in combinations with isoniazid or pyrazinamide. In vivo animal studies showed limited activity of anti-malarials against MTC, except for one study of the combination of chloroquine with isoniazid. Conclusions The repurposing of anti-malarials for TB treatment is limited by high MIC values, poor synergy, and minimal in vivo effects. Concerns about potential toxicity at effective dosages and the risk of antimicrobial resistance, especially where TB and malaria overlap, further question their repurposing. These findings suggest that focusing on novel compounds might be both more beneficial and rewarding.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
26
Xpert MTB/XDR assay: rapid TB drug resistance detection
Infection, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
Abstract Purpose To assess the Xpert MTB/XDR assay’s efficiency in promptly detecting resistance to isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, ethionamide, and second-line injectable drugs among tuberculosis (TB) patients. Methods From August 2020 to July 2021, TB suspected patient samples were enrolled at a tertiary care center for our study. We conducted mycobacterial culture, phenotypic DST using proportion method in liquid culture at WHO-recommended concentrations, and the line probe assay (LPA). Simultaneously, the Index test, Xpert MTB/XDR, was performed following the manufacturer’s instructions. Results Among 360 samples, 107 were excluded due to incomplete information. Resistance to isoniazid, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was found in 45/251, 21/251 and 20/251 samples, respectively by phenotypic DST. The diagnostic accuracy of Index test, taking phenotypic DST as a reference standard, was 95.8%, 99.04%, and 99.05% for isoniazid, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The Index test assay demonstrated a specificity of 99.1% for detecting SLID resistance, yielding a diagnostic accuracy of 99.2. Comparing the Index test with LPA revealed a significant enhancement in sensitivity for detecting isoniazid resistance (86.7% vs. 82.2%). Conclusions The Index test exhibited promising outcomes in identifying resistance to isoniazid and fluoroquinolones, surpassing the performance of the LPA. This could be valuable for promptly initiating treatment in cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
27
[Articles] Performance of a stool-based quantitative PCR assay for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adolescents and adults: a multinational, prospective diagnostic accuracy study
Alexander Kay, Anca Vasiliu, Lucia Carratala-Castro, Bariki Mtafya, Jose Euberto Mendez Reyes, Nontobeko Maphalala, Shilzia Munguambe, Durbbin Mulengwa, Tara Ness, Belen Saavedra, Jason Bacha, Gugu Maphalala, Rojelio Mejia, Godwin Mtetwa, Sozinho Acacio, Patricia Manjate, Edson Mambuque, Nosisa Shiba, Nokwanda Kota, Mangaliso Ziyane, Nyanda Elias Ntinginya, Christoph Lange, H Lester Kirchner, Andrew R DiNardo, Alberto L Garcia-Basteiro, Anna Maria Mandalakas, Stool4TB Global Partnership
Lancet Microbe, 8.05.2024
Tilføjet 8.05.2024
In this study, a novel qPCR for the diagnosis of tuberculosis from stool specimens had a higher accuracy in adolescents and adults than the current diagnostic PCR gold standard on stool, Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra, and equivalent sensitivity to Xpert-MTB/RIF Ultra on sputum.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
28
Review of the current TB human infection studies for use in accelerating TB vaccine development: A meeting report
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Abstract Tools to evaluate and accelerate tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development are needed to advance global TB control strategies. Validated human infection studies for TB have the potential to facilitate breakthroughs in understanding disease pathogenesis, identify correlates of protection, develop diagnostic tools, and accelerate and de-risk vaccine and drug development. However, key challenges remain for realizing the clinical utility of these models, which require further discussion and alignment amongst key stakeholders. In March 2023, the Wellcome Trust and the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) convened international experts involved in developing both TB and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) human infection studies (including mucosal and intradermal challenge routes) to discuss the status of each of the models and the key enablers to move the field forward. This report provides a summary of the presentations and discussion from the meeting. Discussions identified key issues, including demonstrating model validity, to provide confidence for vaccine developers, which may be addressed through demonstration of known vaccine effects, e.g. BCG vaccination in specific populations, and by comparing results from field efficacy and human infection studies. The workshop underscored the importance of establishing safe and acceptable studies in high-burden settings, and the need to validate more than one model to allow for different scientific questions to be addressed as well as to provide confidence to vaccine developers and regulators around use of human infection study data in vaccine development and licensure pathways.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
29
Transcriptomic signatures of progression to TB disease among close contacts in Brazil
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Abstract Background Approximately 5% of people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis progress to tuberculosis (TB) disease without preventive therapy. There is a need for a prognostic test to identify those at highest risk of incident TB, so that therapy can be targeted. We evaluated host blood transcriptomic signatures for progression to TB disease.Methods Close contacts (≥4 hours exposure per week) of adult patients with culture-confirmed pulmonary TB were enrolled in Brazil. Investigation for incident, microbiologically-confirmed or clinically-diagnosed pulmonary or extra-pulmonary TB disease through 24 months of follow-up was symptom-triggered. Twenty previously validated blood TB transcriptomic signatures were measured at baseline by real-time quantitative PCR. Prognostic performance for incident TB was tested using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis at 6, 9, 12, and 24 months of follow-up.Results Between June 2015 and June 2019, 1,854 close contacts were enrolled; Twenty-five progressed to incident TB, of whom 13 had microbiologically-confirmed disease. Baseline transcriptomic signature scores were measured in 1,789 close contacts. Prognostic performance for all signatures was best within 6 months of diagnosis. Seven signatures (Gliddon4, Suliman4, Roe3, Roe1, Penn-Nicholson6, Francisco2, and Rajan5) met the minimum World Health Organization target product profile (TPP) for a prognostic test through 6 months; three (Gliddon4, Rajan5, and Duffy9) through 9 months. None met the TPP threshold through 12 or more months of follow-up.Conclusions Blood transcriptomic signatures may be useful for predicting TB risk within 9 months of measurement among TB-exposed contacts, to target preventive therapy administration.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
30
Susceptibility testing of the live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine BCG and the vaccine candidate MTBVAC to currently WHO-recommended anti-tuberculosis drugs by the EUCAST method
Marie Sylvianne Rabodoarivelo, Ana Belén Gómez, Ana Picó Marco, Carlos Martin, Santiago Ramón-García
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
BCG is currently the only licensed tuberculosis (TB) vaccine with more than 100 years of use. It is a live attenuated vaccine based on a Mycobacterium bovis strain, which causes TB in cattle. While BCG provides moderate efficacy in preventing severe forms of TB in infants and young children, it does not adequately protect adolescents and adults, who account for the majority (>90%) of TB transmission globally. The development of new TB vaccines is an important unmet medical need and a priority for the World Health Organization (WHO).
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
31
The role of whole genome sequencing in identifying occupational tuberculosis among healthcare workers: Two case reports
Ole Skouvig Pedersen, Victor Naestholt Dahl, Søren Sperling, Anders Norman, Troels Lillebaek, Andreas Fløe
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.05.2024
Tilføjet 7.05.2024
Establishing the link between a potential occupational tuberculosis (TB) case and an index patient has historically been difficult [1]. During the last two decades, however, the application of continuously improving molecular genotyping techniques for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has increased our knowledge of transmission events.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
32
Burden of COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis hospitalisation patterns at a tertiary care hospital in Rajasthan, India: a retrospective analysis
Rajotiya, S., Mishra, S., Singh, A. K., Debnath, S., Raj, P., Singh, P., Bareth, H., Nakash, P., Sharma, A., Singh, M., Nathiya, D., Joshi, N., Tomar, B. S.
BMJ Open, 3.05.2024
Tilføjet 3.05.2024
ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis (TB) trends, patient demographics, disease types and hospitalisation duration within the Respiratory Medicine Department over three distinct phases: pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19. DesignRetrospective analysis using electronic medical records of patients with TB admitted between June 2018 and June 2023 was done to explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients with TB. The study employed a meticulous segmentation into pre-COVID-19, COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 eras. SettingNational Institute of Medical Science Hospital in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome includes patients admitted to the Respiratory Medicine Department of the hospital and secondary outcome involves the duration of hospital stay. ResultsThe study encompassed 1845 subjects across the three eras, revealing a reduction in TB incidence during the post-COVID-19 era compared with the pre-COVID-19 period (p
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
33
Bactericidal and sterilizing activity of sudapyridine-clofazimine-TB47 combined with linezolid or pyrazinamide in a murine model of tuberculosis
Wei YuYanan JuXingli HanXirong TianJie DingShuai WangH. M. Adnan HameedYamin GaoLei LiYongguo LiNanshan ZhongTianyu Zhang1State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China2Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China3China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China4Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, China5Division of Life Science and Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China6Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China7Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China8Shanghai Jiatan Pharmatech Co., Ltd, a subsidiary of Guangzhou JOYO Pharma Ltd., Shanghai, China9State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The National Center for Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China, Sean Wasserman
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
34
Tuberculosis in United States-Bound Follow-to-Join Asylees, 2014–2019
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2.05.2024
Tilføjet 2.05.2024
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume: 110 Issue: 5 Pages: 999-1005
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
35
Integrating molecular and radiological screening tools during community-based active case-finding for tuberculosis and COVID-19 in southern Africa
Alex John Scott, Mohammed Limbada, Tahlia Perumal, Shameem Jaumdally, Andrea Kotze, Charnay van der Merwe, Maina Cheeba, Deborah Milimo, Keelin Murphy, Bram van Ginneken, Mariana de Kock, Robin Mark Warren, Phindile Gina, Jeremi Swanepoel, Louié Kühn, Suzette Oelofse, Anil Pooran, Aliasgar Esmail, Helen Ayles, Keertan Dheda
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
To evaluate diagnostic yield and feasibility of integrating testing for TB and COVID-19 using molecular and radiological screening tools during community-based active case-finding (ACF).
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
36
Association between TB delay and TB treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients: a study based on the multilevel propensity score method
BMC Infectious Diseases, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
Abstract Background HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection is a significant public health concern worldwide. TB delay, consisting of patient delay, diagnostic delay, treatment delay, increases the risk of adverse anti-TB treatment (ATT) outcomes. Except for individual level variables, differences in regional levels have been shown to impact the ATT outcomes. However, few studies appropriately considered possible individual and regional level confounding variables. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of TB delay on treatment outcomes in HIV-TB co-infected patients in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture (Liangshan Prefecture) of China, using a causal inference framework while taking into account individual and regional level factors. Methods We conducted a study to analyze data from 2068 patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture from 2019 to 2022. To address potential confounding bias, we used a causal directed acyclic graph (DAG) to select appropriate confounding variables. Further, we controlled for these confounders through multilevel propensity score and inverse probability weighting (IPW). Results The successful rate of ATT for patients with HIV-TB co-infection in Liangshan Prefecture was 91.2%. Total delay (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.015, 1.962), diagnostic delay (OR = 1.778, 95% CI: 1.261, 2.508), treatment delay (OR = 1.749, 95% CI: 1.146, 2.668) and health system delay (OR = 1.480 95% CI: (1.035, 2.118) were identified as risk factors for successful ATT outcome. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of these findings. Conclusions HIV-TB co-infection prevention and control policy in Liangshan Prefecture should prioritize early treatment for diagnosed HIV-TB co-infected patients. It is urgent to improve the health system in Liangshan Prefecture to reduce delays in diagnosis and treatment.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
37
[Spotlight] UK patient with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Tony Kirby
Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1.05.2024
Tilføjet 1.05.2024
In the summer of 2019, Claire (name changed for confidentiality) began to feel unwell. “I felt exhausted all the time”, she explains. “But when I went to my family doctor on two different occasions, I was told fatigue was a complex issue and not given any diagnosis.”
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
38
Delineating the evolutionary pathway to multidrug-resistant outbreaks of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis L4.1.2.1/Haarlem sublineage
Naira Dekhil, Helmi Mardassi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most potent TB drugs. This form of TB infection remains a major public health concern globally, which has been exacerbated by the HIV epidemic. The recent advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has further severely complicated the situation, by disrupting healthcare systems. Indeed, the burden of MDR-TB increased by 3% between 2020 and 2021, with 450 000 new cases of rifampicin-resistant TB in 2021, thus hampering the global TB control efforts [1].
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
39
Quantitative Interferon-Gamma Releasing Assay in Predicting Tuberculosis in South Korean Military: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Sung-Woon Kang, Jeongjae Lee, Seong Min Kim, Dahye Kang, Euijin Chang, Seongman Bae, Jiwon Jung, Min Jae Kim, Yong Pil Chong, Sang-Oh Lee, Sang-Ho Choi, Yang Soo Kim, Sung-Han Kim
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 30.04.2024
Tilføjet 30.04.2024
The interferon-gamma releasing assay (IGRA) has been widely used to diagnose latent tuberculosis infection (TBI). However, there are limited data on the association between performance in the IGRA and risk of tuberculosis disease (TBD), as well as on the appropriate IGRA threshold for initiating TBI treatment.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
40
A case of pulmonary melioidosis in Germany: a rare differential diagnosis in returning travelers from South-East Asia
Infection, 28.04.2024
Tilføjet 28.04.2024
Abstract Background Melioidosis is a bacterial infection associated with high mortality. The diagnostic approach to this rare disease in Europe is challenging, especially because pulmonary manifestation of melioidosis can mimic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Antibiotic therapy of melioidosis consists of an initial intensive phase of 2–8 weeks followed by an eradication therapy of 3–6 months. Case presentation We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient with pulmonary melioidosis in Germany. The patient showed chronic cough, a pulmonary mass and a cavitary lesion, which led to the initial suspicion of pulmonary TB. Melioidosis was considered due to a long-term stay in Thailand with recurrent exposure to rice fields. Results Microbiologic results were negative for TB. Histopathology of an endobronchial tumor showed marked chronic granulation tissue and fibrinous inflammation. Melioidosis was diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction by detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei/mallei target from mediastinal lymph-node tissue. Conclusion This case report emphasizes that melioidosis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and recent travel to South-East Asia.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
41
A case of pulmonary melioidosis in Germany: a rare differential diagnosis in returning travelers from South-East Asia
Infection, 27.04.2024
Tilføjet 27.04.2024
Abstract Background Melioidosis is a bacterial infection associated with high mortality. The diagnostic approach to this rare disease in Europe is challenging, especially because pulmonary manifestation of melioidosis can mimic pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Antibiotic therapy of melioidosis consists of an initial intensive phase of 2–8 weeks followed by an eradication therapy of 3–6 months. Case presentation We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient with pulmonary melioidosis in Germany. The patient showed chronic cough, a pulmonary mass and a cavitary lesion, which led to the initial suspicion of pulmonary TB. Melioidosis was considered due to a long-term stay in Thailand with recurrent exposure to rice fields. Results Microbiologic results were negative for TB. Histopathology of an endobronchial tumor showed marked chronic granulation tissue and fibrinous inflammation. Melioidosis was diagnosed via polymerase chain reaction by detection of Burkholderia pseudomallei/mallei target from mediastinal lymph-node tissue. Conclusion This case report emphasizes that melioidosis is an important differential diagnosis in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and recent travel to South-East Asia.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
42
Chronic meningitis in adults: a comparison between neurotuberculosis and neurobrucellosis
BMC Infectious Diseases, 26.04.2024
Tilføjet 26.04.2024
Abstract Background In regions endemic for tuberculosis and brucellosis, distinguishing between tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and brucella meningitis (BM) poses a substantial challenge. This study investigates the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with TBM and BM. Methods Adult patients diagnosed with either TBM or BM who were admitted to two referral hospitals between March 2015 and October 2022, were included, and the characteristics of the patients were analyzed. Results Seventy patients formed the study group, 28 with TBM and 42 with BM, were included. TBM patients had a 2.06-fold (95% CI: 1.26 to 3.37, P-value: 0.003) higher risk of altered consciousness and a 4.80-fold (95% CI: 1.98 to 11.61, P-value:
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
43
(Re-)introduction of TNF antagonists and JAK inhibitors in patients with previous tuberculosis: a systematic review
Thomas Theo rehm, Maja Reimann, Niklas Köhler, Christoph Lange
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 23.04.2024
Tilføjet 23.04.2024
Tuberculosis (TB) is a common complication associated with treatment with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. However, there is uncertainty about the risk of TB relapse in patients with TB and comorbidities requiring treatment with these agents.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
44
Death after cure: mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis survivors in rural Uganda
Joseph Baruch Baluku, Brenda Namanda, Sharon Namiiro, Diana Karungi Rwabwera, Gloria Mwesigwa, Catherine Namaara, Bright Twinomugisha, Isabella Nyirazihawe, Edwin Nuwagira, Grace Kansiime, Enock Kizito, Mary G. Nabukenya-Mudiope, Moorine Penninah Sekadde, Felix Bongomin, Joshua Senfuka, Ronald Olum, Aggrey Byaruhanga, Ian Munabi, Sarah Kiguli
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.04.2024
Tilføjet 21.04.2024
There were an estimated 155 million tuberculosis (TB) survivors globally as of 2020 [1]. However, the risk of mortality among TB survivors is thrice that of people who have never suffered TB [2]. Early identification of risk factors for long-term mortality in people with TB, especially in rural areas where studies have found a four-fold increase in mortality, could significantly improve their long-term survival [3]. This study aimed to determine the incidence and predictors of mortality among TB survivors at a rural tertiary hospital in Uganda.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
45
For Tuberculosis, Not “To Screen or Not to Screen?” but “Who?” and “How?”
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Active case finding leveraging new molecular diagnostics and chest X-rays with automated interpretation algorithms is increasingly being developed for high-risk populations to drive down tuberculosis incidence. We consider why such an approach did not deliver a decline in tuberculosis prevalence in Brazilian prison populations and what to consider next.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
46
Assessment for Antibodies to Rifapentine and Isoniazid in Persons Developing Flu-like Reactions During Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 20.04.2024
Tilføjet 20.04.2024
Abstract Background Flu-like reactions can occur after exposure to rifampin, rifapentine, or isoniazid. Prior studies have reported the presence of antibodies to rifampin, but associations with underlying pathogenesis are unclear.Methods We evaluated PREVENT TB study participants who received weekly isoniazid + rifapentine for 3 months (3HP) or daily isoniazid for 9 months (9H) as treatment for M. tuberculosis infection. Flu-like reaction was defined as a grade ≥2 of any of flu-like symptoms. Controls (3HP or 9H) did not report flu-like reactions. We developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibodies against rifapentine, isoniazid, rifampin, and rifapentine metabolite.Results Among 128 participants, 69 received 3HP (22 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls) and 59 received 9H (12 with flu-like reactions; 47 controls). In participants receiving 3HP, anti-rifapentine IgG was identified in 2/22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 6/47 (13%) controls (P = 0.7), anti-isoniazid IgG in 2/22 (9%) participants with flu-like reactions and 4/47 (9%) controls (P = 0.9), and anti-rifapentine metabolite IgG in 2/47 (4%) controls (P = 0.9). Among participants receiving 9H, IgG and IgM anti-isoniazid antibodies were each present in 4/47 (9%) controls, respectively, but none among participants with flu-like reactions; anti-rifapentine IgG antibodies were not present in any participants with flu-like reactions or controls.Conclusions We detected anti-rifapentine, anti-isoniazid, and anti-rifapentine metabolite antibodies, but the proportions of participants with antibodies were low, and did not differ between participants with flu-like reactions and those without such reactions. This suggests that flu-like reactions associated with 3HP and 9H were not antibody-mediated.
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
47
Modelling the preventive treatment under media impact on tuberculosis: A comparison in four regions of China
Infectious Disease Modelling, 13.02.2024
Tilføjet 13.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Jun Zhang, Yasuhiro Takeuchi, Yueping Dong, Zhihang Peng
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed
48
Analysis of the impacts of treatments in a HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis co-infected population under random perturbations
Infectious Disease Modelling, 16.11.2023
Tilføjet 16.11.2023
Publication date: Available online 15 November 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Olusegun Michael Otunuga
Læs mere
Tjek på PubMed